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Xue Y, Yan Q, Li X, Jiang Z. Characterization of a novel aspartic protease from Trichoderma asperellum for the preparation of duck blood peptides. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:131. [PMID: 38229301 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12848-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
A novel aspartic protease gene (TaproA1) from Trichoderma asperellum was successfully expressed in Komagataella phaffii (Pichia pastoris). TaproA1 showed 52.8% amino acid sequence identity with the aspartic protease PEP3 from Coccidioides posadasii C735. TaproA1 was efficiently produced in a 5 L fermenter with a protease activity of 4092 U/mL. It exhibited optimal reaction conditions at pH 3.0 and 50 °C and was stable within pH 3.0-6.0 and at temperatures up to 45 °C. The protease exhibited broad substrate specificity with high hydrolysis activity towards myoglobin and hemoglobin. Furthermore, duck blood proteins (hemoglobin and plasma protein) were hydrolyzed by TaproA1 to prepare bioactive peptides with high ACE inhibitory activity. The IC50 values of hemoglobin and plasma protein hydrolysates from duck blood proteins were 0.105 mg/mL and 0.091 mg/mL, respectively. Thus, the high yield and excellent biochemical characterization of TaproA1 presented here make it a potential candidate for the preparation of duck blood peptides. KEY POINTS: • An aspartic protease (TaproA1) from Trichoderma asperellum was expressed in Komagataella phaffii. • TaproA1 exhibited broad substrate specificity and the highest activity towards myoglobin and hemoglobin. • TaproA1 has great potential for the preparation of bioactive peptides from duck blood proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Xue
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qiaojuan Yan
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xue Li
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhengqiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe City, 462000, Henan Province, China.
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Liu B, Han J, Zhang H, Li Y, An Y, Ji S, Liu Z. The regulatory pathway of transcription factor MYB36 from Trichoderma asperellum Tas653 resistant to poplar leaf blight pathogen Alternaria alternata Aal004. Microbiol Res 2024; 282:127637. [PMID: 38382286 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
In fungi, MYB transcription factors (TFs) mainly regulate growth, development, and resistance to stress. However, as major disease-resistance TFs, they have rarely been studied in biocontrol fungi. In this study, MYB36 of Trichoderma asperellum Tas653 (Ta) was shown to respond strongly to the stress caused by Alternaria alternata Aa1004. Compared with wild-type Ta (Ta-Wt), the inhibition rate of the MYB36 knockout strain (Ta-Kn) on Aa1004 decreased by 11.06%; the superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) activities decreased by 82.15 U/g, 0.19 OD470/min/g, and 1631.2 μmol/min/g, respectively. The MYB36 overexpression strain (Ta-Oe) not only enhanced hyperparasitism on Aa1004, caused its hyphae to swell, deform, or even rupture, but also reduced the incidence rate of poplar leaf blight. MYB36 regulates downstream (TFs, detoxification genes, defense genes, and other antifungal-related genes by binding to the cis-acting elements "ACAT" and "ATCG". Zinc finger TFs, as the main antifungal TFs, account for 90% of the total TFs, and Zn37.5 (23.24-) and Zn83.7 (23.18-fold) showed the greatest expression difference when regulated directly by MYB36. The detoxification genes mainly comprised 11 major major facilitator superfamily (MFS) genes, among which MYB36 directly increased the expression levels of three genes by more than 2-3.44-fold. The defense genes mainly encoded cytochrome P450 (P450) and hydrolases. e.g., P45061.3 (2-10.95-), P45060.2 (2-7.07-), and Hyd44.6 (2-2.30-fold). This study revealed the molecular mechanism of MYB36 regulation of the resistance of T. asperellum to A. alternata and provides theoretical guidance for the biocontrol of poplar leaf blight and the anti-disease mechanism of biocontrol fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jing Han
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Huifang Zhang
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; Modern Agricultural Industry Research Institute of Henan Zhoukou National Agricultural High-tech Industry Demonstration Zone, Zhoukou Normal University, Henan 466000, China
| | - Yuxiao Li
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yibo An
- National Forestry and Grassland National Reserve Forest Engineering Technology Research Center, Chongqing Forestry Investment and Development Co., Ltd., Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Shida Ji
- Horticultural College of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
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Zhan X, Wang R, Zhang M, Li Y, Sun T, Chen J, Li J, Liu T. Trichoderma-derived emodin competes with ExpR and ExpI of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum to biocontrol bacterial soft rot. Pest Manag Sci 2024; 80:1039-1052. [PMID: 37831609 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quorum sensing inhibitors (QSIs) are an emerging control tool that inhibits the quorum sensing (QS) system of pathogenic bacteria. We aimed to screen for potential QSIs in the metabolites of Trichoderma and to explore their inhibitory mechanisms. RESULTS We screened a strain of Trichoderma asperellum LN004, which demonstrated the ability to inhibit the color development of Chromobacterium subtsugae CV026, primarily attributed to the presence of emodin as its key QSI component. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction with reverse transcription results showed that after emodin treatment of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc), plant cell wall degrading enzyme-related synthetic genes were significantly downregulated, and the exogenous enzyme synthesis gene negative regulator (rsmA) was upregulated 3.5-fold. Docking simulations indicated that emodin could be a potential ligand for ExpI and ExpR proteins because it exhibited stronger competition than the natural ligands in Pcc. In addition, western blotting showed that emodin attenuated the degradation of n-acylhomoserine lactone on the ExpR protein and protected it. Different concentrations of emodin reduced the activity of pectinase, cellulase, and protease in Pcc by 20.81%-72.21%, 8.38%-52.73%, and 3.57%-47.50%. Lesion size in Chinese cabbages, carrots and cherry tomatoes following Pcc infestation was reduced by 10.02%-68.57%, 40.17%-88.56% and 11.36%-86.17%. CONCLUSION Emodin from T. asperellum LN004 as a QSI can compete to bind both ExpI and ExpR proteins, interfering with the QS of Pcc and reducing the production of virulence factors. The first molecular mechanism reveals the ability of emodin as a QSI to competitively inhibit two QS proteins simultaneously. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhan
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Diseases and Pests (College of Plant Protection, Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, PR China
| | - Rui Wang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Diseases and Pests (College of Plant Protection, Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, PR China
| | - Manman Zhang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Diseases and Pests (College of Plant Protection, Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, PR China
| | - Yuejiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Diseases and Pests (College of Plant Protection, Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, PR China
| | - Tao Sun
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, PR China
- Engineering Center of Agricultural Microbial Preparation Research and Development of Hainan, Hainan University, Haikou, PR China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jishun Li
- Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Diseases and Pests (College of Plant Protection, Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, PR China
- Engineering Center of Agricultural Microbial Preparation Research and Development of Hainan, Hainan University, Haikou, PR China
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Elshahawy IE, Marrez DA. Antagonistic activity of Trichoderma asperellum against Fusarium species, chemical profile and their efficacy for management of Fusarium-root rot disease in dry bean. Pest Manag Sci 2024; 80:1153-1167. [PMID: 37874198 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diseases caused by Fusarium pathogens lead to significant yield losses on many economically important crops. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antagonistic capability and chemical profile of the bioagent Trichoderma asperellum against several Fusarium strains. The efficacy of this strain in reducing Fusarium-root rot disease in dry bean was also examined. RESULTS The T. asperellum strain was identified based on sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and tef1 gen regions of ribosomal DNA. Dual cultural assay demonstrated their antagonistic activity against the studied Fusarium strains due to the probable combination of competition, mycoparasitism and antibiosis. This strain was positive for cellulase, chitinase and protease activity. The crude extracts of T. asperellum significantly suppressed the growth of the tested Fusarium strains with inhibition zone values ranging from 7.3 to 19.7 mm and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.15 to 1.42 mg mL-1 . The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of cell free supernatant and mycelial biomass of T. asperellum showed the presence of 27 and 21 compounds, respectively. The main compounds responsible for the bioactivity were butylated hydroxytoluene, hexadecanoic acid, 9-octadecenoic acid, ergosterol and hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester. Trichoderma asperellum significantly increased plant emergence and reduced root rot caused by Fusarium solani in dry bean grown under glasshouse and field trials. Further, plant biomass and dry bean yield were higher in T. asperellum-treated plants than in control plants. CONCLUSION Trichoderma asperellum was highly effective, through various mechanisms, against Fusarium strains especially F. solani which causes root rot in dry bean. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diaa Attia Marrez
- Food Toxicology and Contaminants Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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González Y, Martínez-Soto D, de Los Santos-Villalobos S, Garcia-Marin LE, Juarez-Moreno K, Castro-Longoria E. Potential application of a fungal co-culture crude extract for the conservation of post-harvest fruits. Braz J Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s42770-024-01274-5. [PMID: 38393617 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01274-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Fungal plant pathogens are responsible for serious losses in many economically important crop species worldwide. Due to the use of fungicides and the fungi genome plasticity, multi-drug resistant strains are emerging as a new generation of pathogens, causing an expansive range of superficial and systemic plant infections, or new opportunistic fungal pathogens for humans. The group of antagonistic fungi Trichoderma spp. has been widely used to enhance plant growth and for the control of different pathogens affecting crops. Although Neurospora crassa is not a mycoparasitic fungus, its secretion of secondary metabolites with antimicrobial activity has been described. In this work, the effect of crude extract of the monoculture of Trichoderma asperellum T8a or the co-culture with N. crassa as an inhibitory treatment against the fungal pathogens Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium solani was evaluated. The findings demonstrate that the secondary metabolites contained in the T. asperellum crude extract have a clear fungistatic activity against B. cinerea and F. solani. Interestingly, this fungistatic activity highly increases when T. asperellum is co-cultivated with the non-pathogenic fungus N. crassa. Moreover, the co-culture crude extract also showed antifungal activity on post-harvest fruits, and no toxic effects on Murine fibroblast L929 (CCL-1) and murine macrophages RAW 264.7 (TIB-71) were observed. All these results together are solid evidence of the potential of the co-culture crude extract of T. asperellum and N. crassa, as an antifungal agent against phytopathogenic fungi, or post-harvest fruits during the transportation or commercialization time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael González
- Department of Microbiology, Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education of Ensenada (CICESE), Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada 3918, Zona Playitas, 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Domingo Martínez-Soto
- Department of Microbiology, Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education of Ensenada (CICESE), Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada 3918, Zona Playitas, 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | | | - Luis E Garcia-Marin
- Department of Microbiology, Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education of Ensenada (CICESE), Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada 3918, Zona Playitas, 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Karla Juarez-Moreno
- Center for Applied Physics and Advanced Technology, UNAM. Blvd. Juriquilla 3001, Juriquilla La Mesa, 76230, Juriquilla, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Ernestina Castro-Longoria
- Department of Microbiology, Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education of Ensenada (CICESE), Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada 3918, Zona Playitas, 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.
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6
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Zheng F, Basit A, Wang J, Zhuang H, Chen J, Zhang J. Characterization of a novel acidophilic, ethanol tolerant and halophilic GH12 β-1,4-endoglucanase from Trichoderma asperellum ND-1 and its synergistic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127650. [PMID: 38287580 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
A novel acidophilic GH5 β-1,4-endoglucanase (TaCel12) from Trichoderma asperellum ND-1 was efficiently expressed in Pichia pastoris (a 1.5-fold increase). Deglycosylated TaCel12 migrated as a single band (26.5 kDa) in SDS-PAGE. TaCel12 was acidophilic with a pH optimum of 4.0 and displayed great pH stability (>80 % activity over pH 3.0-5.0). TaCel12 exhibited considerable activity towards sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate with Vmax values of 197.97 μmol/min/mg and 119.06 μmol/min/mg, respectively. Moreover, TaCel12 maintained >80 % activity in the presence of 20 % ethanol and 4.28 M NaCl. Additionally, Mn2+, Pb2+ and Cu2+ negatively affected TaCel12 activity, while the presence of 5 mM Co2+ significantly increased the enzyme activity. Analysis of action mode revealed that TaCel12 required at least four glucose (cellotetraose) residues for hydrolysis to yield cellobiose and cellotriose. Site-directed mutagenesis results suggested that Glu133 and Glu217 of TaCel12 are crucial catalytic residues, with Asp116 displaying an auxiliary function. Production of soluble sugars from lignocellulose is a crucial step in bioethanol development, and it is noteworthy that TaCel12 could synergistically yield fermentable sugars from corn stover and bagasse, respectively. Thus TaCel12 with excellent properties will be considered a potential biocatalyst for applications in various industries, especially for lignocellulosic biomass conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzhen Zheng
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Abdul Basit
- Department of Microbiology, University of Jhang, Jhang 35200, Pakistan
| | - Jiaqiang Wang
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Huan Zhuang
- Department of ENT and Head & Neck Surgery, The Children's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Jianfen Zhang
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310021, China
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Mou L, Pan R, Liu Y, Jiang W, Zhang W, Jiang Y, Xin F, Jiang M. Isolation of a newly Trichoderma asperellum LYS1 with abundant cellulase-hemicellulase enzyme cocktail for lignocellulosic biomass degradation. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 171:110318. [PMID: 37683573 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
As the most abundant and renewable natural resource in the world, lignocellulose is a promising alternative to fossil energy to relieve environmental concerns and resource depletion. However, due to its recalcitrant structure, strains with efficient degradation capability still need exploring. In this study, a fungus was successfully isolated from decayed wood and named as Trichoderma asperellum LYS1 by phylogenetic and draft genomic analysis. The further investigations showed that strain LYS1 had an outstanding performance on lignocellulose degradation, especially for hemicellulose-rich biomass. After the analysis of encoded CAZymes, mainly on GH family, a large amount of genes coding β-glucosidase and xylanase may contribute to the high degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose. Collectively, the results generated in this study demonstrated that T. asperellum LYS1 is a potential cell factory for lignocellulose biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Mou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China
| | - Runze Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China
| | - Yansong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China
| | - Wankui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China
| | - Wenming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China; Jiangsu Academy of Chemical Inherent Safety, Nanjing 211800, PR China
| | - Yujia Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China.
| | - Fengxue Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China; Jiangsu Academy of Chemical Inherent Safety, Nanjing 211800, PR China.
| | - Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China; Jiangsu Academy of Chemical Inherent Safety, Nanjing 211800, PR China
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Hamrouni R, Regus F, Claeys-Bruno M, Farnet Da Silva AM, Orsière T, Laffont-Schwob I, Boudenne JL, Dupuy N. Statistical Experimental Design as a New Approach to Optimize a Solid-State Fermentation Substrate for the Production of Spores and Bioactive Compounds from Trichoderma asperellum. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1123. [PMID: 37998928 PMCID: PMC10672489 DOI: 10.3390/jof9111123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Managing organic agricultural wastes is a challenge in today's modern agriculture, where the production of different agricultural goods leads to the generation of large amounts of waste, for example, olive pomace and vine shoot in Mediterranean Europe. The discovery of a cost-effective and environment-friendly way to valorize such types of waste in Mediterranean Europe is encouraged by the European Union regulation. As an opportunity, organic agricultural waste could be used as culture media for solid-state fermentation (SSF) for fungal strains. This methodology represents a great opportunity to produce secondary metabolites like 6-pentyl-alpha-pyrone (6-PP), a lactone compound with antifungal properties against phytopathogens, produced by Trichoderma spp. Therefore, to reach adequate yields of 6-PP, lytic enzymes, and spores, optimization using specific agricultural cheap local wastes from Southeastern France is in order. The present study was designed to show the applicability of an experimental admixture design to find the optimal formulation that favors the production of 6-PP. To conclude, the optimized formulation of 6-PP production by Trichoderma under SSF contains 18% wheat bran, 23% potato flakes, 20% olive pomace, 14% olive oil, 24% oatmeal, and 40% vine shoots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayhane Hamrouni
- CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Avignon Université, Aix Marseille University, 13013 Marseille, France; (F.R.); (M.C.-B.); (A.-M.F.D.S.); (T.O.)
| | - Flor Regus
- CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Avignon Université, Aix Marseille University, 13013 Marseille, France; (F.R.); (M.C.-B.); (A.-M.F.D.S.); (T.O.)
- IRD, LPED, UMR 151, Aix Marseille University, 13331 Marseille, France;
| | - Magalie Claeys-Bruno
- CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Avignon Université, Aix Marseille University, 13013 Marseille, France; (F.R.); (M.C.-B.); (A.-M.F.D.S.); (T.O.)
| | - Anne-Marie Farnet Da Silva
- CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Avignon Université, Aix Marseille University, 13013 Marseille, France; (F.R.); (M.C.-B.); (A.-M.F.D.S.); (T.O.)
| | - Thierry Orsière
- CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Avignon Université, Aix Marseille University, 13013 Marseille, France; (F.R.); (M.C.-B.); (A.-M.F.D.S.); (T.O.)
| | | | | | - Nathalie Dupuy
- CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Avignon Université, Aix Marseille University, 13013 Marseille, France; (F.R.); (M.C.-B.); (A.-M.F.D.S.); (T.O.)
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9
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Ji H, Yu R, Liu H, Zhang H, Wang X, Chen J, Li Y. Metabolic Features of a Novel Trichoderma asperellum YNQJ1002 with Potent Antagonistic Activity against Fusarium graminearum. Metabolites 2023; 13:1144. [PMID: 37999240 PMCID: PMC10673152 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13111144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichoderma, a well-known and extensively studied fungal genus, has gained significant attention for its remarkable antagonistic abilities against a wide range of plant pathogens. In this study, a total of 108 Trichoderma isolates were screened through in vitro dual antagonistic assays and culture filtrate inhibition against Fusarium graminearum. Of these, the YNQJ1002 displayed noteworthy inhibitory activities along with thermal stability. To validate the metabolic differences between YNQJ1002 and GZLX3001 (with strong and weak antagonism, respectively), UPLC-TOF-MS/MS mass spectrometry was employed to analyze and compare the metabolite profiles. We identified 12 significantly up-regulated metabolites in YNQJ1002, which include compounds like Trigoneoside, Torvoside, trans,trans-hepta-2,4,6-trienoic acid, and Chamazulene. These metabolites are known for their antimicrobial properties or signaling roles as components of cell membranes. Enriched KEGG analysis revealed a significant enrichment in sphingolipid metabolism and linoleic acid metabolism, as well as autophagy. The results demonstrated that YNQJ1002's abundance of antimicrobial substances, resulting from specific metabolic pathways, enhanced its superior antagonistic activity against F. graminearum. Finally, YNQJ1002 was identified using the ITS, tef1-1α, and rpb2 regions, with MIST system sequence matching confirming its classification within the species. Overall, we have obtained a novel strain, T. asperellum YNQJ1002, which is rich in metabolites and shows potential antagonistic activity against F. graminearum. This study has opened promising prospects for the development of innovative Trichoderma-derived antifungal compounds, featuring a unique mechanism against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Ji
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ruohan Yu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hongyi Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xinhua Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yaqian Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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10
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Khuong NQ, Nhien DB, Thu LTM, Trong ND, Hiep PC, Thuan VM, Quang LT, Thuc LV, Xuan DT. Using Trichoderma asperellum to Antagonize Lasiodiplodia theobromae Causing Stem-End Rot Disease on Pomelo ( Citrus maxima). J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:981. [PMID: 37888237 PMCID: PMC10607552 DOI: 10.3390/jof9100981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem-end rot disease has been causing damage to the production of pomelos in Vietnam. The cur-rent study aimed to (i) isolate fungal pathogens causing pomelo stem-end rot disease (PSERD) and (ii) discover Trichoderma spp. that had an antagonistic ability against pathogens under in vitro conditions. Fungi causing PSERD were isolated from pomelo fruits with symptoms of stem-end rot disease and collected from pomelo farms in Ben Tre province, Vietnam. Moreover, 50 fungal strains of Trichoderma spp. also originated from soils of these pomelo farms in Ben Tre province and were dual-tested with the fungal pathogen on the PDA medium. The results demonstrated that 11 pathogenic fungi causing PSERD were isolated from the fruit and showed mycelial growth of roughly 5.33-8.77 cm diameter at 72 h after inoculation. The two fungi that exhibited the fast-est growth, namely, S-P06 and S-P07, were selected. ITS sequencing of the S-P06 and S-P07 fungi resulted in Lasiodiplodia theobromae. All the 50 Trichoderma spp. strains were allowed to antago-nize against the S-P06 and S-P07 strains under in vitro conditions. The greatest antagonistic effi-ciency was found in Trichoderma spp. T-SP19 at 85.4-86.2% and T-SP32 at 84.7-85.4%. The two antagonists were identified as Trichoderma asperellum T-SP19 and T-SP32. The selected strains of Trichoderma asperellum were potent as a biological control for fruit plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Quoc Khuong
- Faculty of Crop Science, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho 94115, Vietnam; (N.Q.K.); (L.T.M.T.); (N.D.T.); (P.C.H.); (V.M.T.); (L.T.Q.); (L.V.T.)
| | - Dinh Bich Nhien
- Institute of Food and Biotechnology, Can Tho University, Can Tho 94115, Vietnam;
| | - Le Thi My Thu
- Faculty of Crop Science, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho 94115, Vietnam; (N.Q.K.); (L.T.M.T.); (N.D.T.); (P.C.H.); (V.M.T.); (L.T.Q.); (L.V.T.)
| | - Nguyen Duc Trong
- Faculty of Crop Science, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho 94115, Vietnam; (N.Q.K.); (L.T.M.T.); (N.D.T.); (P.C.H.); (V.M.T.); (L.T.Q.); (L.V.T.)
| | - Phan Chan Hiep
- Faculty of Crop Science, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho 94115, Vietnam; (N.Q.K.); (L.T.M.T.); (N.D.T.); (P.C.H.); (V.M.T.); (L.T.Q.); (L.V.T.)
| | - Vo Minh Thuan
- Faculty of Crop Science, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho 94115, Vietnam; (N.Q.K.); (L.T.M.T.); (N.D.T.); (P.C.H.); (V.M.T.); (L.T.Q.); (L.V.T.)
| | - Le Thanh Quang
- Faculty of Crop Science, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho 94115, Vietnam; (N.Q.K.); (L.T.M.T.); (N.D.T.); (P.C.H.); (V.M.T.); (L.T.Q.); (L.V.T.)
| | - Le Vinh Thuc
- Faculty of Crop Science, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho 94115, Vietnam; (N.Q.K.); (L.T.M.T.); (N.D.T.); (P.C.H.); (V.M.T.); (L.T.Q.); (L.V.T.)
| | - Do Thi Xuan
- Institute of Food and Biotechnology, Can Tho University, Can Tho 94115, Vietnam;
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11
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López-Coria M, Guzmán-Chávez F, Carvente-García R, Muñoz-Chapul D, Sánchez-Sánchez T, Arciniega-Ruíz JM, King-Díaz B, Sánchez-Nieto S. Maize plant expresses SWEET transporters differently when interacting with Trichoderma asperellum and Fusarium verticillioides, two fungi with different lifestyles. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1253741. [PMID: 37828934 PMCID: PMC10565004 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1253741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Most Trichoderma species are beneficial fungi that promote plant growth and resistance, while Fusarium genera cause several crop damages. During the plant-fungi interaction there is a competition for sugars in both lifestyles. Here we analyzed the plant growth promotion and biocontrol activity of T. asperellum against F. verticillioides and the effect of both fungi on the expression of the maize diffusional sugar transporters, the SWEETs. The biocontrol activity was done in two ways, the first was by observing the growth capacity of both fungus in a dual culture. The second one by analyzing the infection symptoms, the chlorophyl content and the transcript levels of defense genes determined by qPCR in plants with different developmental stages primed with T. asperellum conidia and challenged with F. verticillioides. In a dual culture, T. asperellum showed antagonist activity against F. verticillioides. In the primed plants a delay in the infection disease was observed, they sustained chlorophyll content even after the infection, and displayed upregulated defense-related genes. Additionally, the T. asperellum primed plants had longer stems than the nonprimed plants. SWEETs transcript levels were analyzed by qPCR in plants primed with either fungus. Both fungi affect the transcript levels of several maize sugar transporters differently. T. asperellum increases the expression of six SWEETs on leaves and two at the roots and causes a higher exudation of sucrose, glucose, and fructose at the roots. On the contrary, F. verticillioides reduces the expression of the SWEETs on the leaves, and more severely when a more aggressive strain is in the plant. Our results suggest that the plant is able to recognize the lifestyle of the fungi and respond accordingly by changing the expression of several genes, including the SWEETs, to establish a new sugar flux.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sobeida Sánchez-Nieto
- Dpto. de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Conjunto E. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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12
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Zheng F, Basit A, Zhang Z, Zhuang H, Chen J, Zhang J. Improved production of recombinant β-mannanase (TaMan5) in Pichia pastoris and its synergistic degradation of lignocellulosic biomass. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1244772. [PMID: 37744260 PMCID: PMC10513448 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1244772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mannan, a highly abundant and cost-effective natural resource, holds great potential for the generation of high-value compounds such as bioactive polysaccharides and biofuels. In this study, we successfully enhanced the expression of constructed GH5 β-mannanase (TaMan5) from Trichoderma asperellum ND-1 by employing propeptide in Pichia pastoris. By replacing the α-factor with propeptide (MGNRALNSMKFFKSQALALLAATSAVA), TaMan5 activity was significantly increased from 67.5 to 91.7 U/mL. It retained higher activity in the presence of 20% ethanol and 15% NaCl. When incubated with a high concentration of mannotriose or mannotetraose, the transglycosylation action of TaMan5 can be detected, yielding the corresponding production of mannotetraose or mannooligosaccharides. Moreover, the unique mechanism whereby TaMan5 catalyzes the degradation of mannan into mannobiose involves the transglycosylation of mannose to mannotriose or mannotetraose as a substrate to produce a mannotetraose or mannopentose intermediate, respectively. Additionally, the production of soluble sugars from lignocellulose is a crucial step in bioethanol development, and it is noteworthy that TaMan5 could synergistically yield fermentable sugars from corn stover and bagasse. These findings offered valuable insights and strategies for enhancing β-mannanase expression and efficient conversion of lignocellulosic biomass, providing cost-effective and sustainable approaches for high-value biomolecule and biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzhen Zheng
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Abdul Basit
- Department of Microbiology, University of Jhang, Jhang, Pakistan
| | - Zhiyue Zhang
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huan Zhuang
- Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, The Children’s Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianfen Zhang
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
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13
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Li S, Zhang FM, Shang XJ, Hou R. Control Effect and Mechanism of Trichoderma asperellum TM11 against Blueberry Root Rot. Pol J Microbiol 2023; 72:325-337. [PMID: 37725898 PMCID: PMC10561078 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2023-034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum is the primary pathogen of blueberry root rot; furthermore, we found that Fusarium commune can also cause root rot in blueberries. Trichoderma spp. is widely used to control plant diseases. We isolated Trichoderma asperellum (TM11) from blueberry rhizosphere soil to explore its control effect and mechanism on F. oxysporum and F. commune. We found that the inhibitory effects of TM11 volatiles and broth metabolites on F. oxysporum were significant, but only F. commune volatile metabolites had a significant inhibitory effect on its growth. Twelve known antimicrobial metabolites were detected from the methanol extract of TM11 fermentation broth by HPLC-MS. TM11 lysed and coiled around the hyphae of F. oxysporum and F. commune. The pot experiment showed that TM11 had significant control effects against F. oxysporum and F. commune, and inoculation of TM11 prior to that of F. oxysporum and F. commune was more effective. The TM11, TM11 and F. oxysporum, or F. commune and distilled water treatments had different effects on the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase, and the enzyme activity levels exhibited the following order: TM11 > TM11 and F. oxysporum or F. commune > distilled water. The results showed that TM11 provided effective control of blueberry root rot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Li
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Fu-Mei Zhang
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | | | - Rui Hou
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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14
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Zheng F, Basit A, Wang J, Zhuang H, Chen J, Zhang J. Biochemical analyses of a novel acidophilic GH5 β-mannanase from Trichoderma asperellum ND-1 and its application in mannooligosaccharides production from galactomannans. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1191553. [PMID: 37362936 PMCID: PMC10288326 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1191553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, an acidophilic GH5 β-mannanase (TaMan5) from Trichoderma asperellum ND-1 was efficiently expressed in Pichia pastoris (a 2.0-fold increase, 67.5 ± 1.95 U/mL). TaMan5 displayed the highest specificity toward locust bean gum (Km = 1.34 mg/mL, Vmax = 749.14 μmol/min/mg) at pH 4.0 and 65°C. Furthermore, TaMan5 displayed remarkable tolerance to acidic environments, retaining over 80% of its original activity at pH 3.0-5.0. The activity of TaMan5 was remarkably decreased by Cu2+, Mn2+, and SDS, while Fe2+/Fe3+ improved the enzyme activity. A thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analysis of the action model showed that TaMan5 could rapidly degrade mannan/MOS into mannobiose without mannose via hydrolysis action as well as transglycosylation. Site-directed mutagenesis results suggested that Glu205, Glu313, and Asp357 of TaMan5 are crucial catalytic residues, with Asp152 playing an auxiliary function. Additionally, TaMan5 and commercial α-galactosidase displayed a remarkable synergistic effect on the degradation of galactomannans. This study provided a novel β-mannanase with ideal characteristics and can be considered a potential candidate for the production of bioactive polysaccharide mannobiose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzhen Zheng
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Abdul Basit
- Department of Microbiology, University of Jhang, Jhang, Pakistan
| | - Jiaqiang Wang
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huan Zhuang
- Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, The Children's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianfen Zhang
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Li HL, Li XM, Ying Z, Li YH, Wang BG. Bisabolane sesquiterpene and cyclopentene derivatives from the marine algal-derived endophytic fungus Trichoderma asperellum EN-764. Phytochemistry 2023; 210:113644. [PMID: 36935049 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Four undescribed bisabolane sesquiterpenes and one undescribed cyclopentene derivative, together with one undescribed naturally occurring cyclopentenone derivative, were isolated and identified from the culture of the endophytic fungus Trichoderma asperellum EN-764, which was obtained from the marine red alga Palisada papillosa. Their structures were determined by detailed interpretation of NMR and mass spectroscopic data, while the relative and absolute configurations were unambiguously established based on NOESY experiments, modified Mosher's method, X-ray diffraction, and quantum chemical calculations (ECD and DP4+ probability analysis). The antibacterial activities of the isolated compounds were evaluated, and they exhibited inhibitory activity against some aquatic pathogens with MIC values ranging from 4 to 64 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Lei Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanhai Road 7, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Wenhai Road 1, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanhai Road 7, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Xiao-Ming Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanhai Road 7, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Wenhai Road 1, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanhai Road 7, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhen Ying
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanhai Road 7, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19A, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yan-He Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanhai Road 7, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19A, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bin-Gui Wang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanhai Road 7, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Wenhai Road 1, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanhai Road 7, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19A, Beijing, 100049, China.
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16
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Rimkus A, Namina A, Dzierkale MT, Grigs O, Senkovs M, Larsson S. Impact of Growth Conditions on the Viability of Trichoderma asperellum during Storage. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11041084. [PMID: 37110507 PMCID: PMC10143629 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11041084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As excellent biocontrol agents and plant growth promoters, Trichoderma species are agriculturally important. Trichoderma spp. cultures can be produced using solid-state or submerged cultivation, the latter being much less labor intensive and easier to control and automate. The aim of the study was to investigate the ability to increase the shelf-life of T. asperellum cells by optimizing cultivation media and upscaling the submerged cultivation process. Four different cultivation media were used with or without the addition of Tween 80 and stored with or without incorporation into peat, and viability, expressed as CFU/g, was assessed during one year of storage in an industrial warehouse. The addition of Tween 80 had a positive effect on the biomass yield. The culture medium played a major role in the ability of the mycelium to produce spores, which in turn influenced the amount of CFU. This effect was less pronounced when the biomass was mixed with peat prior to storage. A procedure that increases the number of CFU in a peat-based product formulation is recommended, namely, incubation of the mixture at 30 °C for 10 days prior to storage at 15 °C over an extended period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Rimkus
- Bioefekts Ltd., 30 Livzemes Street, LV-2169 Salaspils, Latvia
| | - Agne Namina
- Bioefekts Ltd., 30 Livzemes Street, LV-2169 Salaspils, Latvia
| | | | - Oskars Grigs
- Laboratory of Bioengineering, Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes Street 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Maris Senkovs
- Bioefekts Ltd., 30 Livzemes Street, LV-2169 Salaspils, Latvia
- Microbial Strain Collection of Latvia, Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, 1 Jelgavas Street, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Simona Larsson
- Bioefekts Ltd., 30 Livzemes Street, LV-2169 Salaspils, Latvia
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17
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Ogunleye GE, Adebayo-Tayo BC, Oyinlola KA. Biological evaluation of extracellular mycosynthesized silver nanoparticles by Trichoderma asperellum. Biometals 2023; 36:97-109. [PMID: 36414828 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00463-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mycosynthesis of silver nano-scale particles by fungi is an important aspect in nanotechnology due to its eco-friendly, safe, and cost-effective nature. It also provides protein-capped nanoparticles, which are very stable and have good dispersion. The Mycosynthesis of silver nano-scale particles (SNPs) by Trichoderma asperellum Filtrate (TAF) was evaluated. The characterizations of TAFSNPs were done by UV-visible spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM, and EDX. Biological evaluations such as antibacterial activity against some pathogens, in-vivo immuno-stimulatory, and antitumor potential and hematological parameters of SNPs of T. asperellum were investigated. Changes in color from yellow to brown indicate the formation of nanoparticles. TAFSNPs biosynthesis had a Surface Plasmon Resonance peak at 450 nm. The nanoparticles were spherical, with a size ranging from 0.7 to 10.0 nm. EDX analysis revealed a strong signal for the silver element. TAFSNPs had profound antagonistic activity against the test microorganism. B. subtilis, S. aureus, and Salmonella typhi were highly susceptible with inhibition zone of 24.3 mm, 21.8 mm, and 21.3 mm. TAFSNPs had significant immune-stimulation in the treated mice with an increase in IgA and IgM production, which ranged from 169 0.83d-269 0.56a mg/dl and 26 0.16d-69 0.27a mg/dl. TAFSNPs had CEA level reduction capability (3.62-4.05 ng/L). TAFSNPs had the highest amounts of PCV, Red blood cells, heamoglobin, and neutrophils (38%, 5.7 × 1012%, 14.09 g/dl, and 71%). Significant improvement was recorded on the lifespan of the TAFSNPs treated tumor-induced mice. Conclusively, TAFSNPs have good antimicrobial, immuno-stimulatory, and antitumor potential.
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18
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Wang S, Zhang J, Cui Y, Li T, Pan L, Li K, Wang L, Zhu Z. Trichoderma asperellum as a novel source to prepare chitooligosaccharides by enzymatic hydrolysis and its antimicrobial activity. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2023. [PMID: 36625479 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharides (COS), an important biological functional component, are mainly extracted from marine products, but its raw materials are currently facing challenges such as marine resources pollution and demineralization. This study aimed to explore Trichoderma asperellum as a novel source to prepare COS. The COS were prepared by the enzymatic degradation of chitosan from T. asperellum, and single factor experiment and orthogonal designs were used to optimize the enzymatic conditions for the preparation of COS. The composition of COS was performed by thin-layer chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The results showed that the degree of deacetylation of T. asperellum chitosan was 87.59%, and its enzymatic hydrolysis yield was 89.37 % under optimized extraction conditions. Moreover, the composition of COS in T. asperellum included chitotriose, chitopentaose, and chitohexaose. Compared with shrimp shells, COS prepared from T. asperellum showed stronger antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Salmonella bacilli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yidan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Tengda Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Lichao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Kun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Liuya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenyuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
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19
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Rubio-Tinajero S, Osorio-Hernández E, Estrada-Drouaillet B, Silva-Espinosa JHT, Delgado-Martínez R, Espinoza-Ahumada CA, Ríos-Velasco C, Torres-Castillo JA. In vitro biocontrol of Fusarium oxysporum with antagonistic microorganisms and In vivo effect on Solanum lycopersicum L. J Environ Sci Health B 2022; 57:625-635. [PMID: 35860961 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2022.2093590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the effects of In vitro biocontrol of Trichoderma spp. and Bacillus spp. against Fusarium oxysporum and its in vivo effect on Solanum lycopersicum plants. The antagonistic effect in vitro of microcapsules of Trichoderma spp. and Bacillus spp. against F. oxysporum, was evaluated by inhibition and antagonism classification, in the in vivo part growth variables in plant and fruit were measured. Trichoderma asperellum showed inhibition of 84.7% and class 1 and Bacillus spp., obtained an inhibition of 83.7% with a positive classification. The canonical correspondence analysis of the fruit, the T1 treatment indicates that the variables that highlight the effect of the treatment are the firmness of the fruit and the Brix. The canonical correspondence analysis of the plant, the height presents a significant difference (P < 0.05), highlighting B. subtilis, Bacillus liquefasciens, T. harzianum and T. asperellum + Bacillus amiloliquefasciens, with 1.05 and 1.1 m compared to the control of 74 cm, also highlighted the number of total fruits in the T. harzianum treatment with an average of 22.6 fruits and root weight in B. subtilis with 37.12 g. Strains of Trichoderma spp. and Bacillus spp. successfully inhibited F. oxysporum also induced growth in the tomato plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarahi Rubio-Tinajero
- Research and Postgraduate, Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Autonomous University of Tamaulipas, Adolfo López Mateos University Center, Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Osorio-Hernández
- Research and Postgraduate, Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Autonomous University of Tamaulipas, Adolfo López Mateos University Center, Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico
| | - Benigno Estrada-Drouaillet
- Research and Postgraduate, Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Autonomous University of Tamaulipas, Adolfo López Mateos University Center, Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico
| | - José Hugo Tomás Silva-Espinosa
- Research and Postgraduate, Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Autonomous University of Tamaulipas, Adolfo López Mateos University Center, Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico
| | - Rafael Delgado-Martínez
- Research and Postgraduate, Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Autonomous University of Tamaulipas, Adolfo López Mateos University Center, Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico
| | | | - Claudio Ríos-Velasco
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Center for Research in Food and Development (CIAD A.C.), Cuauhtémoc, Chihuahua, Mexico
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Spasova M, Manolova N, Rashkov I, Naydenov M. Eco-Friendly Hybrid PLLA/Chitosan/ Trichoderma asperellum Nanomaterials as Biocontrol Dressings against Esca Disease in Grapevines. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122356. [PMID: 35745931 PMCID: PMC9228446 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi constitute the largest number of plant pathogens and are responsible for a range of serious plant diseases. Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (P. chlamydospora) and Phaeoacremonium aleophilum (P. aleophilum) are the main fungal pathogens causing esca disease in grapevines. On the other hand, there are beneficial microorganisms such as Trichoderma spp., which are able to control the growth of many phytopathogens. In the present study, innovative, eco-friendly hybrid nanomaterials were created by electrospinning PLLA, followed by the formation of a film of chitosan/Trichoderma asperellum (T. asperellum) spores on the fibers. The polymer carrier used in this study plays an active role in ensuring the viability of the biological agent during storage and, when placed in contact with moisture, ensures the agent’s normal development. Oligochitosan, as well as low molecular weight and high molecular weight chitosan, were used. The effects of chitosan molecular weight on the dynamic viscosity of chitosan solutions, film formation, mechanical properties, spore incorporation and growth were studied. The morphology of the prepared nanomaterials, and the presence of a film based on the formation of chitosan/T. asperellum spores on the PLLA fibers, were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface chemical compositions of the fibrous materials were studied using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). The mechanical properties of the obtained materials were also tested. The microbiological screening that was performed revealed that the eco-friendly hybrid nanomaterials incorporated with the beneficial microorganism, T. asperellum, to hamper the growth of the pathogenic P. chlamydospora and P. aleophilum fungi. The suppression rate depended on the viscosity of the chitosan solution used for the film formation. The use of oligochitosan resulted in the most effective infection of the material with T. asperellum spores. The environmentally friendly hybrid nanomaterials obtained in this study—in which the bioagent was embedded—are promising bioactive dressings for protecting grapevines against esca disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Spasova
- Laboratory of Bioactive Polymers, Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St, bl. 103A, BG-1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (N.M.); (I.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Nevena Manolova
- Laboratory of Bioactive Polymers, Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St, bl. 103A, BG-1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (N.M.); (I.R.)
| | - Iliya Rashkov
- Laboratory of Bioactive Polymers, Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St, bl. 103A, BG-1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (N.M.); (I.R.)
| | - Mladen Naydenov
- Department of Microbiology, Agricultural University, BG-4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
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21
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Singh B, Garg N, Mathur P, Soni SK, Vaish S, Kumar S. Microbial production of multienzyme preparation from mosambi peel using Trichoderma asperellum. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:313. [PMID: 35543769 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02913-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Fruit and vegetable wastes create unhygienic conditions and pose a environmental pollution. The utilization of such wastes as carbon sources for production of enzyme with microbial intervention could be an ecofriendly and profitable approach, apart from diminishing the waste load. The present investigation focused on the feasibility of using mosambi (Citrus limetta) peel as substrate for multienzyme production (pectinase, cellulase and amylase) through microbial intervention. Fifteen fungi were isolated from organic waste and screened in vitro their potential of biodegradation of mosambi peel through enzymes production. The best performing isolate was selected and identified as Trichoderma asperellum NG-125 (accession number-MW287256). Conditions viz. temperature, pH, incubation time and nutrient addition were optimized for efficient enzymes production. The maximum enzyme activity (U ml-1 min-1) of pectinase (595.7 ± 2.47), cellulase (497.3 ± 2.06) and amylase (440.9 ± 1.44) were observed at pH 5.5, incubation temperature of 30 °C after 10 days of fermentation. Moreover, macro-nutrients such as ammonium sulfate (0.1%) and potassium-di-hydrogen-ortho-phosphate (0.01%) further also enhanced the production of enzymes. The SDS-PAGE analysis of purified pectinase, cellulase and amylase using showed molecular mass of 43, 66 and 33 kDa, respectively. The enzyme retention activity (ERA) of aforesaid enzymes was also tested with four different natural fiber matrices viz., bagasse, rice husk, paddy straw and wheat straw. Among these, the maximum ERA was observed on bagasse matrix (pectinase-56.35%, cellulose-77.68% and amylase 59.54%). Enzymatic juice clarification yield obtained with test enzyme was 75.8%, as compared to 80.5% of commercial enzyme. The result indicates that T. asperellum may be exploited as multifaceted biocatalysis.
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Acosta-González U, Silva-Rojas HV, Fuentes-Aragón D, Hernández-Castrejón J, Romero-Bautista A, Rebollar-Alviter A. Comparative Performance of Fungicides and Biocontrol Products in the Management of Fusarium Wilt of Blackberry. Plant Dis 2022; 106:1419-1427. [PMID: 34879723 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-08-21-1742-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium wilt of blackberry (FWB) is an emerging disease caused by a Fusarium oxysporum species complex. More than 3,000 ha of blackberry (Rubus spp.) crops have been lost in Mexico since 2011. The objectives of this research were: to evaluate the sensitivity of pathogenic F. oxysporum isolates recovered from symptomatic blackberry plants to fungicides with different modes of action; to assess the potential of these fungicides and plant resistance inducers against FWB in the greenhouse; and to determine the effects of commercial biofungicides and two indigenous strains of Trichoderma spp. on the incidence of FWB. The EC50 values of the fungicides prochloraz, thiabendazole, azoxystrobin, thiophanate-methyl, difenoconazole, triflumizole, and potassium phosphite for six pathogenic F. oxysporum isolates were determined. In a separate experiment, the fungicides acibenzolar-s-methyl (ASM), potassium phosphite, and commercial biofungicides, as well as two soil microbial inoculants and two indigenous Trichoderma strains, were tested for protection against wilt development in blackberry plants in the greenhouse. Prochloraz showed an average sensitivity for EC50 of 0.01 μg ml-1 for the tested F. oxysporum isolates, followed by difenoconazole and thiabendazole. Prochloraz and ASM proved to be the most effective treatments in the greenhouse. In contrast, potassium phosphite was ineffective in both the in vitro and in vivo experiments. The soil bioinoculants MicroSoil, Baktillis, T. koningiopsis, and T. asperellum significantly reduced the incidence of disease in the greenhouse. These results provide evidence for the potential of the various tools as useful components of integrated FWB management in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hilda V Silva-Rojas
- Producción de Semillas, Colegio de Postgraduados, Montecillo, Texcoco, Estado de México 56230, Mexico
| | - Dionicio Fuentes-Aragón
- Posgrado en Fitosanidad, Colegio de Postgraduados, Montecillo, Texcoco, Estado de México 56230, Mexico
| | | | | | - Angel Rebollar-Alviter
- Centro Regional Morelia, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Morelia, Michoacán 58170, Mexico
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Batool R, Umer MJ, Wang Y, He K, Shabbir MZ, Zhang T, Bai S, Chen J, Wang Z. Myco-Synergism Boosts Herbivory-Induced Maize Defense by Triggering Antioxidants and Phytohormone Signaling. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:790504. [PMID: 35251075 PMCID: PMC8892192 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.790504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biocontrol strategies are the best possible and eco-friendly solution to develop resistance against O furnacalis and improve the maize yield. However, the knowledge about underlying molecular mechanisms, metabolic shifts, and hormonal signaling is limited. METHODS Here, we used an axenic and a consortium of entomopathogenic Beauveria bassiana OFDH1-5 and a pathogen-antagonistic Trichoderma asperellum GDFS1009 in maize and observed that consortium applications resulted in higher chlorophyll contents and antioxidants activities [superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), proline, protease, and polyphenol oxidase (PPO)] with a decrease in O. furnacalis survival. We performed a comprehensive transcriptome and an untargeted metabolome profiling for the first time at a vegetative stage in fungal inoculated maize leaves at 0-, 12-, 24-, 48-, and 72-h post insect infestation. RESULTS The consortium of B. bassiana and T. asperellum leads to 80-95% of O. furnacalis mortality. A total of 13,156 differentially expressed genes were used for weighted gene coexpression network analysis. We identified the six significant modules containing thirteen candidate genes [protein kinase (GRMZM2G025459), acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (GRMZM5G864319), thioredoxin gene (GRMZM2G091481), glutathione S-transferase (GRMZM2G116273), patatin-like phospholipase gene (GRMZM2G154523), cytochrome P450 (GRMZM2G139874), protease inhibitor (GRMZM2G004466), (AC233926.1_FG002), chitinase (GRMZM2G453805), defensin (GRMZM2G392863), peroxidase (GRMZM2G144153), GDSL- like lipase (AC212068.4_FG005), and Beta-glucosidase (GRMZM2G031660)], which are not previously reported that are highly correlated with Jasmonic acid - Ethylene (JA-ET) signaling pathway and antioxidants. We detected a total of 130 negative and 491 positive metabolomic features using a ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS). Intramodular significance and real time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) expressions showed that these genes are the true candidate genes. Consortium treated maize had higher jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), and ethylene (ET) levels. CONCLUSION Our results provide insights into the genetics, biochemicals, and metabolic diversity and are useful for future biocontrol strategies against ACB attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raufa Batool
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Jawad Umer
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS), Anyang, China
| | - Yangzhou Wang
- Insect Ecology, Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Kanglai He
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Tiantao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuxiong Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenying Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Karim H, Azis AA, Jumadi O. Antagonistic activity and characterization of indigenous soil isolates of bacteria and fungi against onion wilt incited by Fusarium sp. Arch Microbiol 2021; 204:68. [PMID: 34950974 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02663-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Tuber rot disease due to phytopathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae (Foc) infection is one of the main factors causing the decreasing global onions production. This study aims to find bacteria and fungi candidates with Foc antagonistic activity through in vitro tests using dual culture techniques. A total of three bacterial isolates and three fungal isolates isolated from the rhizosphere of healthy onion plants showed the ability to inhibit Fusarium oxysporum growth. LC648364 isolate had an average inhibitory capability of 65.93%. At the same time, LC648367 and LC648368 fungal isolates can inhibit the growth of F. oxysporum by as much as 74.82% and 67.76%, respectively. Molecular analysis based on 16S rRNA markers showed three isolates belonging to the Bacillus. The LC648364 isolates are closely related to species Bacillus sp. strain LLB-17, LC648365 is closely related to B. subtilis strain S11 and LC648366 is closely related to B. cereus strain EM6. For the fungi, based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene markers, there are three isolates. The LC648367 isolate is closely related to Aspergillus tubingensis, LC648368 is closely related to Trichoderma asperellum and LC648369 is closely related to Issatchenkia orientalis. This study can be used to develop indigenous microbial consortiums as biological control agents for phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium tuber rot on onion.
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Singh G, Tiwari A, Gupta A, Kumar A, Hariprasad P, Sharma S. Bioformulation development via valorizing silica-rich spent mushroom substrate with Trichoderma asperellum for plant nutrient and disease management. J Environ Manage 2021; 297:113278. [PMID: 34325372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation was performed to valorize paddy straw (PS) based silica (Si) rich Spent Mushroom Substrate (SMS) of Pleurotus ostreatus for Plant Nutrient and Disease Management in wilt (caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici) susceptible tomato plant F1 Hybrid King 180. Raw PS and SMS generated by P. ostreatus cultivated on PS only, and PS amended with 5% soybean cake (SC) were bio-fortified with Trichoderma asperellum (TA). SMS (PS+ 5% SC) was found supporting the growth of T. asperellum to an extent of 12.37 × 1013 conidia/g substrate. GC-MS analysis of SMS detected several bioactive metabolites like Palmitic acid, Oleic acid, Methyl linoleate, Stigmasterol, etc., known for plant health management. Bioformulations were developed employing Press Mud (PM) and Talcum Powder (TP) as carrier materials. Among the different bioformulations tested in pots study; SMS (PS+ 5% SC) SiTAPM, collectively named as TF-I, provided improved levels of morpho-biochemical and nutritional parameters, i.e., Plant Biomass (2.27 folds), Root Volume (1.75 folds), Chlorophyll (2.66 folds), Carotenoids (2.42 folds), Number of Fruits (1.76 folds), Fruit Biomass (2.02 folds), Total Soluble Sugars (2.32 folds), Total Soluble Proteins (1.70 folds), and nutraceutical parameters as Lycopene (1.42 folds), β-carotene (2.65 folds) and Ascorbic Acid (1.54 folds), along with significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the Disease Severity Index (84.34%-21.23%), over the pathogen affected plant taken as control. The fruits and leaves garnered under TF-I displayed Total Polyphenol Content (TPC) of 74.5 and 126.9 mg g-1 gallic acid, respectively, with 83.73% DPPH and 72.25% FRAP activity, indicating the elicitation of antioxidant properties in tomato fruits. EDS analyses showed 21.53% Si in SMS, and plant mapping investigation indicated a substantial accumulation of Si, which is well conceded to promote growth, disease resistance, and antioxidant parameters. The study also endorsed the use of PM over TP, as TF-I recorded an acceptable conidial count (2.22 × 108 cfu/g) towards the end of six months storage period over other bioformulations. Overall, the study envisages the development and application of innovative methodology (TF-I), offering an eco-friendly alternative for producing quality crops and a sustainable solution to waste management, thus delivering a holistic contribution towards the circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Singh
- Centre for Rural Development & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Abhay Tiwari
- Centre for Rural Development & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Akansha Gupta
- Centre for Rural Development & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Metagenomics and Secretomics Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, 470003, India
| | - P Hariprasad
- Centre for Rural Development & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Satyawati Sharma
- Centre for Rural Development & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), New Delhi, 110016, India.
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Hamrouni R, Dupuy N, Karachurina A, Mitropoulou G, Kourkoutas Y, Molinet J, Maiga Y, Roussos S. Biotechnological potential of Zymotis-2 bioreactor for the cultivation of filamentous fungi. Biotechnol J 2021; 17:e2100288. [PMID: 34599625 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM A new prototype of Solid-State Fermentation Bioreactor, namely "Zymotis-2 ",was developed to produce fungal spores. MAIN METHODS AND MAJOR RESULTS A fermentation process for fungal spores, and hydrolase enzymes (endo and exoglucanases, amylases) production by Trichoderma asperellum DWG3, Aspergillus niger G131 and Beauveria bassiana was scaled-up from flasks and glass Raimbault column packed with 20 g of solid substrates (dry weight) to 5 kg of solid substrate by using the new Zymotis-2 bioreactor. Fungi strains growth using a mix of vine shoots, wheat bran, and olive pomace was tested under similar experimental conditions in Zymotis-2 bioreactor, column bioreactor and flasks in a parallel fermentation system. Overall, significant spore production on Zymotis-2 bioreactor was obtained, achieving 22.01 ± 0.01×109 spores/g DM 16.30 ± 0.07 × 109 spores/g DM, and 3.30 ± 0.07 × 109 spores/g DM for B. bassiana, T. asperellum DWG3, and A. niger G131, respectively. Forced aeration increased the endoglucanases, exoglucanases and amylases activities for T. asperellum DWG3 but B. bassiana and A. niger G131 were affected negatively by the aerated process, showing the lowest enzyme activities. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS In conclusion, a high yield of spores was obtained at 137 h of cultivation time, confirming the validity of the new Zymotis-2 bioreactor to produce virulent spores at low cost by T. asperellum, B. bassiana and A. niger G131.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayhane Hamrouni
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France.,Univ. Manouba, ISBST, BVBGR-LR11ES31, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, 2020 Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Nathalie Dupuy
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
| | - Alina Karachurina
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
| | - Gregoria Mitropoulou
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus, Alexandroupolis, GR 68100, Greece
| | - Yiannis Kourkoutas
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus, Alexandroupolis, GR 68100, Greece
| | - Josiane Molinet
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
| | - Ynoussa Maiga
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Biotechnologie Microbienne, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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Zhang C, Wang W, Xue M, Liu Z, Zhang Q, Hou J, Xing M, Wang R, Liu T. The Combination of a Biocontrol Agent Trichoderma asperellum SC012 and Hymexazol Reduces the Effective Fungicide Dose to Control Fusarium Wilt in Cowpea. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7090685. [PMID: 34575723 PMCID: PMC8471890 DOI: 10.3390/jof7090685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of synthetic fungicide needs to be gradually reduced because of its adverse effect on human health and the environment. An integrated approach combining fungicides with biological control agents (BCAs) can be used to reduce the fungicide doses, thereby minimizing the risks associated with chemical fungicides. In this study, the combined application of a BCA Trichoderma and a fungicide hymexazol was used to manage the cowpea wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum. The Trichoderma SC012 strain, which is resistant to hymexazol, was screened out and identified as T. asperellum. T. asperellum SC012 showed hyperparasitism to F. oxysporum and could penetrate and encircle the hyphae of pathogen on a medium amended or not with hymexazol. When combined with hymexazol, the population density in the rhizosphere soil of cowpea showed no significant difference compared with the treatment Trichoderma used alone. When the concentration of T. asperellum SC012 or hymexazol was halved, their combined application could control cowpea wilt disease more effectively than their individual use. The findings showed that the combination of Trichoderma and hymexazol could reduce the use of chemical fungicide, which is eco-friendly and may be an important part of integrated control of Fusarium wilt in cowpea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (C.Z.); (M.X.); (Z.L.); (Q.Z.); (J.H.); (M.X.); (R.W.)
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants of Hainan Province, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ming Xue
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (C.Z.); (M.X.); (Z.L.); (Q.Z.); (J.H.); (M.X.); (R.W.)
| | - Zhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (C.Z.); (M.X.); (Z.L.); (Q.Z.); (J.H.); (M.X.); (R.W.)
| | - Qinman Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (C.Z.); (M.X.); (Z.L.); (Q.Z.); (J.H.); (M.X.); (R.W.)
| | - Jumei Hou
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (C.Z.); (M.X.); (Z.L.); (Q.Z.); (J.H.); (M.X.); (R.W.)
- Engineering Center of Agricultural Microbial Preparation Research and Development of Hainan, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Mengyu Xing
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (C.Z.); (M.X.); (Z.L.); (Q.Z.); (J.H.); (M.X.); (R.W.)
- Engineering Center of Agricultural Microbial Preparation Research and Development of Hainan, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (C.Z.); (M.X.); (Z.L.); (Q.Z.); (J.H.); (M.X.); (R.W.)
- Engineering Center of Agricultural Microbial Preparation Research and Development of Hainan, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (C.Z.); (M.X.); (Z.L.); (Q.Z.); (J.H.); (M.X.); (R.W.)
- Engineering Center of Agricultural Microbial Preparation Research and Development of Hainan, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0898-66215028
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da Silveira AA, Andrade JSP, Guissoni ACP, da Costa AC, de Carvalho E Silva A, da Silva HG, Brito P, de Souza GRL, Fernandes KF. Larvicidal potential of cell wall degrading enzymes from Trichoderma asperellum against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). Biotechnol Prog 2021; 37:e3182. [PMID: 34115926 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is a mosquito vector of arboviruses such as dengue, chikungunya, zika and yellow fever that cause important public health diseases. The incidence and gravity of these diseases justifies the search for effective measures to reduce the presence of this vector in the environment. Bioinsecticides are an effective alternative method for insect control, with added ecological benefits such as biodegradability. The current study demonstrates that a chitinolytic enzyme complex produced by the fungus Trichoderma asperellum can disrupt cuticle formation in the L3 larvae phase of A. aegypti, suggesting such biolarvicidal action could be used for mosquito control. T. asperellum was exposed to chitin from different sources. This induction of cell wall degrading enzymes, including chitinase, N-acetylglucosaminidase and β-1,3-glucanase. Groups of 20 L3 larvae of A. aegypti were exposed to varying concentrations of chitinolytic enzymes induced with commercial chitin (CWDE) and larvae cell wall degrading enzymes (L-CWDE). After 72 h of exposure to the CWDE, 100% of larvae were killed. The same percent mortality was observed after 48 h of exposure to L-CWDE at half the CWDE enzyme mixture concentration. Exoskeleton deterioration was further observed by scanning and electron microscopy. Our findings indicate that L-CWDE produced by T. asperellum reflect chitinolytic enzymes with greater specificity for L3 larval biomolecules. This specificity is characterized by the high percentage of mortality compared with CWDE treatments and also by abrupt changes in patterns of the cellular structures visualized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. These mixtures of chitinolytic enzymes could be candidates, as adjuvant or synergistic molecules, to replace conventional chemical insecticides currently in use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexsander Augusto da Silveira
- Laboratório de Química de Polímeros (LQP) - ICB2, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.,Faculdade Estácio de Sá de Goiás - FESGO, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Jackeline Santana Paula Andrade
- Laboratório de Química de Polímeros (LQP) - ICB2, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.,Faculdade Estácio de Sá de Goiás - FESGO, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Pedro Brito
- IPTSP - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Kátia Flávia Fernandes
- Laboratório de Química de Polímeros (LQP) - ICB2, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
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Yang Y, Fang B, Feng S, Wang Z, Luo Z, Yao Z, Zou H, Huang L. Isolation and Identification of Trichoderma asperellum, the Novel Causal Agent of Green Mold Disease in Sweetpotato. Plant Dis 2021; 105:1711-1718. [PMID: 33373292 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-20-1484-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Postharvest disease is an important limiting factor for sweetpotato production. Recently, a new green mold disease was found in sweetpotato storage roots. To investigate the mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of the disease, the pathogen was isolated and identified based on morphological and molecular features, and its characteristics were further analyzed by pathogenic and antagonistic evaluations. The results showed that the isolated pathogen (CRI-Ta1) was identified as Trichoderma asperellum based on the similar growth and morphological features with Trichoderma spp., 99% homology of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence, and membership to the same phylogenetic group with the model strain of T. asperellum (CBS 433.97). The pathogenic analysis revealed that CRI-Ta1 could cause green mold disease through wound infection on the storage roots and the strains reisolated from infected storage roots could cause disease in different sweetpotato varieties, which was fulfilled in Koch's postulate. Moreover, CRI-Ta1 could also infect other common crop species, including chestnut, carrot, apple, pear, and others. It indicated that CRI-Ta1 was the pathogen to the storage roots of sweetpotato and had a wide host range. Additionally, in vitro antagonistic evaluation showed that CRI-Ta1 effectively inhibited the growth of common sweetpotato pathogens, including Fusarium solani and Rhizopus nigricans. However, further research is needed on the potential of CRI-Ta1 to control sweetpotato diseases in vivo. Collectively, our findings provided valuable insights into the characteristics of the T. asperellum CRI-Ta1 in sweetpotato and would be helpful to the prevention and control of sweetpotato green mold disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Boping Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shujie Feng
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhangying Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhongxia Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhufang Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hongda Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lifei Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Taufik M. Influence of KCl Fertilizer and Trichoderma on the Growth and Yield of Upland Rice. Pak J Biol Sci 2021; 24:461-467. [PMID: 34486305 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2021.461.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> The rate of population growth is not balanced with the rate of increase in national rice production. The attention of the government and researchers in Southeast Sulawesi on upland rice is still very low, even though the potential for increased upland rice production is quite promising. The research aimed to study the influence of KCl fertilizer and <i>Trichoderma </i>spp. on the growth and yield of upland rice. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The study was conducted in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of 6 treatments i.e.: without KCl fertilizer and <i>T. asperellum</i> (K<sub>0</sub>), KCl 0.15 g/polybag+<i>T. asperellum </i>50 g/polybag (K<sub>1</sub>), KCl 0.30 g/polybag+<i> T. asperellum </i>40 g/polybag (K<sub>2</sub>), KCl 0.45 g/polybag+<i>T. asperellum </i>30 g/polybag (K<sub>3</sub>), KCl 0.60 g/polybag+<i>T. asperellum </i>20 g/polybag (K<sub>4</sub>) and KCl 0.75 g/polybag+<i>T. asperellum </i>10 g/polybag (K<sub>5</sub>) with 4 replication for each treatment. The data obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and conducted further tests with the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 95% confidence level. <b>Results:</b> The results of the research revealed KCl fertilizer combination with <i>T. asperellum</i> in general, can increase the growth and yield of upland local aromatic red rice. Application of KCl fertilizers as 0.45 g/polybag equivalent to 90 kg ha<sup>1</sup> (K<sub>3</sub>) can provide optimal potassium nutrients for vegetative growth of upland rice. <b>Conclusion:</b> The treatment of KCl fertilizer as 0.45 g/polybag with <i>T. asperellum </i>30 g/polybag (K<sub>3</sub>) provides growth and yield of upland rice with an average production of4.95 t ha<sup>1</sup>.
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Batool R, Umer MJ, Wang Y, He K, Zhang T, Bai S, Zhi Y, Chen J, Wang Z. Synergistic Effect of Beauveria bassiana and Trichoderma asperellum to Induce Maize ( Zea mays L.) Defense against the Asian Corn Borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Lepidoptera, Crambidae) and Larval Immune Response. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8215. [PMID: 33153030 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ostrinia furnacalis, is the major pest of maize causing significant yield losses. So far, many approaches have been used to increase the virulence of entomopathogenic fungal isolates. The current study is an attempt to estimate synergistic effect of Beauveria bassiana and Trichoderma asperellum in order to explore larval immune response through RNA sequencing and differentially expression analysis. In vivo synergism was examined in seven proportions (B. bassiana: T. asperellum = 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 4:1, 3:1, 2:1) and in the in vitro case, two inoculation methods were applied: seed coating and soil drenching. Results revealed significant decrease in plant damage and high larval mortality in fungal treatments. Fungal isolates mediated the plant defense by increasing proline, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and protease activities. Seed coating method was proved to be the most effective in case of maize endophytic colonization. In total, 59 immune-related differentially expressed genes DEGs were identified including, cytochrome P450, heat shock protein, ABC transporter, cadherin, peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP), cuticlular protein, etc. Further, transcriptomic response was confirmed by qRT-PCR. Our results concluded that, coculture of B. bassiana and T. asperellum has the synergistic potential to suppress the immune response of O. furnacalis and can be used as sustainable approach to induce plant resistance through activation of defense-related enzymes.
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Stracquadanio C, Quiles JM, Meca G, Cacciola SO. Antifungal Activity of Bioactive Metabolites Produced by Trichoderma asperellum and Trichoderma atroviride in Liquid Medium. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6040263. [PMID: 33139651 PMCID: PMC7712451 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichoderma spp. are known as biocontrol agents of fungal plant pathogens and have been recognized as a potential source of bioactive metabolites. The production of antimicrobial substances from strains T. atroviride (TS) and T. asperellum (IMI 393899) was investigated. The bioactivity of 10- and 30-day culture filtrate extracted with ethyl acetate was assessed against a set of pathogenic fungi and oomycetes. The 30-day extracts of both strains had significant cytotoxic effects against the tested pathogens, with values of minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) ranging between 0.19 and 6.25 mg/mL. Dual culture assay (direct contact and nondirect contact) and the percentage inhibition of radial growth (PIRG) was calculated. The highest PIRG values were 76% and 81% (direct contact) with IMI 393899 and TS, respectively. Nondirect contact does not show inhibition on any of pathogens tested, indicating that the inhibition is not due to the secretion of volatile substances. Culture filtrates were analyzed by GC-MS and HPLC-Q-TOF-MS for the identification of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nonvolatile organic compounds (nVOCs), respectively. Seven classes of VOCs and 12 molecules of nVOCs were identified. These results indicate that these strains of Trichoderma had antimicrobial activities and they are potential natural sources of compounds with biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Stracquadanio
- Department of Agricultural Science, Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria, Localitá Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Juan Manuel Quiles
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain; (J.M.Q.); (G.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Meca
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain; (J.M.Q.); (G.M.)
| | - Santa Olga Cacciola
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-095-7147371
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Yu Z, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Liu Z. Biocontrol and growth-promoting effect of Trichoderma asperellum TaspHu1 isolate from Juglans mandshurica rhizosphere soil. Microbiol Res 2021; 242:126596. [PMID: 33007636 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
To better apply the biocontrol agent Trichoderma spp. in Northeast China, collecting and screening more suitable native Trichoderma strains is necessary. In the present study, 10 isolates were obtained from Juglans mandshurica rhizosphere soils in Heilongjiang Province, and were identified as T. asperellum (four isolates), T. harzianum (four), T. hamatum (one), T. atroviride (one). The fastest-growing isolate per species on potato dextrose agar medium were further evaluated in stress tolerance tests (salt, alkali, nutritional stress, and low temperature) and confrontation assays (eight pathogens), which showed that T. asperellum TaspHu1 possessed the best adaptation and biological control ability. Then, Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) seeds were sown and treated with a series of concentrations of TaspHu1 spore suspension, as was unsown soil. Tomato seedlings treated by TaspHu1 had a significantly greater height, stem diameter, soluble protein content and soluble sugar content. Furthermore, their nitrate reductase activity and catalase activity were significantly increased, and these promoting effects depended on the concentration of the spore suspension. Meanwhile, a decrease in chlorophyll content was observed in the tomato seedlings treated with TaspHu1. In addition, strain TaspHu1 enhanced the tomato seedlings' absorption of available nitrogen, but did not influence the soil available nitrogen content. Furthermore, the resistance of tomato seedlings against Alternaria alternata was enhanced by TaspHu1 (smaller, fewer leaf spots), the seedlings' hormone signal transduction genes JAR1, MYC2, NPR1, PR1, and GH3.2 were highly expressed. Thus, TaspHu1 is a promising biocontrol candidate for use in agriculture and forestry.
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Mohamad Sobri MF, Abd-Aziz S, Abu Bakar FD, Ramli N. In-Silico Characterization of Glycosyl Hydrolase Family 1 β-Glucosidase from Trichoderma asperellum UPM1. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114035. [PMID: 32512945 PMCID: PMC7311958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
β-glucosidases (Bgl) are widely utilized for releasing non-reducing terminal glucosyl residues. Nevertheless, feedback inhibition by glucose end product has limited its application. A noticeable exception has been found for β-glucosidases of the glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 1, which exhibit tolerance and even stimulation by glucose. In this study, using local isolate Trichoderma asperellum UPM1, the gene encoding β-glucosidase from GH family 1, hereafter designated as TaBgl2, was isolated and characterized via in-silico analyses. A comparison of enzyme activity was subsequently made by heterologous expression in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The presence of N-terminal signature, cis-peptide bonds, conserved active site motifs, non-proline cis peptide bonds, substrate binding, and a lone conserved stabilizing tryptophan (W) residue confirms the identity of Trichoderma sp. GH family 1 β-glucosidase isolated. Glucose tolerance was suggested by the presence of 14 of 22 known consensus residues, along with corresponding residues L167 and P172, crucial in the retention of the active site's narrow cavity. Retention of 40% of relative hydrolytic activity on ρ-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (ρNPG) in a concentration of 0.2 M glucose was comparable to that of GH family 1 β-glucosidase (Cel1A) from Trichoderma reesei. This research thus underlines the potential in the prediction of enzymatic function, and of industrial importance, glucose tolerance of family 1 β-glucosidases following relevant in-silico analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Farhan Mohamad Sobri
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.F.M.S.); (S.A.-A.)
- School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kompleks Pusat Pengajian Jejawi 3, Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Suraini Abd-Aziz
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.F.M.S.); (S.A.-A.)
| | - Farah Diba Abu Bakar
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600 UKM, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Norhayati Ramli
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.F.M.S.); (S.A.-A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-3-9769-1948
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Ben Ali W, Chaduli D, Navarro D, Lechat C, Turbé-Doan A, Bertrand E, Faulds CB, Sciara G, Lesage-Meessen L, Record E, Mechichi T. Screening of five marine-derived fungal strains for their potential to produce oxidases with laccase activities suitable for biotechnological applications. BMC Biotechnol 2020; 20:27. [PMID: 32398071 PMCID: PMC7218534 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-020-00617-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental pollution is one of the major problems that the world is facing today. Several approaches have been taken, from physical and chemical methods to biotechnological strategies (e.g. the use of oxidoreductases). Oxidative enzymes from microorganisms offer eco-friendly, cost-effective processes amenable to biotechnological applications, such as in industrial dye decolorization. The aim of this study was to screen marine-derived fungal strains isolated from three coastal areas in Tunisia to identify laccase-like activities, and to produce and characterize active cell-free supernatants of interest for dye decolorization. RESULTS Following the screening of 20 fungal strains isolated from the harbors of Sfax and Monastir (Tunisia), five strains were identified that displayed laccase-like activities. Molecular-based taxonomic approaches identified these strains as belonging to the species Trichoderma asperellum, Stemphylium lucomagnoense and Aspergillus nidulans. Among these five isolates, one T. asperellum strain (T. asperellum 1) gave the highest level of secreted oxidative activities, and so was chosen for further studies. Optimization of the growth medium for liquid cultures was first undertaken to improve the level of laccase-like activity in culture supernatants. Finally, the culture supernatant of T. asperellum 1 decolorized different synthetic dyes belonging to diverse dye families, in the presence or absence of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT) as a mediator. CONCLUSIONS The optimal growth conditions to produce laccase-like active cell-free supernatants from T. asperellum 1 were 1.8 mM CuSO4 as an inducer, 1% NaCl to mimic a seawater environment and 3% sucrose as a carbon source. The culture supernatant of T. asperellum 1 effectively decolorized different synthetic dyes belonging to diverse chemical classes, and the presence of HBT as a mediator improved the decolorization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wissal Ben Ali
- Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie enzymatique des lipases, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisie. .,Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, INRA UMR1163, Marseille, France.
| | - Delphine Chaduli
- Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, INRA UMR1163, Marseille, France.,INRA, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR1163, CIRM-CF, Marseille, France
| | - David Navarro
- Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, INRA UMR1163, Marseille, France.,INRA, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR1163, CIRM-CF, Marseille, France
| | - Christian Lechat
- Ascofrance, 64 route de Chizé, F-79360, Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Annick Turbé-Doan
- Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, INRA UMR1163, Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuel Bertrand
- Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, INRA UMR1163, Marseille, France
| | - Craig B Faulds
- Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, INRA UMR1163, Marseille, France
| | - Giuliano Sciara
- Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, INRA UMR1163, Marseille, France
| | - Laurence Lesage-Meessen
- Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, INRA UMR1163, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Record
- Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, INRA UMR1163, Marseille, France
| | - Tahar Mechichi
- Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie enzymatique des lipases, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisie
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Zhao L, Wang Y, Kong S. Effects of Trichoderma asperellum and its siderophores on endogenous auxin in Arabidopsis thaliana under iron-deficiency stress. Int Microbiol 2020; 23:501-9. [PMID: 32080772 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-020-00122-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) deficiency is one of the major limiting factors affecting crop yields. Trichoderma asperellum Q1, a biocontrol and plant growth promoting fungus, can produce the siderophore which has a high affinity to Fe3+ in the absence of iron. In this study, Trichoderma asperellum Q1 was found to be able to promote growth of Arabidopsis thaliana in an iron-deficient or insoluble iron-containing (Fe2O3) medium. It also can produce more siderophore and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) as the concentration of iron ions decreased. However, it is unclear that the relationship between siderophore and IAA in promoting plant growth. Both Trichoderma asperellum Q1 and siderophore promotes not only the DR5::GFP transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings, in which the root IAA is labeled by green fluorescent protein gene, but also increases the content of endogenous IAA in the roots, which was shown by the fluorescence study. The strongest fluorescence was observed in the treated group inoculated with Trichoderma asperellum Q1 under the condition of insoluble iron. In the case of iron-free medium, adding siderophore also increased the observed fluorescence intensity. These results suggest that the siderophores produced by Trichoderma asperellum Q1 increased the content of IAA in Arabidopsis roots by enhancing the conversion of poorly soluble iron or by the siderophore itself.
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Rauf M, Awais M, Ud-Din A, Ali K, Gul H, Rahman MM, Hamayun M, Arif M. Molecular Mechanisms of the 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid (ACC) Deaminase Producing Trichoderma asperellum MAP1 in Enhancing Wheat Tolerance to Waterlogging Stress. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:614971. [PMID: 33537050 PMCID: PMC7847992 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.614971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Waterlogging stress (WS) induces ethylene (ET) and polyamine (spermine, putrescine, and spermidine) production in plants, but their reprogramming is a decisive element for determining the fate of the plant upon waterlogging-induced stress. WS can be challenged by exploring symbiotic microbes that improve the plant's ability to grow better and resist WS. The present study deals with identification and application of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase-producing fungal endophyte Trichoderma asperellum (strain MAP1), isolated from the roots of Canna indica L., on wheat growth under WS. MAP1 positively affected wheat growth by secreting phytohormones/secondary metabolites, strengthening the plant's antioxidant system and influencing the physiology through polyamine production and modulating gene expression. MAP1 inoculation promoted yield in comparison to non-endophyte inoculated waterlogged seedlings. Exogenously applied ethephon (ET synthesis inducer) and 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid (ACC; ET precursor) showed a reduction in growth, compared to MAP1-inoculated waterlogged seedlings, while amino-oxyacetic acid (AOA; ET inhibitor) application reversed the negative effect imposed by ET and ACC, upon waterlogging treatment. A significant reduction in plant growth rate, chlorophyll content, and stomatal conductance was noticed, while H2O2, MDA production, and electrolyte leakage were increased in non-inoculated waterlogged seedlings. Moreover, in comparison to non-inoculated waterlogged wheat seedlings, MAP1-inoculated waterlogged wheat exhibited antioxidant-enzyme activities. In agreement with the physiological results, genes associated with the free polyamine (PA) biosynthesis were highly induced and PA content was abundant in MAP1-inoculated seedlings. Furthermore, ET biosynthesis/signaling gene expression was reduced upon MAP1 inoculation under WS. Briefly, MAP1 mitigated the adverse effect of WS in wheat, by reprogramming the PAs and ET biosynthesis, which leads to optimal stomatal conductance, increased photosynthesis, and membrane stability as well as reduced ET-induced leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoona Rauf
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Awais
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, South Korea
| | - Aziz Ud-Din
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Kazim Ali
- National Agricultural Research Center (NARC), National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Gul
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mizanur Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Hamayun
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Muhammad Arif,
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La Spada F, Stracquadanio C, Riolo M, Pane A, Cacciola SO. Trichoderma Counteracts the Challenge of Phytophthora nicotianae Infections on Tomato by Modulating Plant Defense Mechanisms and the Expression of Crinkler, Necrosis-Inducing Phytophthora Protein 1, and Cellulose-Binding Elicitor Lectin Pathogenic Effectors. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:583539. [PMID: 33250912 PMCID: PMC7672019 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.583539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Decoding the mechanisms of plant defense against plant pathogens in a scenario where antagonistic activity and the plant growth-promoting effects of useful organisms intervene simultaneously is a new frontier of plant pathology. Here, we demonstrated that (i) two selected strains of Trichoderma asperellum and Trichoderma atroviride promoted tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) growth and reduced the severity of disease caused by the oomycete Phytophthora nicotianae and (ii) the genetic patterns of the components of the experimental model system tomato-Trichoderma spp.-P. nicotianae were differentially expressed. The beneficial effects in both the promotion of the growth of host plant and the biological control of the pathogen by two selected strains of different Trichoderma species were tested both in planta and in vitro. In both respects, T. atroviride demonstrated to be more effective than T. asperellum. Additionally, the simultaneous transcriptional reprogramming of several plant defense-related genes, pathogen effectors, and mycoparasitism-related genes in tomato, P. nicotianae, and Trichoderma spp., respectively, was evaluated during the three-component interaction. Results support the hypothesis that Trichoderma spp. elicit the expression of plant defense-related genes. As expected, a mycoparasitism-related gene was significantly up-regulated in Trichoderma-colonizing tomato plants infected by P. nicotianae. Finally, a marked up-regulation of the genes encoding two necrosis-inducing effectors was observed in P. nicotianae infecting tomato plants colonized by Trichoderma. In conclusion, this study is a contribution toward understanding the genetic pathways related with the ability of Trichoderma spp. to counteract the challenge of P. nicotianae infections on tomato. Additionally, the experiments revealed the beneficial effects in the tomato growth promotion of a new T. atroviride strain and its good antagonistic effectiveness in the biological control of root and crown rot incited by P. nicotianae, confirming that Trichoderma spp. can be a powerful tool in integrated pest management strategies of Phytophthora diseases of horticultural crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico La Spada
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Claudia Stracquadanio
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Department of Agriculture, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Mario Riolo
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Department of Agriculture, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
- Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economy Analysis, Research Centre for Olive, Citrus and Tree Fruit-Rende CS (CREA-OFA), Rende, Italy
| | - Antonella Pane
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- *Correspondence: Antonella Pane,
| | - Santa Olga Cacciola
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Santa Olga Cacciola,
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Rayhane H, Josiane M, Gregoria M, Yiannis K, Nathalie D, Ahmed M, Sevastianos R. From flasks to single used bioreactor: Scale-up of solid state fermentation process for metabolites and conidia production by Trichoderma asperellum. J Environ Manage 2019; 252:109496. [PMID: 31605913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the increasing demand of biopesticides production to replace chemical pesticides which are excessively used has made solid state fermentation (SSF) technology the need of the hour. In spite of advantages, true potential of SSF process has not been fully realized at industrial scale. A fermentation process for 6-pentyl-a-pyrone (6 PP), conidia, and lytic enzymes (cellulases, lipase, amylase) production by Trichoderma asperellum TF1 was scaled-up from 250 mL flasks and glass Raimbault column packed with 20 g of solid substrates (dry weight) to 5 Kg of solid substrate by using a new plastic single used bioreactor. For column and single used bioreactor, the fermentation was done with the application of humid air during all the process however flasks are not hermetically closed that some oxygen could flow by diffusion. T. asperellum growth was investigated using a mixture of vine shoots, jatropha cake, olive pomace and olive oil as substrate in all systems in parallel at 25 °C during 7 days. Overall, the conditions applied on the single used bioreactor resulted in the optimum 6-PP production (7.36 ± 0.37 mg g DM-1), lipases (38.73 ± 0.21U/g DM), amylases (15.22 ± 0.13 U/g DM), and conidia production (8.55 ± 0.04 × 109 conidia/g DM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamrouni Rayhane
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France; Univ. Manouba, ISBST, BVBGR-LR11ES31, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, 2020, Ariana, Tunisia; Univ Tunis El Manar, FST, Campus Universitaire, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Molinet Josiane
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
| | - Mitropoulou Gregoria
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus, Alexandroupolis, GR, 68100, Greece
| | - Kourkoutas Yiannis
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus, Alexandroupolis, GR, 68100, Greece
| | - Dupuy Nathalie
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
| | - Masmoudi Ahmed
- Univ. Manouba, ISBST, BVBGR-LR11ES31, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, 2020, Ariana, Tunisia; Univ Tunis El Manar, FST, Campus Universitaire, Tunis, Tunisia
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Loc NH, Huy ND, Quang HT, Lan TT, Thu Ha TT. Characterisation and antifungal activity of extracellular chitinase from a biocontrol fungus, Trichoderma asperellum PQ34. Mycology 2019; 11:38-48. [PMID: 32128280 PMCID: PMC7033689 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2019.1703839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichoderma species were known as biological control agents against phytopathogenic fungi because they produce a variety of chitinases. Chitinases are hydrolytic enzymes that break down glycosidic bonds in chitin, a major component of the cell walls of fungi. The present study shows that extracellular chitinase activity reached a maximum value of approximately 22 U/mL after 96 h of T. asperellum PQ34 strain culture. The optimal temperature and pH of enzyme are 40°C and 7, respectively, whereas the thermal and pH stability range from 25°C to 50°C and 4 to 10, respectively. Chitinase at 60 U/mL inhibited nearly completely in vitro growth of Colletotrichum sp. (about 95%) and Sclerotium rolfsii (about 97%). In peanut plants, 20 U/mL of chitinase significantly reduced the incidence of S. rolfsii infection compared to controls. The fungal infection incidence of seeds before germination and 30 days after germination was only 2.22% and 2.38%, while the control was 13.33% and 17.95%. Besides, chitinase from T. asperellum PQ34 can also prevent anthracnose that is caused by Colletotrichum sp. on both mango and chilli fruits up to 72 h after enzyme pre-treatment at 40 U/mL. In mango and chilli fruits infected with anthracnose, 40 U/mL dose of chitinase inhibited the growth of fungi after 96 h of treatment, the diameter of lesion was only 0.88 cm for mango and 1.45 cm for chilli, while the control was 1.67 cm and 2.85 cm, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Hoang Loc
- Institute of Bioactive Compounds and Department of Biotechnology, University of Sciences, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Duc Huy
- Department of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Tan Quang
- Department of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Tran Thuy Lan
- Department of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Tran Thi Thu Ha
- Department of Plant Protection, University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
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Parrilli M, Sommaggio D, Tassini C, Di Marco S, Osti F, Ferrari R, Metruccio E, Masetti A, Burgio G. The role of Trichoderma spp. and silica gel in plant defence mechanisms and insect response in vineyard. Bull Entomol Res 2019; 109:771-780. [PMID: 31097045 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485319000075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Several elicitors, stimulating induced resistance mechanisms, have potential in preventing or mitigating pathogen infections. Some of these compounds, triggering the production of jasmonic acid (JA), a precursor of herbivore-induced plant volatiles, could also play a central role in indirect resistance to pest species, by improving beneficial arthropod performance, and necrotrophic pathogens. In the current work, Trichoderma gamsii/T. asperellum and silica gel treatments - alone and in combination - were studied to evaluate the plant defence mechanism on grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) by laboratory and field trials. JA production level was measured before and after Plasmopara viticola infection on potted vines. JA production induced by silica gel was higher than that caused by Trichoderma before infection. In Trichoderma-treated plants, JA production increased after P. viticola inoculation. In vineyard field trials, Mymaridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) showed higher captures in transparent sticky traps on silica gel-treated plants, in comparison with control. On the other hand, no significant attraction was detected for Ichneumonoidea and other Chalcidoidea in silica gel and T. gamsii/T. asperellum-treated plants. The potential effects of elicitors are discussed, in the frame of attract and reward strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Parrilli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, DISTAL, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin 42, 40127, BO, Italy
| | - D Sommaggio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, DISTAL, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin 42, 40127, BO, Italy
| | - C Tassini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, DISTAL, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin 42, 40127, BO, Italy
| | - S Di Marco
- C.N.R. (Centro Nazionale delle Ricerche) Area della Ricerca di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti, 101, 40129, BO, Italy
| | - F Osti
- C.N.R. (Centro Nazionale delle Ricerche) Area della Ricerca di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti, 101, 40129, BO, Italy
| | - R Ferrari
- C.A.A. (Centro Agricoltura Ambiente G. Nicoli), Via Argini Nord 3351, 40014, Località Castello dei Ronchi, Crevalcore, BO, Italy
| | - E Metruccio
- C.N.R. (Centro Nazionale delle Ricerche) Area della Ricerca di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti, 101, 40129, BO, Italy
| | - A Masetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, DISTAL, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin 42, 40127, BO, Italy
| | - G Burgio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, DISTAL, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin 42, 40127, BO, Italy
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Xian HQ, Liu L, Li YH, Yang YN, Yang S. Molecular tagging of biocontrol fungus Trichoderma asperellum and its colonization in soil. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 128:255-264. [PMID: 31541488 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To conduct molecular tagging of the biocontrol fungus Trichoderma asperellum strain T4 and elucidate its colonization patterns in soil. METHODS AND RESULTS We constructed an expression vector harbouring a hygromycin B-resistant gene (hph) and an efficient green fluorescent protein (egfp) gene. By applying Agrobacterium AGL-1-mediated genetic transformation technology, we conducted molecular tagging of T. asperellum and monitored the colonization dynamics of T. asperellum in soil. The results of tracking five independent transformants of T. asperellum indicated that its expansion rates ranged from 4·7 to 6·8 cm week-1 . After inoculation in soil, the quantities of T. asperellum could be maintained at over 10 × 104 CFU per gram soil in the first year. In the third year after inoculation, the quantities of T. asperellum in soil were still higher than 1 × 103 CFU per gram soil. In addition, molecularly tagged T. asperellum in soil in the second year (i.e. 12 months) after inoculation could still reach the biocontrol effect on cucumber Rhizoctonia rot by more than 74%. CONCLUSION Trichoderma asperellum strain T4 is capable of effectively colonizing in soil and surviving for more than 1 year. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study has provided the scientific basis for applying T. asperellum as the biocontrol fungus for prevention and control of plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-Q Xian
- School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Shandong Province, China.,Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, Shandong Province, China
| | - L Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Shandong Province, China
| | - Y-H Li
- School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Shandong Province, China
| | - Y-N Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Shandong Province, China
| | - S Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Shandong Province, China.,Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, Shandong Province, China.,Qingdao International Center on Microbes Utilizing Biogas, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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Ji S, Liu Z, Liu B, Wang Y. Comparative analysis of biocontrol agent Trichoderma asperellum ACCC30536 transcriptome during its interaction with Populus davidiana × P. alba var. pyramidalis. Microbiol Res 2019; 227:126294. [PMID: 31421718 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2019.126294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
After exposure to with Populus davidiana × P. alba var. pyramidalis, the expression of genes in Trichoderma asperellum were compared in four transcriptomes. The top 20 high expression genes included six heat shock proteins and three hydrophobins, indicating that Trichoderma can rapidly adapt to environment stresses and elicit a plant defense response. The genes, involved in the interaction between Trichoderma and plant, showed an increasing expression level, for example sugar transporters, EPL1s, endoxylanases, pectin lyases, and nitrilases. Interestingly, sugar transporters also showed high expression when T. asperellum was cultured on medium lacking a carbon substrate, which would contribute to T. asperellum's survival and domination in ecological niche competition. And the genes related to mycoparasitism were expressed abundantly following T. asperellum's interaction with PdPap, indicating the PdPap induction could enhance the mycoparasitic ability of T. asperellum. Twelve chitinases and five glucanases showed higher expression in transcriptome Cs, indicating that T. asperellum secretes both types of enzyme before interacting with pathogens, allowing T. asperellum to implement mycoparasitism and obtain more energy. Many novel transcripts were obtained in each transcriptome, which may play important roles in the biocontrol process of T. asperellum. Interestingly, T. asperellum undergo constitutive alternative splicing in the biocontrol process: Seven biocontrol genes were alternative spliced via intron retention. qRT-PCR analysis proved that intron retention is negatively associated with the expression of chitinase, oligopeptide transporters, and beta-lactamase. However, the percentage of MAPK intron retention was quite low, suggesting that intron retention has little effect on the function of MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shida Ji
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), 26 Hexing Road, 150040, Harbin, China
| | - Bin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), 26 Hexing Road, 150040, Harbin, China
| | - Yucheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), 26 Hexing Road, 150040, Harbin, China.
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Ezeilo UR, Lee CT, Huyop F, Zakaria II, Wahab RA. Raw oil palm frond leaves as cost-effective substrate for cellulase and xylanase productions by Trichoderma asperellum UC1 under solid-state fermentation. J Environ Manage 2019; 243:206-217. [PMID: 31096173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.04.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Production of cellulases and xylanase by a novel Trichoderma asperellum UC1 (GenBank accession no. MF774876) under solid state fermentation (SSF) of raw oil palm frond leaves (OPFL) was optimized. Under optimum fermentation parameters (30 °C, 60-80% moisture content, 2.5 × 106 spores/g inoculum size) maximum CMCase, FPase, β-glucosidase and xylanase activity were recorded at 136.16 IU/g, 26.03 U/g, 130.09 IU/g and 255.01 U/g, respectively. Cellulases and xylanase were produced between a broad pH range of pH 6.0-12.0. The enzyme complex that comprised of four endo-β-1,4-xylanases and endoglucanases, alongside exoglucanase and β-glucosidase showed thermophilic and acidophilic characteristics at 50-60 °C and pH 3.0-4.0, respectively. Glucose (16.87 mg/g) and fructose (18.09 mg/g) were among the dominant sugar products from the in situ hydrolysis of OPFL, aside from cellobiose (105.92 mg/g) and xylose (1.08 mg/g). Thermal and pH stability tests revealed that enzymes CMCase, FPase, β-glucosidase and xylanase retained 50% residual activities for up to 15.18, 4.06, 17.47 and 15.16 h of incubation at 60 °C, as well as 64.59, 25.14, 68.59 and 19.20 h at pH 4.0, respectively. Based on the findings, it appeared that the unique polymeric structure of raw OPFL favored cellulases and xylanase productions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uchenna R Ezeilo
- Faculty of Bioscience and Medical Engineering, Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry, Federal University Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, PMB, 1010, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; Enzyme Technology and Green Synthesis Group, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Chew Tin Lee
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Innovation Centre in Agritechnology for Advanced Bioprocessing, UTM Pagoh, Hub Pendidikan Tinggi Pagoh, 84600, Pagoh, Johor. Malaysia
| | - Fahrul Huyop
- Faculty of Bioscience and Medical Engineering, Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Enzyme Technology and Green Synthesis Group, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Iffah Izzati Zakaria
- Natural Products and Drug Discovery Center, Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals, National Institute of Biotechnology Malaysia, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Block 5-A, Halaman Bukit Gambir, 11700, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Roswanira Abdul Wahab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Enzyme Technology and Green Synthesis Group, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
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Liu H, Cheng M, Zhao S, Lin C, Song J, Yang Q. ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter Regulates N,N'-diacetylchitobiose Transportation and Chitinase Production in Trichoderma asperellum T4. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102412. [PMID: 31096671 PMCID: PMC6566805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are a superfamily of proteins that transport nutrient substances and secondary metabolites through cell membranes. They also act as an uptake system for N,N′-diacetylchitobiose (GlcNAc)2 in Streptomyces coelicolor. (GlcNAc)2 is an important inducer of chitinase. However, whether the ABC transporter in Trichoderma spp. is also responsible for (GlcNAc)2 uptake and chitinase induction has not yet been confirmed. In this study, we applied RNA interference and overexpression technologies to alter the expression level of the ABC-B transporter in order to detect changes in its transportation ability and the expression level of inducible endo-chitinase ECH42—an important biocontrol enzyme in Trichoderma asperellum. The results revealed that, after interference with the expression of the ABC-B transporter, T. asperellum T4 was only able to grow normally when glucose was the only carbon source. Compared with the wild-type, the efficiency of (GlcNAc)2 by the overexpression strain evidently increased, along with the activity level of ECH42. In conclusion, one of the functions of the ABC-B transporter in T.asperellum is the uptake and transport of (GlcNAc)2 into cells, and chitobiose is a strong inducer of ECH42 in T. asperellum T4.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology 150080, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China.
| | - Ming Cheng
- School of Life Science and Technology 150080, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China.
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology 150080, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China.
| | - Congyu Lin
- School of Life Science and Technology 150080, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China.
| | - Jinzhu Song
- School of Life Science and Technology 150080, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China.
| | - Qian Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology 150080, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China.
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Song YP, Miao FP, Liu XH, Yin XL, Ji NY. Cyclonerane Derivatives from the Algicolous Endophytic Fungus Trichoderma asperellum A-YMD-9-2. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17050252. [PMID: 31035351 PMCID: PMC6562392 DOI: 10.3390/md17050252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven previously unreported cyclonerane derivatives, namely, 3,7,11-trihydroxycycloneran-10-one, cycloneran-3,7,10,11-tetraol, cycloneran-3,7,11-triol, 11,12,15-trinorcycloneran-3,7,10-triol, 7,10S-epoxycycloneran-3,15-diol, 7,10R-epoxycycloneran-3,15-diol, and (10Z)-15-acetoxy-10-cycloneren-3,7-diol, were isolated in addition to the known (10Z)-cyclonerotriol, (10E)-cyclonerotriol, catenioblin C, and chokol E from the culture of Trichoderma asperellum A-YMD-9-2, an endophytic fungus obtained from the marine red alga Gracilaria verrucosa. The structures of previously unreported compounds were established by spectroscopic techniques, including 1D/2D NMR, MS, and IR. The isolation of these new cyclonerane derivatives greatly adds to the structural diversity of unusual cyclonerane sesquiterpenes, and several isolates exhibit potent inhibition against some marine phytoplankton species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Ping Song
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Feng-Ping Miao
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Xiang-Hong Liu
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Xiu-Li Yin
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Nai-Yun Ji
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Herrera-Téllez VI, Cruz-Olmedo AK, Plasencia J, Gavilanes-Ruíz M, Arce-Cervantes O, Hernández-León S, Saucedo-García M. The Protective Effect of Trichoderma asperellum on Tomato Plants against Fusarium oxysporum and Botrytis cinerea Diseases Involves Inhibition of Reactive Oxygen Species Production. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20082007. [PMID: 31022849 PMCID: PMC6514666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20082007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichoderma species are fungi widely employed as plant-growth-promoting agents and for biological control. Several commercial and laboratory-made solid formulations for mass production of Trichoderma have been reported. In this study, we evaluated a solid kaolin-based formulation to promote the absortion/retention of Trichoderma asperellum in the substrate for growing tomato plants. The unique implementation of this solid formulation resulted in an increased growth of the tomato plants, both in roots and shoots after 40 days of its application. Plants were challenged with two fungal pathogens, Fusarium oxysporum and Botrytis cinerea, and pretreatment with T. asperellum resulted in less severe wilting and stunting symptoms than non-treated plants. Treatment with T. asperellum formulation inhibited Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production in response to the pathogens in comparison to plants that were only challenged with both pathogens. These results suggest that decrease in ROS levels contribute to the protective effects exerted by T. asperellum in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica I Herrera-Téllez
- Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca-Tulancingo de Bravo Kilómetro 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico.
| | - Ana K Cruz-Olmedo
- Instituto Tecnológico de Acapulco, Carr. Cayaco Puerto Marqués s/n, Del PRI, Acapulco 39905, Guerrero, Mexico.
| | - Javier Plasencia
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
| | - Marina Gavilanes-Ruíz
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
| | - Oscar Arce-Cervantes
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Avenida Universidad Km. 1, Rancho Universitario, Tulancingo-Santiago Tulantepec, Tulancingo 43600, Hidalgo, Mexico.
| | - Sergio Hernández-León
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Avenida Universidad Km. 1, Rancho Universitario, Tulancingo-Santiago Tulantepec, Tulancingo 43600, Hidalgo, Mexico.
| | - Mariana Saucedo-García
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Avenida Universidad Km. 1, Rancho Universitario, Tulancingo-Santiago Tulantepec, Tulancingo 43600, Hidalgo, Mexico.
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Anam GB, Reddy MS, Ahn YH. Characterization of Trichoderma asperellum RM-28 for its sodic/saline-alkali tolerance and plant growth promoting activities to alleviate toxicity of red mud. Sci Total Environ 2019; 662:462-469. [PMID: 30695746 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Red mud (RM) is a highly alkaline, saline and sodic solid by-product released by alumina industries, which pose an economical and environmental problem and establishment of vegetation on these sites is a big challenge. In the present study, a fungus RM-28 exhibiting high tolerance to alkaline (pH 12), saline/sodic (NaCl 4%) was isolated from RM flooded rhizosphere soil of bermudagrass and tested its ability to reduce RM toxicity and promote the growth of sorghum-sudangrass seedlings. This fungus also exhibited high tolerance to heavy metal(loid)s (HMs) and desirable plant growth-promoting traits. This fungus was identified as Trichoderma asperellum based on its internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of rDNA and translation elongation factor-1α (TEF 1α) gene analysis. This fungus was effective in reducing the pH and solubilizing tricalcium phosphate under high alkaline and saline conditions in vitro. Further, RM-28 inoculation significantly lowered the pH and EC of the red mud from 11.8 to 8.2 and 2.23 to 1.42, respectively. Inoculation of RM-28 significantly improved the growth, chlorophyll content and reduced the oxidative stress of sorghum-sudangrass seedlings grown in red mud leachate. These observations suggest that T. asperellum RM-28 serves as potential source for the establishment of vegetation on red mud/red mud contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giridhar Babu Anam
- Department of Civil Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - M Sudhakara Reddy
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala 147004, Punjab, India
| | - Young-Ho Ahn
- Department of Civil Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
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Wu Q, Ni M, Dou K, Tang J, Ren J, Yu C, Chen J. Co-culture of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ACCC11060 and Trichoderma asperellum GDFS1009 enhanced pathogen-inhibition and amino acid yield. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:155. [PMID: 30285749 PMCID: PMC6171294 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-1004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bacillus spp. are a genus of biocontrol bacteria widely used for antibiosis, while Trichoderma spp. are biocontrol fungi that are abundantly explored. In this study, a liquid co-cultivation of these two organisms was tried firstly. Results and discussion Through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS), it was discovered that with an inoculation in the ratio of 1.9:1, the antimicrobial effect of the co-cultured fermentation liquor of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ACCC11060 and Trichoderma asperellum GDFS1009 was found to be significantly higher than that of pure-cultivation. A raise in the synthesis of antimicrobial substances contributed to this significant increase. Additionally, a co-culture with the inoculation of the two organisms in the ratio of 1:1 was found to enhance the production of specific amino acids. This technique could be further explored for either a large scale production of amino acids or could serve as a theoretical base for the generation of certain rare amino acids. Conclusions This work clearly demonstrated that co-cultivation of B. amyloliquefaciens ACCC11060 and T. asperellum GDFS1009 could produce more specific biocontrol substances and amino acids. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12934-018-1004-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Mi Ni
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, Anhui, China
| | - Kai Dou
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, Anhui, China
| | - Jianhong Ren
- Suzhou BioNovoGene Metabolomics Platform, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Chuanjin Yu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Wu Q, Ni M, Wang G, Liu Q, Yu M, Tang J. Omics for understanding the tolerant mechanism of Trichoderma asperellum TJ01 to organophosphorus pesticide dichlorvos. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:596. [PMID: 30089471 PMCID: PMC6083568 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4960-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUD Though it is toxic to humans, dichlorvos is a widely used chemical pesticide and plays an important role in the control of plant pests. The application of a combination of the biocontrol agent Trichoderma with dichlorvos may reduce the need for chemical pesticides. Therefore, revealing the specific molecular mechanism of Trichoderma tolerance to dichlorvos has become particularly important. RESULTS In this study, using transcriptome and metabolome analyses, changes in primary and secondary metabolisms in Trichoderma asperellum TJ01 were comprehensively studied in the presence of dichlorvos. A novel C2H2 zinc finger protein gene, zinc finger chimera 1 (zfc1), was discovered to be upregulated, along with a large number of oxidoreductase genes and ABC transporter genes under dichlorvos stress. In addition, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS), and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-QQQ-MS) data revealed the global primary and secondary metabolic changes that occur in T. asperellum TJ01 under dichlorvos stress. CONCLUSIONS The tolerance mechanism of T. asperellum TJ01 to dichlorvos was proposed. In addition, the absorption and residue of dichlorvos were analyzed, laying the foundation for elucidation of the mechanism by which T. asperellum TJ01 degrades pesticide residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, Anhui, China
| | - Mi Ni
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, Anhui, China
| | - Guisheng Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, Anhui, China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, Anhui, China
| | - Meixia Yu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, Anhui, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, Anhui, China.
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