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Asogwa FC, Apebende CG, Ugodi GW, Ebo P, Louis H, Ikeuba AI, Asogwa CJ, Gber TE, Ikot IJ, Owen AE. Anti-inflammatory, Immunomodulatory and DFT Evaluation of the Reactivity Indexes of Phytochemicals Isolated from Harungana madagascariensis. CHEMISTRY AFRICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42250-022-00569-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Synthesis, photocatalytic degradation and antibacterial properties of selenium or silver doped zinc oxide nanoparticles: A detailed review. OPENNANO 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.onano.2022.100082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Fitoussi R, Branchet MC, Garnier N, Beauchef G, Nkengne A, Vié K, Boisnic S. A Harungana madagascariensis extract with retinol-like properties - Gene upregulations and protein expressions in human fibroblasts and skin explants. Int J Cosmet Sci 2022; 44:201-215. [PMID: 35238059 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Because they limit, even reverse, age-induced skin alterations, retinoids became a staple in cosmetology. However, their use can result in undesired secondary effects and there is a demand for natural sources of compounds with retinoid like effects. A preliminary screening identified a Harungana madagascariensis plant extract (HME) as possibly inducing genes stimulated by retinol. We analysed its effect on gene and protein expression, comparing it to retinoids. METHODS Gene expression was analysed by real-time qPCR on RNA from isolated fibroblasts subjected to retinol or the plant extract for 6, 48 or 96 hours. Skin markers were quantified in fibroblasts cultured with retinol or extract containing medium, and UV-aged skin explants subjected to topical applications of creams containing retinol, retinaldehyde or HME. RESULTS Real-time qPCR show that the extract induced all RARs and RXRs, even RXRγ that was not induced by retinol. Eighty-eight percent of the 25 early retinoid reaction genes induced by a concentration of retinol are induced by the extract. In fibroblasts, only the extract increased collagen III labelling, while collagen I and fibronectin labelling are increased by retinol and the extract, with higher levels for the extract. When topically applied to UV-aged skin explants, only the cream containing the HME led to increased labelling of CRABP1 in the epidermis. CRABP2 and Ki67 are induced by all three creams and no effect was detected on RXRs. In the dermis the extract containing cream increased CRABP2, total collagen, procollagen I and collagen I while creams with retinol or retinaldehyde only affected some of these proteins. CONCLUSIONS The HME induces an overall retinol-like gene induction profile in isolated fibroblasts and retinoid-like stimulation of protein synthesis in both isolated fibroblasts and photoaged skin explants.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Fitoussi
- Laboratoires Clarins, 5 rue Ampère, 95300, Pontoise, France
| | - M-C Branchet
- Laboratoire GREDECO, 45 boulevard Vincent Auriol, 75013, Paris, France
| | - N Garnier
- Laboratoires Clarins, 5 rue Ampère, 95300, Pontoise, France
| | - G Beauchef
- Laboratoires Clarins, 5 rue Ampère, 95300, Pontoise, France
| | - A Nkengne
- Laboratoires Clarins, 5 rue Ampère, 95300, Pontoise, France
| | - K Vié
- Laboratoires Clarins, 5 rue Ampère, 95300, Pontoise, France
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Huang YP, Zhao YY, Johnson OO, Zhang J, Zhao M, Che CT, Yin ZQ. Further prenylated anthranoids from Harungana madagascariensis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 186:112711. [PMID: 33711738 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ten undescribed anthranoids, including three anthraquinone acetals as racemic mixtures, (±)-kenganthranol G-I, and seven prenylated anthranols, (±)-kenganthranol J-M and harunganol G-I, together with thirteen known compounds, were isolated from the stem bark of Harungana madagascariensis. The structures of (±)-kenganthranol G and (±)-kenganthranol J were confirmed by X-ray crystallography. (±)-Kenganthranol G was separated into (+)-kenganthranol G and (-)-kenganthranol G by chiral HPLC and their absolute configurations were established by electronic circular dichroism. (±)-Kenganthranol L displayed α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with an IC50 of 4.4 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ping Huang
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Yu Zhao
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, People's Republic of China
| | - Oluwatosin O Johnson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Lagos, CMUL Campus, Lagos, 100254, Nigeria; Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60612, United States
| | - Jian Zhang
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60612, United States; Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization Process Collaborative Innovation Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Tao Che
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60612, United States
| | - Zhi-Qi Yin
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
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Mailu JK, Nguta JM, Mbaria JM, Okumu MO. Medicinal plants used in managing diseases of the respiratory system among the Luo community: an appraisal of Kisumu East Sub-County, Kenya. Chin Med 2020; 15:95. [PMID: 32905471 PMCID: PMC7469313 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00374-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor access to healthcare in rural communities causes many people to seek herbalists who use medicinal plants for the treatment of various disease conditions. Most knowledge of traditional herbal medicine makes use of indigenous remedies which are often undocumented and are at risk of being lost. The preservation of this knowledge may facilitate scientific inquiry into promising new therapeutic molecules. METHODS Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect the sociodemographic information of 30 herbalists in Kisumu East Sub County. The local names of medicinal plants used in managing illnesses of the respiratory system, their habit, active parts, indications, methods of preparation, routes of administration, scientific identity, and conservation status were also recorded. Other reported traditional uses, pharmacological activities, and toxicological data were identified via a literature search. RESULTS Most herbalists were female (86.7%), aged between 61 and 70 years (43.3%) with no formal education (56.7%), and had 21-30 years of practice (30%). 44 plant species, belonging to 43 genera and 28 families were identified. Leguminosae and Rutaceae plant families were predominant, leaves were frequently used (33%), and trees were the most common habit (44.4%). Most plants were collected in the wild (79.2%), preparation was mainly by decoction (68.8%), and the administration was mainly orally. The main indication was cough and 79.5% of all documented plant species had previously been reported to have a pharmacological activity relevant to the mitigation of respiratory illnesses. Toxicological data was available for 84.1% of the plant species identified. CONCLUSIONS The predominant use of roots, root barks, and root tubers by herbalists in Kisumu East Sub County threatens to negatively impact the ecological survival of some plant species. The preservation of herbalists' knowledge of medicinal plants in the study area is a pressing concern considering their advanced age and little formal education. There is a need to conserve some of the medicinal plants documented in this study. The medicinal claims made by herbalists also warrant scientific scrutiny.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Kiamba Mailu
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Pharmacy, Kenya Medical Training College, Kisumu Campus Kenya, P.O Box 1594, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Joseph Mwanzia Nguta
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - James Mucunu Mbaria
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mitchel Otieno Okumu
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Pharmacy, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital, P.O Box 849-40100, Kisumu, Kenya
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Shorinwa OA, Monsi B. Toxicological implications of the fruit of Harungana madagascariensis on wistar rats. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-019-0145-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The unopened buds of the fruit of Harungana madagascariensis is used in the treatment of anaemia and skin diseases in traditional medicine. Hence, this study aims to scientifically evaluate the effects of oral administration of the fruit extract of Harungana madagascariensis on haematological, biochemical and histological parameters in Wistar rats.
Methods
Phytochemical screening of the ethanol fruit extract of H. madagascariensis was carried out. Acute toxicity test was done using Lorke’s method. Sub-acute toxicity studies were done using 24 rats of both sexes which were randomized into four groups of six rats each. Animals in groups A, B, C were administered with the extract at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg, respectively while group D animals were given distilled water (5 mg/kg) and served as the control group. All administrations were done through the oral route for 30 consecutive days. Body weights of the animals were taken weekly during the study. The animals were sacrificed under diethyl ether anaesthesia and blood samples collected for evaluation of haematological (red blood cell, haemoglobin, packed cell volume and white blood cell) and biochemical (alanine transferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, urea, creatinine, total cholesterol and total protein) parameters. Histological examination was conducted on the liver and kidney of the animals.
Results
Preliminary phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, anthraquinones, steroidal nucleus, saponins, carbohydrates, flavonoids, and tannins. Acute toxicity test showed that the LD50 was greater than 5000 mg/kg. There was no statistically significant (P < 0.05) difference in the RBC, HB, PCV and WBC of the extract treated groups when compared to the control group. There was however, a statistically significant (P < 0.05) difference in the creatinine level of the 500 mg/kg extract –treated group and the control. There was no statistically significant (P < 0.05) difference in other biochemical parameters of the extract treated groups and the control group except for a marginal increase in the total protein in the group treated with 1000 mg/kg of the extract (60 g/L) compared with control (54.80 g/L). Histopathological examination showed alterations in the morphology of the liver and kidney in extract treated groups as compared to the control groups.
Conclusion
The findings have revealed that the ethanol fruit extract of H. madagascariensis should be used with caution especially during prolonged usage as the histology showed it has nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic potentials. Further studies will be done to establish the effects of the extract on white blood cells.
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Llorent-Martinez EJ, Ruiz-Riaguas A, Sinan KI, Bene K, Fernández-de Cordova ML, Picot-Allain C, Mahomoodally F, Saleem H, Zengin G. Exploring Chemical Profiles and Bioactivities of Harungana madagascariensis Lam. ex Poir. Leaves and Stem Bark Extracts: A New Source of Procyanidins. ANAL LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2019.1653903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eulogio J. Llorent-Martinez
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Alba Ruiz-Riaguas
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | | | - Kouadio Bene
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche Sciences de la Nature, Laboratoire de Botanique et Phytothérapie, Université Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | | | - Carene Picot-Allain
- Faculty of Science, Department of Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Faculty of Science, Department of Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Hammad Saleem
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Selcuk Universtiy, Konya, Turkey
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Mukungu N, Abuga K, Okalebo F, Ingwela R, Mwangi J. Medicinal plants used for management of malaria among the Luhya community of Kakamega East sub-County, Kenya. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 194:98-107. [PMID: 27586821 PMCID: PMC5176009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria remains a major health problem worldwide especially in sub-Saharan Africa. In Kenya, 80% of the population is at risk of contracting the disease. Pregnant mothers and children under five years are the most affected by this disease. Antimalarial drug resistance poses a major threat in the fight against malaria necessitating continuous search for new antimalarial drugs. Due to inadequate and inaccessible health facilities, majority of people living in rural communities heavily depend on traditional medicine which involves the use of medicinal plants for the management of malaria. Most of these indigenous knowledge is undocumented and risks being lost yet such information could be useful in the search of new antimalarial agents. AIM OF STUDY An ethnobotanical survey was carried out among the Luhya community of Kakamega East sub-County, a malaria epidemic region, with the aim of documenting the plants used in the management of malaria. MATERIALS AND METHODS Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect information from 21 informants who included traditional medicine practitioners and other caregivers who had experience in use of plants in management of malaria. These were drawn from 4 villages located in Kakamega East sub-county, within Kakamega County based on their differences in topography. Information recorded included plant names, parts used, mode of preparation and administration and the sources of plant materials. A literature search was conducted using PubMed and google scholar to identify the reported traditional uses of these plants and studied antiplasmodial activities. RESULTS In this study, 57% of the informants were aged above 50 years and a total of 61% had either no formal education or had only attained primary school education. A total of 42 plant species belonging to 24 families were identified. Most plants used in the management of malaria in this community belonged to Lamiaceae (18%), Leguminosae (9%) and Compositae (9%) plant families. Plants mostly used included Melia azedarach L, Aloe spp, Ajuga integrifolia Buch. Ham, Vernonia amygdalina Del., Rotheca myricoides (Hochst.) Steane and Mabb, Fuerstia africana T.C.E.Fr., Zanthoxylum gilletii (De Wild.) P.G.Waterman and Leucas calostachys Oliv. Rumex steudelii Hochst.ex A. Rich and Phyllanthus sepialis Müll. Arg are reported for the first time in the management of malaria. Although Clerodendrum johnstonii Oliv. (Jeruto et al., 2011) and Physalis peruviana L.(Ramadan et al., 2015) are reported in other studies for management of malaria, no studies have been carried out to demonstrate their antiplasmodial activity. The plant parts mostly used were the leaves (36%) and stem barks (26%). Majority of these plants were prepared as decoctions by boiling and allowed to cool before administration (66%) while infusions accounted for 28% of the preparations. The literature mined supports the use of these plants for the management of malaria since most of them have demonstrated in-vitro and in-vivo antiplasmodial activities. CONCLUSION Most of the reported plant species in this study have been investigated for antiplasmodial activity and are in agreement with the ethnomedical use. Two (2) plants are reported for the first time in the management of malaria. There is need for documentation and preservation of the rich ethnomedical knowledge within this community given that most of the practitioners are advanced in age and less educated. There is also the danger of over-exploitation of plant species as most of them are obtained from the wild, mainly Kakamega forest. Therefore, there is need for determining the economically and medicinally important plants in this community and planning for their preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nillian Mukungu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacognosy, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 19676-00202, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Kennedy Abuga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 19676-00202, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Faith Okalebo
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacognosy, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 19676-00202, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Raphael Ingwela
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacognosy, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 19676-00202, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Julius Mwangi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacognosy, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 19676-00202, Nairobi, Kenya.
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Sabiu S, O’Neill FH, Ashafa AOT. THE PURVIEW OF PHYTOTHERAPY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF KIDNEY DISORDERS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON NIGERIA AND SOUTH AFRICA. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES : AJTCAM 2016; 13:38-47. [PMID: 28487892 PMCID: PMC5416643 DOI: 10.21010/ajtcam.v13i5.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The kidney is tasked with a number of metabolic functions in the body. In its role as a detoxifier and primary eliminator of xenobiotics, it becomes vulnerable to developing injuries. Currently, over 1 million people in the world are living on renal replacement therapies (RRTs). The case in sub-Sahara African countries like Nigeria and South Africa is not any better than the global trend. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic review of medicinal plants used in the treatment of kidney disorders was conducted. Information were gathered from published scientific journals, books, reports from national, regional and international institutions, conference proceedings and other high profile intellectual resources. MeSH words like 'prevalence of kidney disorders in Africa', 'renal replacement therapy', 'nephrotoxins or nephrotoxicants', 'nephroprotective plants', 'nephroprotective plants in Nigeria or South Africa' and 'nephroprotective phytocompounds' were used to retrieve information from online databases (Google, Pubmed, MEDLINE, Science Direct, Scopus and SID). RESULTS Interestingly, our findings revealed that phytotherapy has emerged and is being employed to protect renal functions and delay progression of renal pathological conditions into end episodes where the last resort is RRT. In fact, in recent times, Phytotherapists are not only interested in developing relatively safe, more affordable, easily accessible and potent nephroprotective formulations but also increasing awareness on the prevalence of the disease and educating the populace on the probable preventive measures. More importantly, efforts at scientifically elucidating the pharmacological efficacy of the identified nephroprotective plants yet to be validated must be intensified through informed expert opinions. Till date, there is paucity of information on the concept of nephroprotection in most developing countries where kidney disorder is a major threat. Although, the concept is just emerging in South Africa, evidences have given credence to its application in complementary and alternative system of medicine in Nigeria. CONCLUSION This review, therefore, reawaken researchers' consciousness in the continuous search for auspicious nephroprotective plants that could potentially be excellent candidates in developing new lead drugs to manage and treat renal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saheed Sabiu
- Phytomedicine and Phytopharmacology Research Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, QwaQwa Campus, Phuthaditjhaba 9866, South Africa
| | - Frans Hendrik O’Neill
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical, and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Anofi Omotayo Tom Ashafa
- Phytomedicine and Phytopharmacology Research Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, QwaQwa Campus, Phuthaditjhaba 9866, South Africa
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Antia BS, Ita BN, Udo UE. Nutrient Composition and In Vitro Antioxidant Properties of Harungana madagascariensis Stembark Extracts. J Med Food 2015; 18:609-14. [PMID: 25785542 PMCID: PMC4410548 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2014.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The stembarks of Harungana madagascariensis were analyzed for their content of chemical constituents, antinutrients, vitamin levels, and in vitro antioxidant properties in two solvent systems. Phytochemical screening revealed higher levels of alkaloids, saponins, and flavonoids in the methanolic (MHM) extract than in the dichloromethane (DCM) extract. The methanolic extract had higher contents of minerals, vitamins, and antinutrients except K, vitamin B1, and phytic acid, respectively. Antioxidant potentials of the stembark extracts were assessed by the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, metal chelating activity, and ferric reducing power. The methanolic extract showed a better antioxidant activity (IC50=87.66±0.97 μg/mL) in the DPPH system. The metal chelating activity was higher in the methanolic extract (92.4% at 20 mg/mL), but lower than the control ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). The methanolic extract also showed greater ferric reducing power and was richer in phenolics (132.24±0.61 mgGAE/g) and flavonoids (259.05±2.85 mgQE/g). Antinutrient analysis of the extracts indicated low levels of phytic acid, oxalates, and hydrocyanides below the lethal doses. The LD50 (i.p. mice) of the extracts showed relatively low toxicity in the range 1000-1414 mg/kg. These results support the ethnomedicinal uses of this plant in the treatment of diseases related to oxidative stress and suggest that consumption of H. madagascariensis is not harmful nutritively.
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Ochwang'i DO, Kimwele CN, Oduma JA, Gathumbi PK, Mbaria JM, Kiama SG. Medicinal plants used in treatment and management of cancer in Kakamega County, Kenya. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 151:1040-1055. [PMID: 24362078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional medicine plays a critical role in treatment of chronic debilitating and life threatening conditions and diseases. Cancer is one such condition whose therapeutic intervention is commonly through inexpensive traditional herbal remedies. Increasingly industrialised societies are developing drugs and chemotherapeutics from these traditional herbal plants. Plant biogeography determines the abundance and availability of medicinal plants which in turn determine their use by local communities. The present study was carried out in Kakamega County of Kenya to identify and document medicinal plants used for treatment and management of cancer states by communities living adjacent to Kakamega Tropical rainforest of Kakamega County, Kenya. MATERIALS AND METHODS An ethnobotanical survey was done using semi-structured questionnaires administered to 32 randomly selected herbalists from Kakamega County. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Sixty five (65) plants of 59 genera and 32 families were identified as candidates in therapeutic intervention against cancer states. Most commonly cited plant species were Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv. ssp. nilotica (Seem), Microglossa pyrifolia (Lam.) Kuntze, Harungana madagascariensis Lam. ex poir, Prunus africana (Hook. f.) kalkman, Cyphostemma serpens (A. Rich), Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don and Aloe volkensii Engl. The following were documented for the first time; Aeschynomene abyssinica (A. Rich.) Vatke, Synsepalum cerasiferum (welw.) T. D penn., Albizia coriaria Welw. ex Oliv., Aloe volkensii Engl. Bridelia micrantha (Hochst.) Baill, Croton macrostachyus Delile, Cyphostemma serpens (A. Rich), Dicliptera laxata C.B. Clarke, Ekebergia capensis Sparrm., Gardenia volkensii K. schum. ssp. volkensii, Glycine wightii (wight & Arn.), Ocimum gratissimum Suave, Olea hotcsh spp. hochstetteri, Pavetta abyssinica Fresen., Phyllanthus fischeri Pax, Psydrax schimperiana (A. Rich), Rhus vulgaris Meikle, Senna didymobotyra (Fresen.) Irwin and Barneby, Solanecio nandensis (S. Moore) C. Jeffrey, Solanum mauritianum Scop, Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv. ssp. nilotica (Seem), Spermacoce princea (K. Schum.) Verdc., Tabernaemontana stapfiana Britten, Tragia brevipes Pax and Zanthoxylum gilletii (De Wild.) P.G.Waterman. The most frequently used plant parts were fresh or dried leaves and stem barks. Administration to patients was almost exclusively oral, with the exceptions being topical application especially for breast cancer and skin sarcomas. CONCLUSIONS This study identified diverse medicinal plants used in therapeutic and management intervention against cancer by communities living adjacent to Kakamega Tropical Rainforest. The primary mode of administration was oral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic O Ochwang'i
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.
| | - Charles N Kimwele
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.
| | - Jemimah A Oduma
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.
| | - Peter K Gathumbi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Parasitology and Microbiology, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - James M Mbaria
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Stephen G Kiama
- Wangari Maathai Institute for Peace and Environmental Studies, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.
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Dell EM, Erikson SL, Andrianirina E, Smith G. Women's knowledge in Madagascar: A health needs assessment study. Glob Public Health 2012; 7:29-41. [DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2011.557083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Zuo GY, Meng FY, Han J, Hao XY, Wang GC, Zhang YL, Zhang Q. In vitro activity of plant extracts and alkaloids against clinical isolates of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains. Molecules 2011; 16:5453-9. [PMID: 21712759 PMCID: PMC6264437 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16075453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Revised: 06/12/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The antibacterial activity of 80% ethanol extracts of 10 medicinal plants collected in Yunnan (Southwest China), was tested against clinical isolates of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains. Their MIC values ranged between 1.56-12.50 mg/mL. The most active plant extract was Chelidonium majus L. (MIC = 1.56 mg/mL). Two potent isoquinoline alkaloids, 8-hydroxydihydrosanguinarine and 8-hydroxydihydrochelerythrine, were identified as the major active principles through bioassay-guided fractionation and identification of the active ethyl acetate fraction from C. majus, with minimum MIC/MBC values of 15.63/62.50 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Ying Zuo
- Research Center for Natural Medicines, Kunming General Hospital, PLA, Kunming 650032, China; (Y.-L.Z.); (Q.Z.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; (G.-Y.Z); (X.-Y.H); Tel.: +86-871-4774941; Fax: +86-871-4774941 (G.-Y.Z)
| | - Fan-Yan Meng
- Research Center for Natural Medicines, Kunming General Hospital, PLA, Kunming 650032, China; (Y.-L.Z.); (Q.Z.)
- School of Pharmacy, Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang 550004, China; (F.-Y.M.)
| | - Jun Han
- School of Basic Medicine, Yunnan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Kunming 650500, China; (J.H.)
| | - Xiao-Yan Hao
- School of Pharmacy, Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang 550004, China; (F.-Y.M.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; (G.-Y.Z); (X.-Y.H); Tel.: +86-871-4774941; Fax: +86-871-4774941 (G.-Y.Z)
| | - Gen-Chun Wang
- Research Center for Natural Medicines, Kunming General Hospital, PLA, Kunming 650032, China; (Y.-L.Z.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Yun-Ling Zhang
- Research Center for Natural Medicines, Kunming General Hospital, PLA, Kunming 650032, China; (Y.-L.Z.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Qing Zhang
- Research Center for Natural Medicines, Kunming General Hospital, PLA, Kunming 650032, China; (Y.-L.Z.); (Q.Z.)
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Odongo CO, Musisi NL, Waako P, Obua C. Chewing-stick practices using plants with anti-streptococcal activity in a ugandan rural community. Front Pharmacol 2011; 2:13. [PMID: 21687508 PMCID: PMC3108601 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2011.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The high dental disease burden in developing countries has created a need to explore and develop cheap and accessible methods of dental disease prevention. Traditional toothbrushes (chewing-sticks) prepared from specific plants have been used for dental hygiene for generations. When properly used, chewing-sticks may be as effective as synthetic toothbrushes. This study set out to describe traditional chewing-stick practices in a Ugandan rural community, and evaluate the antibacterial activity of two most commonly used plants. Methods: Interviews were done to identify chewing-stick plants and obtain socio-cultural information relating to the practice in two villages in rural Uganda. Field walks were done to pick and voucher the plants, for taxonomical identification and storage. For the two most reported plants, aqueous extracts were prepared and tested for antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans using the agar-well diffusion method. Results: Of the 21 key informants interviewed, all were using or had used chewing-sticks in the past. A total of eight plants were identified as sources of chewing-sticks, with Rhus vulgaris and Lantana trifolia most commonly mentioned. Chewing-sticks were preferred over synthetic tooth brushes because they were less likely to traumatize the gums. Their use has been limited of recent due to scarcity of some plants. R. vulgaris and L. trifolia aqueous extracts showed antibacterial activity against S. mutans with mean diameters of inhibition of 24.33 ± 0.58 and 14.17 ± 0.29 mm on Blood agar respectively, compared to benzyl penicillin control 30.67 ± 0.29 mm. Conclusion: R. vulgaris and L. trifolia are the most common sources of chewing-sticks for cleaning teeth in this community. The plants contain compounds that are active against S. mutans. These plants merit further studies as they are possible sources of cheap dental health care for the rural poor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Okot Odongo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Makerere University Kampala, Uganda
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Effects of fractionation and combinatorial evaluation of Tamarindus indica fractions for antibacterial activity. Molecules 2011; 16:4818-27. [PMID: 21659967 PMCID: PMC6264773 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16064818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Six fractions, named TiA – TiF, were obtained by fractionating the crude ethanol extract of the stem bark of Tamarindus indica using column chromatographic techniques. On TLC, fraction TiB showed five bands, TiC three bands, while TiD and TiE showed two bands each. TiC, TiD and TiE were re-eluted with different solvent systems to yield two fractions each, while TiB yielded four. These subfractions were designated B1-B4; C1-C2; D1-D2 and E1-E2, respectively. Tannins, flavonoids and alkaloids, among other components, were detected, albeit in different proportions with respect to fractions and subfractions and were compartmentalized with respect to the solvent systems used. The in vitro antibacterial activity of fractions and subfractions was tested separately and in combinations using the agar well diffusion technique. The susceptibly of test strains (expressed as %) were: 83.3% (TiA and TiB), 75.0% (crude extract and TiC), 66.7% (TiD), 50.0% (TiE) and 16.7% (TiF) when used singly, whereas in combination, the corresponding susceptibilities were 100% (CE), 83.3% (DE), 66.7% (AB, AF, BC, BD, DE and EF), 50% (AC and CD), 33.3% (BE and BF) and 16.7% (AD) against Gram negative bacteria strains and 100% (EF), 80% (DE), 60% (AB, BC and CE), 40% (AC, BD, BF, CF and DF) and 20% (AE, AF, BE and CD) against Gram positive strains. Percentage susceptibility with combinatorial use of re-fractions ranged from 85.7–57.1% and 60–40% against Gram negative and positive strains (TiB subfractions), respectively, 100–85.7% and 40–0% against Gram negative and positive strains (TiC, TiD and TiE sub-fractions).
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Nwodo UU, Ngene AA, Iroegbu CU, Onyedikachi OAL, Chigor VN, Okoh AI. In vivo evaluation of the antiviral activity of Cajanus cajan on measles virus. Arch Virol 2011; 156:1551-7. [PMID: 21614435 PMCID: PMC3163796 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-011-1032-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cajanus cajan, a tropical shrub, serves as source of food and traditional medicines. The evaluation of aqueous and ethanol extracts for activity against measles virus and toxicity to embryonated chicken eggs was carried out in this study. In vivo and in vitro assay techniques using embryonated chicken eggs and tissue culture (Hep-2 cell lines) as media for both virus cultivation and anti-virus assay showed that a hot-water extract yielded higher activity against measles virus. The hot-water extract of the stem yielded a Log(2) titre of 0.1 for the in vivo assay and an inhibition of cytopathic effect (CPE) in Hep-2 cells by 100% for the in vitro assay. At all concentrations of the extracts, there was a lowering of virus concentration (p = 0.05), indicated by hemagglutination (HA) titration, which is the advantage of HA titration over the tissue culture technique using CPE. This study validates embryonated chicken eggs as suitable media for anti-virus assay and the use of C. cajan in the treatment of some diseases of viral origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- U U Nwodo
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag 1314, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
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Abstract
Body malodour, including foot odour, suppresses social interaction by diminishing self-confidence and accelerating damage to the wearer's clothes and shoes. Most treatment agents, including aluminium anti-perspirant salts, inhibit the growth of malodourous bacteria. These metallic salts also reduce sweat by blocking the excretory ducts of sweat glands, minimizing the water source that supports bacterial growth. However, there are some drawback effects that limit the use of aluminium anti-perspirant salts. In addition, over-the-counter anti-perspirant and deodourant products may not be sufficiently effective for heavy sweaters, and strong malodour producers. Body odour treatment agents are rarely mentioned in the literature compared with other cosmetic ingredients. This review briefly summarizes the relationship among sweat, skin bacteria, and body odour; describes how odourous acids, thiols, and steroids are formed; and discusses the active ingredients, including metallic salts and herbs, that are used to treat body odour. A new class of ingredients that function by regulating the release of malodourants will also be described. These ingredients do not alter the balance of the skin flora.
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Chinsembu KC, Hedimbi M. An ethnobotanical survey of plants used to manage HIV/AIDS opportunistic infections in Katima Mulilo, Caprivi region, Namibia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2010; 6:25. [PMID: 20831821 PMCID: PMC2944155 DOI: 10.1186/1746-4269-6-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 09/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Katima Mulilo has the highest burden of HIV/AIDS in Namibia. Due to several constraints of the antiretroviral therapy programme, HIV-infected persons still use ethnomedicines to manage AIDS-related opportunistic infections. Despite the reliance on plants to manage HIV/AIDS in Katima Mulilo, there have been no empirical studies to document the specific plant species used by traditional healers to treat AIDS-related opportunistic infections. In this study, an ethnobotanical survey was conducted to record the various plant families, species, and plant parts used to manage different HIV/AIDS-related opportunistic infections in Katima Mulilo, Caprivi region, Namibia. The results showed that a total of 71 plant species from 28 families, mostly the Combretaceae (14%), Anacardiaceae (8%), Mimosaceae (8%), and Ebanaceae (7%), were used to treat conditions such as herpes zoster, diarrhoea, coughing, malaria, meningitis, and tuberculosis. The most plant parts used were leaves (33%), bark (32%), and roots (28%) while the least used plant parts were fruits/seeds (4%). Further research is needed to isolate the plants' active chemical compounds and understand their modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazhila C Chinsembu
- University of Namibia, Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, P/B 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Marius Hedimbi
- University of Namibia, Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, P/B 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
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Iwalewa EO, Omisore NO, Adewunmi CO, Gbolade AA, Ademowo OG, Nneji C, Agboola OI, Daniyan OM. Anti-protozoan activities of Harungana madagascariensis stem bark extract on trichomonads and malaria. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 117:507-511. [PMID: 18372133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2007] [Revised: 01/24/2008] [Accepted: 02/14/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY The ethanolic stem bark extract of Harungana madagascariensis (Hypericaceae), (Choisy) Poir were evaluated for their activities on Trichomonas gallinae (Rivolta) Stabler isolated from the pigeon (Columba livia). It was also tested for their anti-malarial activity on N67 Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis (in vivo) in mice and on Plasmodium falciparum isolates in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS The anti-trichomonal screening was performed in vitro using Trichomonas gallinae culture. The minimum lethal concentration (MLC) is the lowest concentration of the test extract in which no motile organisms were observed. The anti-malarial effects were determined in-vivo for suppressive, curative and prophylactic activities in mice receiving a standard inoculum size of 1 x 10(7) (0.2 ml) infected erythrocytes of Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis intraperitoneally, and the in vitro was performed against 3 isolates of Plasmodium falciparum in a candle jar procedures. RESULTS The IC(50) of the extract and metronidazole (MDZ) (Flagyl) on Trichomonas gallinae at 48 h are 187 and 1.56 microg/ml. The IC(50) of the extract, chloroquine (CQ) and artemether (ART) on Plasmodium falciparum are between 0.052 and 0.517 microg/ml for the extract and 0.021 and 0.0412 microg/ml for ART and CQ, respectively. The actions of the extract in in vivo study on Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis showed that in both suppressive and prophylactic tests the percentages chemo-suppressive were between 28.6-44.8% and 30.2-78.2% respectively, while only 80 mg/kg of the extract reduced the parasitaemia level when compared to the control and the standard drugs in curative test. CONCLUSIONS Harungana madagascariensis stem bark extract therefore exhibited significant anti-protozoan effects against Trichomonas and Plasmodium both in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- E O Iwalewa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
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Kisangau DP, Lyaruu HVM, Hosea KM, Joseph CC. Use of traditional medicines in the management of HIV/AIDS opportunistic infections in Tanzania: a case in the Bukoba rural district. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2007; 3:29. [PMID: 17623081 PMCID: PMC1941724 DOI: 10.1186/1746-4269-3-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2007] [Accepted: 07/10/2007] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethnobotanical surveys were carried out to document herbal remedies used in the management of HIV/AIDS opportunistic infections in Bukoba Rural district, Tanzania. The district is currently an epicenter of HIV/AIDS and although over 90% of the population in the district relies on traditional medicines to manage the disease, this knowledge is impressionistic and not well documented. The HIV/AIDS opportunistic conditions considered during the study were Tuberculosis (TB), Herpes zoster (Shingles), Herpes simplex (Genital herpes), Oral candidiasis and Cryptococcal meningitis. Other symptomatic but undefined conditions considered were skin rashes and chronic diarrhea. METHODS An open-ended semi-structured questionnaire was used in collecting field information. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the ethnobotanical data collected. Factor of informant consensus (Fic) was used to analyze the ethnobotanical importance of the plants. RESULTS In the present study, 75 plant species belonging to 66 genera and 41 families were found to be used to treat one or more HIV/AIDS related infections in the district. The study revealed that TB and oral candidiasis were the most common manifestations of HIV/AIDS opportunistic infections affecting most of the population in the area. It unveils the first detailed account of ethnomedical documentation of plants focusing the management of HIV/AIDS related infections in the district. CONCLUSION It is concluded that the ethnopharmacological information reported forms a basis for further research to identify and isolate bioactive constituents that can be developed to drugs for the management of the HIV/AIDS opportunistic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Kisangau
- Department of Botany, University of Dar es Salaam, PO Box 35060, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bielefeld, PO Box 10 01 31 – 3350, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Herbert VM Lyaruu
- Department of Botany, University of Dar es Salaam, PO Box 35060, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Ken M Hosea
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, PO Box 35060, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Cosam C Joseph
- Department of Chemistry, University of Dar es Salaam, PO Box 35061, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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Kisangau DP, Hosea KM, Joseph CC, Lyaruu HVM. In vitro antimicrobial assay of plants used in traditional medicine in Bukoba Rural district, Tanzania. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES 2007; 4:510-23. [PMID: 20161920 DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v4i4.31245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants used in traditional medicine in Bukoba Rural district in Tanzania were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activities. Plant materials from eight plant species (Harungana madagascariensis (Lam) Poir., Jatropha curcas L., Lantana trifolia L., Plectranthus barbatus Andr., Pseudospondias microcarpa Engl., Psorospermum febrifugum Spach, Teclea nobilis Del. and Vernonia adoensis [Warp.] SL) were collected based on ethnomedical information provided by traditional herbal practitioners. Results of the study indicate that extracts from the eight plant species were active against at least one or more of the test organisms (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus [gram positive], Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa [gram negative] and Candida albicans [Yeast]). A profile of secondary metabolites (alkaloids, terpenoids, triterpenes, phenolics, tannins, flavonoids, anthraquinones, flavonols/flavones and /or chalcones, sterols and saponins) was obtained for three plant species (Jatropha curcas L., Plectranthus barbatus Andr., and Pseudospondias microcarpa Engl.). The paper discusses the probable therapeutic basis of these traditional plants based on their secondary metabolite profiles and for the first time draws research attention to Bukoba Rural district as a source for plants with potential pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Kisangau
- Department of Botany, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 35060, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
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Ndjakou Lenta B, Vonthron-Sénécheau C, Fongang Soh R, Tantangmo F, Ngouela S, Kaiser M, Tsamo E, Anton R, Weniger B. In vitro antiprotozoal activities and cytotoxicity of some selected Cameroonian medicinal plants. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 111:8-12. [PMID: 17141994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2006] [Revised: 09/26/2006] [Accepted: 10/10/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Eight extracts from seven selected Cameroonian medicinal plants, traditionally used to treat malaria and other protozoal diseases, were tested in vitro for their antiprotozoal activities against Plasmodium falciparum K1 chloroquine-resistant strain, Leishmania donovani, Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, protozoa responsible for malaria, visceral leishmaniasis, Chagas disease and African trypanosomiasis, respectively. The most active extract against Plasmodium falciparum K1 strain and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense was the methanolic extract of Albizia zygia (Fabaceae) stem bark with IC(50) values of 1.0 microg/ml and 0.2 microg/ml, respectively. Five extracts showed IC(50) values below 5mug/ml against Leishmania donovani, with the methanolic seed extract of Harungana madagascarensis showing the highest activity, but only the methanolic extract of Albizia zygia showed activity against Trypanosoma cruzi. Cytotoxicity and selectivity indexes were estimated for the most active extracts. The best ratio of cytotoxicity to antiplasmodial activity (SI(a)=14) was established for the methanolic leaf extract of Symphonia globulifera (Clusiaceae), while the methanolic stem bark extract of Albizia zygia showed the best ratio of cytotoxicity to antitrypanosomal activity (SI(b)=22.5).
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ndjakou Lenta
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Kouam SF, Yapna DB, Krohn K, Ngadjui BT, Ngoupayo J, Choudhary MI, Schulz B. Antimicrobial prenylated anthracene derivatives from the leaves of Harungana madagascariensis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2007; 70:600-3. [PMID: 17352491 DOI: 10.1021/np060556l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Three new prenylated anthranoids, harunmadagascarins C (1) and D (2) and kenganthranol D (3), together with three known compounds (4-6) were isolated from the leaves of Harungana madagascariensis. Their structures were assigned by spectroscopic methods and by comparison with literature data. In the three new natural products 1-3, one or two prenyl groups are incorporated in furan, pyran, or cyclohexane rings in four different modes of annulation. Compounds 2, 4, and 6 were strongly active against the Gram-positive Bacillus megaterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeon F Kouam
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaounde 1, BP 47, Yaounde, Cameroon.
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Ndjakou Lenta B, Ngouela S, Fekam Boyom F, Tantangmo F, Feuya Tchouya GR, Tsamo E, Gut J, Rosenthal PJ, Donald Connolly J. Anti-plasmodial Activity of Some Constituents of the Root Bark of Harungana madagascariensis LAM. (Hypericaceae). Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2007; 55:464-7. [PMID: 17329893 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.55.464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bazouanthrone (1), a new anthrone derivative, has been isolated from the root bark of Harungana madagascariensis, together with known compounds, feruginin A (2), harunganin (3), harunganol A (4), harunganol B (5), friedelan-3-one (6) and betulinic acid (7). The structure of the compound (1) was assigned as 3,5,8,9-tetrahydroxy-2,4,4-tri-(3,3-dimethylallyl)-6-methyl-1-(4H)-anthracenone, by means of spectroscopic analysis. The anti-plasmodial activity of the isolated compounds was evaluated in culture against W2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum. All the compounds were found to be active against the Plasmodium parasites with bazouanthrone (1) showing particular potency (IC50=1.80 microM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Ndjakou Lenta
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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van den Bout-van den Beukel CJP, Koopmans PP, van der Ven AJAM, De Smet PAGM, Burger DM. Possible drug-metabolism interactions of medicinal herbs with antiretroviral agents. Drug Metab Rev 2006; 38:477-514. [PMID: 16877262 DOI: 10.1080/03602530600754065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Herbal medicines are widely used by HIV patients. Several herbal medicines have been shown to interact with antiretroviral drugs, which might lead to drug failure. We have aimed to provide an overview of the modulating effects of Western and African herbal medicines on antiretroviral drug-metabolizing and transporting enzymes, focusing on potential herb-antiretroviral drug interactions. Echinacea, garlic, ginkgo, milk thistle, and St. John's wort have the potential to cause significant interactions. In vitro and in vivo animal studies also indicated other herbs with a potential for interactions; however, most evidence is based on in vitro studies. Further pharmacokinetic studies to unveil potential Western and especially African herb-antiretroviral drug interactions are urgently required, and the clinical significance of these interactions should be assessed.
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Moulari B, Pellequer Y, Lboutounne H, Girard C, Chaumont JP, Millet J, Muyard F. Isolation and in vitro antibacterial activity of astilbin, the bioactive flavanone from the leaves of Harungana madagascariensis Lam. ex Poir. (Hypericaceae). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2006; 106:272-8. [PMID: 16483735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2005] [Revised: 12/01/2005] [Accepted: 01/12/2006] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Harungana madagascariensis is well known for its topical antibacterial properties used in the elaboration of a lot of skin hygiene products. The aim of this study was, on the one hand, to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activities of aqueous, ethanolic and ethyl acetate crude extracts of Harungana madagascariensis leaves against bacterial strains representative of skin microflora and, on the other hand, to determine the chemical structure of the active compound. Only the ethyl acetate leaf extract presented important antibacterial activity. Its fractionation was carried out by column chromatography using silica gel 60 and it yielded 11 fractions. A bioautographic method, revealed in these fractions the presence of a flavanone as the active compound astilbin or 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside-5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxydihydroflavonol which was identified on the basis of its spectroscopic data. Concerning the antibacterial activity against the representative skin microflora of the armpit and feet, MIC and MBC ranged from 25 to 250 and 100 to 750 microg ml-1, respectively. The results showed that some bacteria considered to be responsible for bad odours at the armpit and feet levels, were destroyed at 200 microg ml-1 (MBC), a concentration sparing most of the useful saprophytic microflora. The minimal inhibitory quantity (MIQs) of astilbin ranged from 50 to 100 microg.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Moulari
- Laboratoire de Galénique et Biopharmacie, EA-3924 Sciences Séparatives et Biopharmaceutiques, UFR Sciences Médicales et Pharmaceutiques, Université de Franche-Comté, Place Saint-Jacques, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France.
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Moulari B, Lboutounne H, Chaumont JP, Guillaume Y, Millet J, Pellequer Y. Potentiation of the bactericidal activity of Harungana madagascariensis Lam. ex Poir. (Hypericaceae) leaf extract against oral bacteria using poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles: in vitro study. Acta Odontol Scand 2006; 64:153-8. [PMID: 16809192 DOI: 10.1080/00016350500483152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Harungana madagascariensis Lam. ex Poir. (Hypericaceae) is known to have biological properties with mainly antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral effects. The objective of this study was to investigate the in vitro bactericidal activity of the ethyl acetate H. madagascariensis leaf extract (HLE) on the main oral bacterial strains largely implicated in dental caries and gingivitis infections, and the possibility of potentialization of HLE antibacterial effects using the poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles (PLG-NP). The microdilution technique and the interfacial polymer deposition following the solvent diffusion method were used to investigate the in vitro bactericidal activity of ethyl acetate HLE and to prepare nanoparticles, respectively. HLE showed significant bactericidal effects against the bacterial strains tested, with minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) to 5 x 10(2) mg/l or less, except for Lactobacillus casei with 7.5 x 10(2) mg/l. With the HLE incorporated into PLG nanoparticles (HLE-PLG-NP), we observed diminution of the bactericidal concentration compared to HLE, the upper MBC being of 1.875 x 10(2) mg/l. Incorporation of the HLE into a colloidal carrier optimized its antibacterial performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Moulari
- Equipe Sciences Séparatives et Biopharmaceutiques UFR Sciences Médicales et Pharmaceutiques, Université de Franche-Comté, EA-3924, Place Saint Jacques, Besançon, France.
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Kouam SF, Khan SN, Krohn K, Ngadjui BT, Kapche DGWF, Yapna DB, Zareem S, Moustafa AMY, Choudhary MI. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitory anthranols, kenganthranols A-C, from the stem bark of Harungana madagascariensis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2006; 69:229-33. [PMID: 16499321 DOI: 10.1021/np050407n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
One new prenylated 1,4-anthraquinone and three new prenylated anthranols, named kengaquinone (1) and kenganthranols A (2), B (3), and C (4), were isolated from a hexane extract of the stem bark of Harungana madagascariensis. Six known compounds including anthraquinones, anthrones, and xanthones were also isolated and identified. The structures of the new compounds were determined by analysis of spectroscopic data and comparison with data of previously known analogues. Some isolated compounds (3-5, 7-11) were evaluated for their alpha-glucosidase inhibition activity. Compounds 3, 4, 8, and 11 showed significant activity, whereas compounds 7, 9, and 10 were inactive in this test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeon F Kouam
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaounde 1, BP 47, Yaounde, Cameroon
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Hori Y, Sato S, Hatai A. Antibacterial activity of plant extracts from azuki beans (Vigna angularis)in vitro. Phytother Res 2006; 20:162-4. [PMID: 16444673 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to examine the antimicrobial property of azuki beans (Vigna angularis). The water extracts of green, black and red colored azuki beans showed antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus, Aeromonas hydrophila and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. In contrast, the extract of white azuki beans showed no inhibition towards any of the microorganisms examined. The extracts of colored azuki beans contained larger amounts of polyphenols including proanthocyanidins than the extracts of white azuki beans. The counts of S. aureus cells, inoculated in the medium containing the extracts of colored azuki beans, were significantly reduced in comparison with those of control and white azuki beans after 24 h (p < 0.05). These results suggest that polyphenols including proanthocyanidins in colored azuki beans may be responsible for their antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hori
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hakodate Junior College, Hakodate 042-0955, Japan.
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Moulari B, Lboutounne H, Pellequer Y, Guillaume Y, Millet J, Pirot F. Vectorization ofHarungana madagascariensis Lam. ex Poir. (Hypericaceae) ethanolic leaf extract by using PLG-nanoparticles: antibacterial activity assessment. Drug Dev Res 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.20004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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