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Jiang H, Yang J, Li T, Wang X, Fan Z, Ye Q, Du Y. JAK/STAT3 signaling in cardiac fibrosis: a promising therapeutic target. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1336102. [PMID: 38495094 PMCID: PMC10940489 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1336102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a serious health problem because it is a common pathological change in almost all forms of cardiovascular diseases. Cardiac fibrosis is characterized by the transdifferentiation of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) into cardiac myofibroblasts and the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) components produced by activated myofibroblasts, which leads to fibrotic scar formation and subsequent cardiac dysfunction. However, there are currently few effective therapeutic strategies protecting against fibrogenesis. This lack is largely because the molecular mechanisms of cardiac fibrosis remain unclear despite extensive research. The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling cascade is an extensively present intracellular signal transduction pathway and can regulate a wide range of biological processes, including cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, apoptosis, and immune response. Various upstream mediators such as cytokines, growth factors and hormones can initiate signal transmission via this pathway and play corresponding regulatory roles. STAT3 is a crucial player of the JAK/STAT pathway and its activation is related to inflammation, malignant tumors and autoimmune illnesses. Recently, the JAK/STAT3 signaling has been in the spotlight for its role in the occurrence and development of cardiac fibrosis and its activation can promote the proliferation and activation of CFs and the production of ECM proteins, thus leading to cardiac fibrosis. In this manuscript, we discuss the structure, transactivation and regulation of the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway and review recent progress on the role of this pathway in cardiac fibrosis. Moreover, we summarize the current challenges and opportunities of targeting the JAK/STAT3 signaling for the treatment of fibrosis. In summary, the information presented in this article is critical for comprehending the role of the JAK/STAT3 pathway in cardiac fibrosis, and will also contribute to future research aimed at the development of effective anti-fibrotic therapeutic strategies targeting the JAK/STAT3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Junjie Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhongcai Fan
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiang Ye
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanfei Du
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Kodi T, Sankhe R, Gopinathan A, Nandakumar K, Kishore A. New Insights on NLRP3 Inflammasome: Mechanisms of Activation, Inhibition, and Epigenetic Regulation. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2024; 19:7. [PMID: 38421496 PMCID: PMC10904444 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-024-10101-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are important modulators of inflammation. Dysregulation of inflammasomes can enhance vulnerability to conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases, autoinflammatory diseases, and metabolic disorders. Among various inflammasomes, Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) is the best-characterized inflammasome related to inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. NLRP3 is an intracellular sensor that recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated patterns resulting in the assembly and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. The NLRP3 inflammasome includes sensor NLRP3, adaptor apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC), and effector cysteine protease procaspase-1 that plays an imperative role in caspase-1 stimulation which further initiates a secondary inflammatory response. Regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome ameliorates NLRP3-mediated diseases. Much effort has been invested in studying the activation, and exploration of specific inhibitors and epigenetic mechanisms controlling NLRP3 inflammasome. This review gives an overview of the established NLRP3 inflammasome assembly, its brief molecular mechanistic activations as well as a current update on specific and non-specific NLRP3 inhibitors that could be used in NLRP3-mediated diseases. We also focused on the recently discovered epigenetic mechanisms mediated by DNA methylation, histone alterations, and microRNAs in regulating the activation and expression of NLRP3 inflammasome, which has resulted in a novel method of gaining insight into the mechanisms that modulate NLRP3 inflammasome activity and introducing potential therapeutic strategies for CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triveni Kodi
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Runali Sankhe
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Adarsh Gopinathan
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Krishnadas Nandakumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Anoop Kishore
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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Liu C, Li S, Zhang C, Jin CH. Recent Advances in Research on Active Compounds Against Hepatic Fibrosis. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:2571-2628. [PMID: 37497688 DOI: 10.2174/0929867331666230727102016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Almost all chronic liver diseases cause fibrosis, which can lead to cirrhosis and eventually liver cancer. Liver fibrosis is now considered to be a reversible pathophysiological process and suppression of fibrosis is necessary to prevent liver cancer. At present, no specific drugs have been found that have hepatic anti-fibrotic activity. OBJECTIVE The research progress of anti-hepatic fibrosis compounds in recent ten years was reviewed to provide a reference for the design and development of anti-hepatic fibrosis drugs. METHODS According to the structure of the compounds, they are divided into monocyclic compounds, fused-heterocyclic compounds, and acyclic compounds. RESULTS In this article, the natural products and synthetic compounds with anti-fibrotic activity in recent ten years were reviewed, with emphasis on their pharmacological activity and structure-activity relationship (SAR). CONCLUSION Most of these compounds are natural active products and their derivatives, and there are few researches on synthetic compounds and SAR studies on natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| | - Siqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| | - Changhao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| | - Cheng-Hua Jin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
- Interdisciplinary of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
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Shi W, Xu G, Gao Y, Zhao J, Liu T, Zhao J, Yang H, Wei Z, Li H, Xu AL, Bai Z, Xiao X. Novel role for epalrestat: protecting against NLRP3 inflammasome-driven NASH by targeting aldose reductase. J Transl Med 2023; 21:700. [PMID: 37805545 PMCID: PMC10560438 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04380-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a progressive and inflammatory subtype of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) characterized by hepatocellular injury, inflammation, and fibrosis in various stages. More than 20% of patients with NASH will progress to cirrhosis. Currently, there is a lack of clinically effective drugs for treating NASH, as improving liver histology in NASH is difficult to achieve and maintain through weight loss alone. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate potential therapeutic drugs for NASH. METHODS BMDMs and THP1 cells were used to construct an inflammasome activation model, and then we evaluated the effect of epalrestat on the NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Western blot, real-time qPCR, flow cytometry, and ELISA were used to evaluate the mechanism of epalrestat on NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Next, MCD-induced NASH models were used to evaluate the therapeutic effects of epalrestat in vivo. In addition, to evaluate the safety of epalrestat in vivo, mice were gavaged with epalrestat daily for 14 days. RESULTS Epalrestat, a clinically effective and safe drug, inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation by acting upstream of caspase-1 and inducing ASC oligomerization. Importantly, epalrestat exerts its inhibitory effect on NLRP3 inflammasome activation by inhibiting the activation of aldose reductase. Further investigation revealed that the administration of epalrestat inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation in vivo, alleviating liver inflammation and improving NASH pathology. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated that epalrestat, an aldose reductase inhibitor, effectively suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation in vivo and in vitro and might be a new therapeutic approach for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, China
| | - Jia Zhao
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huijie Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ziying Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - An-Long Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhaofang Bai
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
- Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaohe Xiao
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
- Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Sun J, Li P, Gui H, Rittié L, Lombard DB, Rietscher K, Magin TM, Xie Q, Liu L, Omary MB. Deacetylation via SIRT2 prevents keratin-mutation-associated injury and keratin aggregation. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e166314. [PMID: 37485877 PMCID: PMC10443796 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.166314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Keratin (K) and other intermediate filament (IF) protein mutations at conserved arginines disrupt keratin filaments into aggregates and cause human epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS; K14-R125C) or predispose to mouse liver injury (K18-R90C). The challenge for more than 70 IF-associated diseases is the lack of clinically utilized IF-targeted therapies. We used high-throughput drug screening to identify compounds that normalized mutation-triggered keratin filament disruption. Parthenolide, a plant sesquiterpene lactone, dramatically reversed keratin filament disruption and protected cells and mice expressing K18-R90C from apoptosis. K18-R90C became hyperacetylated compared with K18-WT and treatment with parthenolide normalized K18 acetylation. Parthenolide upregulated the NAD-dependent SIRT2, and increased SIRT2-keratin association. SIRT2 knockdown or pharmacologic inhibition blocked the parthenolide effect, while site-specific Lys-to-Arg mutation of keratin acetylation sites normalized K18-R90C filaments. Treatment of K18-R90C-expressing cells and mice with nicotinamide mononucleotide had a parthenolide-like protective effect. In 2 human K18 variants that associate with human fatal drug-induced liver injury, parthenolide protected K18-D89H- but not K8-K393R-induced filament disruption and cell death. Importantly, parthenolide normalized K14-R125C-mediated filament disruption in keratinocytes and inhibited dispase-triggered keratinocyte sheet fragmentation and Fas-mediated apoptosis. Therefore, keratin acetylation may provide a novel therapeutic target for some keratin-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Sun
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Pei Li
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Honglian Gui
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Laure Rittié
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - David B. Lombard
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Katrin Rietscher
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas M. Magin
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Qing Xie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Li Liu
- Hepatology Unit and Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - M. Bishr Omary
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Fan M, Wang C, Zhao X, Jiang Y, Wang C. Parthenolide alleviates microglia-mediated neuroinflammation via MAPK/TRIM31/NLRP3 signaling to ameliorate cognitive disorder. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 120:110287. [PMID: 37182449 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Neuroinflammation, mainly mediated by microglia, is involved in the evolution of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Parthenolide (PTL) has diverse pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidative stress. However, whether PTL can modulate microglia-mediated neuroinflammation to improve cognitive impairment in amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 (APP/PS1) mice is unclear. METHODS LPS/IFN-γ-induced BV2 and HMC3 microglia were used for in vitro experiments; the roles of PTL on anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, phagocytic activity, and neuroprotection were assessed by inflammatory cytokines assays, dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, phagocytosis, and cell counting kit-8 assays. Western blot and immunofluorescence(IF) were used to examine related molecular mechanisms. In vivo, IF and western blot were applied in LPS-treated wild-type (WT) mice and APP/PS1 mice models. The Morris water maze test was performed to evaluate the effects of PTL on cognitive disorders. RESULTS In vitro, PTL dramatically suppressed proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α release and increased IL-10 levels. Moreover, PTL decreased reactive oxygen species and restored microglial phagocytic activities via the AKT/MAPK/ NF-κB signaling pathway. Importantly, we discovered that PTL obviously enhanced TRIM31 expression and siTRIM31 elevated proinflammatory cytokine levels. Furthermore, we determined that the anti-inflammatory role of PTL was mostly TRIM31/NLRP3 signaling-dependent. In vivo, PTL alleviated microgliosis and astrogliosis in LPS-treated WT and APP/PS1 mice. Additionally, PTL significantly ameliorated memory and learning deficits in cognitive behaviors. CONCLUSIONS PTL improved cognitive and behavioral dysfunction, inhibited neuroinflammation, and showed potent anti-neuroinflammatory activity and neuroprotective effects by improving the MAPK/TRIM31/NLRP3 axis. Our study emphasized the therapeutic potential of PTL for improving cognitive disorders during AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingde Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xueying Zhao
- Department of Transfusion, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yang Jiang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chengwei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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Zheng Y, Xie L, Yang D, Luo K, Li X. Small-molecule natural plants for reversing liver fibrosis based on modulation of hepatic stellate cells activation: An update. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 113:154721. [PMID: 36870824 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver fibrosis (LF) is a trauma repair process carried out by the liver in response to various acute and chronic liver injuries. Its primary pathological characteristics are excessive proliferation and improper dismissal of the extracellular matrix, and if left untreated, it will progress into cirrhosis, liver cancer, and other diseases. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation is intimately associated to the onset of LF, and it is anticipated that addressing HSCs proliferation can reverse LF. Plant-based small-molecule medications have anti-LF properties, and their mechanisms of action involve suppression of extracellular matrix abnormally accumulating as well as anti-inflammation and anti-oxidative stress. New targeting HSC agents will therefore be needed to provide a potential curative response. PURPOSE The most recent HSC routes and small molecule natural plants that target HSC described domestically and internationally in recent years were examined in this review. METHODS The data was looked up using resources including ScienceDirect, CNKI, Web of Science, and PubMed. Keyword searches for information on hepatic stellate cells included "liver fibrosis", "natural plant", "hepatic stellate cells", "adverse reaction", "toxicity", etc. RESULTS: We discovered that plant monomers can target and control various pathways to prevent the activation and proliferation of HSC and promote the apoptosis of HSC in order to achieve the anti-LF effect in this work by compiling the plant monomers that influence many common pathways of HSC in recent years. It demonstrates the wide-ranging potential of plant monomers targeting different routes to combat LF, with a view to supplying new concepts and new strategies for natural plant therapy of LF as well as research and development of novel pharmaceuticals. The investigation of kaempferol, physalin B, and other plant monomers additionally motivated researchers to focus on the structure-activity link between the main chemicals and LF. CONCLUSION The creation of novel pharmaceuticals can benefit greatly from the use of natural components. They are often harmless for people, non-target creatures, and the environment because they are found in nature, and they can be employed as the starting chemicals for the creation of novel medications. Natural plants are valuable resources for creating new medications with fresh action targets because they feature original and distinctive action mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Long Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Dejun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Kaipei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Guo NK, She H, Tan L, Zhou YQ, Tang CQ, Peng XY, Ma CH, Li T, Liu LM. Nano Parthenolide Improves Intestinal Barrier Function of Sepsis by Inhibiting Apoptosis and ROS via 5-HTR2A. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:693-709. [PMID: 36816330 PMCID: PMC9930579 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s394544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intestinal barrier dysfunction is an important complication of sepsis, while the treatment is limited. Recently, parthenolide (PTL) has attracted much attention as a strategy of sepsis, but whether nano parthenolide (Nano PTL) is therapeutic in sepsis-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction is obscured. Methods In this study, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis rats and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) were used to investigate the effect of PTL on intestinal barrier dysfunction. Meanwhile, we synthesized Nano PTL and compared the protective effect of Nano PTL with ordinary PTL on intestinal barrier function in septic rats and IECs. Network pharmacology and serotonin 2A (5-HTR2A) inhibitor were used to explore the mechanism of PTL on the intestinal barrier function of sepsis. Results The encapsulation rate of Nano PTL was 95±1.5%, the drug loading rate was 11±0.5%, and the average uptake rate of intestinal epithelial cells was 94%. Ordinary PTL and Nano PTL improved the survival rate and survival time of septic rats, reduced the mean arterial pressure and the serum level of inflammatory cytokines, and protected the liver and kidney functions in vivo, and increased the value of transmembrane resistance (TEER) reduced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis in IECs in vitro through 5-HTR2A. Nano PTL had better effect than ordinary PTL. Conclusion Ordinary PTL and Nano PTL can protect the intestinal barrier function of septic rats by inhibiting apoptosis and ROS through up-regulating 5-HTR2A, Nano PTL is better than ordinary PTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Ke Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China,The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Han She
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Qun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Qiong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Hua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Tao Li; Liang-Ming Liu, Email ;
| | - Liang-Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
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Xiu M, Zhao Y, Wang X, Yuan S, Qin B, Sun J, Cui L, Song J. Regulation of SIRT1-TLR2/TLR4 pathway in cell communication from macrophages to hepatic stellate cells contribute to alleviates hepatic fibrosis by Luteoloside. Acta Histochem 2023; 125:151989. [PMID: 36529079 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Regulating macrophage-hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) crosstalk through SIRT1-TLR2/TLR4 has contributed to the essence of new pharmacologic strategies to improve hepatic fibrosis. We investigated how Luteoloside (LUT), one of the flavonoid monomers isolated from Eclipta prostrata (L.) L., modulates macrophage-HSCs crosstalk during hepatic fibrosis. HSC-T6 or rat peritoneal macrophages were activated by TGF-β or LPS/ATP, and then treated with LUT or Sirtinol (SIRT1 inhibitor) for 6 h. Further, HSCs were cultured with the conditioned medium from the LPS/ATP activated peritoneal macrophages. In HSC-T6 or peritoneal macrophages, LUT could decrease the expressions of α-SMA, Collagen-I, the ratio of TIMP-1/MMP-13. LUT also significantly increased the expressions of SIRT1 and ERRα. And LUT significantly suppressed the releases of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β, and regulated signaling TLR2/TLR4-MyD88 activation. The expressions of TLR2, TLR4, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, α-SMA were increased and the expression of ERRα was decreased by Sirtinol, indicated that LUT might mediate SIRT1 to regulate TLR4 expression and further alleviate inflammation and fibrosis. LUT could regulate SIRT1-mediated TLR4 and ECM in HSCs was reduced, when HSCs were cultured with conditioned medium. Hence, LUT could decrease the expressions of fibrosis markers, reduce the releases of inflammatory cytokines in activated HSCs or macrophages. In conclusion, LUT might be a promising candidate that regulating SIRT1-TLR2/TLR4 signaling in macrophages interacting with HSCs during hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxue Xiu
- College of Pharmacy, Baicheng Medical College, Baicheng 137000, China
| | - Yiming Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Xuehui Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Siyu Yuan
- Siping Central People's Hospital, Siping City, Jilin Province 136000, China
| | - Bofeng Qin
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Jinghui Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China.
| | - Long Cui
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China.
| | - Jian Song
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China.
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Pathogenesis of Liver Fibrosis and Its TCM Therapeutic Perspectives. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5325431. [PMID: 35529927 PMCID: PMC9071861 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5325431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a pathological process of abnormal tissue proliferation in the liver caused by various pathogenic factors, which will further develop into cirrhosis or even hepatocellular carcinoma if liver injury is not intervened in time. As a diffuse progressive liver disease, its clinical manifestations are mostly excessive deposition of collagen-rich extracellular matrix resulting in scar formation due to liver injury. Hepatic fibrosis can be caused by hepatitis B and C, fatty liver, alcohol, and rare diseases such as hemochromatosis. As the metabolic center of the body, the liver regulates various vital activities. During the development of fibrosis, it is influenced by many other factors in addition to the central event of hepatic stellate cell activation. Currently, with the increasing understanding of TCM, the advantages of TCM with multiple components, pathways, and targets have been demonstrated. In this review, we will describe the factors influencing liver fibrosis, focusing on the effects of cells, intestinal flora, iron death, signaling pathways, autophagy and angiogenesis on liver fibrosis, and the therapeutic effects of herbal medicine on liver fibrosis.
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Shang Y, Jiang M, Chen N, Jiang XL, Zhan ZY, Zhang ZH, Zuo RM, Wang H, Lan XQ, Ren J, Wu YL, Cui ZY, Nan JX, Lian LH. Inhibition of HMGB1/TLR4 Signaling Pathway by Digitoflavone: A Potential Therapeutic Role in Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:2968-2983. [PMID: 35212223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Digitoflavone (DG) is a natural flavonoid abundant in many fruits, vegetables, and medicinal plants. We investigated whether DG inhibits lipid accumulation and inflammatory responses in alcoholic liver disease (ALD) in vivo and in vitro. The mouse ALD model was established by chronically feeding male C57BL/6 mice an ethanol-containing Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet. In vitro, mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPMs) and mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were stimulated with LPS/ATP, whereas HepG2 cells and mouse primary hepatocytes were treated with ethanol. DG reduced the serum levels of transaminase and serum and hepatic levels of triglycerides and malondialdehyde in ALD mice. DG downregulated SREBP1 and its target genes and upregulated PPARα and its target genes in the liver of mice with ALD. DG inhibited TLR4-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation, consequently reversing the inflammatory response, including the production of HMGB1, IL-1β, and IL-36γ, as well as the infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils. DG blocked NLRP3/ASC/caspase-1 inflammasome activation and HMGB1 release in LPS/ATP-stimulated MPMs. When Tlr4 was knocked in LPS/ATP-stimulated BMDMs, HMGB1 production and release were blocked, and NLRP3-mediated cleavage and release of IL-1β was suppressed in Hmgb1-silenced BMDMs. DG amplified these inhibitory effects in Tlr4 or Hmgb1 knockdown BMDMs. In ethanol-exposed hepatocytes, DG reduced lipogenesis and promoted lipid oxidation by inhibiting the HMGB1-TLR4 signaling pathway while suppressing the inflammatory response induced by ethanol exposure. Our data demonstrated that DG inhibited the occurrence of lipid accumulation and the inflammatory response via the HMGB1-TLR4 axis, underscoring a promising approach and utility of DG for the treatment of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University) of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai Campus, Yantai, Shandong 264000, China
| | - Nan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University) of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
- Interdisciplinary of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Xue-Li Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University) of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Zi-Ying Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University) of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University) of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Rong-Mei Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University) of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University) of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Xiao-Qi Lan
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University) of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
- Interdisciplinary of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University) of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Yan-Ling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University) of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
- Interdisciplinary of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Cui
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University) of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Ji-Xing Nan
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University) of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
- Interdisciplinary of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Li-Hua Lian
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University) of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
- Interdisciplinary of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
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Parthenolide and Its Soluble Analogues: Multitasking Compounds with Antitumor Properties. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020514. [PMID: 35203723 PMCID: PMC8962426 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its chemical properties and multiple molecular effects on different tumor cell types, the sesquiterpene lactone parthenolide (PN) can be considered an effective drug with significant potential in cancer therapy. PN has been shown to induce either classic apoptosis or alternative caspase-independent forms of cell death in many tumor models. The therapeutical potential of PN has been increased by chemical design and synthesis of more soluble analogues including dimethylaminoparthenolide (DMAPT). This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms of both PN and analogues action in tumor models, highlighting their effects on gene expression, signal transduction and execution of different types of cell death. Recent findings indicate that these compounds not only inhibit prosurvival transcriptional factors such as NF-κB and STATs but can also determine the activation of specific death pathways, increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and modifications of Bcl-2 family members. An intriguing property of these compounds is its specific targeting of cancer stem cells. The unusual actions of PN and its analogues make these agents good candidates for molecular targeted cancer therapy.
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Dou JY, Jiang YC, Hu ZH, Yao KC, Yuan MH, Bao XX, Zhou MJ, Liu Y, Li ZX, Lian LH, Nan JX, Wu YL. Betulin Targets Lipin1/2-Meidated P2X7 Receptor as a Therapeutic Approach to Attenuate Lipid Accumulation and Metaflammation. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2021; 30:246-256. [PMID: 34815367 PMCID: PMC9047492 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2021.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study focused on the potential mechanism of betulin (BT), a pentacyclic triterpenoid isolated from the bark of white birch (Betula pubescens), against chronic alcohol-induced lipid accumulation and metaflammation. AML-12 and RAW 264.7 cells were administered ethanol (EtOH), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or BT. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed Lieber-DeCarli liquid diets containing 5% EtOH for 4 weeks, followed by single EtOH gavage on the last day and simultaneous treatment with BT (20 or 50 mg/kg) by oral gavage once per day. In vitro, MTT showed that 0-25 mM EtOH and 0-25 μM BT had no toxic effect on AML-12 cells. BT could regulate sterolregulatory-element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), lipin1/2, P2X7 receptor (P2X7r) and NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) expressions again EtOH-stimulation. Oil Red O staining also indicated that BT significantly reduced lipid accumulation in EtOH-stimulated AML-12 cells. Lipin1/2 deficiency indicated that BT might mediate lipin1/2 to regulate SREBP1 and P2X7r expression and further alleviate lipid accumulation and inflammation. In vivo, BT significantly alleviated histopathological changes, reduced serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and triglyceride (TG) levels, and regulated lipin1/2, SREBP1, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α/γ (PPARα/γ) and PGC-1α expression compared with the EtOH group. BT reduced the secretion of inflammatory factors and blocked the P2X7r-NLRP3 signaling pathway. Collectively, BT attenuated lipid accumulation and metaflammation by regulating the lipin1/2-mediated P2X7r signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yi Dou
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Yu-Chen Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Zhong-He Hu
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Kun-Chen Yao
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Ming-Hui Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Xiao-Xue Bao
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Mei-Jie Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Zhao-Xu Li
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Li-Hua Lian
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Ji-Xing Nan
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Yan-Ling Wu
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
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Zhang ZH, Yang HX, Jin Q, Wu YL, Cui ZY, Shang Y, Liu J, Zhan ZY, Lian LH, Nan JX. Luteolin attenuates hepatic injury in septic mice by regulating P2X7R-based HMGB1 release. Food Funct 2021; 12:10714-10727. [PMID: 34607339 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01746b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) and NLRP3 cooperatively participate in inflammation and hepatocyte damage during hepatic injury induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS). High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) released from immune cells in response to such stimuli plays a vital role in mediating inflammation via TLR4 and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), a receptor for HMGB1. However, the correlation among P2X7R, RAGE and TLR4 in regulating the release of HMGB1 has not been elucidated. Increasing the number of daily foods is found to be beneficial for hepatocyte damage in septic hepatic injury. Hence, we investigated the effects of luteolin, a natural flavonoid mainly existing in vegetables and fruits, on liver injury, focusing on how luteolin participates in hepatitis based on the P2X7R-RAGE-TLR4 axis by regulating the release of HMGB1. The results demonstrated that the indicators of hepatic injury such as increased ALT, AST in the serum and infiltration of immune cells were attenuated after luteolin treatment in LPS-induced mice. Luteolin could also suppress the production and release of HMGB1 and the activation of caspase 1 both in LPS-induced mice and LPS/ATP-stimulated HepG2 cells. Collectively, luteolin reversed LPS-induced hepatic injury, especially inflammation, likely by regulating the release of HMGB1 through the P2X7R-RAGE-TLR4 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.
| | - Hong-Xu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.
| | - Quan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.
| | - Yan-Ling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.
| | - Zhen-Yu Cui
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.
| | - Yue Shang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.
| | - Jian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.
| | - Zi-Ying Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.
| | - Li-Hua Lian
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.
| | - Ji-Xing Nan
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.
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