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Lemesheva V, Islamova R, Stepchenkova E, Shenfeld A, Birkemeyer C, Tarakhovskaya E. Antibacterial, Antifungal and Algicidal Activity of Phlorotannins, as Principal Biologically Active Components of Ten Species of Brown Algae. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:821. [PMID: 36840169 PMCID: PMC9966351 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Marine seaweeds synthesize a plethora of bioactive metabolites, of which phlorotannins of brown algae currently attract special attention due to their high antibiotic and cytotoxic capacities. Here we measured the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of several semi-purified phlorotannin preparations of different origins and molecular composition using a set of model unicellular organisms, such as Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, etc. For the first time, MIC values were evaluated for phlorotannin-enriched extracts of brown algae of the orders Ectocarpales and Desmarestiales. Phlorotannin extracts of Desmarestia aculeata, Fucus vesiculosus, and Ectocarpus siliculosus showed the lowest MIC values against most of the treated organisms (4-25 μg/mL for bacteria and yeast). Analysis of the survival curves of E. coli showed that massive loss of cells started after 3-4 h of exposure. Microalgae were less susceptible to activity of phlorotannin extracts, with the highest MIC values (≥200 µg/mL) measured for Chlorella vulgaris cells. D. aculeata, E. siliculosus, and three fucalean algae accumulate considerable amounts (4-16% of dry weight) of phlorotannins with MIC values similar to those widely used antibiotics. As these species grow abundantly in polar and temperate seas and have considerable biomass, they may be regarded as promising sources of phlorotannins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriya Lemesheva
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab., 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Renata Islamova
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab., 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena Stepchenkova
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab., 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Saint Petersburg Branch, Russian Academy of Science, Universitetskaya nab., 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Aleksandr Shenfeld
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab., 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Saint Petersburg Branch, Russian Academy of Science, Universitetskaya nab., 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Claudia Birkemeyer
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, University of Leipzig, Linnestr. 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elena Tarakhovskaya
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab., 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Saint Petersburg Branch, Russian Academy of Science, Universitetskaya nab., 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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2
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Shen D, Duan S, Hu Y, Liang J, Tang Y. Antibacterial activity and synergistic antibiotic mechanism of trialdehyde phloroglucinol against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Phytother Res 2023; 37:490-504. [PMID: 36161387 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a critical global concern. Identifying new anti-S. aureus agents or therapeutic strategies are urgently needed to treat S. aureus infection. The present study investigated the antibacterial activity of 16 phenolic compounds against MRSA, four of which exhibited antibacterial activity. Their antibacterial activities increased in a dose-dependent manner but showed different responses with the extension of treatment time. Trialdehyde phloroglucinol (TPG) and 2-nitrophloroglucinol (NPG) maintained stable antibacterial activity; however, that of dichlorophenol and myricetin decreased rapidly over 24 hr of treatment. Checkerboard and time-kill assays indicated that TPG and NPG exhibited strong synergistic antibacterial activities with penicillin or bacitracin. Microscopic observation and membrane integrity analysis showed that the combination of TPG and penicillin destroyed the MRSA cell membrane, resulting in the leakage of intracellular biomacromolecules, marked changes in surface zeta potential, and the collapse of membrane potential. Moreover, the combination significantly decreased penicillinase activity and penicillin-binding protein 2a mRNA expression, inhibiting MRSA growth. Taken together, these results demonstrated that the combination of the phloroglucinol derivative TPG and penicillin has significant synergistic anti-MRSA activity and can serve as a potential therapeutic strategy to treat MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingyi Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songpo Duan
- College of Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhan Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jintong Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youzhi Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Herman A, Herman AP. Herbal Products and Their Active Constituents Used Alone and in Combination with Antibiotics against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria. PLANTA MEDICA 2023; 89:168-182. [PMID: 35995069 DOI: 10.1055/a-1890-5559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge acquired on herbal products and their active constituents with antimicrobial activity used alone and in combination with antibiotics against multidrug-resistant bacteria. The most promising herbal products and active constituents used alone against multidrug-resistant bacteria are Piper betle (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), Glycyrrhiza glabra (methicillin-resistant S. aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, P. aeruginosa), and berberine (methicillin-resistant S. aureus, A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa), respectively. The synergistic effect of the combination of herbal products and their active constituents with antibiotics against multidrug-resistant bacteria are also described. These natural antibacterial agents can be promising sources of inhibitors, which can modulate antibiotic activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria, especially as efflux pump inhibitors. Other possible mechanisms of action of herbal therapy against multidrug-resistant bacteria including modification of the bacterial cell wall and/or membrane, inhibition of the cell division protein filamenting temperature sensitive Z-ring, and inhibition of protein synthesis and gene expression, all of which will also be discussed. Our review suggests that combination herbal therapy and antibiotics can be effectively used to expand the spectrum of their antimicrobial action. Therefore, combination therapy against multidrug-resistant bacteria may enable new choices for the treatment of infectious diseases and represents a potential area for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Herman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Warsaw School of Engineering and Health, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej P Herman
- Department of Genetic Engineering, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jabłonna near Warsaw, Poland
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4
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Kim JM, Chung KS, Yoon YS, Jang SY, Heo SW, Park G, Jang YP, Ahn HS, Shin YK, Lee SH, Lee KT. Dieckol Isolated from Eisenia bicyclis Ameliorates Wrinkling and Improves Skin Hydration via MAPK/AP-1 and TGF-β/Smad Signaling Pathways in UVB-Irradiated Hairless Mice. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20120779. [PMID: 36547926 PMCID: PMC9785544 DOI: 10.3390/md20120779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Repetitive exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) is one of the main causes of skin photoaging. We previously reported that dieckol isolated from Eisenia bicyclis extract has potential anti-photoaging effects in UVB-irradiated Hs68 cells. Here, we aimed to evaluate the anti-photoaging activity of dieckol in a UVB-irradiated hairless mouse model. In this study, hairless mice were exposed to UVB for eight weeks. At the same time, dieckol at two doses (5 or 10 mg/kg) was administered orally three times a week. We found that dieckol suppressed UVB-induced collagen degradation and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-1, -3, and -9 expression by regulating transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)/Smad2/3 and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs)/activator protein-1 (AP-1) signaling. In addition, dieckol rescued the production of hyaluronic acid (HA) and effectively restored the mRNA expression of hyaluronan synthase (HAS)-1/-2 and hyaluronidase (HYAL)-1/-2 in UVB-irradiated hairless mice. We observed a significant reduction in transepidermal water loss (TEWL), epidermal/dermal thickness, and wrinkle formation in hairless mice administered dieckol. Based on these results, we suggest that dieckol, due to its anti-photoaging role, may be used as a nutricosmetic ingredient for improving skin health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Min Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sook Chung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Seo Yoon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Yun Jang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Won Heo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Geonha Park
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Pyo Jang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrated Drug Development and Natural Products, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Shin Ahn
- Department of New Material Development, COSMAXBIO, Seongnam 13486, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Kyong Shin
- Department of New Material Development, COSMAXBIO, Seongnam 13486, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Lee
- Department of New Material Development, COSMAXBIO, Seongnam 13486, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-9610860
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Olchowik-Grabarek E, Sękowski S, Kwiatek A, Płaczkiewicz J, Abdulladjanova N, Shlyonsky V, Swiecicka I, Zamaraeva M. The Structural Changes in the Membranes of Staphylococcus aureus Caused by Hydrolysable Tannins Witness Their Antibacterial Activity. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1124. [PMID: 36363679 PMCID: PMC9698758 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12111124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols, including tannins, are phytochemicals with pronounced antimicrobial properties. We studied the activity of two hydrolysable tannins, (i) gallotannin-1,2,3,4,5-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (PGG) and (ii) ellagitannin-1,2-di-O-galloyl-4,6-valoneoyl-β-D-glucose (dGVG), applied alone and in combination with antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus strain 8324-4. We also evaluated the effect of these tannins on bacterial membrane integrity and fluidity and studied their interaction with membrane proteins and lipids. A correlation between the antimicrobial activity of the tannins and their membranotropic action depending on the tannin molecular structure has been demonstrated. We found that the antibacterial activity of PGG was stronger than dGVG, which can be associated with its larger flexibility, dipole moment, and hydrophobicity. In addition, we also noted the membrane effects of the tannins observed as an increase in the size of released bacterial membrane vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Olchowik-Grabarek
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Szymon Sękowski
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kwiatek
- Department of Molecular Virology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jagoda Płaczkiewicz
- Department of Molecular Virology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
- International Centre for Translational Eye Research, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nodira Abdulladjanova
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100143, Uzbekistan
| | - Vadim Shlyonsky
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Izabela Swiecicka
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Maria Zamaraeva
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
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6
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Tahanzadeh N, Knop M, Seidler Y, Dirndorfer S, Lürsen K, Bruchhaus I, Lang R, Rimbach G, Roeder T. An aqueous extract of the brown alga Eisenia bicyclis extends lifespan in a sex-specific manner by interfering with the Tor-FoxO axis. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:6427-6448. [PMID: 35980274 PMCID: PMC9467403 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Food has a decisive influence on our health, to the extent where even lifespan can be directly affected by it. In the present work, we have examined the effects of an aqueous extract of the marine brown alga Eisenia bicyclis in terms of its potential to extend lifespan. For this purpose, we used the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster as a model. The experiments showed that small amounts of Eisenia extract can extend lifespan by up to 40%. This effect is not only related to the median but also to the maximum lifespan. Interestingly, this life-extending effect is sex-specific, i.e. it occurs exclusively in females. Even under stressful nutritional conditions such as a high sugar diet, this effect is detectable. Mechanistic studies showed that this life-prolonging effect depends on a functional Tor and a functional FoxO signaling pathway. It can be concluded that components of the Eisenia extract prolong lifespan by interacting with the Tor-FoxO axis. This study may serve to stimulate further investigations, which on the one hand show such a life-prolonging effect also in other organisms and on the other hand identify the substances responsible for this effect. Finally, it may also encourage the increased use of arame as a health-promoting food supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Tahanzadeh
- Kiel University, Department Molecular Physiology, Zoology, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mirjam Knop
- Kiel University, Department Molecular Physiology, Zoology, Kiel, Germany
| | - Yvonne Seidler
- Kiel University, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Kai Lürsen
- Kiel University, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Kiel, Germany
| | - Iris Bruchhaus
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, Department Parasitology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roman Lang
- Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology, TU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Kiel University, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Roeder
- Kiel University, Department Molecular Physiology, Zoology, Kiel, Germany
- DZL, German Center for Lung Research, ARCN, Airway Research Center North, Kiel, Germany
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Subbiah V, Xie C, Dunshea FR, Barrow CJ, Suleria HAR. The Quest for Phenolic Compounds from Seaweed: Nutrition, Biological Activities and Applications. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2094406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vigasini Subbiah
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Cundong Xie
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Frank R. Dunshea
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Colin J. Barrow
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia
| | - Hafiz A. R. Suleria
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Pradhan B, Nayak R, Bhuyan PP, Patra S, Behera C, Sahoo S, Ki JS, Quarta A, Ragusa A, Jena M. Algal Phlorotannins as Novel Antibacterial Agents with Reference to the Antioxidant Modulation: Current Advances and Future Directions. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:403. [PMID: 35736206 PMCID: PMC9228090 DOI: 10.3390/md20060403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing drug resistance of infectious microorganisms is considered a primary concern of global health care. The screening and identification of natural compounds with antibacterial properties have gained immense popularity in recent times. It has previously been shown that several bioactive compounds derived from marine algae exhibit antibacterial activity. Similarly, polyphenolic compounds are generally known to possess promising antibacterial capacity, among other capacities. Phlorotannins (PTs), an important group of algae-derived polyphenolic compounds, have been considered potent antibacterial agents both as single drug entities and in combination with commercially available antibacterial drugs. In this context, this article reviews the antibacterial properties of polyphenols in brown algae, with particular reference to PTs. Cell death through various molecular modes of action and the specific inhibition of biofilm formation by PTs were the key discussion of this review. The synergy between drugs was also discussed in light of the potential use of PTs as adjuvants in the pharmacological antibacterial treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajita Pradhan
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, Odisha, India; (B.P.); (R.N.); (C.B.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea;
| | - Rabindra Nayak
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, Odisha, India; (B.P.); (R.N.); (C.B.)
| | - Prajna Paramita Bhuyan
- Department of Botany, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University, Baripada 757003, Odisha, India;
| | - Srimanta Patra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India;
| | - Chhandashree Behera
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, Odisha, India; (B.P.); (R.N.); (C.B.)
| | - Sthitaprajna Sahoo
- Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Berhampur 760007, Odisha, India;
| | - Jang-Seu Ki
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea;
| | - Alessandra Quarta
- CNR-Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Andrea Ragusa
- CNR-Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Mrutyunjay Jena
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, Odisha, India; (B.P.); (R.N.); (C.B.)
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9
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Khan F, Jeong GJ, Khan MSA, Tabassum N, Kim YM. Seaweed-Derived Phlorotannins: A Review of Multiple Biological Roles and Action Mechanisms. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:384. [PMID: 35736187 PMCID: PMC9227776 DOI: 10.3390/md20060384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Phlorotannins are a group of phenolic secondary metabolites isolated from a variety of brown algal species belonging to the Fucaceae, Sargassaceae, and Alariaceae families. The isolation of phlorotannins from various algal species has received a lot of interest owing to the fact that they have a range of biological features and are very biocompatible in their applications. Phlorotannins have a wide range of therapeutic biological actions, including antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-adipogenesis, and numerous other biomedical applications. The current review has extensively addressed the application of phlorotannins, which have been extensively investigated for the above-mentioned biological action and the underlying mechanism of action. Furthermore, the current review offers many ways to use phlorotannins to avoid certain downsides, such as low stability. This review article will assist the scientific community in investigating the greater biological significance of phlorotannins and developing innovative techniques for treating both infectious and non-infectious diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazlurrahman Khan
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Geum-Jae Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea;
| | - Mohd Sajjad Ahmad Khan
- Department of Basic Sciences, Deanship of Preparatory Year and Supporting Studies, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nazia Tabassum
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea;
| | - Young-Mog Kim
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea;
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10
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Kumar LRG, Paul PT, Anas KK, Tejpal CS, Chatterjee NS, Anupama TK, Mathew S, Ravishankar CN. Phlorotannins-bioactivity and extraction perspectives. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY 2022; 34:2173-2185. [PMID: 35601997 PMCID: PMC9112266 DOI: 10.1007/s10811-022-02749-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Phlorotannins, a seaweed based class of polyphenolic compounds, have proven to possess potential bioactivities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-allergic, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancerous, neuroprotection etc. These bioactivities have further increased demand globally and sustainable techniques such as supercritical fluid extraction, microwave assisted extraction, enzyme assisted extraction, extraction using deep eutectic solvents etc. are being explored currently for production of phlorotannin-rich extracts. In spite of such well documented bioactivities, very few phlorotannin-based nutraceuticals are available commercially which highlights the significance of generating consumer awareness about their physiological benefits. However, for industry level commercialization accurate quantification of phlorotannins with respect to the different classes is vital requiring sophisticated analytical techniques such as mass spectrometry, 1H-NMR spectroscopy etc. owing to the wide structural diversity. This review summarizes the extraction and bioactivities of phlorotannins based on the findings of in vivo and in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lekshmi R. G. Kumar
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (CIFT), Cochin-29, Cochin, India
| | - Preethy Treesa Paul
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (CIFT), Cochin-29, Cochin, India
| | - K. K. Anas
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (CIFT), Cochin-29, Cochin, India
| | - C. S. Tejpal
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (CIFT), Cochin-29, Cochin, India
| | - N. S. Chatterjee
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (CIFT), Cochin-29, Cochin, India
| | - T. K. Anupama
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (CIFT), Veraval Research Centre, Veraval, India
| | - Suseela Mathew
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (CIFT), Cochin-29, Cochin, India
| | - C. N. Ravishankar
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (CIFT), Cochin-29, Cochin, India
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11
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In Vitro Antibacterial and Antifungal Potential of Amyrin-Type Triterpenoid Isolated from Datura metel Linnaeus. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:1543574. [PMID: 34589544 PMCID: PMC8476240 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1543574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the effect of the combined crude extract, fractions, and compound 1 isolated from the fruits of Datura metel against selected microbial (bacteria and fungi) strains. Results of antibacterial screening indicated marked susceptibility of the extract and its fractions against tested bacterial strains. Among the extract and various fractions, the chloroform fraction exhibited a significant effect against different bacterial strains including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis with an inhibitory zone ranging from 18 to 24 mm. Similarly, results of antifungal activity revealed that the chloroform fraction displays a promising effect against various fungal strains. The chloroform fraction was subjected to repeated chromatography analysis, which yielded compound 1 (daturaolone). Daturaolone exhibited potent activity against selected bacterial strains including Klebsiella pneumoniae, B. subtilis, S. epidermidis, and S. aureus with an inhibitory zone ranging from 12 to 30 mm. In addition, the extracts and daturaolone exhibited significant sensitivity against T. longifusus, C. albicans, A. flavus, M. canis, F. solani, and C. glabrata. Taken all together, it is concluded that our findings validated the traditional use of D. metel to treat various infectious diseases, which is supported by daturaolone.
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Shrestha S, Zhang W, Smid S. Phlorotannins: A review on biosynthesis, chemistry and bioactivity. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Amarante SJ, Catarino MD, Marçal C, Silva AMS, Ferreira R, Cardoso SM. Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Phlorotannins from Fucus vesiculosus. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E559. [PMID: 33203128 PMCID: PMC7697006 DOI: 10.3390/md18110559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was carried out to maximize the extraction of phlorotannins from Fucus vesiculosus using a hydroethanolic mixture as a solvent, as an alternative to the conventional method with a hydroacetonic mixture. Optimal MAE conditions were set as ethanol concentration of 57% (v/v), temperature of 75 °C, and time of 5 min, which allowed a similar recovery of phlorotannins from the macroalgae compared to the conventional extraction. While the phlorotannins richness of the conventional extract was slightly superior to that of MAE (11.1 ± 1.3 vs. 9.8 ± 1.8 mg PGE/g DWextract), both extracts presented identical phlorotannins constituents, which included, among others, tetrafucol, pentafucol, hexafucol, and heptafucol structures. In addition, MAE showed a moderate capacity to scavenge ABTS•+ (IC50 of 96.0 ± 3.4 µg/mL) and to inhibit the activity of xanthine oxidase (IC50 of 23.1 ± 3.4 µg/mL) and a superior ability to control the activity of the key metabolic enzyme α-glucosidase compared to the pharmaceutical drug acarbose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Susana M. Cardoso
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.J.A.); (M.D.C.); (C.M.); (A.M.S.S.); (R.F.)
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Besednova NN, Andryukov BG, Zaporozhets TS, Kryzhanovsky SP, Kuznetsova TA, Fedyanina LN, Makarenkova ID, Zvyagintseva TN. Algae Polyphenolic Compounds and Modern Antibacterial Strategies: Current Achievements and Immediate Prospects. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E342. [PMID: 32932759 PMCID: PMC7554682 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8090342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing drug resistance of pathogenic microorganisms raises concern worldwide and necessitates the search for new natural compounds with antibacterial properties. Marine algae are considered a natural and attractive biotechnological source of novel antibiotics. The high antimicrobial activity of their polyphenolic compounds is a promising basis for designing innovative pharmaceuticals. They can become both a serious alternative to traditional antimicrobial agents and an effective supplement to antibiotic therapy. The present review summarizes the results of numerous studies on polyphenols from algae and the range of biological activities that determine their biomedical significance. The main focus is put on a group of the polyphenolic metabolites referred to as phlorotannins and, particularly, on their structural diversity and mechanisms of antimicrobial effects. Brown algae are an almost inexhaustible resource with a high biotechnological potential for obtaining these polyfunctional compounds. An opinion is expressed that the effectiveness of the antibacterial activity of phlorotannins depends on the methods of their extraction aimed at preserving the phenolic structure. The use of modern analytical tools opens up a broad range of opportunities for studying the metabolic pathways of phlorotannins and identifying their structural and functional relationships. The high antimicrobial activity of phlorotannins against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria provides a promising framework for creating novel drugs to be used in the treatment and prevention of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya N. Besednova
- Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia; (B.G.A.); (T.S.Z.); (T.A.K.); (I.D.M.)
| | - Boris G. Andryukov
- Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia; (B.G.A.); (T.S.Z.); (T.A.K.); (I.D.M.)
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), 690091 Vladivostok, Russia;
| | - Tatyana S. Zaporozhets
- Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia; (B.G.A.); (T.S.Z.); (T.A.K.); (I.D.M.)
| | - Sergey P. Kryzhanovsky
- Medical Association of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia;
| | - Tatyana A. Kuznetsova
- Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia; (B.G.A.); (T.S.Z.); (T.A.K.); (I.D.M.)
| | - Ludmila N. Fedyanina
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), 690091 Vladivostok, Russia;
| | - Ilona D. Makarenkova
- Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia; (B.G.A.); (T.S.Z.); (T.A.K.); (I.D.M.)
| | - Tatyana N. Zvyagintseva
- Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia;
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Charoensiddhi S, Abraham RE, Su P, Zhang W. Seaweed and seaweed-derived metabolites as prebiotics. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2019; 91:97-156. [PMID: 32035602 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Seaweeds and their bioactive compounds, particularly polysaccharides and phenolics can be regarded as great dietary supplements with gut health benefits and prebiotics. These components are resistant to digestion by enzymes present in the human gastrointestinal tract, also selectively stimulate the growth of beneficial gut bacteria and the production of fermentation products such as short chain fatty acids. Commonly, the health benefits of seaweed components are assessed by including them in an in vitro anaerobic fermentation system containing human fecal inocula that mimics the environment of the human large bowel. Regarding to the complex interactions between dietary components, gastrointestinal physiological processes, and gut microbiota are difficult to model in vitro. Consequently it is important to follow up the promising in vitro results with in vivo animal or human testing. The aim of this chapter is to have a comprehensive review on the application of seaweeds and seaweed-derived metabolites as prebiotics, and understand the trends, gaps and future directions of both scientific and industrial developments. This work contributes to develop and expand new platform of seaweed utilization for higher-value products, particularly to functional food and nutraceutical industries in order to serve the social demand for health awareness and support economic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvimol Charoensiddhi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Reinu E Abraham
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Peng Su
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Wei Zhang
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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Gharaibeh MH, Khalifeh MS, Zattout EM, Abu-Qatouseh LF. Potential antimicrobial effect of plant essential oils and virulence genes expression in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Vet World 2019; 13:669-675. [PMID: 32546910 PMCID: PMC7245711 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.669-675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial efficacy of eight commercially available essential oil (EO) blends and characterize the effect on the expression of some virulence genes against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial effects of oils against MRSA was performed using the disk diffusion method and by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The EOs (A-F) were contained (β-pinene, carvacrol, carvone, dimethyl trisulfide, linalool, limonene, menthol, monoterpene hydrocarbons, and thymol) in different amounts. In addition, a real-time polymerase chain reaction was also used to determine the gene expression of the virulence genes (intercellular adhesion cluster [ica]-9, ica-15, and RNA III) against MRSA (ATCC 43300) after treatment with selected oils. RESULTS Among the eight EOs evaluated, EO (D), (E), and (A) showed, in general, the greatest antimicrobial activity against MRSA. EO at 1/3 MIC has effectively down-regulated ica-9 and ica-15 of MRSA by 17.83 and 4.94 folds, respectively. Meanwhile, EO (A) has effectively down-regulated RNAIII by 3.74 folds. Our results indicated that some of the EOs exhibit promising antimicrobial effects against MRSA isolates. Moreover, the results of the analyzed virulence genes related to the pathogenicity of MRSA were down-regulated at the sub-MIC concentrations of EOs, indicated that EOs could be successfully used to suppress the virulence factors and, consequently, decreased the pathogenicity of MRSA. CONCLUSION These encouraging results indicate that some of the EOs used in this study can be utilized as a natural antibiotic for the treatment of MRSA disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H. Gharaibeh
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030 Irbid 22110 Jordan
| | - Mohammad S. Khalifeh
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030 Irbid 22110 Jordan
| | - Esam M. Zattout
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030 Irbid 22110 Jordan
| | - Luay F. Abu-Qatouseh
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
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Abstract
Natural marine-derived compounds show excellent biological activities. Isolation, characterization and applications of marine derived compounds show a promising way to develop novel drugs to treat various diseases. Phlorotannins are one of the main compounds which are commonly isolated from the brown seaweeds. The structural unit of phlorotannins is made-up of polyphenolic units. Due to the unique structures, phlorotannins show a variety of biological activities such as antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, antitumor, antidiabetics, radio protective, antiadipogenic, and anti-allergic effects. In the current chapter, we have discussed general information on phlorotannins, extraction procedure and their biological activities in detail. From the scientific literature, phlorotannins can be potentially useful in the development of pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals.
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Kim YH, Kim JH, Kim DH, Kim SH, Kim HR, Kim YM. Synergistic Antimicrobial Effect of Sargassum serratifolium (C. Agardh) C. Agardh Extract against Human Skin Pathogens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.9721/kjfst.2016.48.3.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Corona G, Ji Y, Anegboonlap P, Hotchkiss S, Gill C, Yaqoob P, Spencer JPE, Rowland I. Gastrointestinal modifications and bioavailability of brown seaweed phlorotannins and effects on inflammatory markers. Br J Nutr 2016; 115:1240-53. [PMID: 26879487 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516000210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Brown seaweeds such as Ascophyllum nodosum are a rich source of phlorotannins (oligomers and polymers of phloroglucinol units), a class of polyphenols that are unique to Phaeophyceae. At present, there is no information on the bioavailability of seaweed polyphenols and limited evidence on their bioactivity in vivo. Consequently, we investigated the gastrointestinal modifications in vitro of seaweed phlorotannins from A. nodosum and their bioavailability and effect on inflammatory markers in healthy participants. In vitro, some phlorotannin oligomers were identified after digestion and colonic fermentation. In addition, seven metabolites corresponding to in vitro-absorbed metabolites were identified. Urine and plasma samples contained a variety of metabolites attributed to both unconjugated and conjugated metabolites (glucuronides and/or sulphates). In both urine and plasma, the majority of the metabolites were found in samples collected at late time points (6-24 h), suggesting colonic metabolism of high-molecular-weight phlorotannins, with three phlorotannin oligomers (hydroxytrifuhalol A, 7-hydroxyeckol, C-O-C dimer of phloroglucinol) identified in urine samples. A significant increase of the cytokine IL-8 was also observed. Our study shows for the first time that seaweed phlorotannins are metabolised and absorbed, predominantly in the large intestine, and there is a large inter-individual variation in their metabolic profile. Three phlorotannin oligomers present in the capsule are excreted in urine. Our study is the first investigation of the metabolism and bioavailability of seaweed phlorotannins and the role of colonic biotransformation. In addition, IL-8 is a possible target for phlorotannin bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Corona
- 1Health Sciences Research Centre,University of Roehampton,London SW15 4JD,UK
| | - Yang Ji
- 2Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences,University of Reading,Reading RG6 6AP,UK
| | - Prapaporn Anegboonlap
- 2Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences,University of Reading,Reading RG6 6AP,UK
| | - Sarah Hotchkiss
- 3CyberColloids Ltd, Carrigaline Industrial Estate,Carrigaline,County Cork P43 VR72,Republic of Ireland
| | - Chris Gill
- 4Northern Ireland Centre for Food & Health,University of Ulster,Coleraine BT52 1AA,UK
| | - Parveen Yaqoob
- 2Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences,University of Reading,Reading RG6 6AP,UK
| | - Jeremy P E Spencer
- 2Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences,University of Reading,Reading RG6 6AP,UK
| | - Ian Rowland
- 2Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences,University of Reading,Reading RG6 6AP,UK
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Rauf A, Uddin G, Khan H, Arfan M, Siddiqui BS. Bioassay-guided isolation of antibacterial constituents from Diospyros lotus roots. Nat Prod Res 2015; 30:426-8. [PMID: 25702900 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2015.1013957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the extract/fractions and compounds of Diospyros lotus against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria strain. The results showed marked susceptibility of extract and its fractions against test pathogens. Among them, chloroform fraction was most dominant and effective against all tested bacteria. The chloroform fraction was subjected to column chromatography which led to the isolation of lupeol (1), 7-methyljuglone (2), β-sitosterol (3), stigmasterol (4), betulinic acid (5), diospyrin (6) and 8-hydroxyisodiospyrin (7). Among the isolated compounds, betulinic acid (5) showed significant activity against most of the tested pathogen. In conclusion, our study validated the traditional uses of the plant in the treatment of infectious diseases which was also strongly supported by the isolated compound, betulinic acid (5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rauf
- a Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar , K.P.K Peshawar , Pakistan
| | - Ghias Uddin
- a Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar , K.P.K Peshawar , Pakistan
| | - Haroon Khan
- b Department of Pharmacy , Abdul Wali Khan University , Mardan 23200 , Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Arfan
- a Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar , K.P.K Peshawar , Pakistan
| | - Bina S Siddiqui
- c H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi , Karachi - 75270 , Pakistan
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Eom SH, Lee DS, Jung YJ, Park JH, Choi JI, Yim MJ, Jeon JM, Kim HW, Son KT, Je JY, Lee MS, Kim YM. The mechanism of antibacterial activity of phlorofucofuroeckol-A against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:9795-804. [PMID: 25267155 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6041-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
To find more effective ways of overcoming methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), there has been considerable interest in the use of marine-derived constituents as alternatives to control pathogenic microorganisms. In this study, we investigated whether phlorofucofuroeckol-A (PFF) isolated from the edible brown alga Eisenia bicyclis suppressed production or function of penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a). The antimicrobial mode of action of PFF in MRSA was identified by measuring cell membrane integrity and using the time-kill curve method. We attempted to determine the antimicrobial effects of PFF on the expression level of the resistance determinants mecA and its regulatory genes mecI and mecR1 in MRSA by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. PFF suppressed mecI, mecR1, and mecA gene expression in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, we revealed PFF mediates the suppressive effect of PBP2a expression in MRSA by Western blot analysis. PFF suppressed production of the PBP2a protein, suggesting that PFF probably acts by controlling the methicillin resistance-associated genes involved in the cell wall and production of PBP2a. These results demonstrate that PFF isolated from E. bicyclis significantly suppressed the expression of the methicillin resistance-associated genes and production of PBP2a, which is considered the primary cause of methicillin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hwan Eom
- Korea Food Research Institute, Sungnam, 463-746, Republic of Korea
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