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Direito R, Barbalho SM, Sepodes B, Figueira ME. Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds: Exploring Neuroprotective, Metabolic, and Hepatoprotective Effects for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:577. [PMID: 38794239 PMCID: PMC11124874 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16050577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a growing trend among consumers to seek out natural foods and products with natural ingredients. This shift in consumer preferences had a direct impact on both food and pharmaceutical industries, leading to a focus of scientific research and commercial efforts to meet these new demands. The aim of this work is to review recent available scientific data on foods of interest, such as the artichoke, gooseberry, and polygonoideae plants, as well as olive oil and red raspberries. Interestingly, the urgency of solutions to the climate change emergency has brought new attention to by-products of grapevine bunch stem and cane, which have been found to contain bioactive compounds with potential health benefits. There is a pressing need for a faster process of translating scientific knowledge from the laboratory to real-world applications, especially in the face of the increasing societal burden associated with non-communicable diseases (NCDs), environmental crises, the post-pandemic world, and ongoing violent conflicts around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Direito
- Laboratory of Systems Integration Pharmacology, Clinical and Regulatory Science, Research Institute for Medicines, Universidade de Lisboa (iMed.ULisboa), Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal (M.E.F.)
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil;
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), Avenida Castro Alves, 62, Marília 17500-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Sepodes
- Laboratory of Systems Integration Pharmacology, Clinical and Regulatory Science, Research Institute for Medicines, Universidade de Lisboa (iMed.ULisboa), Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal (M.E.F.)
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Eduardo Figueira
- Laboratory of Systems Integration Pharmacology, Clinical and Regulatory Science, Research Institute for Medicines, Universidade de Lisboa (iMed.ULisboa), Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal (M.E.F.)
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
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De Silva ND, Attanayake AP, Karunaratne DN, Arawwawala LDAM, Pamunuwa GK. Bael (Aegle marmelos L. Correa) fruit extracts encapsulated alginate nanoparticles as a potential dietary supplement with improved bioactivities. J Food Sci 2023; 88:4942-4961. [PMID: 37960942 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanoencapsulated bael fruit (Aegle marmelos L. Correa (Family: Rutaceae)) extracts reveal novel prospects in the development of dietary supplements with improved biological activities in the field of the food industry. The main objectives of this study were to prepare and characterize aqueous, ethanol, 50% ethanol, and 50% acetone extracts of bael fruit encapsulated alginate nanoparticles and investigate the effect of encapsulation on in vitro release of polyphenols, antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities, and their stability. Bael fruit extracts encapsulated alginate nanoparticles were prepared using the ionic gelation method. Characterization, in vitro release profiles of polyphenols, determination of antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activity, and accelerated stability were conducted. The results of the characterization confirmed the successful encapsulation of extracts of bael fruit in the alginate matrix. The aqueous extract of bael fruit encapsulated alginate nanoparticles exhibited a more controlled slow-release profile, accounting for 21.82% ± 1.17% and 48.14% ± 0.52% of polyphenols at solutions of pH 1.2 and pH 6.8, respectively. In general, the results of the bioactivity assessment suggested that nanoencapsulation could facilitate the enhancement of its antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. The results of thermogravimetric analysis and thin layer chromatography fingerprint showed the stability of aqueous bael fruit extract encapsulated alginate nanoparticles at 27 and 4°C over a month. In summary, the results of this study revealed the potency of nanoencapsulated aqueous extract of bael fruit to develop a dietary supplement with improved antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The encapsulation of bael fruit extracts into a nanocarrier enhances bioactivities and promotes the controlled release of bioactive compounds. This could be useful in the future food industry, based on scientifically proven data, and inspire the market by means of the development of dietary supplements. Overall, the results would facilitate the formulation of novel commercially elegant nanoencapsulated dietary supplements with improved potential to manage a healthy life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Geethi Kaushalya Pamunuwa
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Gardening, Faculty of Agriculture and Plantation Management, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Makandura, Sri Lanka
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Kang DM, Khalil AAK, Park WS, Kim HJ, Akter KM, Bae JY, Mehtap Büyüker S, Kim JH, Kang KK, Ahn MJ. Anti- Helicobacter pylori Activity of Six Major Compounds Isolated from Rumex acetosa. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:42548-42554. [PMID: 38024697 PMCID: PMC10652819 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Gastric problems are often caused by the well-known Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacterium. One of the biggest obstacles to the treatment of H. pylori infections is increasing the antibiotic resistance. During our search for naturally derived anti-H. pylori compounds, six major compounds were isolated from the methylene chloride (CH2Cl2) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fractions of Rumex acetosa that showed anti-H. pylori activity. Three anthraquinones and three anthraquinone glucosides were identified as the major chemical constituents of the CH2Cl2 and EtOAc fractions, respectively. The chemical structures were identified to be emodin (1), chrysophanol (2), physcion (3), emodin-8-O-β-d-glucoside (4), chrysophanol-8-O-β-d-glucoside (5), and physcion-8-O-β-d-glucoside (6) by UV, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectrometry. Anti-H. pylori activity, including the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of each compound, was evaluated against two H. pylori strains. All isolates exhibited anti-H. pylori activity with different potencies, with an MIC value ranging between 3.13 and 25 μM. However, some variations were found between the two strains. While compound 5 displayed the most potent antibacterial activity with an MIC50 value of 8.60 μM and an MIC90 value of 15.7 μM against H. pylori strain 51, compound 1 exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity against H. pylori strain 43504. The two compounds also showed moderate urease inhibitory activity, with compound 1 demonstrating activity higher than that of compound 5. Furthermore, a molecular docking study revealed the high binding ability of compounds 1 and 5 to the active site of H. pylori urease. The present study suggests that the six anthraquinones isolated from R. acetosa with the whole parts of this plant may be natural candidates for the treatment of H. pylori infection. Further studies are required to determine the exact mechanism of action and to evaluate safety issues in the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Min Kang
- College
of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Atif Ali Khan Khalil
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
- Department
of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Woo Sung Park
- College
of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Kim
- College
of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Kazi-Marjahan Akter
- College
of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Ji-Yeong Bae
- College
of Pharmacy, Jeju Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and
Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology
& Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | | | - Jung-Hwan Kim
- Department
of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Kwon Kyoo Kang
- Division
of Horticultural Biotechnology, Hankyong
National University, Anseong 17579, Korea
| | - Mi-Jeong Ahn
- College
of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
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Li YX, Li N, Li JJ, Zhang M, Zhu HT, Wang D, Zhang YJ. New seco-anthraquinone glucoside from the roots of Rumex crispus. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2022; 12:29. [PMID: 35918556 PMCID: PMC9346041 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-022-00350-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A new seco-anthraquinone, crispuside A (1), and three new 3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-ones, napthalenones A-C (2-4), were isolated from the roots of Rumex crispus L., along with 10 known anthraquinones (6-14) and naphthalenone (5). Their structures were fully determined by extensive spectroscopic analyses, including ECD, and X-ray crystallography in case of compound 5, whose absolute configuration was determined for the first time. The isolates 1, 6-14 were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and anti-fungal activity against three skin fungi, e.g., Epidermophyton floccosum, Trichophyton rubrum, and Microsporum gypseum. Most of the isolates showed weak anti-fungal and anti-inflammatory activity. Only compound 9 exhibited obvious anti-fungal activity against E. floccosum (MIC50 = 2.467 ± 0.03 μM) and M. gypseum (MIC50 = 4.673 ± 0.077 μM), while the MIC50 values of the positive control terbinafine were 1.287 ± 0.012 and 0.077 ± 0.00258 μM, respectively. The results indicated that simple emodin type anthraquinone is more potential against skin fungi than its oxyglucosyl, C-glucosyl and glycosylated seco analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Tao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, People's Republic of China.
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
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Mahnashi MH, Alqahtani YS, Alyami BA, Alqarni AO, Alqahl SA, Ullah F, Sadiq A, Zeb A, Ghufran M, Kuraev A, Nawaz A, Ayaz M. HPLC-DAD phenolics analysis, α-glucosidase, α-amylase inhibitory, molecular docking and nutritional profiles of Persicaria hydropiper L. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:26. [PMID: 35086537 PMCID: PMC8793238 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03510-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural phenolic compounds and Phenolics-rich medicinal plants are also of great interest in the management of diabetes. The current study was aimed to analyze phenolics in P. hydropiepr L extracts via HPLC-DAD analysis and assess their anti-diabetic potentials using in-vitro and in-silico approaches. METHODS Plant crude methanolic extract (Ph.Cme) was evaluated for the presence of phenolic compounds using HPLC-DAD analysis. Subsequently, samples including crude (Ph.Cr), hexane (Ph.Hex), chloroform (Ph.Chf), ethyl acetate (Ph.EtAc), butanol (Ph.Bt), aqueous (Ph.Aq) and saponins (Ph.Sp) were tested for α-glucsidase and α-amylase inhibitory potentials and identified compounds were docked against these target enzymes using Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) software. Fractions were also analyzed for the nutritional contents and acute toxicity was performed in animals. RESULTS In HPLC-DAD analysis of Ph.Cme, 24 compounds were indentfied and quantified. Among these, Kaemferol-3-(p-coumaroyl-diglucoside)-7-glucoside (275.4 mg g- 1), p-Coumaroylhexose-4-hexoside (96.5 mg g- 1), Quercetin-3-glucoronide (76.0 mg g- 1), 4-Caffeoylquinic acid (58.1 mg g- 1), Quercetin (57.9 mg g- 1), 5,7,3'-Trihydroxy-3,6,4',5'-tetramethoxyflavone (55.5 mg g- 1), 5-Feruloylquinic acid (45.8 mg g- 1), Cyanidin-3-glucoside (26.8 mg g- 1), Delphinidin-3-glucoside (24 mg g- 1), Quercetin-3-hexoside (20.7 mg g- 1) were highly abundant compounds. In α-glucosidase inhibition assay, Ph.Sp were most effective with IC50 value of 100 μg mL-1. Likewise in α-amylase inhibition assay, Ph.Chf, Ph.Sp and Ph.Cme were most potent fractions displayed IC50 values of 90, 100 and 200 μg mL-1 respectively. Docking with the α-glucosidase enzyme revealed top ranked conformations for majority of the compounds with Kaemferol-3-(p-coumaroyl-diglucoside)-7-glucoside as the most active compound with docking score of - 19.80899, forming 14 hydrogen bonds, two pi-H and two pi-pi linkages with the Tyr 71, Phe 158, Phe 177, Gln 181, Arg 212, Asp 214, Glu 276, Phe 300, Val 303, Tyr 344, Asp 349, Gln 350, Arg 439, and Asp 408 residues of the enzyme. Likewise, docking with α-amylase revealed that most of the compounds are well accommodated in the active site residues (Trp 59, Tyr 62, Thr 163, Leu 165, Arg 195, Asp 197, Glu 240, Asp 300, His 305, Asp 356) of the enzyme and Cyanidin-3-rutinoside displayed most active compound with docking score of - 15.03757. CONCLUSIONS Phytochemical studies revealed the presence of highly valuable phenolic compounds, which might be responsible for the anti-diabetic potentials of the plant samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mater H. Mahnashi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahya S. Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandar A. Alyami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali O. Alqarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Farhat Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir (L), KP 18000 Pakistan
| | - Abdul Sadiq
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir (L), KP 18000 Pakistan
| | - Alam Zeb
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir (L), KP 18000 Pakistan
| | - Mehreen Ghufran
- Department of Pathology, MTI Bacha Khan Medical College, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Alexey Kuraev
- K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (The First Cossack University), 73, Zemlyanoy Val St, Moscow, Russian Federation 109004
| | - Asif Nawaz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir (L), KP 18000 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ayaz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir (L), KP 18000 Pakistan
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Orhan IE, Deniz FSS. Natural Products and Extracts as Xantine Oxidase Inhibitors - A Hope for Gout Disease? Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:143-158. [PMID: 32723252 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200728144605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Xanthine oxidase (EC 1.17.3.2) (XO) is one of the main enzymatic sources that create reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the living system. It is a dehydrogenase enzyme that performs electron transfer to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), while oxidizing hypoxanthin, which is an intermediate compound in purine catabolism, first to xanthine and then to uric acid. XO turns into an oxidant enzyme that oxidizes thiol groups under certain stress conditions in the tissue. The last metabolic step, in which hypoxanthin turns into uric acid, is catalyzed by XO. Uric acid, considered a waste product, can cause kidney stones and gouty-type arthritis as it is crystallized, when present in high concentrations. Thus, XO inhibitors are one of the drug classes used against gout, a purine metabolism disease that causes urate crystal storage in the joint and its surroundings caused by hyperuricemia. Urate-lowering therapy includes XO inhibitors that reduce uric acid production as well as uricosuric drugs that increase urea excretion. Current drugs that obstruct uric acid synthesis through XO inhibition are allopurinol, febuxostat, and uricase. However, since the side effects, safety and tolerability problems of some current gout medications still exist, intensive research is ongoing to look for new, effective, and safer XO inhibitors of natural or synthetic origins for the treatment of the disease. In the present review, we aimed to assess in detail XO inhibitory capacities of pure natural compounds along with the extracts from plants and other natural sources via screening Pubmed, Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, and Google Academic. The data pointed out to the fact that natural products, particularly phenolics such as flavonoids (quercetin, apigenin, and scutellarein), tannins (agrimoniin and ellagitannin), chalcones (melanoxethin), triterpenes (ginsenoside Rd and ursolic acid), stilbenes (resveratrol and piceatannol), alkaloids (berberin and palmatin) have a great potential for new XO inhibitors capable of use against gout disease. In addition, not only plants but other biological sources such as microfungi, macrofungi, lichens, insects (silk worms, ants, etc) seem to be the promising sources of novel XO inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilkay E Orhan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma S S Deniz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey
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In Vitro Study of Two Edible Polygonoideae Plants: Phenolic Profile, Cytotoxicity, and Modulation of Keap1-Nrf2 Gene Expression. Foods 2021; 10:foods10040811. [PMID: 33918566 PMCID: PMC8070220 DOI: 10.3390/foods10040811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polygonum aviculare and Persicaria amphibia (subfam. Polygonoideae) are used in traditional cuisines and folk medicine in various cultures. Previous studies indicated that phytochemicals obtained from Polygonoideae plants could sensitize chemoresistant cancer cells and enhance the efficacy of some cytostatics. Here, the cytotoxic properties of chemically characterized ethanol extracts obtained from P. aviculare and P. amphibia, individually and in combination with doxorubicin (D), were determined against hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells. Phenolic composition, cell viability, cell cycle, apoptosis, and the expression of Keap1 and Nrf2 were examined by following methods: LC-MS/MS, LC-DAD-MS, MTT, flow cytometry, and qRT-PCR. Extracts were rich in dietary polyphenolics. Synergistic cytotoxicity was detected for extracts combined with D. The observed synergisms are linked to the interference with apoptosis, cell cycle, and expression of Keap1-Nrf2 genes involved in cytoprotection. The combined approach of extracts and D could emerge as a potential pathway of chemotherapy improvement.
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Biswas B, Dey N, Kumar GN, Arya R, Khurana A. Physicochemical standardisation of the homoeopathic drug Rumex acetosella and its comparison with another homoeopathic drug, Rumex crispus. INDIAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN HOMOEOPATHY 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/ijrh.ijrh_104_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Biochemical Activity and Hypoglycemic Effects of Rumex obtusifolius L. Seeds Used in Armenian Traditional Medicine. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:4526352. [PMID: 30533432 PMCID: PMC6247722 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4526352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious chronic metabolic disorder. Various diseases are being treated with medicinal plants and that is because of the less side effects of the current therapy. The diversity of plants in Armenia is due to the singularity of natural environment. However, biochemical activity of these plants has not been studied well. Thus, the goal was to investigate biochemical activity and antihyperglycemic properties of Rumex obtusifolius L. in rabbits with hyperglycemia. The high content of total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and tannins has been determined in this plant extract. Oral administration of ethanol extract showed significant effect on hyperglycemia, reducing fasting glucose levels (57.3%, p<0.05), improving glucose tolerance, and increasing liver glycogen content (1.5-fold, p<0.01) compared to the hyperglycemic control group. Furthermore, ethanol extract of R. obtusifolius reduced total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and vice versa increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and also decreased liver enzymes levels (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase) compared with untreated group. These findings suggest that R. obtusifolius may have beneficial effects and should be supplement, as herbal remedy in the treatment of DM.
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Selected Enzyme Inhibitory Effects of Euphorbia characias Extracts. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:1219367. [PMID: 30003087 PMCID: PMC5996446 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1219367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Extracts of aerial part of Euphorbia characias were examined to check potential inhibitors for three selected enzymes involved in several metabolic disorders. Water and ethanol extracts from leaves and flowers showed in vitro inhibitory activity toward α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and xanthine oxidase. IC50 values were calculated for all the extracts and the ethanolic extracts were found to exert the best effect. In particular, for the α-glucosidase activity, the extracts resulted to be 100-fold more active than the standard inhibitor. The inhibition mode was investigated by Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis. E. characias extracts display different inhibition behaviors toward the three enzymes acting as uncompetitive, noncompetitive, and mixed-type inhibitors. Moreover, ethanolic extracts of E. characias showed no cytotoxic activity and exhibited antioxidant capacity in a cellular model. The LC-DAD metabolic profile was also performed and it showed that leaves and flowers extracts contain high levels of quercetin derivatives. The results suggest that E. characias could be a promising source of natural inhibitors of the enzymes involved in carbohydrate uptake disorders and oxidative stress.
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Xanthine oxidase inhibitors from Archidendron clypearia (Jack.) I.C. Nielsen: Results from systematic screening of Vietnamese medicinal plants. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2017; 10:549-556. [PMID: 28756918 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To screen Vietnamese medicinal plants for xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity and to isolate XO inhibitor(s) from the most active plant. METHODS The plants materials were extracted by methanol. The active plant materials were fractionated using different organic solvents, including n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. Bioassay-guided fractionation and column chromatography were used to isolate compounds. The compounds structures were elucidated by analysis of spectroscopic data, including IR, MS, and NMR. RESULTS Three hundreds and eleven methanol extracts (CME) belonging to 301 Vietnamese herbs were screened for XO inhibitory activity. Among these plants, 57 extracts displayed XO inhibitory activity at 100 μg/mL with inhibition rates of over 50%. The extracts of Archidendron clypearia (A. clypearia), Smilax poilanei, Linociera ramiflora and Passiflora foetida exhibited the greatest potency with IC50 values below 30 μg/mL. Chemical study performed on the extract of A. clypearia resulted in the isolation of six compounds, including 1-octacosanol, docosenoic acid, daucosterol, methyl gallate, quercitrin and (-)-7-O-galloyltricetiflavan. The compound (-)-7-O-galloyltricetiflavan showed the most potent XO inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 25.5 μmol/L. CONCLUSIONS From this investigation, four Vietnamese medicinal plants were identified to have XO inhibitory effects with IC50 values of the methanol extracts below 30 μg/mL. Compound (-)-7-O- galloyltricetiflavan was identified as an XO inhibitor from A. clypearia with IC50 value of 25.5 μmol/L.
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Kırmızıbekmez H, Tiftik K, Kúsz N, Orban-Gyapai O, Zomborszki ZP, Hohmann J. Three New Iridoid Glycosides from the Aerial Parts ofAsperula involucrata. Chem Biodivers 2017; 14. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201600288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Kırmızıbekmez
- Department of Pharmacognosy; Faculty of Pharmacy; Yeditepe University; TR-34755 Kayışdağı, İstanbul Turkey
| | - Kubilay Tiftik
- Faculty of Pharmacy; Yeditepe University; TR-34755 Kayışdağı, İstanbul Turkey
| | - Norbert Kúsz
- Institute of Pharmacognosy; University of Szeged; Eötvös u 6 H-6720 Szeged Hungary
| | - Orsolya Orban-Gyapai
- Institute of Pharmacognosy; University of Szeged; Eötvös u 6 H-6720 Szeged Hungary
| | | | - Judit Hohmann
- Institute of Pharmacognosy; University of Szeged; Eötvös u 6 H-6720 Szeged Hungary
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Natural Products; University of Szeged; Eötvös u. 6. H-6720 Szeged Hungary
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Liu YH, Weng YP, Lin HY, Tang SW, Chen CJ, Liang CJ, Ku CY, Lin JY. Aqueous extract of Polygonum bistorta modulates proteostasis by ROS-induced ER stress in human hepatoma cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41437. [PMID: 28134285 PMCID: PMC5278379 DOI: 10.1038/srep41437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains the leading cause of cancer mortality with limited therapeutic targets. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays a pivotal role in maintaining proteostasis in normal cells. However, alterations in proteostasis are often found in cancer cells, making it a potential target for therapy. Polygonum bistorta is used in traditional Chinese medicine owing to its anticancer activities, but the molecular and pharmacological mechanisms remain unclear. Using hepatoma cells as a model system, this study demonstrated that P. bistorta aqueous extract (PB) stimulated ER stress by increasing autophagosomes but by blocking degradation, followed by the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins and cell apoptosis. In addition, an autophagy inhibitor did not enhance ubiquitinated protein accumulation whereas a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger diminished both ubiquitinated protein accumulation and ligand-stimulated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression, suggesting that ROS generation by PB may be upstream of PB-triggered cell death. Nevertheless, PB-exerted proteostasis impairment resulted in cytoskeletal changes, impairment of cell adhesion and motility, and inhibition of cell cycle progression. Oral administration of PB delayed tumour growth in a xenograft model without significant body weight loss. These findings indicate that PB may be a potential new alternative or complementary medicine for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Huei Liu
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Genetics and Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Yui-Ping Weng
- Graduate Institute of Biological Science and Technology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, 717, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, 717, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Yuan Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 116, Taiwan
| | - Sai-Wen Tang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Jung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Jung Liang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yu Ku
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Yaw Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 116, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
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14
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Allergen of the Month--Monk's Rhubarb. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2016; 115:A13. [PMID: 26433409 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Vasas A, Orbán-Gyapai O, Hohmann J. The Genus Rumex: Review of traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 175:198-228. [PMID: 26384001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The approximately 200 species of the genus Rumex (sorrel, Polygonaceae) are distributed worldwide (European, Asian, African and American countries). Some species have been used traditionally as vegetables and for their medicinal properties. Based on the traditional knowledge, different phytochemical and pharmacological activities have been at the focus of research. This review aims to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge of local and traditional medical uses, chemical constituents, pharmacological activities, toxicity, and safety of Rumex species, in order to identify the therapeutic potential of Rumex species and further directions of research. MATERIALS AND METHODS The selection of relevant data was made through a search using the keyword "Rumex" in "Scopus", "Google Scholar", "Web of Science", "PubMed", and "ScienceDirect" databases. Plant taxonomy was validated by the databases "The Plant List", and "Mansfeld's Encyclopedia". Additional information on traditional use and botany was obtained from published books and MSc dissertations. RESULTS This review discusses the current knowledge of the chemistry, the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological studies carried out on the extracts, and the main active constituents, isolated from plants of genus Rumex. Although, there are about 200 species in this genus, most of the phytochemical and pharmacological studies were performed on up to 50 species. The aerial parts, leaves and roots of the plants are used as vegetables and for the treatment of several health disorders such as mild diabetes, constipation, infections, diarrhoea, oedema, jaundice, and as an antihypertensive, diuretic and analgesic and in case of skin, liver and gallbladder disorders, and inflammation. Many phytochemical investigations on this genus confirmed that Rumex species are rich in anthraquinones, naphthalenes, flavonoids, stilbenoids, triterpenes, carotenoids, and phenolic acids. Moreover, it draws the attention that high level of oxalic acid in some species can cause toxicity (kidney stones) if consumed large quantity. CONCLUSIONS This review confirms that some Rumex species have emerged as a good source of the traditional medicine for treatment of inflammation, cancer and different bacterial infections and provides new insights for further promising investigations on isolated compounds, especially quercetin 3-O-glucoside, emodin, nepodin, torachrysone, and trans-resveratrol to find novel therapeutics and aid drug discovery. In addition, hepatoprotective, antiviral and antidiabetic activities should have priority in future pharmacological studies. However, for applying species to prevent or treat various diseases, additional pharmacological studies are needed to find the mechanism of actions, safety and efficacy of them before starting clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vasas
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Orbán-Gyapai
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Hungary
| | - Judit Hohmann
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Hungary.
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