1
|
Comanescu C, Racovita RC. An Overview of Degradation Strategies for Amitriptyline. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3822. [PMID: 38612638 PMCID: PMC11012176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Antidepressant drugs play a crucial role in the treatment of mental health disorders, but their efficacy and safety can be compromised by drug degradation. Recent reports point to several drugs found in concentrations ranging from the limit of detection (LOD) to hundreds of ng/L in wastewater plants around the globe; hence, antidepressants can be considered emerging pollutants with potential consequences for human health and wellbeing. Understanding and implementing effective degradation strategies are essential not only to ensure the stability and potency of these medications but also for their safe disposal in line with current environment remediation goals. This review provides an overview of degradation pathways for amitriptyline, a typical tricyclic antidepressant drug, by exploring chemical routes such as oxidation, hydrolysis, and photodegradation. Connex issues such as stability-enhancing approaches through formulation and packaging considerations, regulatory guidelines, and quality control measures are also briefly noted. Specific case studies of amitriptyline degradation pathways forecast the future perspectives and challenges in this field, helping researchers and pharmaceutical manufacturers to provide guidelines for the most effective degradation pathways employed for minimal environmental impact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cezar Comanescu
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu St., District 1, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania
- Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, Atomistilor 405, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Radu C. Racovita
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu St., District 1, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Atty SA, Ibrahim AH, Ibrahim H, Abdelzaher AM, Abdel-Raoof AM, Fouad FA. Simultaneous voltammetric detection of anti-depressant drug, sertraline HCl and paracetamol in biological fluid at CNT-cesium modified electrode in micellar media. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
3
|
Wang X, Zhuo Y, Tang X, Qiang H, Liu W, Wu H, Xiang P, Duan G, Shen M. Segmental analysis of antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs in the hair of schizophrenic patients. Drug Test Anal 2020; 12:472-484. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.2754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic MedicineShanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science Shanghai China
| | - Yue Zhuo
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic MedicineShanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science Shanghai China
- Institute of Forensic ScienceGuizhou Medical University Guiyang China
| | - Xiaowei Tang
- Affiliated WuTaiShan Hospital of Medical College of Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Huosheng Qiang
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic MedicineShanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science Shanghai China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic MedicineShanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science Shanghai China
| | - Hejian Wu
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic MedicineShanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science Shanghai China
| | - Ping Xiang
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic MedicineShanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science Shanghai China
| | - Gengli Duan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of PharmacyFudan University Shanghai China
| | - Min Shen
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic MedicineShanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science Shanghai China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Methling M, Krumbiegel F, Hartwig S. Hair analysis of antidepressants and antipsychotics—Overview of quantitative data. Drug Test Anal 2020; 12:659-676. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.2784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Methling
- Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic SciencesCharité‐University Medicine Berlin Berlin Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical ChemistryFreie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Franziska Krumbiegel
- Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic SciencesCharité‐University Medicine Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Sven Hartwig
- Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic SciencesCharité‐University Medicine Berlin Berlin Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sashidhara KV, Rosaiah JN. Various Dereplication Strategies Using LC-MS for Rapid Natural Product Lead Identification and Drug Discovery. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0700200218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products are the most consistently successful source of drug leads. The rapid identification of known compounds from natural product extracts, or ‘dereplication’, is an important step in an efficiently run drug discovery program. Modern spectroscopic methods have largely revolutionized compound identification and tremendously accelerated the pace at which isolated compounds can be identified. Dereplication strategies use analytical techniques and database searching to determine the identity of an active compound at the earliest possible stage in the discovery process. This prevents wasted effort on samples with no potential for development and allows resources to be focused on the most promising lead. In the past few years, advances in technology have allowed the development of tandem analytical techniques, such as HPLC-PDA, LC-MS, LC-MS-MS, LC-NMR, and LC-NMR-MS. This review describes the principles and performance of a number of hyphenated techniques involving LC-MS that can be used for dereplication of natural products for rapid lead identification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koneni V Sashidhara
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Chatter Manzil Palace, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Jammikuntla N Rosaiah
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Chatter Manzil Palace, Lucknow-226001, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang X, Johansen SS, Nielsen MKK, Linnet K. Segmental Hair Analysis—Interpretation of the Time of Drug Intake in Two Patients Undergoing Drug Treatment. J Forensic Sci 2018; 64:950-955. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Section of Forensic Chemistry Department of Forensic Medicine Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Frederik V's Vej 11 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Sys Stybe Johansen
- Section of Forensic Chemistry Department of Forensic Medicine Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Frederik V's Vej 11 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Marie Katrine Klose Nielsen
- Section of Forensic Chemistry Department of Forensic Medicine Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Frederik V's Vej 11 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Kristian Linnet
- Section of Forensic Chemistry Department of Forensic Medicine Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Frederik V's Vej 11 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vay M, Majewsky M, Mikus G. Isotopically labelled paroxetine standard allows for definite structure elucidation of the paroxetine tandem mass spectrum. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:1311-1312. [PMID: 29845653 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Vay
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marius Majewsky
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gerd Mikus
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Larabi IA, Abe E, Etting I, Alvarez JC. Dosage de naltrexone dans les cheveux : intérêt comme marqueur de l’observance des patients au cours du traitement de l’alcoolo-dépendance. TOXICOLOGIE ANALYTIQUE ET CLINIQUE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxac.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
9
|
Agrawal N, Esteve-Romero J, Bose D, Dubey NP, Peris-Vicente J, Carda-Broch S. Determination of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in plasma and urine by micellar liquid chromatography coupled to fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 965:142-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
10
|
Role of LC-MS/MS in hair testing for the determination of common drugs of abuse and other psychoactive drugs. Bioanalysis 2013; 5:1919-38. [PMID: 23905865 DOI: 10.4155/bio.13.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hair testing has been used in toxicological investigations for the last two decades, but only recently a remarkable extension of hair analysis to a variety of application fields was observed, besides drug abuse recognition. The dramatic improvements of LC-MS/MS instrumentation make the detection of tiny amounts of almost whatever drug in hair possible, even after single-dose intake. The progresses observed during the last 5 years in the detection of psychoactive substances in hair are reviewed herein. The literature is partitioned according to the target compounds, namely traditional drugs of abuse, new psychoactive substances and pharmaceutical psychoactive substances. The LC-MS/MS methods presented are addressed to determine a single class of drugs, with the primary aim of accurate quantitation, or to perform multiclass analysis, for rapid and effective screening protocols.
Collapse
|
11
|
Unceta N, Gómez-Caballero A, García D, Díaz G, Guerreiro A, Piletsky S, Aránzazu Goicolea M, Barrio RJ. Enantioselective extraction of (+)-(S)-citalopram and its main metabolites using a tailor-made stir bar chiral imprinted polymer for their LC-ESI-MS/MS quantitation in urine samples. Talanta 2013; 116:448-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
12
|
Avula B, Tekwani BL, Chaurasiya ND, Nanayakkara NPD, Wang YH, Khan SI, Adelli VR, Sahu R, Elsohly MA, McChesney JD, Khan IA, Walker LA. Profiling primaquine metabolites in primary human hepatocytes using UHPLC-QTOF-MS with 13C stable isotope labeling. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2013; 48:276-285. [PMID: 23378100 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic efficiency and hemolytic toxicity of primaquine (PQ), the only drug available for radical cure of relapsing vivax malaria are believed to be mediated by its metabolites. However, identification of these metabolites has remained a major challenge apparently due to low quantities and their reactive nature. Drug candidates labeled with stable isotopes afford convenient tools for tracking drug-derived metabolites in complex matrices by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) and filtering for masses with twin peaks attributable to the label. This study was undertaken to identify metabolites of PQ from an in vitro incubation of a 1:1 w/w mixture of (13)C(6)-PQ/PQ with primary human hepatocytes. Acquity ultra-performance LC (UHPLC) was integrated with QTOF-MS to combine the efficiency of separation with high sensitivity, selectivity of detection and accurate mass determination. UHPLC retention time, twin mass peaks with difference of 6 (originating from (13)C(6)-PQ/PQ), and MS-MS fragmentation pattern were used for phenotyping. Besides carboxy-PQ (cPQ), formed by oxidative deamination of PQ to an aldehyde and subsequent oxidation, several other metabolites were identified: including PQ alcohol, predictably generated by oxidative deamination of PQ to an aldehyde and subsequent reduction, its acetate and the alcohol's glucuronide conjugate. Trace amounts of quinone-imine metabolites of PQ and cPQ were also detected which may be generated by hydroxylation of the PQ/cPQ quinoline ring at the 5-position and subsequent oxidation. These findings shed additional light on the human hepatic metabolism of PQ, and the method can be applied for identification of reactive PQ metabolites generated in vivo in preclinical and clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bharathi Avula
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Arvand M, Ahmadi Rad N. Determination of fluoxetine in pharmaceutical preparations and biological samples using potentiometric sensors based on polymeric membranes. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934813020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
14
|
Šakić D, Achrainer F, Vrček V, Zipse H. The chemical fate of paroxetine metabolites. Dehydration of radicals derived from 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:4232-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40219c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
15
|
Niessen WMA. Fragmentation of toxicologically relevant drugs in positive-ion liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2011; 30:626-663. [PMID: 21294151 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2010] [Revised: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The identification of drugs and related compounds by LC-MS-MS is an important analytical challenge in several application areas, including clinical and forensic toxicology, doping control analysis, and environmental analysis. Although target-compound based analytical strategies are most frequently applied, at some point the information content of the MS-MS spectra becomes relevant. In this article, the positive-ion MS-MS spectra of a wide variety of drugs and related substances are discussed. Starting point was an MS-MS mass spectral library of toxicologically relevant compounds, available on the internet. The positive-ion MS-MS spectra of ∼570 compounds were interpreted by chemical and therapeutic class, thus involving a wide variety of drug compound classes, such benzodiazepines, beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, phenothiazines, dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, diuretics, local anesthetics, vasodilators, as well as various subclasses of anti-diabetic, antidepressant, analgesic, and antihistaminic drugs. In addition, the scientific literature was searched for available MS-MS data of these compound classes and the interpretation thereof. The results of this elaborate study are presented in this article. For each individual compound class, the emphasis is on class-specific fragmentation, as discussing fragmentation of all individual compounds would take far too much space. The recognition of class-specific fragmentation may be quite informative in determining the compound class of a specific unknown, which may further help in the identification. In addition, knowledge on (class-specific) fragmentation may further help in the optimization of the selectivity in targeted analytical approaches of compounds of one particular class.
Collapse
|
16
|
Development and validation of a rapid LC-ESI-MS/MS method for quantification of fluoxetine and its application to MS binding assays. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 400:3505-15. [PMID: 21516443 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-4997-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Revised: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a rapid and sensitive LC-ESI-MS/MS method for quantification of (S)-fluoxetine as a native marker in mass spectrometry (MS) binding assays addressing the human serotonin transporter (hSERT) was developed and validated. The concept of MS binding assays based on mass spectrometric quantification of a nonlabeled marker recently introduced by us represents a promising alternative to conventional radioligand binding without the drawbacks inherently connected with radioisotope labeling. For high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), a 20 × 2-mm RP-18 column with a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and ammonium bicarbonate buffer (5 mmol L(-1), pH 9.5) at a ratio of 80:20 (v/v) and a flow rate of 800 μL min(-1) in an isocratic mode were used, resulting in a chromatographic cycle time of 60 s. Employing [(2)H(5)]fluoxetine as internal standard enabled ESI-MS/MS quantification of (S)-fluoxetine between 3 nmol L(-1) and 50 pmol L(-1) (LLOQ) in matrix obtained from binding experiments without the need of any sample preparation. Validation of the method showed that linearity, intra-, and inter-batch accuracy as well as precision meet the requirements of the FDA guidance for bioanalytical method validation. Considering sensitivity and speed, the established method is clearly superior to those published for biological matrices so far. Furthermore, the method was transferred to other RP-18 columns of different lengths and respective validation experiments demonstrated its versatility and chromatographic robustness. Finally, the newly developed method was successfully applied to MS binding assays for hSERT. The affinity determined for (S)-fluoxetine in saturation experiments was in good agreement with literature data obtained in respective radioligand binding assays.
Collapse
|
17
|
Unceta N, Goicolea MA, Barrio RJ. Analytical procedures for the determination of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant citalopram and its metabolites. Biomed Chromatogr 2010; 25:238-57. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
18
|
Ferrarini A, Huidobro AL, Pellati F, Barbas C. Development and validation of a HPLC method for the determination of sertraline and three non-chiral related impurities. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 53:122-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2009] [Revised: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
19
|
Walash MI, El-Brashy A, El-Enany N, Wahba ME. High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Sertraline in Presence of Its Degradation Product. ANAL LETT 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710903502108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
20
|
Holman SW, Wright P, Langley GJ. A Rapid Methodology for the Characterization of Dialkyl Tertiary Amine-N-Oxide Metabolites Using Structurally Dependent Dissociation Pathways and Reconstructed Ion Current Chromatograms. Anal Chem 2010; 82:2347-54. [DOI: 10.1021/ac902540b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W. Holman
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K., and Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, CT13 9NJ, U.K
| | - Patricia Wright
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K., and Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, CT13 9NJ, U.K
| | - G. John Langley
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K., and Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, CT13 9NJ, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Neonatal Hair Analysis by Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry to Reveal Gestational Exposure to Venlafaxine. Ther Drug Monit 2010; 32:30-9. [DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0b013e3181c01e16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
22
|
Rapid HPLC method for the simultaneous monitoring of duloxetine, venlaflaxine, fluoxetine and paroxetine in biofluids. Bioanalysis 2009; 1:905-17. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.09.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple and rapid HPLC method is developed for the determination of two serotonin–norepinephrine-reuptake inhibitors (duloxetine and venlaflaxine) and two selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (fluoxetine and paroxetine) in human biofluids. Separation was performed on an Inertsil ODS-3 column (250 x 4.0 mm, 5 µm) with acetonitrile–ammonium acetate (0.05 M, 41:59 v/v) at 235 nm, within 7 min. SPE on Oasis® HLB cartridges was applied for the isolation of analytes from biofluids. The developed methodology was validated in terms of sensitivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, stability and selectivity. Relative standard deviation was less than 10.4%. Limit of detection was 0.2–0.6 ng/µl in blood plasma and 0.1–0.8 ng/µl in urine. The method was successfully applied to biofluids from a patient under duloxetine treatment.
Collapse
|
23
|
Modern bioanalytical methods for the rapid detection of antidepressants: SNRIs and SSRIs in human biological samples. Bioanalysis 2009; 1:451-88. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.09.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin–norepinephrine-reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) and selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) belong to a new generation of antidepressants used in the treatment of depression and other mood disorders. SSRIs act as reuptake inhibitors primarily via the inhibition of the neuronal reuptake of serotonin (5-HT) in the CNS. SNRIs have additional inhibitory activity at noradrenaline-reuptake sites. Different analytical methods for the routine monitoring and toxicological screening of SNRIs and SSRIs have been developed. Rapid quantification is a necessity for clinical use, allowing the possibility of diagnostics. This review focuses on recent advances of the methods that concern the determination of SSRIs and SNRIs in human biological samples. Sample preparation methodologies are discussed, because sample pretreatment is the most limiting and crucial step in analysis of biological matrices. Furthermore, information concerning the mechanism of action, side effects and toxicity are also given.
Collapse
|
24
|
Suenaga EM, Ifa DR, Cruz AC, Pereira R, Abib E, Tominga M, Nakaie CR. Automated determination of venlafaxine in human plasma by on-line SPE-LC-MS/MS. Application to a bioequivalence study. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:637-43. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
25
|
Vale N, Matos J, Moreira R, Gomes P. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry as a valuable tool in the characterization of novel primaquine peptidomimetic derivatives. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2009; 15:627-640. [PMID: 19679943 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Novel primaquine-derived antimalarials have been extensively characterized by electrospray ionization-ion trap mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Experiments by in-source collision-induced dissociation (CID) in the nozzle- skimmer region (NSR) or by tandem-MS are shown to be most valuable tools for the physicochemical characterization of these 8-aminoquinolinic drugs that also bear the biologically relevant imidazolidin-4-one scaffold. It was possible to find parallelism between compound stability in the NSR and its reactivity towards hydrolysis at physiological pH and T. Moreover, tandem-MS fragmentation patterns were characteristic for each family, providing a means for structural distinction of isomers and allowing to find interesting correlations between the relative abundance of particular fragments and relevant structure-activity determinants, such as Charton steric parameter, v. In conclusion, this work provides solid grounds to establish ESI-MS as a key tool for the physicochemical characterization of biopharmaceuticals bearing the 8-aminoquinoline and/or the imidazolidin-4-one moieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Vale
- Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
SHAH GR, THAKER BT, SURATI KR, PARABIA MH. Simultaneous Determination of Venlafaxine and Its Main Active Metabolite O-Desmethyl Venlafaxine in Rat Plasma by LC-MS/MS. ANAL SCI 2009; 25:1207-10. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.25.1207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurang R. SHAH
- Department of Chemistry, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University
| | | | | | - Minu H. PARABIA
- Department of BioSciences, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bosch ME, Sánchez AR, Rojas FS, Ojeda CB. Analytical methodologies for the determination of sertraline. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 48:1290-302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2008] [Revised: 09/17/2008] [Accepted: 09/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
28
|
Screening for Basic Drugs in Hair of Drug Addicts by Liquid Chromatography/Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Ther Drug Monit 2008; 30:717-24. [DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0b013e3181897cfa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
29
|
Wille SMR, De Letter EA, Piette MHA, Van Overschelde LK, Van Peteghem CH, Lambert WE. Determination of antidepressants in human postmortem blood, brain tissue, and hair using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Int J Legal Med 2008; 123:451-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-008-0287-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2008] [Accepted: 09/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
30
|
Vale N, Matos J, Moreira R, Gomes P. Electrospray ionization-ion trap mass spectrometry study of PQAAPro and PQProAA mimetic derivatives of the antimalarial primaquine. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2008; 19:1476-1490. [PMID: 18657994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2008.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2008] [Revised: 06/20/2008] [Accepted: 06/20/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Electrospray ionization-ion trap mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) of imidazolidin-4-one peptidomimetic derivatives of the antimalarial drug primaquine (PQ) is reported. These compounds contain the imidazolidin-4-one moiety either at the N- or the C-terminal of a dipeptide backbone, thus respectively mimicking PQ-Amino Acid-Proline (PQAAPro) and PQProAA derivatives of PQ. Both the peptidomimetics and precursors previously developed by us are promising drug candidates, as they were found to be active against rodent Plasmodium berghei malaria and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Collision-induced dissociation (CID) and tandem-mass spectra (MS) of the title compounds, and fragmentation pathways thereof, led to the following findings: (1) CID patterns present some parallelism with the reactivity towards hydrolysis previously found for the same or related compounds; (2) a positional shift of the imidazolidin-4-one ring is reflected on both degree and pathways of fragmentation, which makes tandem-MS a key tool for differentiation of imidazolidin-4-one isomers; (3) the major MS/MS fragmentation of PQProAA mimetics involves release of a neutral diketopiperazine (DKP), in parallel to the "diketopiperazine pathway" described in tandem-MS studies of oligopeptides; (4) the relative abundance of a major fragment in tandem-MS spectra is inversely correlated with the size of the N-terminal AA in PQProAA mimetics. Overall, this work embodies an original and valuable contribution towards a deeper insight into the molecular properties of novel antimalarials, which can be viewed as representative of both the 8-aminoquinoline and, especially, the imidazolidin-4-one structural classes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Vale
- CIQUP, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hermo M, Barrón D, Barbosa J. Determination of multiresidue quinolones regulated by the European Union in pig liver samples. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1201:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.05.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2007] [Revised: 05/15/2008] [Accepted: 05/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
32
|
Quantification of Citalopram or Escitalopram and Their Demethylated Metabolites in Neonatal Hair Samples by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Ther Drug Monit 2008; 30:467-73. [DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0b013e31817c6bc4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
33
|
Rao RN, Raju AN, Narsimha R. Isolation and characterization of degradation products of citalopram and process-related impurities using RP-HPLC. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:1729-38. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
34
|
Cruz-Vera M, Lucena R, Cárdenas S, Valcárcel M. Combined use of carbon nanotubes and ionic liquid to improve the determination of antidepressants in urine samples by liquid chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 391:1139-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-1871-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2007] [Revised: 12/12/2007] [Accepted: 01/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
35
|
Unceta N, Gómez-Caballero A, Sánchez A, Millán S, Sampedro MC, Goicolea MA, Sallés J, Barrio RJ. Simultaneous determination of citalopram, fluoxetine and their main metabolites in human urine samples by solid-phase microextraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 46:763-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2007.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2007] [Revised: 11/28/2007] [Accepted: 11/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
36
|
Kawano S, Inohana Y, Arakawa K, Mikami H, Yamaguchi S. Identification of Drugs by Ultra Fast Liquid Chromatography/Electrospray Ionization‐Quadrupole Ion Trap/Time‐of‐Flight Mass Spectrometry. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070701665493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shin‐ichi Kawano
- a Analytical Applications Department , Shimadzu Corporation , Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Inohana
- a Analytical Applications Department , Shimadzu Corporation , Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Arakawa
- a Analytical Applications Department , Shimadzu Corporation , Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Mikami
- a Analytical Applications Department , Shimadzu Corporation , Kyoto, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Smyth WF, Rodriguez V. Recent studies of the electrospray ionisation behaviour of selected drugs and their application in capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1159:159-74. [PMID: 17512938 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2006] [Revised: 04/23/2007] [Accepted: 05/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This review is concerned with recent studies of electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) of selected small molecular mass drugs and their application in qualitative and quantitative analytical methods using the techniques liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) and capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry (CE-ESI-MS). The publications reviewed are taken from the Web of Knowledge database for the year 2006. The drugs have molecular mass less than 1000 Da and are chosen according to selected drug classifications in which they give ESI signals primarily as [M+H]+ ions. The drug classifications are antibiotics/antibacterials, steroids, anti-tumour drugs, erectile dysfunction agents, anti-epileptic drugs, antiasthmatic drugs, psychoactive drugs and miscellaneous drugs. Details are given on the fragmentations, where available, that these ionic species exhibit in-source and in ion trap, triple quadrupole and time-of-flight mass spectrometers. Analytical methods for the detection and determination of these small molecular mass drug molecules are also discussed, where appropriate, under the particular drug classifications. Analytical information on, for example, sample concentration techniques, separation conditions, recoveries from biological media and limits of detection/quantitation (LODs and LOQs) are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Franklin Smyth
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Co Derry, BT52 1SA North Ireland UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Musshoff F, Madea B. Analytical pitfalls in hair testing. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 388:1475-94. [PMID: 17486322 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1288-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2007] [Revised: 03/23/2007] [Accepted: 03/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on possible pitfalls in hair testing procedures. Knowledge of such pitfalls is useful when developing and validating methods, since it can be used to avoid wrong results as well as wrong interpretations of correct results. In recent years, remarkable advances in sensitive and specific analytical techniques have enabled the analysis of drugs in alternative biological specimens such as hair. Modern analytical procedures for the determination of drugs in hair specimens - mainly by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) - are reviewed and critically discussed. Many tables containing information related to this topic are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Musshoff
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bonn, Stiftsplatz 12, 53111 Bonn, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2007; 42:266-277. [PMID: 17262881 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
|
40
|
Sun C, Xu H, Pan Y, Shen Z, Wang D. Characterization of the trace-level impurities in the bulk drug citalopram by high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem multistage mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2007; 21:2889-94. [PMID: 17663502 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Five trace impurities were detected in the bulk drug citalopram using high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. A simple and sensitive method suitable for liquid chromatography tandem multistage mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS(n)) analysis was developed. Using this method, the fragmentation behavior of citalopram and the impurities was investigated. Four impurities were rapidly characterized, and an unknown impurity was elucidated as 3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N-(1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran-5-yl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran-5-carboxamide on the basis of the MS(n) and exact mass evidence, and the proposed structure was further confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments after preparative isolation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cuirong Sun
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Doherty B, Rodriguez V, Leslie JC, McClean S, Smyth WF. An electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometric investigation of selected psychoactive pharmaceuticals and its application in drug and metabolite profiling by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2007; 21:2031-8. [PMID: 17534857 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A tandem mass spectrometric investigation of the collision-induced dissociation of five commonly prescribed psychoactive pharmaceuticals, risperidone, sertraline, paroxetine, trimipramine, and mirtazapine, and their metabolites has been carried out. Quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry was employed to generate tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) data of the compounds under investigation and structural assignments of product ions were supported by quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. These fragmentation studies were then utilised in the development of a liquid chromatographic method to identify the drugs and their metabolites in human hair and saliva samples, thus providing relevant profiling information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Doherty
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Smyth W, McClean S, Hack C, Ramachandran V, Doherty B, Joyce C, O’Donnell F, Smyth T, O’Kane E, Brooks P. The characterisation of synthetic and natural-product pharmaceuticals by electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and liquid chromatography (LC)-ESI-MS. Trends Analyt Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2006.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|