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Wang S, Li C, Zhang L, Sun B, Cui Y, Sang F. Isolation and biological activity of natural chalcones based on antibacterial mechanism classification. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 93:117454. [PMID: 37659218 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infection, which is still one of the leading causes of death in humans, poses an enormous threat to the worldwide public health system. Antibiotics are the primary medications used to treat bacterial diseases. Currently, the discovery of antibiotics has reached an impasse, and due to the abuse of antibiotics resulting in bacterial antibiotic resistance, researchers have a critical desire to develop new antibacterial agents in order to combat the deteriorating antibacterial situation. Natural chalcones, the flavonoids consisting of two phenolic rings and a three-carbon α, β-unsaturated carbonyl system, possess a variety of biological and pharmacological properties, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and so on. Due to their potent antibacterial properties, natural chalcones possess the potential to become a new treatment for infectious diseases that circumvents existing antibiotic resistance. Currently, the majority of research on natural chalcones focuses on their synthesis, biological and pharmacological activities, etc. A few studies have been conducted on their antibacterial activity and mechanism. Therefore, this review focuses on the antibacterial activity and mechanisms of seventeen natural chalcones. Firstly, seventeen natural chalcones have been classified based on differences in antibacterial mechanisms. Secondly, a summary of the isolation and biological activity of seventeen natural chalcones was provided, with a focus on their antibacterial activity. Thirdly, the antibacterial mechanisms of natural chalcones were summarized, including those that act on bacterial cell membranes, biological macromolecules, biofilms, and quorum sensing systems. This review aims to lay the groundwork for the discovery of novel antibacterial agents based on chalcones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, PR China
| | - Chuang Li
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, PR China
| | - Liyan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, PR China
| | - Bingxia Sun
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, PR China
| | - Yuting Cui
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, PR China.
| | - Feng Sang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, PR China.
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Cui J, Guo R, Wang Y, Song Y, Song X, Li H, Song X, Li J. Acetylshikonin suppresses diffuse large B-Cell Lymphoma cell growth by targeting the T-lymphokine-activated killer cell-originated protein kinase signalling pathway. Bioengineered 2022; 13:4428-4440. [PMID: 35139768 PMCID: PMC8973784 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2034584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is one of the most common causes of cancer death worldwide, and responds poorly to the existing treatments. Thus, identifying novel therapeutic targets of DLBCL is urgently needed. In this study, we found that T-lymphokine-activated killer cell-originated protein kinase (TOPK) was highly expressed in DLBCL cells and tissues. Data from the GEPIA database also indicated that TOPK was highly expressed in DLBCL tissues. The high expression levels of proteins were identified via Western blots and immunohistochemistry (IHC). TOPK knockdown inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis of DLBCL cells with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2 H-tetrazolium (MTS) and flow cytometry. Further experiments demonstrated that acetylshikonin, a compound that targeted TOPK, could attenuate cell growth and aggravate cell apoptosis through TOPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-1/2 signaling, as shown by MTS, flow cytometry and Western blots. In addition, we demonstrated that TOPK modulated the effect of acetylshikonin on cell proliferation and apoptosis in U2932 and OCI-LY8 cells using MTS, flow cytometry and Western blots. Taken together, the present study suggests that acetylshikonin suppresses the growth of DLBCL cells by attenuating TOPK signaling, and the targeted inhibition of TOPK by acetylshikonin may be a promising approach for the treatment of DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieke Cui
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rong Guo
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingjun Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yue Song
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuewen Song
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongwen Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqin Song
- Depatment of Physical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiwei Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Park S, Lee J. Modulation of Hair Growth Promoting Effect by Natural Products. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122163. [PMID: 34959442 PMCID: PMC8706577 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A large number of people suffer from alopecia or hair loss worldwide. Drug-based therapies using minoxidil and finasteride for the treatment of alopecia are available, but they have shown various side effects in patients. Thus, the use of new therapeutic approaches using bioactive products to reduce the risk of anti-hair-loss medications has been emphasized. Natural products have been used since ancient times and have been proven safe, with few side effects. Several studies have demonstrated the use of plants and their extracts to promote hair growth. Moreover, commercial products based on these natural ingredients have been developed for the treatment of alopecia. Several clinical, animal, and cell-based studies have been conducted to determine the anti-alopecia effects of plant-derived biochemicals. This review is a collective study of phytochemicals with anti-alopecia effects, focusing mainly on the mechanisms underlying their hair-growth-promoting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyeon Park
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Dongduk Women’s University, Seoul 02748, Korea;
| | - Joomin Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-62-230-7722
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Kwak AW, Lee MJ, Lee MH, Yoon G, Cho SS, Chae JI, Shim JH. The 3-deoxysappanchalcone induces ROS-mediated apoptosis and cell cycle arrest via JNK/p38 MAPKs signaling pathway in human esophageal cancer cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 86:153564. [PMID: 33895649 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 3-deoxysappanchalcone (3-DSC), a chemical separated from Caesalpinia sappan L, has been substantiated to display anti-inflammatory, anti-influenza, and anti-allergy activities according to previous studies. However, the underlying mechanisms of action on esophageal cancer remain unknown. PURPOSE The present research aims to survey the action mechanisms of 3-DSC in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells in vitro. METHODS Evaluation of cytotoxicity was determined by MTT tetrazolium salt assay and soft agar assay. Cell cycle distribution, apoptosis induction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and multi-caspases activity were appreciated by Muse™ Cell Analyzer. The expressions of cell cycle- and apoptosis-related proteins were presented using Western blotting. RESULTS 3-DSC blocked cell growth and colony formation ability in a concentration-dependent manner and invoked apoptosis, G2/M cell cycle arrest, ROS production, MMP depolarization, and multi-caspase activity. Furthermore, Western blotting results demonstrated that 3-DSC upregulated the expression of phospho (p)-c-jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNK), p-p38, cell cycle regulators, pro-apoptotic proteins, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related proteins whereas downregulated the levels of anti-apoptotic proteins and cell cycle promoters. The effects of 3-DSC on ROS induction were counteracted by pretreatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). Also, our results indicated that p38 (SB203580) and JNK (SP600125) inhibitor slightly inhibited 3-DSC-induced apoptosis. These results showed that 3-DSC-related G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by JNK/p38 MAPK signaling pathway in ESCC cells were mediated by ROS. CONCLUSION ROS generation by 3-DSC in cancer cells could be an attractive strategy for apoptosis of cancer cells by inducing cell cycle arrest, ER stress, MMP loss, multi-caspase activity, and JNK/p38 MAPK pathway. Our findings suggest that 3-DSC is a promising novel therapeutic candidate for both prevention and treatment of esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah-Won Kwak
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeoung-Jun Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee-Hyun Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeonnam 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Goo Yoon
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Sik Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Il Chae
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung-Hyun Shim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea; The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, PR China; Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, Biomedical and Healthcare Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea.
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A Comprehensive Review on Chemotaxonomic and Phytochemical Aspects of Homoisoflavonoids, as Rare Flavonoid Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052735. [PMID: 33800482 PMCID: PMC7962952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Homoisoflavonoids (3-benzylidene-4-chromanones) are considered as an infrequent flavonoid class, possessing multi-beneficial bioactivities. The present study gives an overview on phytochemical aspects of homoisoflavonoids, including utilized plant species, parts, extracts, and separation techniques. Overall, these compounds have mainly been isolated and identified from bulbs and rhizomes of the plants belonging to Asparagaceae and Fabaceae families, particularly the genera of Ophiopogon, Dracaena, Scilla, Polygonatum, and Caesalpinia.
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Hahn D, Shin SH, Bae JS. Natural Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Compounds in Foodstuff or Medicinal Herbs Inducing Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1191. [PMID: 33260980 PMCID: PMC7761319 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an inducible antioxidant enzyme that catalyzes heme group degradation. Decreased level of HO-1 is correlated with disease progression, and HO-1 induction suppresses development of metabolic and neurological disorders. Natural compounds with antioxidant activities have emerged as a rich source of HO-1 inducers with marginal toxicity. Here we discuss the therapeutic role of HO-1 in obesity, hypertension, atherosclerosis, Parkinson's disease and hepatic fibrosis, and present important signaling pathway components that lead to HO-1 expression. We provide an updated, comprehensive list of natural HO-1 inducers in foodstuff and medicinal herbs categorized by their chemical structures. Based on the continued research in HO-1 signaling pathways and rapid development of their natural inducers, HO-1 may serve as a preventive and therapeutic target for metabolic and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyup Hahn
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
- Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Seung Ho Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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Seo HW, No H, Cheon HJ, Kim JK. Sappanchalcone, a flavonoid isolated from Caesalpinia sappan L., induces caspase-dependent and AIF-dependent apoptosis in human colon cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 327:109185. [PMID: 32590072 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the apoptotic effects and the underlying mechanism of sappanchalcone, a major bioactive compound isolated from Caesalpinia sappan L. on human colon cancer cells. To achieve this, we used two different colon cancer cell lines, namely HCT116 (as wild-type p53 cells) and SW480 (as p53-mutant cells) cells. Our results illustrated that sappanchalcone treatment decreased the proliferation and further promoted apoptosis in HCT116 cells compared with the findings in SW480 cells. Sappanchalcone triggered phosphorylation of p53, which is involved in the activation of caspases and increased expression of Bax in HCT116 cells. Conversely, sappanchalcone-treated SW480 cells displayed no change in p53 phosphorylation or caspase activation. In addition, sappanchalcone further increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) release in both HCT116 and SW480 cells. These data suggest that sappanchalcone induces apoptosis through caspase-dependent and caspases-independent mechanisms that were characterized by decreased Bcl-2 expression, mitochondrial targeting, and altered ROS production and AIF translocation to the nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Won Seo
- Department of Biomedical Science, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan-Si, Republic of Korea
| | - Huiwon No
- Department of Biomedical Science, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan-Si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Cheon
- Department of Biomedical Science, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan-Si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan-Si, Republic of Korea.
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Wound Healing and the Use of Medicinal Plants. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:2684108. [PMID: 31662773 PMCID: PMC6778887 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2684108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous wound healing is the process by which skin repairs itself. It is generally accepted that cutaneous wound healing can be divided into 4 phases: haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodelling. In humans, keratinocytes re-form a functional epidermis (reepithelialization) as rapidly as possible, closing the wound and reestablishing tissue homeostasis. Dermal fibroblasts migrate into the wound bed and proliferate, creating “granulation tissue” rich in extracellular matrix proteins and supporting the growth of new blood vessels. Ultimately, this is remodelled over an extended period, returning the injured tissue to a state similar to that before injury. Dysregulation in any phase of the wound healing cascade delays healing and may result in various skin pathologies, including nonhealing, or chronic ulceration. Indigenous and traditional medicines make extensive use of natural products and derivatives of natural products and provide more than half of all medicines consumed today throughout the world. Recognising the important role traditional medicine continues to play, we have undertaken an extensive survey of literature reporting the use of medical plants and plant-based products for cutaneous wounds. We describe the active ingredients, bioactivities, clinical uses, formulations, methods of preparation, and clinical value of 36 medical plant species. Several species stand out, including Centella asiatica, Curcuma longa, and Paeonia suffruticosa, which are popular wound healing products used by several cultures and ethnic groups. The popularity and evidence of continued use clearly indicates that there are still lessons to be learned from traditional practices. Hidden in the myriad of natural products and derivatives from natural products are undescribed reagents, unexplored combinations, and adjunct compounds that could have a place in the contemporary therapeutic inventory.
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Zhao R, Huang H, Choi BY, Liu X, Zhang M, Zhou S, Song M, Yin F, Chen H, Shim JH, Bode AM, Dong Z, Lee MH. Cell growth inhibition by 3-deoxysappanchalcone is mediated by directly targeting the TOPK signaling pathway in colon cancer. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 61:152813. [PMID: 31035049 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer death worldwide. Unfortunately, chemotherapies are limited due to many complications and development of resistance and recurrence. The T-lymphokine-activated killer cell-originated protein kinase (TOPK) is highly expressed and activated in colon cancer, and plays an important role in inflammation, proliferation, and survival of cancer cells. Therefore, suppressing TOPK activity and its downstream signaling cascades is considered to be a rational therapeutic/preventive strategy against colon cancers. PURPOSE 3-Deoxysappanchalcone (3-DSC), a component of Caesalpinia sappan L., is a natural oriental medicine. In this study, we investigated the effects of 3-DSC on colon cancer cell growth and elucidated its underlying molecular mechanism of targeting TOPK. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS To evaluate the effects of 3-DSC against colon cancer, we performed cell proliferation assays, propidium iodide- and annexin V-staining analyses and Western blotting. Targeting TOPK by 3-DSC was identified by a kinase-binding assay and computational docking models. RESULTS 3-DSC inhibited the kinase activity of TOPK, but not mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK). The direct binding of 3-DSC with TOPK was explored using a computational docking model and binding assay in vitro and ex vivo. 3-DSC inhibited colon cancer cell proliferation and anchorage-independent cell growth, and induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Treatment of colon cancer cells with 3-DSC induced expression of protein that are involved in cell cycle (cyclin B1) and apoptosis (cleaved-PARP, cleaved-caspase-3, and cleaved-caspase-7), and suppressed protein expressions of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-1/2, ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK), and c-Jun, which are regulated by the upstream kinase, TOPK. CONCLUSION 3-DSC suppresses colon cancer cell growth by directly targeting the TOPK- mediated signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China; China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, No.127, Dongming Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, China
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Bu Young Choi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Engineering, School of Convergence Bioscience and Technology, Seowon University, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Xuejiao Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Man Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Silei Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Mengqiu Song
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China; China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, No.127, Dongming Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, China
| | - Fanxiang Yin
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China; China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, No.127, Dongming Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, China
| | - Hanyong Chen
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin MN55912, USA
| | - Jung-Hyun Shim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 58554, South Korea
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin MN55912, USA
| | - Zigang Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China; China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, No.127, Dongming Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, China; The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin MN55912, USA; The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Mee-Hyun Lee
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China; China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, No.127, Dongming Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, China; The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China.
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Protosappanin B promotes apoptosis and causes G 1 cell cycle arrest in human bladder cancer cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1048. [PMID: 30705351 PMCID: PMC6355918 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37553-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of protosappanin B on the proliferation and apoptosis of bladder cancer cells. The effects of protosappanin B (12.5, 25, 50, 100, or 200 μg/mL, 48 h) on proliferation of SV-HUC-1, T24 and 5637 cells was assessed using the MTT assay. The effects of protosappanin B (100, 150, 200, 250, or 300 μg/mL, 48 h) on cell apoptosis and cell cycle were analyzed using flow cytometry. T24 and 5637 cells treated with 200 µg/mL protosappanin B showed morphological changes (shrinkage, rounding, membrane abnormalities, and reduced adhesion), but protosappanin B had no proliferation arrest effect on SV-HUC-1 cells. Protosappanin B caused concentration-dependent inhibition of cell growth, with IC50 of 82.78 µg/mL in T24 cells and 113.79 µg/mL in 5637 cells. Protosappanin B caused concentration-dependent increases in T24 and 5637 cell apoptosis (100–300 µg/mL). The effects of protosappanin B on the cell cycle in both cell types was G1 arrest with reductions in the proportion of S-phase cells and proliferation index. A proteomics analysis showed that protosappanin B modulated a number of genes involved in the cell cycle. In conclusion, protosappanin B inhibits the proliferation and promotes the apoptosis of T24 and 5637 human bladder cancer cells in a concentration-dependent manner, possibly via interference with cell cycle regulation, preventing G1-to-S transition.
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Davallia mariesii Moore Improves Fc εRI-Mediated Allergic Responses in the Rat Basophilic Leukemia Mast Cell Line RBL-2H3 and Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis in Mice. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:8701650. [PMID: 29200667 PMCID: PMC5671741 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8701650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Davallia mariesii Moore (Drynaria rhizome extract (DRE)) is widely known for its efficacy in treating inflammation, arteriosclerosis, and bone injuries. This study evaluated whether treatment with DRE inhibited FcɛRI-mediated allergic responses in the RBL-2H3 mast cells and investigated the early- and late-phase mechanisms by which DRE exerts its antiallergic effects. IgE anti-DNP/DNP-HSA-sensitized RBL-2H3 mast cells were tested for cytotoxicity to DRE, followed by the assessment of β-hexosaminidase release. We measured the amounts of inflammatory mediators (e.g., histamine, PGD2, TNF-α, IL-4, and IL-6) and examined the expression of genes involved in arachidonate and FcεRI signaling pathways. In addition, we confirmed the antiallergic effects of DRE on passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in mice. DRE inhibited RBL-2H3 mast cell degranulation and production of allergic mediators in them. In early allergic responses, DRE reduced expression of FcεRI signaling-related genes (e.g., Syk, Lyn, and Fyn) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation in mast cells. In late allergic responses, DRE reduced PGD2 release and COX-2 expression and cPLA2 phosphorylation in FcɛRI-mediated mast cells. Lastly, 250-500 mg/kg DRE significantly attenuated the IgE-induced PCA reaction in mice. These findings provide novel information on the molecular mechanisms underlying the antiallergic effects of DRE in FcɛRI-mediated allergic responses.
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Seo H, Kim S, Mahmud HA, Islam MI, Nam KW, Lee BE, Lee H, Cho ML, Shin HM, Song HY. In vitroAntitubercular Activity of 3-Deoxysappanchalcone Isolated From the Heartwood ofCaesalpinia sappanLinn. Phytother Res 2017; 31:1600-1606. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hoonhee Seo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine; Soonchunhyang University; Cheonan Chungnam 31151 South Korea
| | - Sukyung Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine; Soonchunhyang University; Cheonan Chungnam 31151 South Korea
| | - Hafij Al Mahmud
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine; Soonchunhyang University; Cheonan Chungnam 31151 South Korea
| | - Md Imtiazul Islam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine; Soonchunhyang University; Cheonan Chungnam 31151 South Korea
| | - Kung-Woo Nam
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology; Soonchunhyang University; Asan Chungnam 31538 South Korea
| | - Byung-Eui Lee
- Department of Chemistry; Soonchunhyang University; Asan Chungnam 31538 South Korea
| | - Hanna Lee
- National Development Institute of Korean Medicine; Gyeongsan Gyeongnam 38540 South Korea
| | - Myoung-Lae Cho
- National Development Institute of Korean Medicine; Gyeongsan Gyeongnam 38540 South Korea
| | - Heung-Mook Shin
- National Development Institute of Korean Medicine; Gyeongsan Gyeongnam 38540 South Korea
- Department of Physiology; College of Korean Medicine Dongguk University; Gyeongju 780-714 Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Yeon Song
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine; Soonchunhyang University; Cheonan Chungnam 31151 South Korea
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Kim YE, Choi HC, Lee IC, Yuk DY, Lee H, Choi BY. 3-Deoxysappanchalcone Promotes Proliferation of Human Hair Follicle Dermal Papilla Cells and Hair Growth in C57BL/6 Mice by Modulating WNT/β-Catenin and STAT Signaling. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2016; 24:572-580. [PMID: 27795451 PMCID: PMC5098535 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2016.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
3-Deoxysappanchalcone (3-DSC) has been reported to possess anti-allergic, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. In the present study, we investigated the effects of 3-DSC on the proliferation of human hair follicle dermal papilla cells (HDPCs) and mouse hair growth in vivo. A real-time cell analyzer system, luciferase assay, Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were employed to measure the biochemical changes occurring in HDPCs in response to 3-DSC treatment. The effect of 3-DSC on hair growth in C57BL/6 mice was also examined. 3-DSC promoted the proliferation of HDPCs, similar to Tofacitinib, an inhibitor of janus-activated kinase (JAK). 3-DSC promoted phosphorylation of β-catenin and transcriptional activation of the T-cell factor. In addition, 3-DSC potentiated interleukin-6 (IL-6)-induced phosphorylation and subsequent transactivation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3), thereby increasing the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase-4 (Cdk4), fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). On the contrary, 3-DSC attenuated STAT6 mRNA expression and IL4-induced STAT6 phosphorylation in HDPCs. Finally, we observed that topical application of 3-DSC promoted the anagen phase of hair growth in C57BL/6 mice. 3-DSC stimulates hair growth possibly by inducing proliferation of follicular dermal papilla cells via modulation of WNT/β-catenin and STAT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Eun Kim
- Cosmecutical R&D Center, HP&C, Seowon University, Cheongju 28674, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Chul Choi
- Cosmecutical R&D Center, HP&C, Seowon University, Cheongju 28674, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Chul Lee
- Department of Cosmetic Science & Engineering, Seowon University, Cheongju 28674, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yeon Yuk
- Cosmecutical R&D Center, HP&C, Seowon University, Cheongju 28674, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyosung Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Engineering, Seowon University, Cheongju 28674, Republic of Korea
| | - Bu Young Choi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Engineering, Seowon University, Cheongju 28674, Republic of Korea
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Bao H, Zhang LL, Liu QY, Feng L, Ye Y, Lu JJ, Lin LG. Cytotoxic and Pro-Apoptotic Effects of Cassane Diterpenoids from the Seeds of Caesalpinia sappan in Cancer Cells. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21060791. [PMID: 27322234 PMCID: PMC6274183 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21060791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical study on the seeds of Caesalpinia sappan led to the isolation of five new cassane diterpenoids, phanginins R‒T (1–3) and caesalsappanins M and N (4 and 5), together with seven known compounds 6–12. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of NMR and HRESIMS analyses. The absolute configurations of compounds 1 and 4 were determined by the corresponding CD spectra. All the isolated compounds were tested for their cytotoxicity against ovarian cancer A2780 and HEY, gastric cancer AGS, and non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells. Compound 1 displayed significant toxicity against the four cell lines with the IC50 values of 9.9 ± 1.6 µM, 12.2 ± 6.5 µM, 5.3 ± 1.9 µM, and 12.3 ± 3.1 µM, respectively. Compound 1 induced G1 phase cell cycle arrest in A2780 cells. Furthermore, compound 1 dose-dependently induced A2780 cells apoptosis as evidenced by Hoechst 33342 staining, Annexin V positive cells, the up-regulated cleaved-PARP and the enhanced Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. What’s more, compound 1 also promoted the expression of the tumor suppressor p53 protein. These findings indicate that cassane diterpenoids might have potential as anti-cancer agents, and further in vivo animal studies and structural modification investigation are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China.
| | - Le-Le Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China.
| | - Qian-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China.
| | - Lu Feng
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yang Ye
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Jin-Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China.
| | - Li-Gen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China.
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Sappanone A exhibits anti-inflammatory effects via modulation of Nrf2 and NF-κB. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 28:328-36. [PMID: 26122134 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Homoisoflavonoids constitute a small class of natural products. In the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of sappanone A (SPNA), a homoisoflavanone that is isolated from the heartwood of Caesalpinia sappan (Leguminosae), in murine macrophages. SPNA inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) as well as the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and IL-6 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, SPNA protected C57BL/6 mice from LPS-induced mortality. Treatment of RAW264.7 cells with SPNA induced heme oxygenase (HO)-1 protein and mRNA expression and increased nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) as well as the expression of Nrf2 target genes such as NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). Knockdown of Nrf2 by siRNA blocked SPNA-mediated HO-1 induction. SB203580, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor, blocked SPNA-induced HO-1 expression and nuclear translocation of Nrf2, suggesting that SPNA induces HO-1 expression by activating Nrf2 through the p38 MAPK pathway. Consistent with the notion that the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway has anti-inflammatory properties, inhibiting HO-1 significantly abrogated the anti-inflammatory effects of SPNA in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, SPNA suppressed LPS-induced nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation via inhibiting Ser 536 phosphorylation and transcriptional activity of RelA/p65 subunit of NF-κB. Taken together, these findings suggest that SPNA exerts its anti-inflammatory effect by modulating the Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways, and may be a valuable compound to prevent or treat inflammatory diseases.
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16
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Nirmal NP, Rajput MS, Prasad RGSV, Ahmad M. Brazilin from Caesalpinia sappan heartwood and its pharmacological activities: A review. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2015. [PMID: 26194825 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Caesalpinia sappan L. (CS) is a plant of Leguminosae family, commonly known as Brazil or Sappan wood. CS is distributed in Southeast Asia and its dried heartwood has been used as traditional ingredient of food or beverages and has a wide variety of medicinal properties. Higher extraction yield of CS wood was achieved with 95% ethanol for 2 h. Chemical constituent's investigation of sappan wood resulted in the isolation of various structural types of phenolic components including one xanthone, one coumarin, three chalcones, two flavones three homoisoflavonoids and brazilin. Brazilin [(6a S-cis)-7, 11b-dihydrobenz[b]indeno[1,2-d]pyran-3,6a,9,10(6H)- tetrol], a major and active compound found in CS heartwood. Most of the folkloric uses of brazilin were validated by the scientific studies such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-photoaging, hypoglycemic, vasorelaxant, hepatoprotective and anti-acne activity. CS heartwood extract is safe and did not produce any acute or subacute toxicity in both male and female rats. Brazilin is the safe natural compound having potential to develop as a medicinal compound with application in food, beverage, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries to screen its clinical use in modern medicine. The information gained could provide the important and potential approach for pharmaceutical researcher to implicate the knowledge of brazilin in the formulation of new drug and to reveal therapeutic and gaps requiring future research opportunities. More studies are needed to evaluate the potential application of brazilin as preservative and coloring agent in food processing industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh P Nirmal
- Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, Block 10, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Acherfield Brisbane, QLD 4108, Australia.
| | - Mithun S Rajput
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, MGM Medical College, A.B. Road, Indore 452001, MP, India
| | - Rangabhatla G S V Prasad
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technology Research Group, Nano Research for Advanced Materials, Bangalore 5600040, Karnataka, India
| | - Mehraj Ahmad
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon 4 Rd., Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
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17
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Zhang Q, Liu JL, Qi XM, Qi CT, Yu Q. Inhibitory activities of Lignum Sappan extractives on growth and growth-related signaling of tumor cells. Chin J Nat Med 2015; 12:607-12. [PMID: 25156286 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(14)60092-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the active constituents of Lignum Sappan (Caesalpinia sappan L.) on growth-related signaling and cell mitosis. METHOD The influence of the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract of Lignum Sappan and its constituents on growth-related signaling were evaluated by a luciferase assay in cells stably-transfected with NF-κB, STAT1, or STAT3 responsive luciferase reporter plasmid. The inhibitory effect on the cell cycle was determined by flow cytometric analysis. The anti-tumor activities were assessed in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS The EtOAc extract of Lignum Sappan had inhibitory activities on growth-related signaling and cell mitosis. Three major active compounds were sappanchalcone, brazilin, and butein. Sappanchalcone blocked cell cycle progression in the G2/M phase, brazilin inhibited TNFα/NF-κB signaling, while butein inhibited IL-6/STAT3 signaling, as well as TNFα/NF-κB signaling. The three compounds all demonstrated cytotoxic activities against human tumor cells in vitro. In a S180 tumor cell-bearing mice model, the anti-tumor efficacy of the EtOAc extract was better than the individual compounds acting alone. CONCLUSION These results indicate that Lignum Sappan contains multiple active compounds with different antitumor activities, which act synergistically to enhance their anti-tumor effects. The EtOAc extract of Lignum Sappan may be better than individual active constituent as a novel medicine for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jing-Li Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiao-Man Qi
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chun-Ting Qi
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Huang L, Li T, Zhou H, Qiu P, Wu J, Liu L. Sinomenine potentiates degranulation of RBL-2H3 basophils via up-regulation of phospholipase A2 phosphorylation by Annexin A1 cleavage and ERK phosphorylation without influencing on calcium mobilization. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 28:945-51. [PMID: 25939534 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sinomenine (SIN), an alkaloid derived from the Chinese medicinal plant Sinomenium acutum, is the major component of Zhengqing Fongtong Ning (ZQFTN), a pharmaceutical drug produced by Hunan Zhengqing Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. in China for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases. Some clinic reports indicate that ZQFTN may induce an anaphylactic reaction via potentiating the degranulation of immune cells. In the current study, we aimed to examine whether SIN is capable of inducing the degranulation of basophilic leukemia 2H3 (RBL-2H3) cells to elucidate how the anaphylactic reaction occurs. The results revealed that SIN could up-regulate β-hexosaminidase levels in RBL-2H3 cells without significant cytotoxicity, suggesting that SIN could induce the degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells. Furthermore, SIN increased the release of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in RBL-2H3 cells via promoting the expression of phosphorylated-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (P-ERK), the cleavage of Annexin A1 (ANXA1), and phosphorylated-cytosolic phospholipase A2 (P-cPLA2), as well as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). The ERK inhibitor, PD98059, significantly attenuated the up-regulatory effect of SIN on cPLA2 phosphorylation. Interestingly, SIN did not significantly increase Ca(2+) influx in the cells. These findings not only explored the anaphylactic reaction and underlying mechanism of ZQFTN in RBL-2H3 cells, but may promote the development of relevant strategies for overcoming the adverse effects of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lufen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Ping Qiu
- Hunan Zhengqing Pharmaceutical Group Limited, Huaihua, China
| | - Jianlin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
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Tran MH, Nguyen MTT, Nguyen HD, Nguyen TD, Phuong TT. Cytotoxic constituents from the seeds of Vietnamese Caesalpinia sappan. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:1549-1554. [PMID: 25858626 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.986686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Caesalpinia sappan Linn. (Leguminosae) has been used in folk medicines for the treatment of many diseases. The heartwood of this plant contains various phenolic components with interesting biological applications; however, the chemical and biological potentials of the seed of this plant have not been fully explored. OBJECTIVE This study identified the cytotoxic activity of compounds from the seeds of C. sappan. MATERIALS AND METHODS The methanol extract of the seed of C. sappan was suspended in H2O and then partitioned with CH2Cl2, EtOAc, and n-BuOH, successively. Diterpenoid compounds were isolated from the CH2Cl2-soluble fraction by silica gel column chromatography methods using organic solvents. The compound structures were determined by detailed analysis of NMR and MS spectral data. Cytotoxic activity was measured using a modified MTT assay against HL-60, HeLa, MCF-7, and LLC cancer cells. The activation of caspase-3 enzyme and western blotting assay were performed to confirm inhibitory mechanism of active compound. RESULTS Five cassane-type diterpenoids were isolated and identified as phanginin I (1), phaginin A (2), phanginin D (3), phanginin H (4), and phanginin J (5). Compounds 1-4 showed effective inhibition against HL-60 cells with the IC50 values of 16.4 ± 1.5, 19.2 ± 2.0, 11.7 ± 1.6, and 22.5 ± 5.1 μM. Compounds 1-3 exhibited cytotoxic activity against HeLa cells with the IC50 values of 28.1 ± 3.6, 37.2 ± 3.4, and 22.7 ± 2.8 μM. Treatment of HL-60 cell lines with various concentrations of 3 (0-30 μM) resulted in the growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that compound 3 (phanginin D) is one of the main active components of the seed of C. sappan activating caspases-3 which contribute to apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manh Hung Tran
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University-HoChiMinh City , HoChiMinh City , Vietnam
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Tewtrakul S, Tungcharoen P, Sudsai T, Karalai C, Ponglimanont C, Yodsaoue O. Antiinflammatory and Wound Healing Effects ofCaesalpinia sappanL. Phytother Res 2015; 29:850-6. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Supinya Tewtrakul
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Prince of Songkla University; Hat-Yai Songkhla 90112 Thailand
- Excellent Research Laboratory, Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Prince of Songkla Univesity; Hat-Yai Songkhla 90112 Thailand
| | - Pattreeya Tungcharoen
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Prince of Songkla University; Hat-Yai Songkhla 90112 Thailand
| | - Teeratad Sudsai
- Faculty of Oriental Medicine; Rangsit University; Patumthani 12000 Thailand
| | - Chatchanok Karalai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Prince of Songkla University; Hat-Yai Songkhla 90112 Thailand
| | - Chanita Ponglimanont
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Prince of Songkla University; Hat-Yai Songkhla 90112 Thailand
| | - Orapun Yodsaoue
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Prince of Songkla University; Hat-Yai Songkhla 90112 Thailand
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21
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Tewtrakul S, Chaniad P, Pianwanit S, Karalai C, Ponglimanont C, Yodsaoue O. Anti-HIV-1 Integrase Activity and Molecular Docking Study of Compounds from Caesalpinia sappan L. Phytother Res 2015; 29:724-9. [PMID: 25676492 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Caesalpinia sappan L. (Caesalpiniaceae) has been traditionally used as blood tonic, expectorant, and astringent by boiling with water. Searching for HIV-1 integrase (IN) inhibitors from this plant is a promising approach. The EtOH extract of C. sappan and its isolated compounds were tested for their anti-HIV-1 IN effect using the multiplate integration assay, and the active compounds were determined for their mechanisms by molecular docking technique. Extraction from the heartwoods and roots of C. sappan led to the isolation of nine compounds. Among the compounds tested, sappanchalcone (2) displayed the strongest effect against HIV-1 IN with an IC50 value of 2.3 μM followed by protosappanin A (9, IC50 = 12.6 μM). Structure-activity relationships of compounds from C. sappan were found, in which the vicinal hydroxyl moiety were essential for anti-HIV-1 IN effect of compounds 2 and 9 by binding with the amino acid residues Gln148 and Thr66 in the core domain of the HIV- 1 IN enzyme, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supinya Tewtrakul
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Excellent Research Laboratory, Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla Univesity, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
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22
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Jung EG, Han KI, Kwon HJ, Patnaik BB, Kim WJ, Hur GM, Nam KW, Han MD. Anti-inflammatory activity of sappanchalcone isolated from Caesalpinia sappan L. in a collagen-induced arthritis mouse model. Arch Pharm Res 2015; 38:973-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-015-0557-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Nishida Y, Sugahara S, Wada K, Toyohisa D, Tanaka T, Ono M, Yasuda S. Inhibitory effects of the ethyl acetate extract from bulbs of Scilla scilloides on lipoxygenase and hyaluronidase activities. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2014; 52:1351-1357. [PMID: 25026344 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.891140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Scilla scilloides Druce (Liliaceae) is a folk medicine to treat dermal inflammation; however, the medicinal properties of this plant have not been completely established. OBJECTIVE The current study investigates the potent anti-inflammatory effects of S. scilloides bulbs for its traditional usage using lipoxygenase and hyaluronidase as the inflammation model. To gain insight into the active constituents, nine homoisoflavones (1-9) were subsequently tested. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lipoxygenase and hyaluronidase inhibition of ethyl acetate extract from the bulbs of this plant within 2000 µg/mL or homoisoflavones within 1000 µM were determined by colorimetric methods. RAW264.7 cells were incubated with 10 or 50 µM homoisoflavones plus lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 h. The culture media were collected and analyzed for determination of the nitric oxide (NO) level by the colorimetric Griess method to measure the extent of inflammation. RESULTS The extract exhibited inhibitory effects on lipoxygenase and hyaluronidase activities with IC50 values 31.5 and 169 µg/mL, respectively. Among the nine homoisoflavones tested, four (1 and 3-5) resulted in 79.3-97.9% higher lipoxygenase inhibition than 6.7-32.7% of the others at 500 µM. Calculated IC50 values indicated 5 as the compound responsible for strong lipoxygenase inhibition with 15.8 µM as the IC50 value. In the hyaluronidase assay, all homoisoflavones tested at 1000 µM demonstrated 16.2-58.0% inhibition. Incubating the cells in the presence of all nine homoisoflavones tested at 50 µM significantly suppressed the NO production, downward to 1.5-66.0%, in the LPS-activated macrophage cells as a model. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These results may indicate a potential role of S. scilloides for anti-inflammatory purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youichirou Nishida
- Department of Bioscience, School of Agriculture, Tokai University , Kawayo, Minamiaso, Aso, Kumamoto , Japan and
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Kim JH, Choo YY, Tae N, Min BS, Lee JH. The anti-inflammatory effect of 3-deoxysappanchalcone is mediated by inducing heme oxygenase-1 via activating the AKT/mTOR pathway in murine macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 22:420-6. [PMID: 25091623 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
3-Deoxysappanchalcone (3-DSC), isolated from Caesalpinia sappan (Leguminosae), is a chalcone that exerts a variety of pharmacological activities. In the present study, we demonstrated that 3-DSC exerts anti-inflammatory activity in murine macrophages by inducing heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression at the translational level. Treatment of RAW264.7 cells with 3-DSC induced HO-1 protein expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner without affecting HO-1 mRNA expression. Mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors or actinomycin D, a transcriptional inhibitor, did not block 3-DSC-mediated HO-1 induction. However, 3-DSC-mediated HO-1 induction was completely blocked by treatment with cycloheximide, a translational inhibitor, or rapamycin, an inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Strikingly, 3-DSC increased the phosphorylation level of mTOR downstream target molecules such as eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) and S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), as well as AKT in a dose- and time-dependent manner, suggesting that the 3-DSC induces HO-1 expression by activating the AKT/mTOR pathway. Consistent with the notion that HO-1 has anti-inflammatory properties, 3-DSC inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin (IL)-6 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Inhibition of HO-1 activity by treatment with tin protoporphyrin IX, a specific HO-1 inhibitor, abrogated the inhibitory effects of 3-DSC on the production of NO and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Taken together, 3-DSC may be an effective HO-1 inducer at the translational level that has anti-inflammatory effects, and a valuable compound for modulating inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hyeong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Yeon Choo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Nara Tae
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Sun Min
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 712-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do 200-701, Republic of Korea.
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Moita E, Sousa C, Andrade PB, Fernandes F, Pinho BR, Silva LR, Valentão P. Effects of Echium plantagineum L. bee pollen on basophil degranulation: relationship with metabolic profile. Molecules 2014; 19:10635-49. [PMID: 25054443 PMCID: PMC6270730 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190710635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the anti-allergic potential of Echium plantagineum L. bee pollen and to characterize its primary metabolites. The activity of E. plantagineum hydromethanolic extract, devoid of alkaloids, was tested against β-hexosaminidase release in rat basophilic leukemic cells (RBL-2H3). Two different stimuli were used: calcium ionophore A23187 and IgE/antigen. Lipoxygenase inhibitory activity was evaluated in a cell-free system using soybean lipoxygenase. Additionally, the extract was analysed by HPLC-UV for organic acids and by GC-IT/MS for fatty acids. In RBL-2H3 cells stimulated either with calcium ionophore or IgE/antigen, the hydromethanolic extract significantly decreased β-hexosaminidase release until the concentration of 2.08 mg/mL, without compromising cellular viability. No effect was found on lipoxygenase. Concerning extract composition, eight organic acids and five fatty acids were determined for the first time. Malonic acid (80%) and α-linolenic acid (27%) were the main compounds in each class. Overall, this study shows promising results, substantiating for the first time the utility of intake of E. plantagineum bee pollen to prevent allergy and ameliorate allergy symptoms, although a potentiation of an allergic response can occur, depending on the dose used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda Moita
- REQUIMTE/Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Carla Sousa
- REQUIMTE/Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Paula B Andrade
- REQUIMTE/Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Fátima Fernandes
- REQUIMTE/Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Brígida R Pinho
- REQUIMTE/Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Luís R Silva
- REQUIMTE/Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Patrícia Valentão
- REQUIMTE/Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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Hung TM, Dang NH, Dat NT. Methanol extract from Vietnamese Caesalpinia sappan induces apoptosis in HeLa cells. Biol Res 2014; 47:20. [PMID: 25028057 PMCID: PMC4101718 DOI: 10.1186/0717-6287-47-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study evaluated the cytotoxic activity of extracts from Caesalpinia sappan heartwood against multiple cancer cell lines using an MTT cell viability assay. The cell death though induction of apoptosis was as indicated by DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 enzyme activation. Results A methanol extract from C. sappan (MECS) showed cytotoxic activity against several of the cancer cell lines. The most potent activity exhibited by the MECS was against HeLa cells with an IC50 value of 26.5 ± 3.2 μg/mL. Treatment of HeLa cells with various MECS concentrations resulted in growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis, as indicated by DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 enzyme activation. Conclusion This study is the first report of the anticancer properties of the heartwood of C. sappan native to Vietnam. Our findings demonstrate that C. sappan heartwood may have beneficial applications in the field of anticancer drug discovery.
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Cytotoxic Activity of New Phenolic Compounds from VietnameseCaesalpinia sappan. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 77:2378-82. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.130493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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PASS-predicted hepatoprotective activity of Caesalpinia sappan in thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis in rats. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:301879. [PMID: 24701154 PMCID: PMC3950979 DOI: 10.1155/2014/301879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The antifibrotic effects of traditional medicinal herb Caesalpinia sappan (CS) extract on liver fibrosis induced by thioacetamide (TAA) and the expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in rats were studied. A computer-aided prediction of antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities was primarily performed with the Prediction Activity Spectra of the Substance (PASS) Program. Liver fibrosis was induced in male Sprague Dawley rats by TAA administration (0.03% w/v) in drinking water for a period of 12 weeks. Rats were divided into seven groups: control, TAA, Silymarin (SY), and CS 300 mg/kg body weight and 100 mg/kg groups. The effect of CS on liver fibrogenesis was determined by Masson's trichrome staining, immunohistochemical analysis, and western blotting. In vivo determination of hepatic antioxidant activities, cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), and matrix metalloproteinases (MPPS) was employed. CS treatment had significantly increased hepatic antioxidant enzymes activity in the TAA-treated rats. Liver fibrosis was greatly alleviated in rats when treated with CS extract. CS treatment was noted to normalize the expression of TGF-β1, αSMA, PCNA, MMPs, and TIMP1 proteins. PASS-predicted plant activity could efficiently guide in selecting a promising pharmaceutical lead with high accuracy and required antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties.
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Zhao H, Wang X, Li W, Koike K, Bai H. A new minor homoisoflavonoid from Caesalpinia sappan. Nat Prod Res 2013; 28:102-5. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2013.847439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huanxin Zhao
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuo Koike
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Hong Bai
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
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Borg M, Brincat S, Camilleri G, Schembri-Wismayer P, Brincat M, Calleja-Agius J. The role of cytokines in skin aging. Climacteric 2013; 16:514-21. [PMID: 23659624 DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2013.802303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous aging is one of the major noticeable menopausal complications that most women want to fight in their quest for an eternally youthful skin appearance. It may contribute to some maladies that occur in aging which, despite not being life-threatening, affect the well-being, psychological state and quality of life of aged women. Skin aging is mainly affected by three factors: chronological aging, decreased levels of estrogen after menopause, and environmental factors. Aged skin is characterized by a decrease in collagen content and skin thickness which result in dry, wrinkled skin that is easily bruised and takes a longer time to heal. Cytokines play a crucial role in the manifestation of these features of old skin. The pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibits collagen synthesis and enhances collagen degradation by increasing the production of MMP-9. It also lowers the skin immunity and thus increases the risk of cutaneous infections in old age. Deranged levels of several interleukins and interferons also affect the aging process. The high level of CCN1 protein in aged skin gives dermal fibroblasts an 'age-associated secretory phenotype' that causes abnormal homeostasis of skin collagen and leads to the loss of the function and integrity of skin. Further research is required especially to establish the role of cytokines in the treatment of cutaneous aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Borg
- * Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta
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Cuong TD, Hung TM, Kim JC, Kim EH, Woo MH, Choi JS, Lee JH, Min BS. Phenolic compounds from Caesalpinia sappan heartwood and their anti-inflammatory activity. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2012; 75:2069-2075. [PMID: 23234407 DOI: 10.1021/np3003673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Four new phenolic compounds, caesalpiniaphenols A-D (1-4), together with eight known compounds were isolated from Caesalpinia sappan heartwood. The chemical structures were established mainly by NMR, MS, ECD, and Mosher's method. Compounds 4, 5, and 7 showed weak inhibitory activity against the LPS-induced NO production in macrophage RAW264.7 cells with IC(50) values of 12.2, 3.5, and 5.7 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- To Dao Cuong
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-702, Korea
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Min BS, Cuong TD, Hung TM, Min BK, Shin BS, Woo MH. Compounds from the heartwood of Caesalpinia sappan and their anti-inflammatory activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:7436-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lee CC, Wang CN, Kang JJ, Liao JW, Chiang BL, Chen HC, Hu CM, Lin CD, Huang SH, Lai YT. Antiallergic asthma properties of brazilin through inhibition of TH2 responses in T cells and in a murine model of asthma. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:9405-9414. [PMID: 22920671 DOI: 10.1021/jf2038778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether brazilin exhibits anti-inflammatory effects that inhibit T helper cell type II (T(H)2) responses and whether it suppresses allergic inflammation reactions in a murine model of asthma. We found that brazilin inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 induced by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and cAMP in EL-4 T cells in a dose-dependent manner. Following the intratracheal instillation of brazilin in ovalbumin (OVA)-immunized mice, we found that brazilin-treated mice exhibited decreases in the release of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, eotaxin-1, and tumor necrosis factor-α in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF); inhibited T(H)2 functioning via a decrease in IL-4 production; and exhibited attenuation of OVA-induced lung eosinophilia, airway hyperresponsiveness, and airway remodeling. These results suggest that brazilin exhibits anti-T(H)2 effects both in vitro and in vivo and may possess therapeutic potential for allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chen Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Lee YM, Kim YC, Choi BJ, Lee DW, Yoon JH, Kim EC. Mechanism of sappanchalcone-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis in human oral cancer cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2011; 25:1782-8. [PMID: 21963806 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2011.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sappanchalcone, a flavonoid extracted from Caesalpinia sappan, exhibits cytoprotective activity, but the molecular basis for the anticancer effect of sappanchalcone has not been reported. In this study, we examined whether sappanchalcone could inhibit the growth of human primary and metastatic oral cancer cells, and we analyzed the signaling pathway underlying the apoptotic effects of the compound in this process using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays, fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, and Western blotting. Sappanchalcone-treated oral cancer cells showed an increased cytosolic level of cytochrome c, downregulated Bcl-2 expression, upregulated Bax and p53 expression, caspase-3 and -9 activation, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. Furthermore, sappanchalcone induced activation of p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK), and Nuclear factor k B (NF-κB), as demonstrated by the phosphorylation of each mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), the degradation of inhibitor of NF-κα (IκB-α), increased expression of nuclear p65, and NF-κB-DNA binding. Inhibition of the expression of p38, ERK, JNK, and NF-κB by pharmacological inhibitors reversed sappanchalcone-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis. These results provide the first evidence that sappanchalcone suppresses oral cancer cell growth and induces apoptosis through the activation of p53-dependent mitochondrial, p38, ERK, JNK, and NF-κB signaling. Thus, it has potential as a chemotherapeutic agent for oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Man Lee
- Department of Maxillofacial Tissue Regeneration, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Youn UJ, Nam KW, Kim HS, Choi G, Jeong WS, Lee MY, Chae S. 3-Deoxysappanchalcone Inhibits Tumor Necrosis Factor-.ALPHA.-Induced Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Expression in Human Keratinocytes through Activated Protein-1 Inhibition and Nuclear Factor-Kappa B DNA Binding Activity. Biol Pharm Bull 2011; 34:890-3. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.34.890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ui Joung Youn
- Natural Product Chemistry Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University
| | - Kung-Woo Nam
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University
| | - Hui-Seong Kim
- Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology
- Immune Modulator Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology
| | - Goya Choi
- Aging Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine
| | - Woo Seok Jeong
- Aging Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine
| | - Mi Young Lee
- Aging Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine
| | - Sungwook Chae
- Aging Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine
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36
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Jeong GS, Lee DS, Li B, Lee HJ, Kim EC, Kim YC. Effects of sappanchalcone on the cytoprotection and anti-inflammation via heme oxygenase-1 in human pulp and periodontal ligament cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 644:230-7. [PMID: 20621084 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Revised: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Sappanchalcone has been demonstrated to possess several biological effects. However, the molecular mechanism underlying these effects is not fully understood. In this study, we examined the effects of sappanchalcone on hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))-induced cytotoxicity using human dental pulp (HDP) cells, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation using human periodontal ligament (HPDL) cells. Sappanchalone concentration proportionately increased heme oxygenase (HO)-1 protein expression and enzyme activity in both HDP and HPDL cells. It also protected HDP cells from H(2)O(2)-induced cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species production. The cytoprotective effect of sappanchalcone was nullified by HO-1 inhibitor, Tin protoporphyrin (SnPP). Sappanchalcone is seen to inhibit LPS-stimulated nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), interlukine-1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interlukine-6 (IL-6) and interlukine-12 (IL-12) release in addition to inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in HPDL cells. SnPP, a specific inhibitor of HO-1, partly blocked sappanchalcone mediated suppression of inflammatory mediator production, in LPS-stimulated HPDL cells. HDP and HPDL cells treated with sappanchalcone exhibited the transient activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2). The expression of HO-1 protein by sappanchalcone was significantly reduced by pretreatment with JNK inhibitor. In conclusion, induction of HO-1 is an important cytoprotective mechanism by which sappanchalcone protects HDP cells from H(2)O(2) and in addition it also exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated HPDL cells. Thus, sappanchalcone could potentially be a therapeutic approach for periodontal, pulpal and periapical inflammatory lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil-Saeng Jeong
- Zoonosis Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, South Korea
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Lee MJ, Lee HS, Kim H, Yi HS, Park SD, Moon HI, Park WH. RETRACTED: Antioxidant properties of benzylchroman derivatives from Caesalpinia sappan L. against oxidative stress evaluated in vitro. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2010; 25:608-14. [DOI: 10.3109/14756360903373376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ja Lee
- Cardiovascular Medical Research Center and Department of Diagnostics
| | - Hye-Sook Lee
- Cardiovascular Medical Research Center and Department of Diagnostics
| | - Hyuck Kim
- Cardiovascular Medical Research Center and Department of Diagnostics
| | - Hyo-Seung Yi
- Department of Prescriptionology, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeong-Ju, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Dong Park
- Department of Prescriptionology, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeong-Ju, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-In Moon
- Cardiovascular Medical Research Center and Department of Diagnostics
| | - Won-Hwan Park
- Cardiovascular Medical Research Center and Department of Diagnostics
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Sasaki Y, Suzuki M, Matsumoto T, Hosokawa T, Kobayashi T, Kamata K, Nagumo S. Vasorelaxant Activity of Sappan Lignum Constituents and Extracts on Rat Aorta and Mesenteric Artery. Biol Pharm Bull 2010; 33:1555-60. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.33.1555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Sasaki
- Department of Medicinal Plant Sciences, Hoshi University
| | - Maemi Suzuki
- Department of Medicinal Plant Sciences, Hoshi University
| | - Takayuki Matsumoto
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University
| | | | - Tsuneo Kobayashi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University
| | - Katsuo Kamata
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University
| | - Seiji Nagumo
- Department of Medicinal Plant Sciences, Hoshi University
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