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Wang P, Liu XL, Jiang ZZ, Long Y, Gao CL, Huang W, Tan XZ, Ma XM, Xu Y. Effect of proanthocyanidins on blood lipids: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytother Res 2024; 38:2154-2164. [PMID: 38391003 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PCs) are natural antioxidant polyphenols and their effect on the regulation of blood lipids is still controversial. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of PCs on lipid metabolism. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Chinese biomedical literature service system, China National Knowledge Internet, and Wanfang Data with no time restriction until March 18, 2022, using various forms of "proanthocyanidins" and "blood lipid" search terms. Randomized controlled trials investigating the relationship between PCs and lipid metabolism were included. The standard system of Cochrane Collaboration was used to assess the quality of studies. We standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) using the random-effects model, Cohen approach. Seventeen studies (17 trials, N = 1138) fulfilled the eligibility criteria. PCs significantly reduced triglyceride, and increased recombinant apolipoprotein A1. Subgroup analysis showed a significant reduction in triglycerides in older adults (≥60 years) and total cholesterol for participants who were not overweight or obese (body mass index <24). An intervention duration of greater than 8 weeks reduced triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels but increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Different doses of PCs could regulate triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol. PCs have beneficial effects on circulating lipids and may represent a new approach for treating or preventing lipid metabolism disorders. However, more high-quality studies are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, PR China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, PR China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, PR China
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, PR China
| | - Xue Lian Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, PR China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, PR China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, PR China
- Sichuan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mianyang, PR China
| | - Zong Zhe Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, PR China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, PR China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, PR China
| | - Yang Long
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, PR China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, PR China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, PR China
| | - Chen Lin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, PR China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, PR China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, PR China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, PR China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, PR China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, PR China
| | - Xiao Zhen Tan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, PR China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, PR China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, PR China
| | - Xiu Mei Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, PR China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, PR China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, PR China
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, PR China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, PR China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, PR China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, PR China
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, PR China
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Yousefi R, Parandoosh M, Khorsandi H, Hosseinzadeh N, Madani Tonekaboni M, Saidpour A, Babaei H, Ghorbani A. Grape seed extract supplementation along with a restricted-calorie diet improves cardiovascular risk factors in obese or overweight adult individuals: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Phytother Res 2020; 35:987-995. [PMID: 33044768 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Grape seed extract (GSE) is a flavonoid-rich supplement, recently discussed as a potential moderator of inflammation and obesity. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of GSE supplementation along with a restricted-calorie diet (RCD), on changes in blood lipid profile, visceral adiposity index (VAI), and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP). We designed a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Forty obese or overweight individuals (25 ≤ body mass index < 40 kg/m2 ) were randomly assigned to receive GSE (300 mg/day) or placebo, plus RCD, for 12 weeks. We studied the anthropometric measures, biochemical biomarkers and dietary intake within the study timelines. Levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and HDL-C/low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) significantly increased in the GSE group as compared with the placebo group at week 12 (p = .03 and .008, respectively, adjusted for age, sex, energy and saturated fatty acid intake). We also observed a significant reduction in LDL-C following GSE supplementation in comparison to placebo (adjusted for age, sex and energy intake, p = .04). VAI, AIP, total cholesterol and triglyceride significantly decreased in the GSE group compared with the baseline (p = .04, .02, .01, and .02, respectively). GSE supplementation may have a modulatory role in improving blood lipid profile in obese or overweight individuals, when accompanied by RCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Yousefi
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, and Montréal Behavioural Medicine Centre, CIUSSS-NIM, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maryam Parandoosh
- Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hoda Khorsandi
- Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Hosseinzadeh
- Faculty of Biostatistics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Atoosa Saidpour
- Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Babaei
- Drug Applied Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Arman Ghorbani
- Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Venturelli A, Brighenti V, Mascolo D, Pellati F. A new strategy based on microwave-assisted technology for the extraction and purification of beeswax policosanols for pharmaceutical purposes and beyond. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 172:200-205. [PMID: 31060032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Policosanols (PCs) are a mixture of long chain primary aliphatic alcohols mainly known for their ability to reduce cholesterol level. Due to this property, there is an increasing interest in the extraction process of these compounds. In this context, beeswax, a natural product produced by honey bees of the genus Apis, is a promising source for their extraction and purification. The present research work was aimed at the development of a new procedure for the extraction and purification of PCs from yellow beeswax by using microwave-assisted technology, which hitherto has never been applied to this mixture. The developed process comprises three main steps: 1) microwave-assisted trans-esterification; 2) microwave-assisted hydrolysis; 3) final purification by means of preparative liquid chromatography. The final step is responsible for the increased purity of PCs, thanks to the removal of undesired compounds, such as natural paraffins. The predominant alcohols investigated in this work are tetracosanol (C24OH), hexacosanol (C26OH), octacosanol (C28OH), triacontanol (C30OH) and dotriacontanol (C32OH). Compound identification was performed using GC-EI-MS, while GC-FID analysis was chosen for the quantification of the main fatty alcohols present in the product. This new method represents a useful tool for the production of PCs from beeswax to be used in pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals for human use, feed and veterinary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Virginia Brighenti
- Tydock Pharma s.r.l., Strada Gherbella, 294, 41126, Modena, Italy; Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Danilo Mascolo
- Confindustria Emilia-Romagna, Via Barberia 13, 40123, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Pellati
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy.
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Effects of High Consumption of Vegetables on Clinical, Immunological, and Antioxidant Markers in Subjects at Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:5417165. [PMID: 30402206 PMCID: PMC6196889 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5417165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
High intakes of vegetables have been associated with a lower incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, the effect of vegetables on immune function and antioxidant status in human studies have provided contrasting results. In the present study, after a week of run-in period, 38 subjects at risk of CVD were randomly assigned to one of the following 4-week interventions: low vegetable consumption (800 g of vegetables/week) or high vegetable consumption (4200 g of vegetables/week). Vegetables included carrots, topinambur (Jerusalem artichoke, Helianthus tuberosus), tomatoes, red cabbage, and sweet peppers. Blood and salivary samples were collected before and after intervention periods. In addition to clinical, immunological, and antioxidant markers, leukocyte and lymphocyte expression of the gut-homing β7 integrin was evaluated. No significant changes were detected in clinical, immunological, and antioxidant markers in biological samples, except for an increase in white blood cell count for the low vegetable consumption group (p < 0.05). The study provides additional evidence about the uncertainty of providing a clear evidence for vegetables in modulating markers of immune function and antioxidant status. Further studies are needed in order to unravel the mechanism of effect of vegetable consumption in cardiovascular prevention.
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Serafini M, Peluso I. Functional Foods for Health: The Interrelated Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Role of Fruits, Vegetables, Herbs, Spices and Cocoa in Humans. Curr Pharm Des 2016; 22:6701-6715. [PMID: 27881064 PMCID: PMC5427773 DOI: 10.2174/1381612823666161123094235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The health benefits of plant food-based diets could be related to both integrated antioxidant and antiinflammatory mechanisms exerted by a wide array of phytochemicals present in fruit, vegetables, herbs and spices. Therefore, there is mounting interest in identifying foods, food extracts and phytochemical formulations from plant sources which are able to efficiently modulate oxidative and inflammatory stress to prevent diet-related diseases. This paper reviews available evidence about the effect of supplementation with selected fruits, vegetables, herbs, spices and their extracts or galenic formulation on combined markers of redox and inflammatory status in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Serafini
- Functional Foods and Metabolic Stress Prevention Laboratory, Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Peluso
- Functional Foods and Metabolic Stress Prevention Laboratory, Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Rome, Italy
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Effects of Passiflora nitida Kunth leaf extract on digestive enzymes and high caloric diet in rats. J Nat Med 2014; 68:316-25. [PMID: 24078292 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-013-0800-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated inhibition of pancreatic lipase and metabolic effects of high caloric diet in rats. The Passiflora nitida hydroethanol leaf extract (PNE) was used in in vitro assays or administered to rats to study dyslipidemia. Inhibition of lipase in vitro was studied by a spectrophotometric assay using orlistat as the positive control. The effects of PNE on reduction of postprandial triglyceride were studied by oral fat-overloading in rats. Metabolic alterations were induced using the cafeteria diet and 4 weeks post-treatment with PNE or orlistat and blood samples were collected and biochemical analyses were performed. Liver and retroperitoneal fat tissues were obtained to analyze weight and steatosis. IC50 (lg/mL) values for pancreatic lipase inhibition were 21.2 ± 0.8 and 0.1 ± 0.01 for PNE and orlistat, respectively. Oral administration of lipid emulsion resulted in postprandial hypertriglyceridemia at 3 h postadministration and when rats were then administered PNE and orlistat there was decreased of triglyceride levels by 15 % compared to control. Although the energy consumption by the cafeteria diet had been higher, there was no significant weight gain observed in the study groups. The cafeteria diet resulted in a significant increase of weight in the retroperitoneal fat and hypertriglyceridemia levels that could be significantly reduced by PNE and orlistat treatment. We hypothesized that PNE administration prevented the hypertriglyceridemia in rats with a high caloric diet, possibly owing to reduction of lipid absorption and pancreatic lipase inhibition.
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Wang H, Chen G, Ren D, Yang ST. Hypolipidemic activity of okra is mediated through inhibition of lipogenesis and upregulation of cholesterol degradation. Phytother Res 2013; 28:268-73. [PMID: 23606408 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the hypolipidemic activity of okra; therefore, we investigated the hypolipidemic activity of okra and its interaction with gene expression of several key components involved in lipid homeostasis. Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups and fed with hyperlipidemic diet or two hyperlipidemic diets supplemented with 1% or 2% okra powder for eight weeks. Results demonstrated that okra dose-dependently decreased serum and hepatic total cholesterol and triglyceride, and enhanced fecal excretion of bile acids. Gene expression analysis revealed that okra upregulated cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) expression, downregulated expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP1c) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), with no effect on sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR), low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1A (CPT1A). It was suggested that hypolipidemic activity of okra was mediated most likely by upregulation of cholesterol degradation through CYP7A1 and by inhibition of lipogenesis through SREBP1c and FAS. Okra raw and fractionated polysaccharide showed strong bile acid binding capacity in vitro, which may contribute to the hypolipidemic activity observed. In conclusion, okra has potential application in the management of hyperlipidemia and its associated metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, 510641, Guangzhou, China
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