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Sazzad MA, Fabritius M, Boström P, Yang B. Advanced Tandem Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Complex Mixtures of Triacylglycerol Regioisomers: A Case Study of Bovine Milk Fat. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:8849-8858. [PMID: 38580310 PMCID: PMC11036391 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Comprehensive analysis of triacylglycerol (TAG) regioisomers is extremely challenging, with many variables that can influence the results. Previously, we reported a novel algorithmic method for resolving regioisomers of complex mixtures of TAGs. In the current study, the TAG Analyzer software and its mass spectrometric fragmentation model were further developed and validated for a much wider range of TAGs. To demonstrate the method, we performed for the first time a comprehensive analysis of TAG regioisomers of bovine milk fat, a very important and one of the most complex TAG mixtures in nature containing FAs ranging from short to long carbon chains. This analysis method forms a solid basis for further investigation of TAG regioisomer profiles in various natural fats and oils, potentially aiding in the development of new and healthier foods and nutraceuticals with targeted lipid structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Baoru Yang
- Food Sciences, Department
of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
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2
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Chadova K, Velansky P. Lipidome of the Brown Macroalga Undaria pinnatifida: Influence of Season and Endophytic Infection. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:466. [PMID: 37755079 PMCID: PMC10532667 DOI: 10.3390/md21090466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
An analysis of the lipidome of the brown alga Undaria pinnatifida (Laminariales) was performed' more than 900 molecular species were identified in 12 polar lipids and 1 neutral lipid using HPLC/MS-MS. The seasonal changes of U. pinnatifida lipidome were determined. It was shown that acclimatization to winter and spring was accompanied by an increase in the unsaturation of both polar and neutral lipids. In autumn and summer, on the contrary, the contents of more saturated molecular species of all lipid classes increased. Based on the data obtained, a scheme for the polar and neutral lipid synthesis in brown algae was proposed. In addition, the influence of infection with the brown filamentous endophyte Laminariocolax aecidioides (Ectocarpales) on U. pinnatifida lipidome was studied. It was found that infection has the most noticeable effect on the molecular species composition of triacylglycerides, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylhydroxyethylglycine of the host macrophyte. In infected samples of algae, changes in the composition of triacylglycerides were revealed both in areas with the presence of an endophyte and in adjacent intact tissues, which may indicate the occurrence of a secondary infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Chadova
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690041, Russia;
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3
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Gazlay W, Evans JJ. The impact of the complexing agent on the sensitivity of collision-induced dissociation spectra to fatty acid position for a set of XYZ-type triglycerides. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2022; 36:e9226. [PMID: 34820920 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The development of an automated platform for the positional analysis of triglycerides (TAGs) based on electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) continues to be pursued. This work evaluates the positional sensitivities of the collision-induced dissociation (CID) spectra of a representative set of XYZ triglycerides using sodium, lithium, and ammonium salts as complexing agents. METHODS A set of triglycerides were synthesized and analyzed via ESI-MS/MS using an ion trap mass spectrometer. Using three different complexing agents, the product ion spectra of the corresponding precursor ions for twelve XYZ TAGs were collected, where X, Y, and Z represent C16:0 , C18:1(c-9) , C18:2(cc-9,12) , and C20:4(cccc-5,8,11,14) fatty acid chains. These data were then used to prepare ternary plots for four positional isomer systems to evaluate the positional sensitivity differences among the three different complexing agents. RESULTS The positional sensitivities for each of the four positional isomer systems were robust for the sodium and lithium adducts. The CID data for the sodium and lithium TAGs demonstrated an unfavorable loss of the fatty acid in the center position and showed a higher sensitivity to fatty acid position, when compared with the CID data for ammonium adducts, especially for the arachidonic acid containing triglycerides. CONCLUSIONS The data shows that that the relative abundances of the DAG product ions for the XYZ-type TAGs when using sodium and lithium complexing agent adducts are sensitive to fatty acid position and are consistent for the diverse array of TAGs studied in this work. This suggests that using sodium or lithium as the complexing agent may be advantageous for the development of an automated platform for the positional analysis of complex TAG mixtures based on ESI-MS/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Gazlay
- Chemistry Department, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason J Evans
- Chemistry Department, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
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4
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Balgoma D, Guitton Y, Evans JJ, Le Bizec B, Dervilly-Pinel G, Meynier A. Modeling the fragmentation patterns of triacylglycerides in mass spectrometry allows the quantification of the regioisomers with a minimal number of standards. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1057:60-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Makarov P, Zheng D, Le D, Evans JJ. The Impact of the Complexing Cation on the Sensitivity of the Collisional-Induced Dissociation Spectra to Fatty Acid Position for a Set of YXY/YYX-type Triglycerides. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:1591-1598. [PMID: 29947151 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONAL The development of an automated platform for the positional analysis of triglycerides based on electrospray tandem mass spectrometry continues to be pursued. This work compares the positional sensitivities of the collisional-induced dissociation spectra for a representative set of YXY/YYX triglycerides using ammonium, silver, sodium and lithium as complexing agents. METHODS A set of triglycerides were synthesized and analyzed by electrospray tandem mass spectrometry using an ion trap mass spectrometer. Using different salt additives, the product ion spectra of the corresponding parent ions for twelve systems of the form YXY/YYX, where Y and X represent C16:0 , C18:1(c-9), C18:2(cc-9,12) and C20:4(cccc-5,8,11,14) , were collected. The data was used to prepare two-point calibration plots for each of the twelve positional isomer systems using each of the four complexing agents. RESULTS The positional sensitivities for all twelve positional isomer systems were robust for both the sodium and lithium TAG adducts. The CID data for both the sodium and lithium TAG adducts are much less sensitive to the degree of unsaturation and double bond position of the fatty acids constituents than the CID data for the ammonium adducts. CONCLUSION Using sodium or lithium TAG adducts may be advantageous for the development of an accurate predictive model for performing positional analysis of complex TAG mixtures based on electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Ammonium adducts are likely complicated by the ability of the ammonium ion to provide extra stability to some parent ions through hydrogen bond-like interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Makarov
- University of Massachusetts Boston, Chemistry Dept., 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Dong Zheng
- University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Duc Le
- University of Massachusetts Boston, Chemistry Dept., 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Jason J Evans
- Chemistry Department, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA, 02125
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6
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Yang K, Dilthey BG, Gross RW. Shotgun Lipidomics Approach to Stabilize the Regiospecificity of Monoglycerides Using a Facile Low-Temperature Derivatization Enabling Their Definitive Identification and Quantitation. Anal Chem 2016; 88:9459-9468. [PMID: 27532157 PMCID: PMC5538723 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Monoglycerides play a central role in lipid metabolism and are important signaling metabolites. Quantitative analysis of monoglyceride molecular species has remained challenging due to rapid isomerization via α-hydroxy acyl migration. Herein, we describe a shotgun lipidomics approach that utilizes a single-phase methyl tert-butyl ether extraction to minimize acyl migration, a facile low temperature diacetyl derivatization to stabilize regiospecificity, and tandem mass spectrometric analysis to identify and quantify regioisomers of monoglycerides in biological samples. The rapid and robust diacetyl derivatization at low temperatures (e.g., -20 °C, 30 min) prevents postextraction acyl migration and preserves regiospecificity of monoglyceride structural isomers. Furthermore, ionization of ammonium adducts of diacetyl monoglyceride derivatives in positive-ion mode markedly increases analytic sensitivity (low fmol/μL). Critically, diacetyl derivatization enables the differentiation of discrete monoglyceride regioisomers without chromatography through their distinct signature fragmentation patterns during collision induced dissociation. The application of this approach in the analysis of monoglycerides in multiple biologic tissues demonstrated diverse profiles of molecular species. Remarkably, the regiospecificity of individual monoglyceride molecular species is also diverse from tissue to tissue. Collectively, this developed approach enables the profiling, identification and quantitation of monoglyceride regioisomers directly from tissue extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Yang
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Departments of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Beverly G. Dilthey
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Departments of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Richard W. Gross
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Departments of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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7
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Marshall DL, Pham HT, Bhujel M, Chin JSR, Yew JY, Mori K, Mitchell TW, Blanksby SJ. Sequential Collision- and Ozone-Induced Dissociation Enables Assignment of Relative Acyl Chain Position in Triacylglycerols. Anal Chem 2016; 88:2685-92. [PMID: 26799085 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Unambiguous identification of isomeric lipids by mass spectrometry represents a significant analytical challenge in contemporary lipidomics. Herein, the combination of collision-induced dissociation (CID) with ozone-induced dissociation (OzID) on an ion-trap mass spectrometer is applied to the identification of triacylglycerol (TG) isomers that vary only by the substitution pattern of fatty acyl (FA) chains esterified to the glycerol backbone. Isolated product ions attributed to loss of a single FA arising from CID of [TG + Na](+) ions react rapidly with ozone within the ion trap. The resulting CID/OzID spectra exhibit abundant ions that unequivocally reveal the relative position of FAs along the backbone. Isomeric TGs containing two or three different FA substituents are readily differentiated by diagnostic ions present in their CID/OzID spectra. Compatibility of this method with chromatographic separations enables the characterization of unusual TGs containing multiple short-chain FAs present in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Marshall
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Huong T Pham
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong , Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Mahendra Bhujel
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Jacqueline S R Chin
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore , 117604, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore , 117543, Singapore
| | - Joanne Y Yew
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore , 117604, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore , 117543, Singapore
| | - Kenji Mori
- Photosensitive Materials Research Center, Toyo Gosei Company, Ltd., Chiba 270-1609, Japan
| | - Todd W Mitchell
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong , Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Stephen J Blanksby
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia.,School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong , Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
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8
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Zhang CR, Dissanayake AA, Kevseroğlu K, Nair MG. Evaluation of coriander spice as a functional food by using in vitro bioassays. Food Chem 2015; 167:24-9. [PMID: 25148954 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.06.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Coriander leaves and seeds are widely used as a condiment and spice. The use of roasted coriander seeds in food and beverage is very common. In this study, we investigated raw and roasted coriander seeds for their functional food quality using antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and human tumour cell proliferation inhibitory assays. The hexane and methanolic extracts of raw and roasted coriander seeds showed identical chromatographic and bioassay profiles. Chromatographic purification of the roasted seed extracts afforded tripetroselinin as the predominant component. Other isolates were petroselinic acid, 1,3-dipetroselinin, 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol, 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 4-O-β-d-glucopyranoside and linalool. Hexane and methanolic extracts of both raw and roasted seeds and pure isolates from them showed comparable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities to the positive controls used in the assays, and inhibited the growth of human tumour cells AGS (gastric carcinoma), DU-145 and LNCaP (prostate carcinoma), HCT-116 (colon carcinoma), MCF-7 (breast carcinoma) and NCI-H460 (lung carcinoma) by 4-34%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Rui Zhang
- Bioactive Natural Products and Phytoceuticals Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, MI, USA
| | - Amila A Dissanayake
- Bioactive Natural Products and Phytoceuticals Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, MI, USA
| | - Kudret Kevseroğlu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agronomy, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Kurupelit, Samsun 55139, Turkey
| | - Muraleedharan G Nair
- Bioactive Natural Products and Phytoceuticals Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, MI, USA.
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9
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Liu Y, Kakani R, Nair MG. Compounds in functional food fenugreek spice exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.09.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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10
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Murphy RC, Leiker TJ, Barkley RM. Glycerolipid and cholesterol ester analyses in biological samples by mass spectrometry. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2011; 1811:776-83. [PMID: 21757029 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Neutral lipids are a diverse family of hydrophobic biomolecules that have important roles in cellular biochemistry of all living species but have in common the property of charge neutrality. A large component of neutral lipids is the glycerolipids composed of triacylglycerols, diacylglycerols, and monoacylglycerols that can serve as cellular energy stores as well as signaling molecules. Another abundant lipid class in many cells is the cholesterol esters that are on one hand sterols and the other fatty acyl lipids, but in either case are neutral lipids involved in cholesterol homeostasis and transport in the blood. The analysis of these molecules in the context of lipidomics remains challenging because of their charge neutrality and the complex mixtures of molecular species present in cells. Various techniques have been used to ionize these neutral lipids prior to mass spectrometric analysis including electron ionization, atmospheric chemical ionization, electrospray ionization and matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization. Various approaches to deal with the complex mixture of molecular species have been developed including shotgun lipidomics and chromatographic-based separations such as gas chromatography, reversed phase liquid chromatography, and normal phase liquid chromatography. Several applications of these approaches are discussed. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA.
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11
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McLaren DG, He T, Wang SP, Mendoza V, Rosa R, Gagen K, Bhat G, Herath K, Miller PL, Stribling S, Taggart A, Imbriglio J, Liu J, Chen D, Pinto S, Balkovec JM, DeVita RJ, Marsh DJ, Castro-Perez JM, Strack A, Johns DG, Previs SF, Hubbard BK, Roddy TP. The use of stable-isotopically labeled oleic acid to interrogate lipid assembly in vivo: assessing pharmacological effects in preclinical species. J Lipid Res 2011; 52:1150-1161. [PMID: 21415123 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m011049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of stable isotopically labeled substrates and analysis by mass spectrometry have provided substantial insight into rates of synthesis, disposition, and utilization of lipids in vivo. The information to be gained from such studies is of particular benefit to therapeutic research where the underlying causes of disease may be related to the production and utilization of lipids. When studying biology through the use of isotope tracers, care must be exercised in interpreting the data to ensure that any response observed can truly be interpreted as biological and not as an artifact of the experimental design or a dilutional effect on the isotope. We studied the effects of dosing route and tracer concentration on the mass isotopomer distribution profile as well as the action of selective inhibitors of microsomal tri-glyceride transfer protein (MTP) in mice and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) in nonhuman primates, using a stable-isotopically labeled approach. Subjects were treated with inhibitor and subsequently given a dose of uniformly ¹³C-labeled oleic acid. Samples were analyzed using a rapid LC-MS technique, allowing the effects of the intervention on the assembly and disposition of triglycerides, cholesteryl esters, and phospholipids to be determined in a single 3 min run from just 10 μl of plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Timothy He
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc. Rahway, NJ
| | | | | | - Raymond Rosa
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc. Rahway, NJ
| | - Karen Gagen
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc. Rahway, NJ
| | - Gowri Bhat
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc. Rahway, NJ
| | | | - Paul L Miller
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc. Rahway, NJ
| | | | - Andrew Taggart
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc. Rahway, NJ
| | | | - Jinqi Liu
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc. Rahway, NJ
| | - Dunlu Chen
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc. Rahway, NJ
| | - Shirly Pinto
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc. Rahway, NJ
| | | | | | - Donald J Marsh
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc. Rahway, NJ
| | | | - Alison Strack
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc. Rahway, NJ
| | | | | | | | - Thomas P Roddy
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc. Rahway, NJ
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12
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McLaren DG, Miller PL, Lassman ME, Castro-Perez JM, Hubbard BK, Roddy TP. An ultraperformance liquid chromatography method for the normal-phase separation of lipids. Anal Biochem 2011; 414:266-72. [PMID: 21402047 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An ultraperformance liquid chromatography method using normal-phase solvents, a silica column, and evaporative light-scattering detection is presented. The method is based on a quaternary gradient profile and is capable of resolving the major neutral and polar lipids present in plasma and animal tissue in under 5 min, with a total cycle time of 11 min. Limits of quantitation for 7 different lipid classes were on the order of 200 ng of material on column which enables an accurate analysis from as little as 20 μL of plasma or 50 mg of tissue for typical samples. Intraday and interday precision for the determination of the major lipid classes in human plasma ranged from 3.6 to 10.5% CV with a variability in retention time of less than 6%. The utility of the method is demonstrated through the separation and quantitation of lipids in mouse plasma, liver, and heart tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G McLaren
- Atherosclerosis Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co. Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
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13
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Holčapek M, Dvořáková H, Lísa M, Girón AJ, Sandra P, Cvačka J. Regioisomeric analysis of triacylglycerols using silver-ion liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry: comparison of five different mass analyzers. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:8186-94. [PMID: 21075380 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Revised: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Silver-ion high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCI-MS) is used for the regioisomeric analysis of triacylglycerols (TGs). Standard mixtures of TG regioisomers are prepared by the randomization reaction from 8 mono-acid TG standards (tripalmitin, tristearin, triarachidin, triolein, trielaidin, trilinolein, trilinolenin and tri-gamma-linolenin). In total, 32 different regioisomeric doublets and 11 triplets are synthesized, separated by silver-ion HPLC using three serial coupled chromatographic columns giving a total length of 75cm. The retention of TGs increases strongly with the double bond (DB) number and slightly for regioisomers having more DBs in sn-1/3 positions. DB positional isomers (linolenic vs. γ-linolenic acids) are also separated and their reverse retention order in two different mobile phases is demonstrated. APCI mass spectra of all separated regioisomers are measured on five different mass spectrometers: single quadrupole LC/MSD (Agilent Technologies), triple quadrupole API 3000 (AB SCIEX), ion trap Esquire 3000 (Bruker Daltonics), quadrupole time-of-flight micrOTOF-Q (Bruker Daltonics) and LTQ Orbitrap XL (Thermo Fisher Scientific). The effect of different types of mass analyzer on the ratio of [M+H-R(i)COOH](+) fragment ions in APCI mass spectra is lower compared to the effect of the number of DBs, their position on the acyl chain and the regiospecific distribution of acyl chains on the glycerol skeleton. Presented data on [M+H-R(i)COOH](+) ratios measured on five different mass analyzers can be used for the direct regioisomeric determination in natural and biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Holčapek
- University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Studentská 573, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic.
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Camera E, Ludovici M, Galante M, Sinagra JL, Picardo M. Comprehensive analysis of the major lipid classes in sebum by rapid resolution high-performance liquid chromatography and electrospray mass spectrometry. J Lipid Res 2010; 51:3377-88. [PMID: 20719760 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d008391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sebum is a complex lipid mixture that is synthesized in sebaceous glands and excreted on the skin surface. The purpose of this study was the comprehensive detection of the intact lipids that compose sebum. These lipids exist as a broad range of chemical structures and concentrations. Sebum was collected with SebuTape(TM) from the foreheads of healthy donors, and then separated by HPLC on a C8 stationary phase with sub 2 µm particle size. This HPLC method provided high resolution and excellent reproducibility of retention times (RT). Compound mining was performed with time of flight (TOF) and triple quadrupole (QqQ) mass spectrometers (MS), which allowed for the classification of lipids according to their elemental composition, degree of unsaturation, and MS/MS fragmentation. The combination of the two MS systems detected 95 and 29 families of triacylglycerols (TAG) and diacylglycerols (DAG), respectively. Assignment was carried out regardless of positional isomerism. Among the wax esters (WE), 28 species were found to contain the 16:1 fatty acyl moiety. This method was suitable for the simultaneous detection of squalene and its oxygenated derivative. A total of 9 cholesterol esters (CE) were identified and more than 48 free fatty acids (FFA) were detected in normal sebum. The relative abundance of each individual lipid within its own chemical class was determined for 12 healthy donors. In summary, this method provided the first characterization of the features and distribution of intact components of the sebum lipidome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Camera
- Laboratorio di Fisiopatologia Cutanea e Centro Integrato di Metabolomica, Istituto Dermatologico San Gallicano (IRCCS), Rome, Italy.
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15
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Leskinen HM, Suomela JP, Kallio HP. Quantification of triacylglycerol regioisomers by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and ammonia negative ion atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2010; 24:1-5. [PMID: 19957298 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The regioisomer composition of triacylglycerols (TAGs) in various vegetable oils was determined with a new liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS method). A direct inlet ammonia negative ion chemical ionization (NICI) MS/MS method was improved by adapting it to LC negative ion (NI) atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) MS/MS system using ammonia as nebulizer gas. The method is based on the preferential formation of [M-H-RCOOH-100](-) ions during collision-induced dissociation by loss of sn-1/3 fatty acids from [M-H](-) ions. Calibration curves were created from nine reference TAGs: Ala/L/L, Gla/L/L, L/L/O, L/O/O, P/O/O, P/P/O, Po/Po/V, Po/Po/O, and C/O/O. The calibration curves were used to quantify the regioisomer compositions of selected TAGs in rapeseed oil, sunflower seed oil, palm oil, black currant seed oil, and sea buckthorn pulp oil. The method discriminates the different regioisomers and the results obtained by this method were in good agreement with previous results. This proves that this new method can be used for the determination of regiospecific distribution of fatty acids in TAGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi M Leskinen
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
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Loutelier-Bourhis C, Zovi O, Lecamp L, Bunel C, Lange CM. Contribution of two approaches using electrospray ionization with multi-stage mass spectrometry for the characterization of linseed oil. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2009; 23:3743-3752. [PMID: 19908212 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A detailed characterization of triacylglycerols (TAGs) present in linseed oil samples from a local producer was performed using electrospray ionization and two mass spectrometric approaches; direct infusion multi-stage mass spectrometry (MS(n)) experiments and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) using non-aqueous reversed-phase chromatographic conditions. The combination of both approaches permitted the identification of 26 TAGs. Comparison of the two analytical approaches showed that discrimination of regioisomers was achieved from MS3 data while other isobaric species were separated and identified by LC/MS/MS analysis. The results we obtained were also compared with those previously reported. The TAG composition of the studied linseed oil is qualitatively identical to that of linseed oils from various sources in Europe, Canada, Argentina or India. However, a few differences were observed with regard to the proportions of some TAGs; these can be explained by variations in the culture conditions, climate, and variety of the seeds.
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Lísa M, Velínská H, Holčapek M. Regioisomeric Characterization of Triacylglycerols Using Silver-Ion HPLC/MS and Randomization Synthesis of Standards. Anal Chem 2009; 81:3903-10. [DOI: 10.1021/ac900150j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Lísa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Nám. Čs. Legií 565, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Velínská
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Nám. Čs. Legií 565, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Holčapek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Nám. Čs. Legií 565, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
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Recent developments in tandem mass spectrometry for lipidomic analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 627:62-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2008] [Revised: 06/17/2008] [Accepted: 06/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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