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Zhao Y, Zhao N, Kollie L, Yang D, Zhang X, Zhang H, Liang Z. Sasanquasaponin from Camellia oleifera Abel Exerts an Anti-Inflammatory Effect in RAW 264.7 Cells via Inhibition of the NF-κB/MAPK Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2149. [PMID: 38396824 PMCID: PMC10889153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Sasanquasaponin (SQS), a secondary metabolite that is derived from Camellia seeds, reportedly possesses notable biological properties. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of SQS and its underlying mechanisms remain poorly explored. Herein, we aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of SQS against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells, focusing on the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and MAPK signaling pathways. SQS was isolated using a deep eutectic solvent and D101 macroporous adsorption resin and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. The viability of LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 was assessed using the CCK-8 assay. The presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was evaluated using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein-diacetate. The expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were detected using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and ELISA. Western blot was performed to analyze the protein expression of LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Herein, SQS exhibited anti-inflammatory activity: 30 μg/mL of SQS significantly reduced ROS generation, inhibited the LPS-induced expression of iNOS and COX-2, and attenuated the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. The anti-inflammatory activity was potentially mediated by inhibiting the phosphorylation of IκBα and p65 in the NF-κB signaling pathway and the phosphorylation of ERK and JNK in the MAPK signaling pathway. Accordingly, SQS could inhibit inflammation in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells by suppressing the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. This study demonstrated the potential application of SQS as an anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Haihua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (Y.Z.); (N.Z.); (L.K.); (D.Y.); (X.Z.)
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (Y.Z.); (N.Z.); (L.K.); (D.Y.); (X.Z.)
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Composition, bioactive substances, extraction technologies and the influences on characteristics of Camellia oleifera oil: A review. Food Res Int 2022; 156:111159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Recent advances in Camellia oleifera Abel: A review of nutritional constituents, biofunctional properties, and potential industrial applications. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Abstract
Phytotherapy, or herbalism, is defined as the usage of plants or herbs as medication to treat or prevent diseases in human and animals. The usage is gaining more attention among medical practitioners as well as large-scale livestock producers. A number of reports have shown the positive effects of herbal extracts as an antiviral agent used in animal feed or as a prophylaxis and remedy. Besides being a cheaper and safer alternative, the use of herbs may reduce the incidence of drug resistance and may modulate the immune system in preventing viral-related diseases. In this chapter, the antiviral effects of several herbs and their extracts against viruses in terms of the mechanism of action in targeting viral replication steps, the effects in the host and the application in animals will be discussed. The information given may aid in improving the health and increase the production of animals.
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Chiang SS, Hsu FL, Hsu CK, Liu CF, Chu CY. Role of Camellia brevistyla (Hayata) Coh. Stuart Seed Pomace Extract on Hypertension and Vascular Function in L-NAME-Treated Mice. J Food Sci 2019; 84:3555-3564. [PMID: 31721202 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Camellia brevistyla (Hayata) Coh. Stuart seeds are used to produce edible oil. The seed pomace is an agricultural waste, containing approximately 8% saponin, which has antihypertensive effects. Nω -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) can induce hypertension with no deficiency on mice. Here, we investigated the effects of ethanol extract from C. brevistyla seed pomace (CBPE) in L-NAME-induced hypertension mice. The results showed that all doses of CBPE significantly decreased systolic (117 ± 5-122 ± 5 mmHg) and diastolic (72 ± 16-77 ± 8 mmHg) blood pressure, aortic intima media thickness (48 ± 5-53 ± 5 µm), and also reduced the MDA adduct and protein carbonyl levels in the liver (101 ± 19-114 ± 17 ρmol/mL and 4.8 - 5.2 nmol/mg) compared to those observed in the L-NAME group (140 ± 3 and 95 ± 8 mmHg, 65 ± 10 µm, 145 ± 25 ρmol/mL, and 7.8 nmol/mg; P < 0.05). These results suggest that CBPE has profitable antihypertensive properties which are preventing aorta remodeling and reducing liver oxidative stress in hypertensive mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Shih Chiang
- Dept. of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing Univ., 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Lan Hsu
- Forest Chemistry Division, Taiwan Forestry Research Inst., Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, No. 53, Nanhai Rd., Zhongzheng Dist., Taipei, 10066, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Kai Hsu
- Lienhuachih Research Center, Taiwan Forestry Research Inst., Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, No. 43, Hualong Ln. Yuchi Towaship, Nantou County, 55543, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Feng Liu
- Dept. of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing Univ., 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yeon Chu
- Master's Program of Green Energy Science and Technology, Feng Chia Univ., No. 100, Wenhwa Rd., Seatwen, Taichung, 40724, Taiwan.,Inst. of Green Products, Feng Chia Univ., No. 100, Wenhwa Rd., Seatwen, Taichung, 40724, Taiwan
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Xu Z, Li X, Feng S, Liu J, Zhou L, Yang R, Ding C. Antioxidant effect of hawk tea extracts on camellia oil oxidation during microwave heating. J Verbrauch Lebensm 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00003-018-1167-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Singh D, Chaudhuri PK. Structural characteristics, bioavailability and cardioprotective potential of saponins. Integr Med Res 2018; 7:33-43. [PMID: 29629289 PMCID: PMC5884006 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death, accounting about 31% deaths globally in 2012. The major risk factors causing cardiovascular diseases are coronary atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, myocardial infarction, and stroke. The dominating cause of cardiovascular diseases is accredited to our modern lifestyle and diet. Medicinal plants have been used for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases from centuries. The in built chirality and chemical space of natural products have been playing an important role in providing leads and templates for pharmacophore synthesis. This review highlights one of the important naturally occurring class saponins and their role in cardioprotection along with structural characteristics and pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, Ca2+ ion regulation, antiapoptotic, antiatherosclerosis, antihyperlipidemic, hypocholesterolemic, angiogenic, vasodilatory, and hypotensive. The characteristic cholesterol lowering, hemolytic, and anticoagulant properties of the saponins prompted us to select as one of the natural products class for cardioprotection. This review covers the most updated information on saponins related to their cardioprotective effects, mechanism of action, bioavailability, and structure activity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Singh
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP-CSIR), Lucknow, India
| | - Prabir Kumar Chaudhuri
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP-CSIR), Lucknow, India
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Cytotoxic and Hypoglycemic Activity of Triterpenoid Saponins from Camellia oleifera Abel. Seed Pomace. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101562. [PMID: 28934101 PMCID: PMC6151584 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
One new and three known triterpenoid saponins were isolated and identified from Camellia oleifera seeds through IR, NMR, HR-ESI-MS and GC-MS spectroscopic methods, namely oleiferasaponin A₃, oleiferasaponin A₁, camelliasaponin B₁, and camelliasaponin B₂. The structure of oleiferasaponin A₃ was elucidated as 16α-hydroxy-21β-O-angeloyl-22α-O-cinnamoyl-23α-aldehyde-28-dihydroxymethylene-olean-12-ene-3β-O-[β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)]-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-d-gluco-pyranosiduronic acid. Camelliasaponin B₁ and camelliasaponin B₂ exhibited potent cytotoxic activity on three human tumour cell lines (human lung tumour cells (A549), human liver tumour cells (HepG2), cervical tumour cells (Hela)). The hypoglycemic activity of oleiferasaponin A₁ was testified by protecting pancreatic β-cell lines from high-glucose damage.
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Liao Z, He H, Zeng G, Liu D, Tang L, Yin D, Chen D, He M. Delayed protection of Ferulic acid in isolated hearts and cardiomyocytes: Upregulation of heat-shock protein 70 via NO-ERK1/2 pathway. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Qiu LY, Chen HP, Yan YF, Li YY, Wang H, Liao ZP, Huang QR. Sasanquasaponin promotes cellular chloride efflux and elicits cardioprotection via the PKCε pathway. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:3597-603. [PMID: 26956211 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sasanquasaponin (SQS) is an active component of Camellia oleifera Abel. A recent study by our group demonstrated that SQS was able to inhibit ischemia/reperfusion‑induced elevation of the intracellular chloride ion concentration ([Cl‑]i) and exerted cardioprotective effects; however, the underlying intracellular signal transduction mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. As protein kinase C ε (PKCε) is able to mediate Cl‑ homeostasis, the present study investigated its possible involvement in the effects of SQS on cardiomyocytes subjected to ischemia/reperfusion injury. Cardiomyocytes were pre‑treated with or without SQS or SQS plus εV1‑2, a selective PKCε inhibitor, followed by simulated ischemia/reperfusion (sI/R). The effects on cell viability, PKCε phosphorylation levels, [Cl‑]i, mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were assessed using an MTS assay, western blot analysis, colorimetric assays and flow cytometry. The results revealed that treatment with SQS prior to sI/R increased the viability of cardiomyocytes, and efficiently attenuated lactate dehydrogenase and creatine phosphokinase release induced by sI/R. In addition, SQS promoted PKCε phosphorylation and inhibited sI/R‑induced elevation of [Cl‑]i, paralleled by the attenuation of mitochondrial membrane potential loss and ROS generation. However, when the cardiomyocytes were treated with εV1‑2 prior to SQS pre‑conditioning, the cardioprotection induced by SQS was reduced and the inhibitory effects of SQS on sI/R‑induced elevation of [Cl‑]i, production of ROS and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential were also attenuated. These findings indicated that SQS may inhibit sI/R‑induced elevation of [Cl‑]i through the PKCε signaling pathway to elicit cardioprotection in cultured cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yu Qiu
- The Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - He-Ping Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Feng Yan
- The Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Huan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zhang-Ping Liao
- The Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Ren Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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Liao Z, Liu D, Tang L, Yin D, Yin S, Lai S, Yao J, He M. Long-term oral resveratrol intake provides nutritional preconditioning against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury: involvement of VDAC1 downregulation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:454-64. [PMID: 25488258 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE This study elucidates the effects of long-term nutritional preconditioning by resveratrol on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice were treated with resveratrol at 2.0 mg/kg/day by gastric gavages for 6 wk. Then hearts were isolated and subjected to I/R injury in a Langendorff apparatus. Resveratrol significantly improved left ventricular pressure, ±dp/dtmax, and coronary flow; decreased the lactate dehydrogenase and creatine phosphokinase activities; and reduced the infarction size. Additionally, long-term oral resveratrol intake prevented mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening and subsequently inhibited mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, as demonstrated by decrease of cytochrome c release, inactivation of caspase-3, and reduction of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling positive cells. Furthermore, resveratrol inhibited the upregulation of voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) expression induced by I/R injury. Local left-ventricle overexpression of VDAC1 by adenovirus diminished the protective effect of resveratrol against I/R injury, indicating that VDAC1 plays an important role in resveratrol-mediated cardioprotection. CONCLUSION Our data revealed that long-term oral intake of resveratrol sets nutritional preconditioning to cope with myocardial I/R injury. Strikingly, we found that resveratrol downregulates VDAC1, leading to prevention of mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening and cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangping Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, P. R. China; Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Therapeutics, Nanchang University School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang, P. R. China
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Li E, Sun N, Zhao JX, Sun YG, Huang JG, Lei HM, Guo JH, Hu YL, Wang WK, Li HQ. In vitro evaluation of antiviral activity of tea seed saponins against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Antivir Ther 2015; 20:743-52. [DOI: 10.3851/imp2937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Qualitative and quantitative analysis of triterpene saponins from tea seed pomace (Camellia oleifera Abel) and their activities against bacteria and fungi. Molecules 2014; 19:7568-80. [PMID: 24914901 PMCID: PMC6271494 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19067568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A method using LC-ESI-IT-TOF/MS and LC/UV-ELSD was established to qualitatively analyze triterpene saponins obtained from the tea seed pomace (Camellia oleifera Abel). In addition, the quantitative analysis of oleiferasaponin A1 using LC/UV was developed. The purified total saponins did not exhibit any inhibitory effects at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10 mg/mL against the tested bacteria, except for Staphyloccocus aureus and Escherichia coli. By contrast, higher inhibitory activity was seen against the tested fungi, especially against Bipolaris maydis. Following treatment with an MIC value of 250 μg/mL for 24 h, the mycelial morphology was markedly shriveled in appearance or showed flattened and empty hyphae, with fractured cell walls, ruptured plasmalemma and cytoplasmic coagulation or leakage. These structural changes hindered the growth of mycelia.
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Cardioprotective Effects of Quercetin in Cardiomyocyte under Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:364519. [PMID: 23573126 PMCID: PMC3612448 DOI: 10.1155/2013/364519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin, a polyphenolic compound existing in many vegetables, fruits, has antiinflammatory, antiproliferation, and antioxidant effect on mammalian cells. Quercetin was evaluated for protecting cardiomyocytes from ischemia/reperfusion injury, but its protective mechanism remains unclear in the current study. The cardioprotective effects of quercetin are achieved by reducing the activity of Src kinase, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), caspase 9, Bax, intracellular reactive oxygen species production, and inflammatory factor and inducible MnSOD expression. Fluorescence two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) can reveal the differentially expressed proteins of H9C2 cells treated with H2O2 or quercetin. Although 17 identified proteins were altered in H2O2-induced cells, these proteins such as alpha-soluble NSF attachment protein (α-SNAP), Ena/VASP-like protein (Evl), and isopentenyl-diphosphate delta-isomerase 1 (Idi-1) were reverted by pretreatment with quercetin, which correlates with kinase activation, DNA repair, lipid, and protein metabolism. Quercetin dephosphorylates Src kinase in H2O2-induced H9C2 cells and likely blocks the H2O2-induced inflammatory response through STAT3 kinase modulation. This probably contributes to prevent ischemia/reperfusion injury in cardiomyocytes.
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Zhang XF, Han YY, Bao GH, Ling TJ, Zhang L, Gao LP, Xia T. A new saponin from tea seed pomace (Camellia oleifera Abel) and its protective effect on PC12 cells. Molecules 2012; 17:11721-8. [PMID: 23027372 PMCID: PMC6268113 DOI: 10.3390/molecules171011721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A new triterpenoid saponin, oleiferasaponin A₁, was isolated from tea seed pomace (Camellia oleifera Abel). The structure of oleiferasaponin A₁ was elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence and was found to be 22-O-cis-2-hexenoyl-A₁-barrigenol 3-O-[β-D-galactopyranosyl(1→2)] [β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl(1→3)]-β-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid. PC12 cells injured with H₂O₂ were used as the model to test the protective effects of oleiferasaponin A₁. The results indicated that oleiferasaponin A₁ can potentially prevent the H₂O₂-induced cell death of PC12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Fu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (X.-F.Z.); (Y.-Y.H.); (G.-H.B.); (T.-J.L.); (L.Z.)
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Ying-Ying Han
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (X.-F.Z.); (Y.-Y.H.); (G.-H.B.); (T.-J.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Guan-Hu Bao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (X.-F.Z.); (Y.-Y.H.); (G.-H.B.); (T.-J.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Tie-Jun Ling
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (X.-F.Z.); (Y.-Y.H.); (G.-H.B.); (T.-J.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Liang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (X.-F.Z.); (Y.-Y.H.); (G.-H.B.); (T.-J.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Li-Ping Gao
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China;
| | - Tao Xia
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (X.-F.Z.); (Y.-Y.H.); (G.-H.B.); (T.-J.L.); (L.Z.)
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Chen HP, He M, Mei ZJ, Huang QR, Huang M. Sasanquasaponin up-regulates anion exchanger 3 expression and elicits cardioprotection via NO/RAS/ERK1/2 pathway. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2012; 90:873-80. [PMID: 22693949 DOI: 10.1139/y2012-072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have shown recently that sasanquasaponin (SQS) can inhibit ischemia/reperfusion-induced elevation of intracellular Cl(-) concentration ([Cl(-)](i)) and elicit cardioprotection by up-regulating anion exchanger 3 (AE(3)) expression. In the present study, we futher analysed the intracellular signal transduction pathways by which SQS up-regulates AE(3) expression and elicits cardioprotection. Cardiomyocytes were incubated for 24 h with or without 10 µmol/L SQS, followed by simulated ischemia/reperfusion (sI/R). NO formation, Ras activity, and extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation were measured appropriately. We showed that SQS pretreatment efficiently attenuated viability loss and lactate dehydrogenase leakage induced by sI/R in cardiomyocytes. Moreover, SQS induced NO production and promoted Ras activation, which futher promoted extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation. These effects were paralleled by an increase in AE(3) expression. However, when the cardiomyocytes were treated with 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-l-oxyl-3-oxide (c-PTIO; an NO scavenger), S-trans-trans-farnesylthiosalicylic acid (FTS) (a Ras inhibitor), U0126 (an ERK1/2 inhibitor), respectively, the increase in AE(3) expression occurring during SQS pretreatment was almost completely abolished and, as a result, SQS-induced cardioprotection was prevented. Our findings indicate that SQS might up-regulate AE(3) expression through NO/Ras/ERK1/2 signal pathway to elicit cardioprotection in cultured cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Ping Chen
- Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Therapeutics, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, PR China
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Li X, Arslan F, Ren Y, Adav SS, Poh KK, Sorokin V, Lee CN, de Kleijn D, Lim SK, Sze SK. Metabolic adaptation to a disruption in oxygen supply during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion is underpinned by temporal and quantitative changes in the cardiac proteome. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:2331-46. [PMID: 22352837 DOI: 10.1021/pr201025m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite decades of intensive research, there is still no effective treatment for ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, an important corollary in the treatment of ischemic disease. I/R injury is initiated when the altered biochemistry of cells after ischemia is no longer compatible with oxygenated microenvironment (or reperfusion). To better understand the molecular basis of this alteration and subsequent incompatibility, we assessed the temporal and quantitative alterations in the cardiac proteome of a mouse cardiac I/R model by an iTRAQ approach at 30 min of ischemia, and at 60 or 120 min reperfusion after the ischemia using sham-operated mouse heart as the baseline control. Of the 509 quantified proteins identified, 121 proteins exhibited significant changes (p-value<0.05) over time and were mostly clustered in eight functional groups: Fatty acid oxidation, Glycolysis, TCA cycle, ETC (electron transport chain), Redox Homeostasis, Glutathione S-transferase, Apoptosis related, and Heat Shock proteins. The first four groups are intimately involved in ATP production and the last four groups are known to be important in cellular antioxidant activity. During ischemia and reperfusion, the short supply of oxygen precipitates a pivotal metabolic switch from aerobic metabolism involving fatty acid oxidation, TCA, and phosphorylation to anaerobic metabolism for ATP production and this, in turn, increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. Therefore the implication of these 8 functional groups suggested that ischemia-reperfusion injury is underpinned in part by proteomic alterations. Reversion of these alterations to preischemia levels took at least 60 min, suggesting a refractory period in which the ischemic cells cannot adjust to the presence of oxygen. Therefore, therapeutics that could compensate for these proteomic alterations during this interim refractory period could alleviate ischemia-reperfusion injury to enhance cellular recovery from an ischemic to a normoxic microenvironment. Among the perturbed proteins, Park7 and Ppia were selected for further investigation of their functions under hypoxia. The results show that Park7 plays a key role in regulating antioxidative stress and cell survival, and Ppia may function in coping with the unfolded protein stress in the I/R condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551
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Zhang Y, Chen Q, Luo X, Dai T, Lu B, Shen J. Mutagenicity and safety evaluation of the water extract of Camellia oleifera Abel. J Food Sci 2011; 76:T84-9. [PMID: 21535866 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02101.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mutagenicity and safety of water extract of the fruit hull of Camellia oleifera Abel (WECO), which was prepared using hot-reflux method. The oral maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of WECO was above 20 g/kg body weight both in rats and in mice, which can be regarded as virtually nontoxic. No mutagenicity was found in Ames test, mouse bone marrow cell micronucleus test and mouse sperm abnormality test. In the subacute study, the SD rats were administered orally at 0.5, 1, or 2 g/kg/BW for 30 d. There were no treatment-related toxic effects from WECO. No significant differences were found in parameters of body weight, hematology value, clinical chemistry value, and organ/body weight ratio. The level of no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for WECO was 2 g/kg/BW for subacute toxicity study. PRACTICAL APPLICATION With the gradual increase in tea oil production, it was in urgent need of dealing with Camellia fruit hull, which was always discarded because of low economic benefits. Camellia fruit hull has been shown to have significant antioxidant effects including DPPH radical-scavenging ability and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (Zhang and others 2010). Toxicological evaluation of WECO provided a safety assurance of WECO for developing dietary supplements and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Food Science, School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hanzhou 310029, China
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Xia W, Sun C, Zhao Y, Wu L. Hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of sanchi (radix notoginseng) in rats fed with a high fat diet. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 18:516-520. [PMID: 21036582 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Revised: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 09/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Sanchi, also known as radix notoginseng, is a Chinese traditional medicine prepared from roots of the herb Panax notoginseng. Sanchi is traditionally used as a hemostatic to control internal and external bleeding but also shows diverse bioactivities that include increasing coronary blood flow and reducing myocardial oxygen consumption and blood pressure. Although research into the potential cardioprotective effects of sanchi is ongoing in the field of traditional Chinese medicine, we sought to explore potential benefits in cardiovascular disorders associated with excess cholesterol and hyperlipidemia. We have investigated the effects of sanchi as a dietary supplement on hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress in male Sprague-Dawley rats maintained on a high-fat diet. Diets were supplemented with sanchi at 0.25%, 0.5% and 1% (w/w) for four weeks, while control animals received no supplement. Sanchi administration to hyperlipidemic rats resulted in a significant decline in serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, with an increase in serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels. Treated animals also showed reduced levels of hepatic HMG-CoA reductase. Furthermore, sanchi improved hepatic antioxidant status as assessed by superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities and reduced levels of lipid peroxidation. These results suggest that sanchi consumption can improve lipid profiles, inhibit peroxidation, and increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and is thereby likely to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease associated with hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xia
- Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150081, China
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Zhang XW, Li WF, Li WW, Ren KH, Fan CM, Chen YY, Shen YL. Protective effects of the aqueous extract of Scutellaria baicalensis against acrolein-induced oxidative stress in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2011; 49:256-261. [PMID: 20979538 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2010.501803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Labiatae) (SbG), one of the fifty fundamental herbs of Chinese herbology, has been reported to have anti-asthmatic, antifungal, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory activities. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to determine the protective effects of the extract of SbG against the acrolein-induced oxidative stress in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). MATERIALS AND METHODS The MTT reduction assay was employed to determine cell viability. The total cellular glutathione (GSH) level was detected using a colorimetric GSH assay kit. Cellular GSH production was conducted by detecting the mRNA expression levels of γ-glutamylcysteine ligase catalytic subunit and modifier subunit. RESULTS Concentration-dependent cytotoxic effects of acrolein were observed while SbG could effectively protect the acrolein-induced oxidative damage. The protective mechanism was investigated, showing that the increased GSH content in the SbG-incubated HUVE cells was associated with the protective effects of SbG-treated cells. Further RT-PCR data confirmed the elevated mRNA expressions of GSH synthesis enzymes. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The current study strongly indicated that SbG could be a potential antioxidant against oxidative stress in treating cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Wei Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou
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