1
|
Lo HC, Lin TE, Lin CY, Wang WH, Chen YC, Tsai PH, Su JC, Lu MK, Hsu WH, Lin TY. Targeting TGFβ receptor-mediated snail and twist: WSG, a polysaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum, and it-based dissolvable microneedle patch suppress melanoma cells. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 341:122298. [PMID: 38876710 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is a lethal skin cancer variant with pronounced aggressiveness and metastatic potential. However, few targeted medications inhibit the progression of melanoma. Ganoderma lucidum, which is a type of mushroom, is widely used as a non-toxic alternative adjunct therapy for cancer patients. This study determines the effect of WSG, which is a water-soluble glucan that is derived from G. lucidum, on melanoma cells. The results show that WSG inhibits cell viability and the mobility of melanoma cells. WSG induces changes in the expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers. WSG also downregulates EMT-related transcription factors, Snail and Twist. Signal transduction assays show that WSG reduces the protein levels in transforming growth factor β receptors (TGFβRs) and consequently inhibits the phosphorylation of intracellular signaling molecules, such as FAK, ERK1/2 and Smad2. An In vivo study shows that WSG suppresses melanoma growth in B16F10-bearing mice. To enhance transdermal drug delivery and prevent oxidation, two highly biocompatible compounds, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), are used to synthesize a dissolvable microneedle patch that is loaded with WSG (MN-WSG). A functional assay shows that MN-WSG has an effect that is comparable to that of WSG alone. These results show that WSG has significant potential as a therapeutic agent for melanoma treatment. MN-WSG may allow groundbreaking therapeutic approaches and offers a novel method for delivering this potent compound effectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chih Lo
- Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-En Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Che-Yu Lin
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hao Wang
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsien Tsai
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Chen Su
- Department of Pharmacy, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Kuang Lu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Traditional Chinese Medicine Glycomics Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hung Hsu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; LO-Sheng Hospital Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Yi Lin
- Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Traditional Chinese Medicine Glycomics Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wei Y, Song D, Wang R, Li T, Wang H, Li X. Dietary fungi in cancer immunotherapy: From the perspective of gut microbiota. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1038710. [PMID: 36969071 PMCID: PMC10032459 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1038710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies are recently emerged as a new strategy in treating various kinds of cancers which are insensitive to standard therapies, while the clinical application of immunotherapy is largely compromised by the low efficiency and serious side effects. Gut microbiota has been shown critical for the development of different cancer types, and the potential of gut microbiota manipulation through direct implantation or antibiotic-based depletion in regulating the overall efficacy of cancer immunotherapies has also been evaluated. However, the role of dietary supplementations, especially fungal products, in gut microbiota regulation and the enhancement of cancer immunotherapy remains elusive. In the present review, we comprehensively illustrated the limitations of current cancer immunotherapies, the biological functions as well as underlying mechanisms of gut microbiota manipulation in regulating cancer immunotherapies, and the benefits of dietary fungal supplementation in promoting cancer immunotherapies through gut microbiota modulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yibing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dingka Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Li
- College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoguang Li, ; Hui Wang,
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoguang Li, ; Hui Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li GL, Tang JF, Tan WL, Zhang T, Zeng D, Zhao S, Ran JH, Li J, Wang YP, Chen DL. The anti-hepatocellular carcinoma effects of polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum by regulating macrophage polarization via the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. Food Funct 2023; 14:3155-3168. [PMID: 36883482 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02191a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The response of macrophages to environmental signals demonstrates its heterogeneity and plasticity. After different forms of polarized activation, macrophages reach the M1 or M2 activation state according to their respective environment. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLPS) is a major bioactive component of Ganoderma lucidum, a well-known medicinal mushroom. Although the immunomodulatory and anti-tumor effects of GLPS have been proven, GLPS's effect on inhibiting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by regulating macrophage polarization is little known. Our data showed that GLPS notably inhibited the growth of a Hepa1-6 allograft. The expression of M1 marker CD86 was higher in the tumor tissue of the GLPS treatment group than in the control group in vivo. In vitro, the phagocytic activity and NO production of macrophages were increased by GLPS treatment. Moreover, it was discovered that GLPS was able to increase the expression of the M1 phenotype marker CD86, iNOS, and pro-inflammatory cytokines comprising IL-12a, IL-23a, IL-27 and TNF-α, but inhibited macrophage polarization towards the M2 phenotype by decreasing the expression of CD206, Arg-1, and inflammation-related cytokines comprising IL-6 and IL-10. The data suggest that GLPS may regulate macrophage polarization. Mechanistically, GLPS increased the phosphorylation of MEK and ERK. In addition, the phosphorylation of IκBα and P65 was increased by GLPS treatment. These data showed that GLPS can regulate the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway responsible for M1 polarization. In a nutshell, our research puts forward a new application of GLPS in anti-HCC treatment by regulating macrophage polarization through activating MAPK/NF-κB signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Li Li
- Lab of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jia-Feng Tang
- Lab of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Wen-Li Tan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Neuroscience Research Center, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Di Zeng
- Lab of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Lab of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Jian-Hua Ran
- Neuroscience Research Center, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- Lab of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Ya-Ping Wang
- Lab of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Di-Long Chen
- Lab of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Luo H, Tan D, Peng B, Zhang S, Vong CT, Yang Z, Wang Y, Lin Z. The Pharmacological Rationales and Molecular Mechanisms of Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharides for the Therapeutic Applications of Multiple Diseases. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:53-90. [PMID: 34963429 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x22500033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
As a versatile Chinese herb, Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss. ex Fr.) Karst (G. lucidum) has been applied to treat multiple diseases in clinics and improve the quality of life of patients. Among all of its extracts, the main bioactive components are G. lucidum polysaccharides (GLPs), which possess many therapeutic effects, such as antitumor, immunoregulatory, anti-oxidant, antidiabetic, antibacterial, and antifungal effects and neuroprotection activities. This review briefly summarized the recent studies of the pharmacological rationales of GLPs and their underlying molecular signaling transmission mechanisms in treating diseases. Until now, the clear mechanisms of GLPs for treating diseases have not been reported. In this review, we used the keywords of "Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides" and "tumor" to search in PubMed (years of 1992-2020), then screened and obtained 160 targets of antitumor activities in the literatures. The network pharmacology and mechanism framework were employed in this study as powerful approaches to systematically analyze the complicated potential antitumor mechanisms and targets of GLPs in cancer. We then found that there are 69 targets and 21 network pathways in "Pathways in cancer". Besides, we summarized the effects of GLPs and the models and methods used in the research of GLPs. In conclusion, GLPs have been studied extensively, but more in-depth research is still needed to determine the exact mechanisms and pathways. Therefore, this review might provide new insights into the vital targets and pathways for researchers to study the pharmacological mechanisms of GLPs for the treatment of diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Luo
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Dechao Tan
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Chi Teng Vong
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Zizhao Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Yitao Wang
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Zhibin Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li YX, Jiang SL, Hao YX, Zhang SP, Cui YS, Fu Z, Xue CL, Dong CX, Yao Z, Du J. Galactofucoidans from Sargassum fusiforme and their antagonistic effects against the proliferation-inhibition of RAW264.7 macrophage induced by culture supernatants of melanoma cells. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2021.100090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
|
6
|
Pellegrini M, D’Eusebio C, Ponzo V, Tonella L, Finocchiaro C, Fierro MT, Quaglino P, Bo S. Nutritional Interventions for Patients with Melanoma: From Prevention to Therapy-An Update. Nutrients 2021; 13:4018. [PMID: 34836273 PMCID: PMC8624488 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is an aggressive skin cancer, whose incidence rates have increased over the past few decades. Risk factors for melanoma are both intrinsic (genetic and familiar predisposition) and extrinsic (environment, including sun exposure, and lifestyle). The recent advent of targeted and immune-based therapies has revolutionized the treatment of melanoma, and research is focusing on strategies to optimize them. Obesity is an established risk factor for several cancer types, but its possible role in the etiology of melanoma is controversial. Body mass index, body surface area, and height have been related to the risk for cutaneous melanoma, although an 'obesity paradox' has been described too. Increasing evidence suggests the role of nutritional factors in the prevention and management of melanoma. Several studies have demonstrated the impact of dietary attitudes, specific foods, and nutrients both on the risk for melanoma and on the progression of the disease, via the effects on the oncological treatments. The aim of this narrative review was to summarize the main literature results regarding the preventive and therapeutic role of nutritional schemes, specific foods, and nutrients on melanoma incidence and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Pellegrini
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.P.); (C.D.); (V.P.); (S.B.)
| | - Chiara D’Eusebio
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.P.); (C.D.); (V.P.); (S.B.)
| | - Valentina Ponzo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.P.); (C.D.); (V.P.); (S.B.)
| | - Luca Tonella
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (L.T.); (M.T.F.)
| | - Concetta Finocchiaro
- Dietetic and Clinical Nutrition Unit, “Città della Salute e della Scienza” Hospital, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Maria Teresa Fierro
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (L.T.); (M.T.F.)
| | - Pietro Quaglino
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (L.T.); (M.T.F.)
| | - Simona Bo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.P.); (C.D.); (V.P.); (S.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li Y, Wang X, Ma X, Liu C, Wu J, Sun C. Natural Polysaccharides and Their Derivates: A Promising Natural Adjuvant for Tumor Immunotherapy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:621813. [PMID: 33935714 PMCID: PMC8080043 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.621813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment process of tumor is advanced with the development of immunotherapy. In clinical experience, immunotherapy has achieved very significant results. However, the application of immunotherapy is limited by a variety of immune microenvironment. For a long time in the past, polysaccharides such as lentinan and Ganoderma lucidum glycopeptide have been used in clinic as adjuvant drugs to widely improve the immunity of the body. However, their mechanism in tumor immunotherapy has not been deeply discussed. Studies have shown that natural polysaccharides can stimulate innate immunity by activating upstream immune cells so as to regulate adaptive immune pathways such as T cells and improve the effect of immunotherapy, suggesting that polysaccharides also have a promising future in cancer therapy. This review systematically discusses that polysaccharides can directly or indirectly activate macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells etc., binding to their surface receptors, inducing PI3K/Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinase, Notch and other pathways, promote their proliferation and differentiation, increasing the secretion of cytokines, and improve the state of immune suppression. These results provide relevant basis for guiding polysaccharide to be used as adjuvants of cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Li
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoran Ma
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Cun Liu
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jibiao Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Changgang Sun
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, China.,Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li CH, Liu M, Pan LH, Sun Y. ANP reduced Hedgehog signaling-mediated activation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in gastric cancer cell line MGC-803. Gene 2020; 762:145044. [PMID: 32777528 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gastric cancer is the most common malignant tumor. Most patients suffering from gastric cancer die of metastasis. The role of Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in inhibiting and eliminating kinds of cancer cells has been reported. Aberrant activation of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway contributes to initiation and progression of various malignancies. We have previously reported that the inhibitor of Hh, cyclopamine, reduces the metastatic activity of MGC-803 via inhibiting the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-9. It remains to be further demonstrated that ANP has the suppressive effects on invasion and metastasis in gastric cancer via Hh-mediated MMP-9 production. METHODS Transwell, western blot, qRT-PCR were used after application of ANP on MGC-803 gastric cancer cells to determine the levels of cell migration and invasion, protein levels of MMP-9 and Hh, as well as mRNAs of MMP-9 and Hh, respectively. RESULTS It was demonstrated that the migration and invasion were significantly lower, MMP-9 and Hh as well as their mRNAs were lower as well, in ANP-treated MGC-803 gastric cancer cells than those in control. CONCLUSIONS The expression of MMP-9 induced by aberrant activation of Hh in MGC-803 was inhibited by ANP, which may contribute to the inhibition of cell migration and invasion. These results suggested the potential of ANP to be used in gastric cancer therapy as an inhibitor targetting Hh signaling pathway to inhibit the proliferation as well as invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hui Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, Hebei, China.
| | - Man Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, Hebei, China
| | - Li-Hui Pan
- The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, Hebei, China
| | - Yu Sun
- The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, Hebei, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Promotion on NLRC5 upregulating MHC-I expression by IFN-γ in MHC-I–deficient breast cancer cells. Immunol Res 2020; 67:497-504. [DOI: 10.1007/s12026-019-09111-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
10
|
Zhao X, Bau T, Bao H. Anti-tumor activity of polysaccharides obtained from Leucocalocybe mongolica using solid-state fermentation. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2020.1807406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xueliang Zhao
- Engineering Research Centre of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Tolgor Bau
- Engineering Research Centre of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Haiying Bao
- Engineering Research Centre of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li CH, Hao ML, Sun Y, Wang ZJ, Li JL. Ultrastructure of gap junction and Cx43 expression in gastric cancer tissues of the patients. Arch Med Sci 2020; 16:352-358. [PMID: 32190146 PMCID: PMC7069450 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2020.92859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gap junctions are intercellular channels formed by connexin facilitating communication between cells by allowing transfer of ions and small signaling molecules. Connexin 43 (Cx43) is the most ubiquitous connexin in human tissues. Ample evidence suggests the role of gap junction and its connexins such as connexin 43 in human cancers including gastric cancer, which has an important place in the worldwide incidence of cancer and cancer-related deaths. Due to a number of contradictory studies and insufficient detailed examination in specific cancers, such as gastric cancer, more data on the role of gap junctions and their connexins such as Cx43 involved in gastric cancer remain necessary. MATERIAL AND METHODS Transmission electron microscopy, Western blotting and RT-PCR were used to show the ultrastructure damage of the gap junction in the gastric carcinoma tissue as well as the expression of Cx43 protein and mRNA, respectively. RESULTS Ultrastructure damage of the gap junction in gastric carcinoma tissue was shown while poorly differentiated tissue experienced greater damage. The expression of Cx43 protein and mRNA was higher in healthy gastric tissue than in carcinomatous gastric tissue (p < 0.05). There was higher expression of Cx43 protein and mRNA in high-medium differentiation than in poor differentiation (p < 0.05). Cx43 protein and mRNA expression is not statistically significant for different ages and sex (such as for > 56 and ≤ 56 years) (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Ultrastructural changes of gap junctions with abnormal Cx43 expression are associated with occurrence and development of gastric cancer, which provides a new research direction for gastric cancer pathogenesis and targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hui Li
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Mei-Ling Hao
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Zhu-Jun Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Jian-Ling Li
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang W, Lei Z, Meng J, Li G, Zhang Y, He J, Yan W. Water Extract of Sporoderm-Broken Spores of Ganoderma lucidum Induces Osteosarcoma Apoptosis and Restricts Autophagic Flux. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:11651-11665. [PMID: 32021244 PMCID: PMC6942530 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s226850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant bone tumor with easy metastasis and poor prognosis. Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum), a traditional Chinese medicine, was reported playing a critical role in suppressing multiple tumor progress. So we wanted to investigate the effects and molecular mechanisms of water extract of sporoderm-broken spores of G. lucidum (BSGLWE) on osteosarcoma. Methods In vitro, the effects on cell proliferation of BSGLWE in osteosarcoma cells were detected by CCK-8, colony formation assay and flow cytometry; migration ability of osteosarcoma cells was evaluated by cell scratch and transwell assays. Cell apoptosis and autophagy were tested by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Potential signaling pathways were detected by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. In xenograft orthotopic model, the luminescence intensity measured by an in vivo bioluminescence imaging system, and the expression of related proteins in tumor cells were assessed by IHC analysis. Results BSGLWE suppressed the proliferation and migration of osteosarcoma cells in a dose-dependent manner, and osteosarcoma cell cycle progression at the G2/M phase was arrested by the BSGLWE. In addition, increased apoptosis-related protein expression meant BSFLWE induced caspase-dependent apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells. TEM results indicated that BSGLWE promoted the formation of apoptotic bodies and autophagosomes in HOS and U2 cells. Western blotting or immunofluorescence and rescue assay revealed that BSGLWE blocked autophagic flux by inducing initiation of autophagy and increasing autophagosome accumulation of osteosarcoma cells. BSGLWE not only repressed the angiogenesis in the mouse model, but also induced apoptosis and blocked autophagy in vivo. Conclusion BSGLWE inhibits osteosarcoma progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenkan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Lei
- Department of Orthopedics Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahong Meng
- Department of Orthopedics Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqi Li
- Department of Orthopedics Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaming He
- Department of Orthopedics Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiqi Yan
- Department of Orthopedics Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Antitumor Effect of Ganoderma (Lingzhi) Mediated by Immunological Mechanism and Its Clinical Application. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1182:39-77. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9421-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
14
|
Dong CX, Liu L, Wang CY, Fu Z, Zhang Y, Hou X, Peng C, Ran RX, Yao Z. Structural characterization of polysaccharides from Saposhnikovia divaricata and their antagonistic effects against the immunosuppression by the culture supernatants of melanoma cells on RAW264.7 macrophages. Int J Biol Macromol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
15
|
|
16
|
Wang C, Shi S, Chen Q, Lin S, Wang R, Wang S, Chen C. Antitumor and Immunomodulatory Activities of Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharides in Glioma-Bearing Rats. Integr Cancer Ther 2018; 17:674-683. [PMID: 29607690 PMCID: PMC6142075 DOI: 10.1177/1534735418762537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are the most common brain tumors with high rates of recurrence
and mortality. Novel approaches are in research, and immunotherapy emerges as a
promising strategy. Recently, scientific attention has been focused on
Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GL-PS), one of the
critical bioactive components of G lucidum, which have been
recognized as a promising natural source of immunomodulatory and anticancer
compounds. It remains unknown whether the GL-PS have any immunomodulatory and
anticancer effects on brain glioma. This study was designed to identify and
characterize the antitumor action and influence of immune system of GL-PS in
glioma-bearing rats. Results showed that GL-PS increased the concentration of
serum interleukin-2, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ, and enhanced the
cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells and T cells, promoting the functional
maturation of dendritic cells, thus resulting in the inhibition of glioma growth
and prolonged survival of rats. Therefore, GL-PS may be potentially useful as
part of the treatment regimen to regulate host immune responses and increase the
antitumor effects of immunotherapy for glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Wang
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,2 Fujian Neurosurgical Institute, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Songsheng Shi
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,2 Fujian Neurosurgical Institute, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Chen
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqian Lin
- 3 Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,4 Fuzhou Institute of Green Valley Bio-Pharm Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Wang
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,2 Fujian Neurosurgical Institute, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Saizhen Wang
- 3 Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,4 Fuzhou Institute of Green Valley Bio-Pharm Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmei Chen
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,2 Fujian Neurosurgical Institute, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sun LX, Lin ZB, Lu J, Li WD, Niu YD, Sun Y, Hu CY, Zhang GQ, Duan XS. The improvement of M1 polarization in macrophages by glycopeptide derived from Ganoderma lucidum. Immunol Res 2017; 65:658-665. [DOI: 10.1007/s12026-017-8893-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
18
|
Lv X, Chen D, Yang L, Zhu N, Li J, Zhao J, Hu Z, Wang FJ, Zhang LW. Comparative studies on the immunoregulatory effects of three polysaccharides using high content imaging system. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 86:28-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
19
|
Tang J, Chen Z, Sun B, Dong J, Liu J, Zhou H, Wang L, Bai R, Miao Q, Zhao Y, Chen C, Liu Y. Polyhydroxylated fullerenols regulate macrophage for cancer adoptive immunotherapy and greatly inhibit the tumor metastasis. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 12:945-954. [PMID: 26733256 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Adoptive immunotherapy is a highly effective approach for cancer treatment. Several potential adoptive immunotherapies have high (though reversible) toxicities with disappointing results. Polyhydroxylated fullerenols have been demonstrated as promising antitumor drugs with low toxicities. In this study, we investigate whether polyhydroxylated fullerenols (C60(OH)22 and Gd@C82(OH)22) contribute to cancer immunotherapy by regulating macrophages. Our results show that fullerenols treatment enhances mitochondrial metabolism, phagocytosis and cytokine secretion. Moreover, activated macrophages inhibit the growth of several cancer cell types. It is likely that this inhibition is dependent on an NF-κB-mediated release of multiple cytokines. Using a lung metastasis model, we also show that autologous macrophages greatly suppress cancer cell metastasis to lung when they are activated by C60(OH)22 and Gd@C82(OH)22. More importantly, Gd@C82(OH)22 are shown to have stronger ability than C60(OH)22 to improve the macrophage function, which shed light on the rational design for nanomedicine and clinical application. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR The interest in the use of immunotherapy in cancer has rekindled recently. However, many approaches have shown disappointing results. In this study, the authors investigated the effects of polyhydroxylated fullerenol nanoparticles on regulating macrophages for immunotherapy. These positive findings may point a novel way to cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinglong Tang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China and Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China; Center for Nanochemistry, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyun Chen
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China and Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Baoyun Sun
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China and Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Jinquan Dong
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China and Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China and Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Huige Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China and Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China and Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Ru Bai
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China and Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Qing Miao
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China and Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China; Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China and Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Chunying Chen
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China and Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China and Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tissue invasion and metastasis: Molecular, biological and clinical perspectives. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35 Suppl:S244-S275. [PMID: 25865774 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a key health issue across the world, causing substantial patient morbidity and mortality. Patient prognosis is tightly linked with metastatic dissemination of the disease to distant sites, with metastatic diseases accounting for a vast percentage of cancer patient mortality. While advances in this area have been made, the process of cancer metastasis and the factors governing cancer spread and establishment at secondary locations is still poorly understood. The current article summarizes recent progress in this area of research, both in the understanding of the underlying biological processes and in the therapeutic strategies for the management of metastasis. This review lists the disruption of E-cadherin and tight junctions, key signaling pathways, including urokinase type plasminogen activator (uPA), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene (PI3K/AKT), focal adhesion kinase (FAK), β-catenin/zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB-1) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), together with inactivation of activator protein-1 (AP-1) and suppression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity as key targets and the use of phytochemicals, or natural products, such as those from Agaricus blazei, Albatrellus confluens, Cordyceps militaris, Ganoderma lucidum, Poria cocos and Silybum marianum, together with diet derived fatty acids gamma linolenic acid (GLA) and eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) and inhibitory compounds as useful approaches to target tissue invasion and metastasis as well as other hallmark areas of cancer. Together, these strategies could represent new, inexpensive, low toxicity strategies to aid in the management of cancer metastasis as well as having holistic effects against other cancer hallmarks.
Collapse
|
21
|
Immune evasion in cancer: Mechanistic basis and therapeutic strategies. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35 Suppl:S185-S198. [PMID: 25818339 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 972] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immune evasion is a major stumbling block in designing effective anticancer therapeutic strategies. Although considerable progress has been made in understanding how cancers evade destructive immunity, measures to counteract tumor escape have not kept pace. There are a number of factors that contribute to tumor persistence despite having a normal host immune system. Immune editing is one of the key aspects why tumors evade surveillance causing the tumors to lie dormant in patients for years through "equilibrium" and "senescence" before re-emerging. In addition, tumors exploit several immunological processes such as targeting the regulatory T cell function or their secretions, antigen presentation, modifying the production of immune suppressive mediators, tolerance and immune deviation. Besides these, tumor heterogeneity and metastasis also play a critical role in tumor growth. A number of potential targets like promoting Th1, NK cell, γδ T cell responses, inhibiting Treg functionality, induction of IL-12, use of drugs including phytochemicals have been designed to counter tumor progression with much success. Some natural agents and phytochemicals merit further study. For example, use of certain key polysaccharide components from mushrooms and plants have shown to possess therapeutic impact on tumor-imposed genetic instability, anti-growth signaling, replicative immortality, dysregulated metabolism etc. In this review, we will discuss the advances made toward understanding the basis of cancer immune evasion and summarize the efficacy of various therapeutic measures and targets that have been developed or are being investigated to enhance tumor rejection.
Collapse
|
22
|
Cheng S, Sliva D. Ganoderma lucidum for cancer treatment: we are close but still not there. Integr Cancer Ther 2015; 14:249-57. [PMID: 25626896 DOI: 10.1177/1534735414568721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The medicinal fungus Ganoderma lucidum has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for millennia to improve health and promote longevity. The idea of using G. lucidum for cancer treatment is based on numerous laboratory and preclinical studies with cancer and immune cells as well as animal models demonstrating various biological activities in vitro and in vivo. For example, G. lucidum possesses cytotoxic, cytostatic, antimetastatic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulating activities. Limited clinical studies, including case reports and randomized controlled trials, suggest G. lucidum as an alternative adjunct therapy for stimulating the immune system in cancer patients. To confirm the efficacy of G. lucidum in cancer treatment, systematic translational research programs should be started worldwide. In addition, only standardized preclinically evaluated, biologically active G. lucidum extracts should be used in alternative treatments. This approach will lead to the development of standardized G. lucidum preparations with specific chemical fingerprint-associated anticancer activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Cheng
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Methodist Research Institute, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Daniel Sliva
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Methodist Research Institute, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sun LX, Lin ZB, Duan XS, Qi HH, Yang N, Li M, Xing EH, Sun Y, Yu M, Li WD, Lu J. Suppression of the Production of Transforming Growth Factor β1, Interleukin-10, and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in the B16F10 Cells byGanoderma lucidumPolysaccharides. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2014; 34:667-75. [PMID: 24673200 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2012.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xin Sun
- The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Suo Duan
- The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hai-Hua Qi
- The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei Province, China
| | - Ning Yang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei Province, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - En-Hong Xing
- The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yu Sun
- The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei Province, China
| | - Min Yu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei Province, China
| | - Wei-Dong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Lu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Qu D, He J, Liu C, Zhou J, Chen Y. Triterpene-loaded microemulsion using Coix lacryma-jobi seed extract as oil phase for enhanced antitumor efficacy: preparation and in vivo evaluation. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 9:109-19. [PMID: 24379669 PMCID: PMC3872217 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s54796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum triterpene-loaded microemulsions (TMEs) using Coix lacryma-jobi (adlay) seed oil as oil phase were prepared, characterized, and evaluated for enhanced antitumor activity. Ternary phase diagrams for the TMEs were constructed and the optimal preparation was developed. Transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering showed that this formulation had a well defined spherical shape, a homogeneous distribution, a small size, and a narrow polydispersity index. The drug-loading rate was determined to be 9.87% by ultraviolet spectrophotometry, and acceptable stability under various stimulations in vitro was confirmed. Importantly, the TME formulation showed a significantly greater antiproliferative effect towards human lung carcinoma (A549) cells and murine lung tumor (Lewis) cells in comparison with suspension formulations containing triterpene and adlay seed oil as a positive control. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration of the TMEs was about 0.62 mg crude drug per mL, being 2.5-fold improved relative to that of the corresponding suspension formulation, but no significant cytotoxicity was observed for the bare microemulsion in A549 cells and Lewis cells. In vivo, the TME formulation showed markedly enhanced antitumor efficacy in a xenograft model of Lewis lung cancer after intragastric administration. Compared with cyclophosphamide, the TME formulation showed similar antitumor activity but less general toxicity. These results indicate the feasibility of using a microemulsion to increase the solubility of triterpene and adlay. TMEs hold promise as an efficient drug delivery system for the treatment of lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ding Qu
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie He
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Congyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|