1
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Scanu A, Luisetto R, Ramonda R, Spinella P, Sfriso P, Galozzi P, Oliviero F. Anti-Inflammatory and Hypouricemic Effect of Bioactive Compounds: Molecular Evidence and Potential Application in the Management of Gout. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:5173-5190. [PMID: 36354664 PMCID: PMC9688861 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44110352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Gout is caused by the deposition of monosodium urate crystals in the joint and represents the most common form of inflammatory arthritis in men. Its prevalence is rising worldwide mainly due to the increase of risk factors associated with the disease, in particular hyperuricemia. Besides gout, hyperuricemia leads to an increased inflammatory state of the body with consequent increased risk of comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases. Increasing evidence shows that bioactive compounds have a significant role in fighting inflammatory and immune chronic conditions. In gout and hyperuricemia, these molecules can exert their effects at two levels. They can either decrease serum uric acid concentrations or fight inflammation associated with monosodium urate crystals deposits and hyperuricemia. In this view, they might be considered valuable support to the pharmacological therapy and prevention of the disease. This review aims to provide an overview of the beneficial role of bioactive compounds in hyperuricemia, gout development, and inflammatory pathways of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Scanu
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Roberto Luisetto
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology—DISCOG, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Roberta Ramonda
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Spinella
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Sfriso
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Galozzi
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Oliviero
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
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2
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Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine Plays a Role in the Liver, Kidney, and Intestine to Ameliorate Hyperuricemia according to Experimental Studies. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:4618352. [PMID: 34876914 PMCID: PMC8645359 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4618352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In the last few decades, hyperuricemia has drawn increasing attention owing to its global prevalence. Observational surveys have manifested that there is a relation between hyperuricemia and increased risks of hypertension, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular events, metabolic disorders, end stage renal disease, and mortality. As alternatives, Traditional Chinese medicinal herbs have demonstrated concrete effects in mitigating hyperuricemia in different experiments. Researchers have made efforts to investigate the role of herbal medicine in attenuating hyperuricemia. This review focuses on traditional Chinese herbal medicines that have been reported to ameliorate hyperuricemia in experimental studies.
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3
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Chen L, Luo Z, Wang M, Cheng J, Li F, Lu H, He Q, You Y, Zhou X, Kwan HY, Zhao X, Zhou L. The Efficacy and Mechanism of Chinese Herbal Medicines in Lowering Serum Uric Acid Levels: A Systematic Review. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:578318. [PMID: 33568990 PMCID: PMC7868570 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.578318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Chinese herbal medicines are widely used to lower serum uric acid levels. However, no systemic review summarizes and evaluates their efficacies and the underlying mechanisms of action. Objectives. To evaluate the clinical and experimental evidences for the effectiveness and the potential mechanism of Chinese herbal medicines in lowering serum uric acid levels. Methods. Four electronic databases PubMed, Wed of Science, the Cochrane Library and Embase were used to search for Chinese herbal medicines for their effects in lowering serum uric acid levels, dated from 1 January 2009 to 19 August 2020. For clinical trials, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included; and for experimental studies, original articles were included. The methodological quality of RCTs was assessed according to the Cochrane criteria. For clinical trials, a meta-analysis of continuous variables was used to obtain pooled effects. For experimental studies, lists were used to summarize and integrate the mechanisms involved. Results. A total of 10 clinical trials and 184 experimental studies were included. Current data showed that Chinese herbal medicines have promising clinical efficacies in patients with elevated serum uric acid levels (SMD: −1.65, 95% CI: −3.09 to −0.22; p = 0.024). There was no significant difference in serum uric acid levels between Chinese herbal medicine treatments and Western medicine treatments (SMD: −0.13, 95% CI: −0.99 to 0.74; p = 0.772). Experimental studies revealed that the mechanistic signaling pathways involved in the serum uric acid lowering effects include uric acid synthesis, uric acid transport, inflammation, renal fibrosis and oxidative stress. Conclusions. The clinical studies indicate that Chinese herbal medicines lower serum uric acid levels. Further studies with sophisticated research design can further demonstrate the efficacy and safety of these Chinese herbal medicines in lowering serum uric acid levels and reveal a comprehensive picture of the underlying mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqian Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengmao Luo
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command, PLA, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingru Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Hanqi Lu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuxing He
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanting You
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinghong Zhou
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hiu Yee Kwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhao
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Endocrinology Department, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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4
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Zhong X, Chen Y, Yao C, Xu L, Peng Y, Yang Q, Zhao M, Guo X. MicroRNA-30b participates in the pathological process of hyperuricemia by regulating interleukin-6 receptor. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 39:1162-1178. [PMID: 32643523 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2020.1780439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine the expression of hyperuricemia (HUA)-related factors in the body fluids of HUA patients and in renal tissues and body fluids of HUA mice to elucidate the underlying mechanism of HUA and provide theoretical basis for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of this disease. A total of 51 HUA patients (HUA group), and 36 healthy subjects (control group) were included in the present study. The peripheral blood and urine were collected from all patients and healthy subjects. A total of 20 male Kunming mice were used to construct HUA model, and another 20 mice were used as controls. The kidney tissues, peripheral blood and urine were collected from all mice. ELISA was performed to determine the levels of interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) proteins in the serum and urine of human or mice, while western blotting was employed to determine the protein expression in the kidney tissues of mice. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the expression of mRNA and miR-30b in all sample types. Dual luciferase reporter assay was performed to identify the direct interaction between 3'-untranslated region of IL-6R mRNA and miR-30b. The expression of IL-6R mRNA and protein was increased in serum and urine of HUA patients, while the expression of miR-30b was reduced in HUA patients when compared with healthy subjects. The contents of uric acid, urea nitrogen and creatinine in the blood of HUA mice model were significantly elevated. Similarly, the expression of IL-6R mRNA and protein was increased in kidney, serum and urine of HUA mice model, while the expression of miR-30b was reduced in kidney tissues, serum and urine of HUA mice model. Dual luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-30b was able to bind with 3'-UTR seed region of IL-6R mRNA to regulate its expression. These findings demonstrated that the expression of IL-6R in patients and mouse with HUA is elevated, which is related with the down-regulation of miR-30b. Therefore, miR-30b might participate in the pathological process of HUA by regulating IL-6R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowu Zhong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, P.R. China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, P.R. China.,Translational Medicine Research Center, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, P.R. China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, P.R. China
| | - Chengjiao Yao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, P.R. China
| | - Lei Xu
- Translational Medicine Research Center, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, P.R. China
| | - Yuanhong Peng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, P.R. China
| | - Qibin Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, P.R. China
| | - Mingcai Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Central Hospital of Suining, Suining, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolan Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, P.R. China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, P.R. China.,Translational Medicine Research Center, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, P.R. China
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Kozachok S, Pecio Ł, Orhan IE, Deniz FSS, Marchyshyn S, Oleszek W. Reinvestigation of Herniaria glabra L. saponins and their biological activity. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 169:112162. [PMID: 31627115 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Twelve undescribed triterpenoid pentacyclic glycosides, medicagenic acid (3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-28-O-{[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]-4-O-acetyl-β-D-fucopyranosyl-(1→)}-2β,3β-dihydroxyolean-12-ene-23,28-dioic acid, 3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-28-O-{[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-[β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1 → 3)]-4-O-acetyl-β-D-fucopyranosyl-(1→)}-2β,3β-dihydroxyolean-12-ene-23,28-dioic acid, 3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-28-O-{[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-3,4-O-diacetyl-β-D-fucopyranosyl-(1→)}-2β,3β-dihydroxyolean-12-ene-23,28-dioic acid, 28-O-{[6-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-[2-O-acetyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 6)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→)}-2β,3β-dihydroxyolean-12-ene-23,28-dioic acid, 28-O-{[6-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-[3-O-acetyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 6)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→)}-2β,3β-dihydroxyolean-12-ene-23,28-dioic acid, 28-O-{[6-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-[4-O-acetyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 6)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→)}-2β,3β-dihydroxyolean-12-ene-23,28-dioic acid, 28-O-{[6-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 6)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→)}-2β,3β-dihydroxyolean-12-ene-23,28-dioic acid, 28-O-{[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 6)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→)}-2β,3β-dihydroxyolean-12-ene-23,28-dioic acid), zanhic acid (3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-28-O-{[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]-4-O-acetyl-β-D-fucopyranosyl-(1→)}2β,3β,16α-trihydroxyolean-12-ene-23,28-dioic acid, 3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-28-O-{[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-β-D-fucopyranosyl-(1→)}-2β,3β,16α-trihydroxyolean-12-ene-23,28-dioic acid), 29-hydroxy-medicagenic acid (3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-28-O-{[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]-4-O-acetyl-β-D-fucopyranosyl-(1→)}-2β,3β,29β-trihydroxyolean-12-ene-23,28-dioic acid) and herniaric acid (28-O-{[6-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 6)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→)}-2β,3β-dihydroxyolean-18-ene-23,28-dioic acid) were isolated from the whole plant extract of Herniaria glabra L. (Caryophyllaceae), wild growing in the Ukraine. In addition, five known triterpenoid saponins; i.e. herniariasaponins 1, 4, 5, 6, and 7 were also isolated. Their structures were elucidated by HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, as well as by comparison with the literature data. Twelve herniariasaponins, the purified crude extract, and the saponin fraction were evaluated in vitro for their xanthine oxidase, collagenase, elastase, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Moreover, herniariasaponins 4, 5, and 7 were screened for their cholinesterase inhibitory potential. As a result, no or low inhibition towards the mentioned enzymes was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomiia Kozachok
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Ul. Czartoryskich 8, 24-100, Puławy, Poland; Department of Pharmacognosy with Medical Botany, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Maidan Voli 1, 46001, Ternopil, Ukraine.
| | - Łukasz Pecio
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Ul. Czartoryskich 8, 24-100, Puławy, Poland.
| | - Ilkay Erdogan Orhan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Svitlana Marchyshyn
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medical Botany, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Maidan Voli 1, 46001, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Wiesław Oleszek
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Ul. Czartoryskich 8, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
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6
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Mehmood A, Ishaq M, Zhao L, Safdar B, Rehman AU, Munir M, Raza A, Nadeem M, Iqbal W, Wang C. Natural compounds with xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity: A review. Chem Biol Drug Des 2019; 93:387-418. [PMID: 30403440 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia (HUA), a disease due to an elevation of body uric acid level and responsible for various diseases such as gout, cardiovascular disorders, and renal failure, is a major ground debate for the medical science these days. Considering the risk factors linked with allopathic drugs for the treatment of this disease, the debate has now become a special issue. Previously, we critically discussed the role of dietary polyphenols in the treatment of HUA. Besides dietary food plants, many researchers figure out the tremendous effects of medicinal plants-derived phytochemicals against HUA. Keeping in mind all these aspects, we reviewed all possible managerial studies related to HUA through medicinal plants (isolated compounds). In the current review article, we comprehensively discussed various bioactive compounds, chemical structures, and structure-activity relationship with responsible key enzyme xanthine oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Mehmood
- Beijing Advance Innovation center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Chemical Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Ishaq
- Beijing Advance Innovation center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Chemical Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Beijing Advance Innovation center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Chemical Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Bushra Safdar
- Beijing Advance Innovation center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Chemical Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Ashfaq-Ur Rehman
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Experimental Teaching Center for Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Masooma Munir
- Food Science Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Ali Raza
- Beijing Advance Innovation center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Chemical Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Waheed Iqbal
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chengtao Wang
- Beijing Advance Innovation center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Chemical Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
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7
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Zhang Y, Li Q, Wang F, Xing C. A zebrafish (danio rerio) model for high-throughput screening food and drugs with uric acid-lowering activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 508:494-498. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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8
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Upadhyay S, Jeena GS, Shukla RK. Recent advances in steroidal saponins biosynthesis and in vitro production. PLANTA 2018; 248:519-544. [PMID: 29748819 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2911-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Steroidal saponins exhibited numerous pharmacological activities due to the modification of their backbone by different cytochrome P450s (P450) and UDP glycosyltransferases (UGTs). Plant-derived steroidal saponins are not sufficient for utilizing them for commercial purpose so in vitro production of saponin by tissue culture, root culture, embryo culture, etc, is necessary for its large-scale production. Saponin glycosides are the important class of plant secondary metabolites, which consists of either steroidal or terpenoidal backbone. Due to the existence of a wide range of medicinal properties, saponin glycosides are pharmacologically very important. This review is focused on important medicinal properties of steroidal saponin, its occurrence, and biosynthesis. In addition to this, some recently identified plants containing steroidal saponins in different parts were summarized. The high throughput transcriptome sequencing approach elaborates our understanding related to the secondary metabolic pathway and its regulation even in the absence of adequate genomic information of non-model plants. The aim of this review is to encapsulate the information related to applications of steroidal saponin and its biosynthetic enzymes specially P450s and UGTs that are involved at later stage modifications of saponin backbone. Lastly, we discussed the in vitro production of steroidal saponin as the plant-based production of saponin is time-consuming and yield a limited amount of saponins. A large amount of plant material has been used to increase the production of steroidal saponin by employing in vitro culture technique, which has received a lot of attention in past two decades and provides a way to conserve medicinal plants as well as to escape them for being endangered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Upadhyay
- Biotechnology Division (CSIR-CIMAP), Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, (CSIR-CIMAP) P.O. CIMAP (a laboratory under Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India), Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Gajendra Singh Jeena
- Biotechnology Division (CSIR-CIMAP), Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, (CSIR-CIMAP) P.O. CIMAP (a laboratory under Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India), Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Shukla
- Biotechnology Division (CSIR-CIMAP), Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, (CSIR-CIMAP) P.O. CIMAP (a laboratory under Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India), Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow, 226015, India.
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9
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Imura Y, Harada K, Kubo M, Fukuyama Y. Three New Bibenzyls from the Twigs of Smilax longifolia. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701201216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Three new bibenzyl compounds, 1-3, were isolated along with the previously known bibenzyls 4-6, one diarylpropanoid 7, and three diarylheptanoids 8-10 from the twigs of Smilax longifolia. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by analyzing their spectroscopic data and comparing them with those of known compounds. Diarylheptanoid 9 exhibited potent lethality in the brine shrimp lethality test (BST).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Imura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Kenichi Harada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Miwa Kubo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Fukuyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
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10
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Huo X, Liu K. Renal organic anion transporters in drug-drug interactions and diseases. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 112:8-19. [PMID: 29109021 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The kidney plays a vital role in maintaining systemic homeostasis. Active tubular secretion and reabsorption, which are mainly mediated by transporters, is an efficient mechanism for retaining glucose, amino acids, and other nutrients and for the clearance of endogenous waste products and xenobiotics. These substances are recognized by uptake transporters located in the basolateral and apical membranes of renal proximal tubule cells and are extracted from plasma and urine. Organic anion transporters (OATs) belong to the solute carrier (SLC) 22 superfamily and facilitate organic anions across the plasma membranes of renal proximal tubule cells. OATs are responsible for the transmembrane transport of anionic and zwitterionic organic molecules, including endogenous substances and many drugs. The alteration in OAT expression and function caused by diseases, drug-drug interactions (DDIs) or other issues can thus change the renal disposition of substrates, induce the accumulation of toxic metabolites, and lead to unexpected clinically outcome. This review summarizes the recent information regarding the expression, regulation, and substrate spectrum of OATs and discusses the roles of OATs in diseases and DDIs. These findings will enables us to have a better understanding of the related disease therapy and the potential risk of DDIs mediated by OATs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokui Huo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics and Transport of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics and Transport of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
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11
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Tian LW, Zhang Z, Long HL, Zhang YJ. Steroidal Saponins from the Genus Smilax and Their Biological Activities. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2017; 7. [PMID: 28646341 PMCID: PMC5507813 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-017-0139-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The Smilax species, widely distributed in tropical region of the world and the warm areas of East Asia and North America, are extensively used as folk medicine to treat inflammatory disorders. Chemical investigation on Smilax species showed they are rich sources of steroidal saponins with diversified structure types, including spirostane, isospirostane, furostane, pregnane, and cholestane. This review mainly summarizes the steroidal saponins (1-104) reported from the genus Smilax between 1967 and 2016, and their biological activities. The relationship between structures of steroidal saponins and related biological activities were briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wen Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hai-Lan Long
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ying-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
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