Phytochemical and Pharmacological Investigations on Nymphoides indica Leaf Extracts

Iridoid Glycosides and Coumarin Glycoside Derivatives from the Roots of Nymphoides peltata and Their In Vitro Wound Healing Properties

Nymphoides peltata has been used as a medicinal herb in traditional medicines to treat strangury, polyuria, and swelling. The phytochemical investigation of the MeOH extract of N. peltata roots led to the isolation of three iridoid glycosides and three coumarin glycoside derivatives, which were characterized as menthiafolin (1), threoninosecologanin (2), callicoside C (3), and scopolin (4), as well as two undescribed peltatamarins A (5) and B (6). The chemical structures of the undescribed compounds were determined by analyzing their 1 dimensional (D) and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra and using high-resolution (HR)-electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS), along with the chemical reaction of acid hydrolysis. The wound healing activities of the isolated compounds 1-6 were evaluated using a HaCaT cell scratch test. Among the isolates, scopolin (4) and peltatamarin A (5) promoted HaCaT cell migration over scratch wounds, and compound 5 was the most effective. Furthermore, compound 5 significantly promoted cell migration without adversely affecting cell proliferation, even when treated at a high dose (100 μM). Our results demonstrate that peltatamarin A (5), isolated from N. peltata roots, has the potential for wound healing effects.

Molecular mechanisms of microbiome modulation by the eukaryotic secondary metabolite azelaic acid

Photosynthetic eukaryotes, such as microalgae and plants, foster fundamentally important relationships with their microbiome based on the reciprocal exchange of chemical currencies. Among these, the dicarboxylate metabolite azelaic acid (Aze) appears to play an important, but heterogeneous, role in modulating these microbiomes, as it is used as a carbon source for some heterotrophs but is toxic to others. However, the ability of Aze to promote or inhibit growth, as well as its uptake and assimilation mechanisms into bacterial cells are mostly unknown. Here, we use transcriptomics, transcriptional factor coexpression networks, uptake experiments, and metabolomics to unravel the uptake, catabolism, and toxicity of Aze on two microalgal-associated bacteria, Phycobacter and Alteromonas, whose growth is promoted or inhibited by Aze, respectively. We identify the first putative Aze transporter in bacteria, a 'C4-TRAP transporter', and show that Aze is assimilated through fatty acid degradation, with further catabolism occurring through the glyoxylate and butanoate metabolism pathways when used as a carbon source. Phycobacter took up Aze at an initial uptake rate of 3.8×10-9 nmol/cell/hr and utilized it as a carbon source in concentrations ranging from 10 μM to 1 mM, suggesting a broad range of acclimation to Aze availability. For growth-impeded bacteria, we infer that Aze inhibits the ribosome and/or protein synthesis and that a suite of efflux pumps is utilized to shuttle Aze outside the cytoplasm. We demonstrate that seawater amended with Aze becomes enriched in bacterial families that can catabolize Aze, which appears to be a different mechanism from that in soil, where modulation by the host plant is required. This study enhances our understanding of carbon cycling in the oceans and how microscale chemical interactions can structure marine microbial populations. In addition, our findings unravel the role of a key chemical currency in the modulation of eukaryote-microbiome interactions across diverse ecosystems.

3‴-O-Foliamenthoyl-Rutin, a New Flavonoid Glycoside from the Roots of Nymphoides peltata

Nymphoides peltata (Menyanthaceae) has been used as a medicinal herb in traditional medicines to treat conditions such as strangury, polyuria, swelling, and as a diuretic and antipyretic. In our ongoing research to discover novel structural and/or biological natural products in natural resources, five flavonoids, quercetin (1), quercitrin (2), isoquercetin (3), quercetin-3-O-vicianoside (4), and rutin (5), as well as a new flavonoid glycoside, 3‴-O-foliamenthoyl-rutin (6), were isolated from the MeOH extract of N. peltata roots. The chemical structure of the new compound (6) was determined by analyzing 1D and 2D NMR spectra and high-resolution (HR) electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (ESIMS), along with a chemical reaction. The wound-healing activities of the isolated compounds (1-6) were evaluated using a HaCaT cell scratch test. Among the isolates, isoquercetin (3), quercetin-3-O-vicianoside (4), and 3‴-O-foliamenthoyl-rutin (6) promoted HaCaT cell migration over scratch wounds, with compound 4 being the most effective. Our findings provide experimental data supporting the potential of quercetin-3-O-vicianoside (4) as a wound-healing agent.

UHPLC, ATR-FTIR analysis of Nymphoides indica rhizome extract and determination of antioxidant & antibiofilm potential

The aim of the study was to perform comprehensive phytochemical analysis, UHPLC, ATR-FTIR profiling and evaluation of various biological activities of N. Indica rhizome. The phytochemical analysis indicated presence of alkaloids, saponins, and triterpenes. In the antioxidant assay, the methanolic (IC50 40.3±0.04) and chloroform fractions (IC50 40.05±0.21) showed highest DPPH inhition. Like wise, methanolic fraction showed highest FRAP value (756.2±0.06) followed by chloroform (225.0±0.04) and ethyl acetate fractions (193.0±0.21). In the antimicrobial assays, chloroform (MIC < 0.156 mg/ml) and methanol fractions (MIC 0.625 mg/ml) fractions showed significant inhibition of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Also a significant antibiofilm of biofilm formation was recorded by chloroform (IC50 1.73 mg/ml) and ethyl acetate fractions (IC50 1.76 mg/ml). It was concluded that the N. Indica rhizome posess antioxidant, antimicrobial and antibiofilm potential, that may be attributed to high flavonoid contents.

Bioactivity of Natural Polyphenols as Antiparasitic Agents and their Biochemical Targets

BACKGROUND

Leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis are diseases that affect public health worldwide due to their high incidence, morbidity, and mortality. Available treatments are costly, prolonged, and toxic, not to mention the problem of parasite resistance. The development of alternative treatments is justified and polyphenols show promising activity.

OBJECTIVE

The main aim of this mini-review was to analyze the most promising phenolic compounds with reported antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal activity as well as their mechanisms of action.

RESULTS

We found that the mode of action of these natural compounds mainly lignans, neolignans, and flavonoids depends on the organism they act on and includes, macrophage activation, induction of morphological changes such as chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation, accumulation of acidocalcisomes, and glycosomes, Golgi damage and mitochondrial dysfunction as well as negative regulation of mitochondrial enzymes and other essential enzymes for parasite survival such as arginase. This gives a wide scope for future research towards the rational development of anti-kinetoplastid drugs.

CONCLUSION

Although the specific molecular targets, bioavailability, route of administration, and dosages of some of these natural compounds need to be determined, polyphenols and their combinations represent a very promising and safe strategy to be considered for use against Leishmania spp and Trypanosoma spp. In addition, these compounds may provide a scaffold for developing new, more potent, and more selective antiprotozoal agents.

Evaluation of the antibiofilm and antimicrobial activities of Glycyrrhiza glabra and Viola odorata in poly herbal formulations

Traditional polyherbal formulations are essential part of health system in various populations in the subcontinent region including Pakistan, however scientific evaluation of such claims are not significant. In this investigation, the antibiofilm and antimicrobial activities of Glycyrrhiza glabra and Viola odorata, two important ingredients of a traditional herbal formulation were determined in synergism. Various fractions of plants extract were prepared in the order of polarity. All fractions were tested against Gram negative (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi) bacteria and antimicrobial activity was assessed using agar diffusion method. The MIC (Minimum Inhibitory concentration), was assessed. Finally antibiofilm activities were determined using 96 micro wells plate by calculating percent inhibition. In case of Viola oldorata, the inhibition zone ranged between (6 mm to 18 mm±1.24) against the test strains. The highest inhibition was recorded against gram positive bacteria Strep: Pneumoniae (20 mm±0.99) followed by S. aureus (18 mm±1.02) using methanolic extract. A moderate level of inhibition was seen in case of Glycyrrhiza glabra against the microbial strains. It was noticed that Glycyrrhiza Glabra was more active against gram negative bacteria. The methanolic fraction presented highest activity against e coli (18 mm±0.96) followed by K. pneumoniae and P. aureginosa (12 mm±1.22).The MIC ranged between 4–8 mg/mL. During antibiofilm assay, a moderate level of inhibition occurs using the Viola odorata (40%inhibition) and Glycyrrhiza glabra (45%inhibition), that increased by using combination of both plants in 50:50 ratio. It was concluded that the effective properties of indigenous poly herbal formulation are due to synergism causing greater antibiofilm characteristics against the biofilm producer strains as well as other pathogenic microorganisms.

The antileishmanial activity of the antarctic brown alga Ascoseira mirabilis Skottsberg

Leishmaniasis is a group of diseases that have limited and high toxic therapeutic options. Herein, we evaluated the antileishmanial potential and cytotoxicity of hexanic extract obtained from the Antarctic brown alga Ascoseira mirabilis using bioguided fractionation against Leishmania amazonensis and murine macrophages, which was fractionated by SPE, yielding seven fractions (F1-F7). The fraction F6 showed good anti-amastigote activity (IC50 = 73.4 ± 0.4 μg mL-1) and low cytotoxicity (CC50 > 100 μg mL-1). Thus, in order to identify the bioactive constituent(s) of F6, the fraction was separated in a semipreparative HPLC, yielding four fractions (F6.1-F6.4). F6.2 was the most bioactive fraction (IC50 = 66.5 ± 4.5 μg mL-1) and GC-MS analyses revealed that the compounds octadecane, propanoic acid, 1-monomyristin and azelaic acid correspond to 61% of its composition. These data show for the first time the antileishmanial potential of the Antarctic alga A. mirabilis.

Differential susceptibility of distinct parts of the aquatic plant Nymphoides humboldtiana to herbivory supports the optimal defense theory

PREMISE

The optimal defense theory (ODT) predicts that the allocation of chemical defenses in plants will be concentrated in parts or tissues that are of higher fitness value for the individuals that produce them. Chemicals are known to be allocated to certain parts of aquatic plants, and the morphological architecture of Nymphoides humboldtiana, a species that exposes its parts to different environmental factors and consumers, may be an excellent model to evaluate within-plant susceptibility to consumers according to the ODT.

METHODS

Under laboratory experimental conditions, we evaluated the defensive properties of extracts from vegetative (leaves, rhizomes, roots) and reproductive (long stem internodes, flowers, fruits) parts of N. humboldtiana against consumption by the generalist herbivorous gastropod Biomphalaria glabrata. Extracts were also subjected to chemical analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography, principal component analysis, and analysis of their relationships to defensive actions.

RESULTS

Extracts of all vegetative and internode (reproductive) parts of N. humboldtiana exhibited defensive properties against B. glabrata, but the long stem internodes exhibited the highest percentage of inhibition. Chemical profiles of these parts were qualitatively and quantitatively different, but a major unidentified compound is presumably responsible for the higher defensive property found in internodes.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results support the ODT, since chemical defense was more effective in long stem internodes, which have a high fitness value for N. humboldtiana to keep the flowers emerged on the water surface in response to the rapid and dynamic changes in water levels typical of freshwater environments.

Green Approach: ''A Forwarding Step for Curing Leishmaniasis-A Neglected Tropical Disease''

The present review focuses on a dreaded vector-mediated leishmaniasis, with the existing therapeutic approaches including a variety of drugs along with their limitations, the treatment with natural compounds, and different types of metal/metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs). As evidenced, various metallic NPs, comprising silver, silver oxide, gold, zinc oxide, titanium, lead oxide, etc., played a curative role to treat leishmaniasis, are also presented. Keeping in view the advance success of vaccines against the prevalent dreaded diseases in the past and the present scenario, efforts are also being made to develop vaccines based on these NP formulations.

Inhibitory mechanism of O-methylated quercetins, highly potent β-secretase inhibitors isolated from Caragana balchaschensis (Kom.) Pojark

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE

Caragana has a standing history of implementation in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Most species of this genus have been explored for multi-functional purposes, such as promoting blood circulation and curing neuralgia, fatigue, migraine, arthritis, and vascular hypertension (Meng et al., 2009). Among them, the well-known species C. sinica showed the most promising potential to increase the expression of ADAM10 among 313 tested medicinal plants, which is one of the promising approach for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). (Schuck et al., 2015).

AIM OF THIS STUDY

The aim of this work is to explore β-secretase inhibitory activity of compounds isolated from the aerial part of endemic Caragana balchaschensis (Kom.) Pojark. We provided a full characterization of their inhibitory mechanisms, binding affinities, and binding modes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The isolation of quercetin derivatives was accomplished by various chromatographical approaches and their structures were annotated by spectroscopic analysis. The detailed kinetic behavior of β-secretase inhibitors was determined by estimation of kinetic parameters (K_m, V_max, K_I, and K_IS). Binding affinities (K_SV) and binding modes of inhibitors were elucidated by fluorescence quenching and molecular docking studies, respectively.

RESULTS

O-methylated quercetins (2-7) were significantly effective in β-secretase inhibition with IC₅₀ ranging from 1.2 to 6.5 μM. The most active one (6) was 20-fold effective than the mother skeleton, quercetin. The O-methyl motif was a critical factor in β-secretase inhibition: tri-O-methylated (1.2 μM) > di-O-methylated (3.5 μM) > mono-O-methylated (6.5 μM) > quercetin (25.2 μM). In the kinetic study, all quercetins (1-7) showed a noncompetitive inhibition, but glucoside ones (8 and 9) were mixed type I inhibitors. The binding affinities (K_SV) were agreed with inhibitory potencies. The O-methylated quercetins were annotated as the most natural abundant metabolites in the aerial part by LC-ESI-TOF/MS. Binding modes of inhibitors to enzyme were elucidated by molecular docking experiments.

CONCLUSION

This study disclosed that most of the major phenolic metabolites of the aerial part of C. balchaschensis are O-methylated quercetins, which have a significant inhibitory effect on β-secretase, which is a critical factor for AD.

Revisiting nature: a review of iridoids as a potential antileishmanial class

Leishmaniasis still stands as one of the most prevalent neglected tropical diseases in the least developed and emerging countries. The recommended therapeutic arsenal to treat leishmaniasis is characterized by several shortcomings, and resistance has already been reported. Hence, this dramatic background highlights the pressing need to develop novel, affordable, and safe antileishmanial drugs. Multiple classes of natural compounds have been reported to possess antileishmanial activity. Among these classes, iridoids stand out as a special type of monoterpenoids with diverse biological properties-including their antileishmanial potential. This review aims to discuss the available literature between 1991 and 2020 related to the antileishmanial activity of the iridoid class. Throughout the past decades, various investigations attributed antileishmanial action to assorted iridoid types, including inhibitory potential towards validated drug targets and immunomodulatory activity. The latter deserves special attention due to the ability of some iridoids to improve the host's immune response against parasites. It opens the possibility of iridoids become adjuncts in leishmaniasis treatments by improving the efficacy of currently employed drugs. Furthermore, the present study intends to provide a convenient visual representation of which iridoids and Leishmania spp. species have been most investigated as a guide for further researches.

Antioxidant and antiglycation activities of traditional plants and identification of bioactive compounds from extracts of Hordeum vulgare by LC-MS and GC-MS

Glycation has been involved in Schiff base reaction lead to hyperglycemia at cellular level. The current study aimed to identify the bioactive compounds from selected folkloric plants for their antiglycation and antioxidant potential. Methanol extracts demonstrated the highest activities, therefore, it was further fractionated using n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanol solvents to isolate the nonpolar compounds from the Hordeum vulgare. Moreover, n-hexane and dichloromethane fractions of H. vulgare demonstrated the best antioxidant (61.58% and 62.89%) and antiglycation activities (72.52% and 61.52%) at 2 mg/ml, respectively. Analytical techniques of LC-MS and GC-MS were employed for identification of bioactive compounds; Biochanin A in dichloromethane (DCM) and Vitamin E in n-hexane fractions. There was a strong correlation between antioxidant and antiglycation activities (r = 0.97 and r = 0.96) of DCM & n-hexane fractions of H. vulgare. Findings of this study established the role of Biochanin A and Vit E from H. vulgare as potent antiglycation agents. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The results of this study confirmed the potential role of Black Barley has involved in the inhibition of protein glycation, which can be the potential treatment to reduce the complications of Diabetic Patients. The Black Barley has a rich source of identified compounds Biochanin A and Vitamin E. We can use this plant as a staple food in curing the severity of diabetes. The other practical approach is to use this plant as an ingredient of different food products. The extraction of identified bioactive compounds from the plant will be a good and cheap source of the treatment.

Flavonoid-derived Privileged Scaffolds in anti-Trypanosoma brucei Drug Discovery

BACKGROUND

Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT), also known as sleeping sickness is one of the 20 neglected tropical diseases listed by the World Health Organization, which lead to death if left untreated. This disease is caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, which is the chronic form of the disease present in western and central Africa, and by T. brucei rhodesiense, which is the acute form of the disease located in eastern and southern Africa. Many reports have highlighted the effectiveness of flavonoid-based compounds against T. brucei.

OBJECTIVE

The present review summarizes the current standings and perspectives for the use of flavonoids as lead compounds for the potential treatment of HAT.

METHODS

A literature search was conducted for naturally occurring and synthetic anti-T brucei flavonoids by referencing textbooks and scientific databases (SciFinder, PubMed, Science Direct, Wiley, ACS, SciELO, Google Scholar, Springer, among others) from their inception until February 2019.

RESULTS

Flavonoids isolated from different parts of plants and species were reported to exhibit moderate to high in vitro antitrypanosomal activity against T. brucei. In addition, synthetic flavonoids revealed anti-T. brucei activity. Molecular interactions of bioactive flavonoids with T. brucei protein targets showed promising results.

CONCLUSION

According to in vitro anti-T brucei studies, there is evidence that flavonoids might be lead compounds for the potential treatment of HAT. However, toxicological studies, as well as the mechanism of action of the in vitro active flavonoids are needed to support their use as potential leads for the treatment of HAT.

Untargeted LC-MS metabolomic studies of Asteraceae species to discover inhibitors of Leishmania major dihydroorotate dehydrogenase

INTRODUCTION

Interesting data about the family Asteraceae as a new source of Leishmania major dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (LmDHODH) inhibitors are presented. This key macromolecular target for parasites causing neglected diseases catalyzes the fourth reaction of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway, which takes part in major cell functions, including DNA and RNA biosynthesis.

OBJECTIVES

We aimed to (1) determine LmDHODH inhibitor candidates, revealing the type of chemistry underlying such bioactivity, and (2) predict the inhibitory potential of extracts from new untested plant species, classifying them as active or inactive based on their LC-MS based metabolic fingerprints.

METHODS

Extracts from 150 species were screened for the inhibition of LmDHODH, and untargeted UHPLC-(ESI)-HRMS metabolomic studies were carried out in combination with in silico approaches.

RESULTS

The IC₅₀ values determined for a subset of 59 species ranged from 148 µg mL^-1 to 9.4 mg mL^-1. Dereplication of the metabolic fingerprints allowed the identification of 48 metabolites. A reliable OPLS-DA model (R² > 0.9, Q² > 0.7, RMSE_CV < 0.3) indicated the inhibitor candidates; nine of these metabolites were identified using data from isolated chemical standards, one of which-4,5-di-O-E-caffeoylquinic acid (IC₅₀ 73 µM)-was capable of inhibiting LmDHODH. The predictive OPLS model was also effective, with 60% correct predictions for the test set.

CONCLUSION

Our approach was validated for (1) the discovery of LmDHODH inhibitors or interesting starting points for the optimization of new leishmanicides from Asteraceae species and (2) the prediction of extracts from untested species, classifying them as active or inactive.

Expression profiling of Sudanese visceral leishmaniasis patients pre- and post-treatment with sodium stibogluconate

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Sudan caused by Leishmania donovani is fatal in susceptible individuals if untreated. Treatment with sodium stibogluconate (SSG) leads to post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) in 58% of patients. Here, Affymetrix microarrays were used to identify genes differentially expressed in lymph nodes (N=9 paired samples) pre- and post-treatment with SSG. Using the Bioconductor package limma, 438 genes from 28 869 post-quality-control probe sets were differentially expressed (P_nominal ≤.02) post- vs pretreatment. Canonical pathway analysis using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis™ identified "role of nuclear factor of activated T-cell in regulation of immune response" (P_nominal =1.35×10^-5 ; P_BH-adjusted =4.79×10^-3 ), "B-cell development" (P_nominal =2.04×10^-4 ; P_BH-adjusted =.024), "Fcγ receptor-mediated phagocytosis in macrophages and monocytes" (P_nominal =2.04×10^-4 ; P_BH-adjusted =.024) and "OX40 signalling" (P_nominal =2.82×10^-4 ; P_BH-adjusted =.025) as pathways differentially regulated post- vs pretreatment. Major network hub genes included TP53, FN1, MYC, BCL2, JUN, SYK, RUNX2, MMP1 and ACTA2. Top endogenous upstream regulators included IL-7 (P=2.28×10^-6 ), TNF (P=4.26×10^-6 ), Amyloid Precursor Protein (P=4.23×10^-5 ) and SPI1/PI.1 (P=1.17×10^-7 ). Top predicted chemical drug regulators included the flavonoid genistein (P=4.56×10^-7 ) and the quinoline alkaloid camptothecin (P=5.14×10^-5 ). These results contribute to our understanding of immunopathology associated with VL and response to SSG treatment. Further replication could identify novel therapeutic strategies that improve on SSG treatment and reduce the likelihood of progression to PKDL.

In Vitro and In Silico Antidiabetic and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Constituents from Kickxia ramosissima (Nanorrhinum ramosissimum)

Background and Aims:Kickxia ramosissima (Wall.) Janch (or Nanorrhinum ramosissimum (Wall.) Betsche is a well-known medicinal plant in Pakistan that is traditionally used in diabetic and inflammatory conditions. Because little information is available on its phytochemical composition, a range of constituents were isolated and evaluated in vitro in assays related to the traditional use.

Methods: Dried whole plant material was extracted and chromatographically fractionated. Isolated constituents were evaluated in silico and in vitro in assays related to the traditional use against diabetes (inhibition of α-glucosidase activity; inhibition of advanced glycation endproducts) and in inflammatory conditions (inhibition of AAPH induced linoleic acid peroxidation, inhibition of 15-LOX, antimicrobial activity).

Results: Phytochemical analysis of the extracts and fractions led to isolation of 7 compounds, including the iridoids kickxiasine (being a new compound), mussaenosidic acid, mussaenoside and linarioside; the flavonoids pectolinarigenin and pectolinarin; and 4-hydroxy-benzoic acid methyl ester. The iridoids showed weak antiglycation activity. The flavonoids, however, showed interesting results as pectolinarigenin was highly active compared to pectolinarin. In the α-glucosidase inhibition assay, only weak activity was observed for the iridoids. However, the flavonoid pectolinarigenin showed good activity, followed by pectolinarin. In the 15-LOX experiment, moderate inhibition was recorded for most compounds, the iridoids mussaenosidic acid and mussaenoside being the most active. In the AAPH assay, weak or no inhibition was recorded for all compounds. The in silico assays for the α-glucosidase and 15-LOX assays confirmed the results of respective in vitro assays. Pectolinarigenin showed moderate antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Plasmodium falciparum K1, and Trypanosoma cruzi, but it was not cytotoxic on a human MRC-5 cell line.

Conclusion: Our findings may in part contribute to explain the traditional use of K. ramosissima.

Antiprotozoal and Antiglycation Activities of Sesquiterpene Coumarins from Ferula narthex Exudate

The exudate of Ferula narthex Boiss. (Apiaceae) is widely used in the Indian subcontinent as a spice and because of its health effects. Six sesquiterpene coumarins have been isolated from this exudate: feselol, ligupersin A, asacoumarin A, 8'-O-acetyl-asacoumarin A, 10'R-karatavacinol and 10'R-acetyl-karatavacinol. Based on its use in infectious and diabetic conditions, the isolated constituents were evaluated for antimicrobial and antiglycation activities. Some compounds showed activity against protozoal parasites, asacoumarin A being the most active one against Plasmodium falciparum K1 (IC50 1.3 μM). With regard to antiglycation activity, in the BSA-glucose test, ligupersin A displayed the highest activity (IC50 0.41 mM), being more active than the positive control aminiguanidine (IC50 1.75 mM). In the BSA-MGO assay, the highest activity was shown by 8'-O-acetyl-asacoumarin A (IC50 1.03 mM), being less active than aminoguanidine (IC50 0.15 mM). Hence, the antiglycation activity of the isolated constituents was due to both oxidative and non-oxidative modes of inhibition.