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Missbach K, Flatschacher D, Bueschl C, Samson JM, Leibetseder S, Marchetti-Deschmann M, Zeilinger S, Schuhmacher R. Light-Induced Changes in Secondary Metabolite Production of Trichoderma atroviride. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:785. [PMID: 37623556 PMCID: PMC10456024 DOI: 10.3390/jof9080785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies aim at maximizing fungal secondary metabolite production but the influence of light during cultivation has often been neglected. Here, we combined an untargeted isotope-assisted liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approach with standardized cultivation of Trichoderma atroviride under three defined light regimes (darkness (PD), reduced light (RL) exposure, and 12/12 h light/dark cycle (LD)) to systematically determine the effect of light on secondary metabolite production. Comparative analyses revealed a similar metabolite profile upon cultivation in PD and RL, whereas LD treatment had an inhibiting effect on both the number and abundance of metabolites. Additionally, the spatial distribution of the detected metabolites for PD and RL was analyzed. From the more than 500 detected metabolites, only 25 were exclusively produced upon fungal growth in darkness and 85 were significantly more abundant in darkness. The majority were detected under both cultivation conditions and annotation revealed a cluster of substances whose production followed the pattern observed for the well-known T. atroviride metabolite 6-pentyl-alpha-pyrone. We conclude that cultivation of T. atroviride under RL can be used to maximize secondary metabolite production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Missbach
- Department of Agrobiotechnology IFA-Tulln, Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), 3430 Tulln, Austria; (K.M.)
- Department of Microbiology, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Christoph Bueschl
- Department of Agrobiotechnology IFA-Tulln, Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), 3430 Tulln, Austria; (K.M.)
| | - Jonathan Matthew Samson
- Department of Agrobiotechnology IFA-Tulln, Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), 3430 Tulln, Austria; (K.M.)
| | - Stefan Leibetseder
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (S.L.)
| | | | - Susanne Zeilinger
- Department of Microbiology, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rainer Schuhmacher
- Department of Agrobiotechnology IFA-Tulln, Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), 3430 Tulln, Austria; (K.M.)
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Mulatu A, Megersa N, Tolcha T, Alemu T, Vetukuri RR. Antifungal compounds, GC-MS analysis and toxicity assessment of methanolic extracts of Trichoderma species in an animal model. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274062. [PMID: 36149851 PMCID: PMC9506656 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi of the genus Trichoderma have been marketed for the management of diseases of crops. However, some Trichoderma species may produce toxic secondary metabolites and it should receive due attention to ensure human safety. In this study, we investigated the in vitro antagonistic potential of T. asperellum AU131 and T. longibrachiatum AU158 as microbial biocontrol agents (MBCAs) against Fusarium xylarioides and the associated antagonistic mechanism with bioactive substances. Swiss albino mice were used to evaluate the in vivo toxicity and pathogenicity of T. asperellum AU131 and T. longibrachiatum AU158 methanolic extracts and spore suspensions, respectively, in a preliminary safety assessment for use as biofungicides. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to profile volatile organic metabolites (VOCs) present in the methanolic extracts. The agar diffusion assay of the methanolic extracts from both T. asperellum AU131 and T. longibrachiatum AU158 were effective at a concentration of 200 μg/mL (1×107 spores/mL), causing 62.5%, and 74.3% inhibition, respectively. A GC-MS analysis of methanolic extracts from both bioagents identified 23 VOCs which classified as alcohols, acids, sesquiterpenes, ketones and aromatic compounds. The oral administration of methanolic extracts and spore suspensions of each Trichoderma species to female Swiss albino mice over 14 days did not show any significant signs of toxicity, mortality or changes to body weight. It can be concluded that the tested spore suspensions and methanolic extracts were not pathogenic or toxic, respectively, when administered to Swiss albino mice at various doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afrasa Mulatu
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Negussie Megersa
- Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Teshome Tolcha
- Department of Chemistry, Kotebe University of Education, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Alemu
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ramesh R. Vetukuri
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Castagnoli E, Marik T, Mikkola R, Kredics L, Andersson M, Salonen H, Kurnitski J. IndoorTrichodermastrains emitting peptaibols in guttation droplets. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:1408-1422. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Castagnoli
- Department of Civil Engineering; Aalto University; Espoo Finland
| | - T. Marik
- Department of Microbiology; Faculty of Science and Informatics; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - R. Mikkola
- Department of Civil Engineering; Aalto University; Espoo Finland
| | - L. Kredics
- Department of Microbiology; Faculty of Science and Informatics; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - M.A. Andersson
- Department of Civil Engineering; Aalto University; Espoo Finland
- Department of Food and Environmental Science; Helsinki University; Helsinki Finland
| | - H. Salonen
- Department of Civil Engineering; Aalto University; Espoo Finland
| | - J. Kurnitski
- Department of Civil Engineering; Aalto University; Espoo Finland
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture; Tallinn University of Technology; Tallinn Estonia
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Zeilinger S, Gruber S, Bansal R, Mukherjee PK. Secondary metabolism in Trichoderma – Chemistry meets genomics. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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5
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Holzlechner M, Reitschmidt S, Gruber S, Zeilinger S, Marchetti-Deschmann M. Visualizing fungal metabolites during mycoparasitic interaction by MALDI mass spectrometry imaging. Proteomics 2016; 16:1742-6. [PMID: 26959280 PMCID: PMC4982067 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Studying microbial interactions by MALDI mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) directly from growing media is a difficult task if high sensitivity is demanded. We present a quick and robust sample preparation strategy for growing fungi (Trichoderma atroviride, Rhizoctonia solani) on glass slides to establish a miniaturized confrontation assay. By this we were able to visualize metabolite distributions by MALDI MSI after matrix deposition with a home-built sublimation device and thorough recrystallization. We present for the first time MALDI MSI data for secondary metabolite release during active mycoparasitism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Holzlechner
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Reitschmidt
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Gruber
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Susanne Zeilinger
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
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7
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Tata A, Perez CJ, Ore MO, Lostun D, Passas A, Morin S, Ifa DR. Evaluation of imprint DESI-MS substrates for the analysis of fungal metabolites. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra12805f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimized in situ screening, characterization and imaging of fungal metabolites by imprint DESI-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sylvie Morin
- Department of Chemistry
- York University
- Toronto
- Canada
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Röhrich CR, Jaklitsch WM, Voglmayr H, Iversen A, Vilcinskas A, Nielsen KF, Thrane U, von Döhren H, Brückner H, Degenkolb T. Front line defenders of the ecological niche! Screening the structural diversity of peptaibiotics from saprotrophic and fungicolous Trichoderma/Hypocrea species. FUNGAL DIVERS 2014; 69:117-146. [PMID: 25722662 PMCID: PMC4338523 DOI: 10.1007/s13225-013-0276-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 950 individual sequences of non-ribosomally biosynthesised peptides are produced by the genus Trichoderma/Hypocrea that belong to a perpetually growing class of mostly linear antibiotic oligopeptides, which are rich in the non-proteinogenic α-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib). Thus, they are comprehensively named peptaibiotics. Notably, peptaibiotics represent ca. 80 % of the total inventory of secondary metabolites currently known from Trichoderma/Hypocrea. Their unique membrane-modifying bioactivity results from amphipathicity and helicity, thus making them ideal candidates in assisting both colonisation and defence of the natural habitats by their fungal producers. Despite this, reports on the in vivo-detection of peptaibiotics have scarcely been published in the past. In order to evaluate the significance of peptaibiotic production for a broader range of potential producers, we screened nine specimens belonging to seven hitherto uninvestigated fungicolous or saprotrophic Trichoderma/Hypocrea species by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray high resolution mass spectrometry. Sequences of peptaibiotics found were independently confirmed by analysing the peptaibiome of pure agar cultures obtained by single-ascospore isolation from the specimens. Of the nine species examined, five were screened positive for peptaibiotics. A total of 78 peptaibiotics were sequenced, 56 (=72 %) of which are new. Notably, dihydroxyphenylalaninol and O-prenylated tyrosinol, two C-terminal residues, which have not been reported for peptaibiotics before, were found as well as new and recurrent sequences carrying the recently described tyrosinol residue at their C-terminus. The majority of peptaibiotics sequenced are 18- or 19-residue peptaibols. Structural homologies with 'classical representatives' of subfamily 1 (SF1)-peptaibiotics argue for the formation of transmembrane ion channels, which are prone to facilitate the producer capture and defence of its substratum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian R Röhrich
- Bioresources Project Group, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Winchesterstrasse 2, 35394 Giessen, Germany. Present Address: AB SCIEX Germany GmbH, Landwehrstrasse 54, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Walter M Jaklitsch
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Faculty Centre of Biodiversity, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hermann Voglmayr
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Faculty Centre of Biodiversity, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anita Iversen
- Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark. Present Address: Danish Emergency Management Agency, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Vilcinskas
- Bioresources Project Group, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Winchesterstrasse 2, 35394 Giessen, Germany; Interdisciplinary Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition (IFZ), Department of Applied Entomology, Institute of Phytopathology and Applied Zoology (IPAZ), University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Kristian Fog Nielsen
- Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ulf Thrane
- Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Hans von Döhren
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology OE 2, Institute of Chemistry, Technical University of Berlin, Franklinstrasse 29, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans Brückner
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition (IFZ), Department of Food Sciences, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Degenkolb
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition (IFZ), Department of Applied Entomology, Institute of Phytopathology and Applied Zoology (IPAZ), University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Carroux A, Van Bohemen AI, Roullier C, Robiou du Pont T, Vansteelandt M, Bondon A, Zalouk-Vergnoux A, Pouchus YF, Ruiz N. Unprecedented 17-residue peptaibiotics produced by marine-derived Trichoderma atroviride. Chem Biodivers 2013; 10:772-86. [PMID: 23681725 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201200398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In the course of investigations on marine-derived toxigenic fungi, five strains of Trichoderma atroviride were studied for their production of peptaibiotics. While these five strains were found to produce classical 19-residue peptaibols, three of them exhibited unusual peptidic sodium-adduct [M + 2 Na](2+) ion peaks at m/z between 824 and 854. The sequencing of these peptides led to two series of unprecedented 17-residue peptaibiotics based on the model Ac-XXX-Ala-Ala-XXX-XXX-Gln-Aib-Aib-Aib-Ala/Ser-Lxx-Aib-Pro-XXX-Aib-Lxx-[C(129) ]. The C-terminus of these new peptides was common to all of them, and its elemental formula C5 H9 N2 O2 was established by HR-MS. It could correspond to the cyclized form of N(δ) -hydroxyornithine which has already been observed at the C-terminus of various peptidic siderophores. The comparison of the sequences of 17- and 19-residue peptides showed similarities for positions 1-16. This observation seems to indicate a common biosynthesis pathway. Both new 17-residue peptaibiotics and 19-residue peptaibols exhibited weak in vitro cytotoxicities against KB cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélique Carroux
- University of Nantes, LUNAM, Faculty of Pharmacy, MMS, F-44000 Nantes
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Panizel I, Yarden O, Ilan M, Carmeli S. Eight new peptaibols from sponge-associated Trichoderma atroviride. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:4937-60. [PMID: 24335521 PMCID: PMC3877895 DOI: 10.3390/md11124937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight new and four known peptaibols were isolated from a strain of the fungus, Trichoderma atroviride (NF16), which was cultured from an Axinellid sponge collected from the East Mediterranean coast of Israel. The structures of the pure compounds were determined using HRMS, MS/MS and one- and two-dimensional NMR measurements. The isolated compounds belong to the trichorzianines, a family of 19-residue linear hydrophobic peptides containing a high proportion of α-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib), an acetylated N-terminus and a C-terminal amino alcohol. These new peptaibols exhibited antimicrobial activity against environmental bacteria isolated from the Mediterranean coast of Israel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Panizel
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Chemistry and Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; E-Mail:
- Department of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; E-Mail:
| | - Oded Yarden
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel; E-Mail:
| | - Micha Ilan
- Department of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; E-Mail:
| | - Shmuel Carmeli
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Chemistry and Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +972-3-640-8550; Fax: +972-3-640-9293
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11
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Sequential determination of new peptaibols asperelines G-Z12 produced by marine-derived fungus Trichoderma asperellum using ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography combined with electrospray-ionization tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1309:90-5. [PMID: 23973015 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Thirty-eight short peptaibols in a microheterogeneous mixture derived from the fermentation broth of a marine-derived fungus Trichoderma asperellum were determined using ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography in combination with electrospray-ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESIMS/MS) techniques, including thirty-two new peptaibols namely asperelines G-Z13. The C-terminus bonded to proline (aspereline Z9) or hydroxyprolinol (aspereline Z12) is rarely found in nature. So far, it is the largest number of peptaibols to be detected at once on the basis of the selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode coupled to precursor scan techniques.
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12
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Röhrich CR, Iversen A, Jaklitsch WM, Voglmayr H, Berg A, Dörfelt H, Thrane U, Vilcinskas A, Nielsen KF, Von Döhren H, Brückner H, Degenkolb T. Hypopulvins, novel peptaibiotics from the polyporicolous fungus Hypocrea pulvinata, are produced during infection of its natural hosts. Fungal Biol 2012; 116:1219-1231. [PMID: 23245616 PMCID: PMC4886835 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate the significance of antibiotics for the producing organism(s) in the natural habitat, we screened specimens of the polyporicolous fungus Hypocrea pulvinata growing on its natural hosts Piptoporus betulinus and Fomitopsis pinicola. Results showed that a particular group of nonribosomally biosynthesised antibiotic polypeptides, the peptaibiotics, which contain the nonproteinogenic marker amino acid α-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib), was produced in the natural habitat by the fungicolous producer and, consequently, released into the host. Using liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray high-resolution mass spectrometry we detected especially 19-, but also 11-, 18-, and 20-residue peptaibiotics in the five infected specimens analysed. Structures of peptaibiotics found were confirmed by analysing the peptaibiome of pure agar cultures obtained by single-ascospore isolation from the specimens. The 19-residue peptaibols were determined as deletion sequences of the trichosporins B lacking the Aib residue in position 6. Notably, 26 of the 28 peptaibiotics sequenced were novel; therefore the name 'hypopulvins' was introduced. Considering not only the ubiquity of both the two host species but also the highly specific association between H. pulvinata and P. betulinus/F. pinicola, and the abundance of this fungicolous species in north temperate regions of the world, a decisive role for the peptaibiotics detected in this study is predicted, which may act as mediators of the complex interactions between the basidiomycetous host and its fungicolous ascomycete 'partner'. Structural analogies of the hypopulvins, particularly with other 18-, 19-, and 20-residue peptaibiotics, suggest that the hypopulvins are forming transmembrane ion channels and could thus support the hypothesis of a parasitic lifestyle of the fungicolous producer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian René Röhrich
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Bioresources Project Group, Winchesterstraße 2, 35394 Gießen, Germany
| | - Anita Iversen
- Department of Systems Biology, Center for Microbial Biotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Walter Michael Jaklitsch
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Faculty Centre of Biodiversity, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hermann Voglmayr
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Faculty Centre of Biodiversity, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Albrecht Berg
- Department of Biomaterials, Innovent e.V., Prüssingstraße 27 B, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Heinrich Dörfelt
- Department of Microbial Communication, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Neugasse 25, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ulf Thrane
- Department of Systems Biology, Center for Microbial Biotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Andreas Vilcinskas
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Bioresources Project Group, Winchesterstraße 2, 35394 Gießen, Germany
- Institute of Phytopathology and Applied Zoology, Department of Applied Entomology, IFZ, Justus-Liebig University Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Kristian Fog Nielsen
- Department of Systems Biology, Center for Microbial Biotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Hans Von Döhren
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Chemistry, Technical University of Berlin, Franklinstraße 29, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans Brückner
- Department of Food Sciences, IFZ, Justus-Liebig University Gießen, 35392 Gießen, Germany
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, College of Food Sciences and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas Degenkolb
- Department of Systems Biology, Center for Microbial Biotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Institute of Phytopathology and Applied Zoology, Department of Applied Entomology, IFZ, Justus-Liebig University Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Gießen, Germany
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Degenkolb T, Karimi Aghcheh R, Dieckmann R, Neuhof T, Baker SE, Druzhinina IS, Kubicek CP, Brückner H, von Döhren H. The Production of Multiple Small Peptaibol Families by Single 14-Module Peptide Synthetases in Trichoderma/Hypocrea. Chem Biodivers 2012; 9:499-535. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201100212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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14
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The UHPLC-DAD fingerprinting method for analysis of extracellular metabolites of fungi of the genus Geosmithia (Acomycota: Hypocreales). Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 400:2943-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-4982-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Revised: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Omann M, Zeilinger S. How a mycoparasite employs g-protein signaling: using the example of trichoderma. JOURNAL OF SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION 2010; 2010:123126. [PMID: 21637351 PMCID: PMC3100592 DOI: 10.1155/2010/123126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Revised: 07/06/2010] [Accepted: 07/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Mycoparasitic Trichoderma spp. act as potent biocontrol agents against a number of plant pathogenic fungi, whereupon the mycoparasitic attack includes host recognition followed by infection structure formation and secretion of lytic enzymes and antifungal metabolites leading to the host's death. Host-derived signals are suggested to be recognized by receptors located on the mycoparasite's cell surface eliciting an internal signal transduction cascade which results in the transcription of mycoparasitism-relevant genes. Heterotrimeric G proteins of fungi transmit signals originating from G-protein-coupled receptors mainly to the cAMP and the MAP kinase pathways resulting in regulation of downstream effectors. Components of the G-protein signaling machinery such as Gα subunits and G-protein-coupled receptors were recently shown to play crucial roles in Trichoderma mycoparasitism as they govern processes such as the production of extracellular cell wall lytic enzymes, the secretion of antifungal metabolites, and the formation of infection structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Omann
- Research Area of Gene Technology and Applied Biochemistry, Working Group Molecular Biochemistry of Fungi, Institute for Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Zeilinger
- Research Area of Gene Technology and Applied Biochemistry, Working Group Molecular Biochemistry of Fungi, Institute for Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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Degenkolb T, Brückner H. Peptaibiomics: Towards a Myriad of Bioactive Peptides Containing Cα-Dialkylamino Acids? Chem Biodivers 2008; 5:1817-43. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200890171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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17
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Stoppacher N, Zeilinger S, Omann M, Lassahn PG, Roitinger A, Krska R, Schuhmacher R. Characterisation of the peptaibiome of the biocontrol fungus Trichoderma atroviride by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2008; 22:1889-1898. [PMID: 18470867 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes the liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS)-based screening and characterisation of linear antibiotic alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib)-containing non-ribosomal peptides (NRP) in culture samples of the filamentous fungus Trichoderma atroviride ATCC 74058. Fungal culture filtrates were enriched by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and separated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), prior to mass spectrometric (MS) and tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) analysis on a triple quadrupole-linear ion trap tandem mass spectrometer. A workflow consisting of two alternative screening strategies was applied to search for NRP. Various MS full scan and MS/MS measurement modes led to the identification of 16 trichorzianines and diagnostic in-source fragment ions of another four trichorzianines. Furthermore, we detected 15 novel Aib-containing peptides with putative molecular weights ranging from 951.7 to 1043.7 g/mol (monoisotopic masses), composed of up to 9 amino acids. While the amino acid sequences of the novel peptaibiotics showed typical microheterogeneity and consisted of the amino acids Leu/Ile, Aib, Ser, Val/Iva, Gly, Ac-Aib, Tyr and Phe, the mass increments at the C-termini of the peptides were not assignable to any residues described in the literature. The amino acid sequences were confirmed and structure proposals made for both molecule termini by high-resolution MS and MS/MS analysis. We propose the group name 'trichoatrokontins' for the newly identified peptaibiotics. As no other peptaibiotics were found in the culture samples, the peptaibiome of the investigated strain of T. atroviride consists of at least 20 trichorzianines and 15 trichoatrokontins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Stoppacher
- Department for Agrobiotechnology , University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
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