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Chung SWC, Wong WWK. Chromatographic analysis of dithiocarbamate residues and their metabolites in foods employed in dietary exposure studies-a review. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2022; 39:1731-1743. [PMID: 35877692 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2022.2103186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Dithiocarbamates (DTCs) belong to a group of compounds used as fungicides in food production and can be divided into three major groups. Since DTCs easily oxidise and hydrolyse in alkaline and acidic medium respectively, precautions have to be implemented during preparation/homogenisation and extraction of samples. As such, test samples are commonly prepared individually by cutting into small pieces just before the digestion of DTCs with a hot acid to give carbon disulphide (CS2) and the results are expressed as CS2 without any differentiation of individual DTCs. However, individual DTCs have different toxicological potencies whilst their metabolites are more toxic than the parent compound. Apart from the hot digestion method, chromatographic separation of three major groups of DTCs has been developed by a number of different researchers. This review provides a comprehensive examination of sample preparation, extraction, clean-up and chromatographic methods for the determination of individual DTCs and their more toxic metabolites in foodstuffs. Moreover, this review also studies on how dietary exposure of DTCs can be efficiently and effectively estimated using different methods of analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W C Chung
- Risk Assessment Section, Centre for Food Safety, Food and Environmental Hygiene Department, Hong Kong, China
| | - Waiky W K Wong
- Risk Assessment Section, Centre for Food Safety, Food and Environmental Hygiene Department, Hong Kong, China
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2
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Caiel da Silva R, Wickert C, Pizzutti IR, de Kok A. Clean-up Strategy for Dithiocarbamate Fungicide Determination in Soybean by GC-ITD-MS and GC-PFPD: Method Development and Validation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:11485-11493. [PMID: 34547203 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Food matrices consist of many components with different physical and chemical properties that may influence instrumental robustness. The soybean contains fatty coextractives which may have a deleterious effect on the gas chromatography (GC) system. In this study, the efficiencies of PSA, C18OH, C18, silica, aluminum oxide, and Florisil, as dSPE clean-up sorbents, were evaluated by the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) diode-array detector and evaporative light-scattering detector analysis. The dithiocarbamates in soybean samples are determined as CS2 using acidic hydrolysis and isooctane partitioning, followed by GC-PFPD and GC-ITD-MS analyses. The linearity of the analytical curves, the instrument limit of detection matrix effects, the trueness and precision, and the method limit of quantification (LOQ) were assessed in the validation study. Milled soybean was spiked with thiram solution at three concentration levels (corresponding to 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 mg CS2 kg-1) for recovery determination. Silica appeared to be an effective and cheap sorbent to remove coextracted matrix components without causing any CS2 losses. Recoveries were in the range of 68-91%, with relative standard deviations ≤ 8.7%. The method LOQ was 0.05 mg CS2 kg-1, and both GC-ITD-MS and GC-PFPD systems appeared to be appropriate and complementary to determine dithiocarbamate residues in soybean extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosselei Caiel da Silva
- Chemistry Department, Center of Research and Analysis of Residues and Contaminants (CEPARC), UFSM - Federal University of Santa Maria, Campus Camobi 97105-900 Santa Maria-RS, Brazil
- National Reference Laboratory (NRL) for Pesticide Residues in Food and Feed, NVWA - Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, Wageningen 6708, The Netherlands
| | - Cristine Wickert
- Chemistry Department, Center of Research and Analysis of Residues and Contaminants (CEPARC), UFSM - Federal University of Santa Maria, Campus Camobi 97105-900 Santa Maria-RS, Brazil
- National Reference Laboratory (NRL) for Pesticide Residues in Food and Feed, NVWA - Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, Wageningen 6708, The Netherlands
| | - Ionara Regina Pizzutti
- Chemistry Department, Center of Research and Analysis of Residues and Contaminants (CEPARC), UFSM - Federal University of Santa Maria, Campus Camobi 97105-900 Santa Maria-RS, Brazil
| | - André de Kok
- National Reference Laboratory (NRL) for Pesticide Residues in Food and Feed, NVWA - Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, Wageningen 6708, The Netherlands
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3
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[Determination of thiram in wheat flour and flour improvers by high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection]. Se Pu 2021; 39:652-658. [PMID: 34227326 PMCID: PMC9404021 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2020.07024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
福美双是重要的二硫代氨基甲酸酯(DTC)杀菌剂,在小麦中使用限量以1 mg/kg二硫化碳(CS2)计。目前我国相关检测方法是针对二硫代氨基甲酸酯一类的化合物,二硫代氨基甲酸酯通过与酸反应生成CS2,采用光谱法或色谱法测定CS2,间接实现二硫代氨基甲酸酯测定。该方法无法特异性实现对福美双的检测,因此开展小麦粉中福美双检测方法的研究具有重要意义。研究建立了高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测(HPLC-DAD)测定小麦粉及面粉改良剂中福美双的分析方法。小麦粉及面粉改良剂样品用乙腈溶剂提取后,经涡旋、振荡、冰水浴超声和静置后取上清液过滤,供高效液相色谱测定。采用ZORBAX plus-C18色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm)分离,以水-乙腈为流动相洗脱分析,在波长280 nm下检测。实验优化了提取溶剂及其体积、振荡超声条件、色谱柱、检测波长、流动相等条件。该方法采用保留时间和紫外光谱图定性,外标法定量。该方法在线性范围内(0.30~30.0 μg/mL)线性关系良好,相关系数(r2)为0.99999。对小麦粉及面粉改良剂进行1.5、3.0、15 mg/kg 3个水平的加标回收试验,福美双的回收率为89.6%~98.3%,相对标准偏差为1.6%~3.9%(n=6)。方法的检出限和定量限分别为0.5 mg/kg和1.5 mg/kg。该方法采用溶剂提取,操作简单,分析时间短,特异性好,具有精密度高、重复性好、检出限低等特点,适用于小麦粉及面粉改良剂中福美双快速、准确的定量检测。
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Chen Y, Ke Z, Xu Z, Huang W, Sun Y, Lei H, Wei X. Stabilization of maneb group by ethylenediamine and direct-determination by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2020; 345:128774. [PMID: 33338835 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A rapid, low-cost, and selective method for simultaneous and direct determination of maneb group residues (containing ethylenebis and propylenebis dithiocarbamates) in fruit by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry was developed and validated in the current study. The results showed the maneb group could be melt and stabilized by 5 v% ethylenediamine for 60 days keeping in conventional refrigerators, in which a stable and ionizable pentadentate ligand complex was considered to be formed by the bidentate diamine and sulfhydryl followed by Density Functional Theory calculation. The validated method showed a sensitive quantification limits (0.03 mg/kg), a steady recovery (82.1%-91.0%) and an excellent precision (2.7%-4.3% RSD). This method is applied to analyze fruit samples and achieved satisfactory results. Therefore, this method can be proposed as a robust analytical method of maneb group in fruit, and can be adapted to detect other compounds with sulfhydryl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjia Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/ Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Zhuofeng Ke
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, PCFM Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Zhenlin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/ Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Weilong Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/ Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Yuanming Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/ Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Hongtao Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/ Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Xiaoqun Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/ Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Simonetti G, Castellani F, Di Filippo P, Riccardi C, Pomata D, Risoluti R, Buiarelli F, Sonego E. Determination of Mancozeb, a Pesticide Used Worldwide in Agriculture: Comparison among GC, LC, and CE. CURR ANAL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1389203721666200426234827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The determination of mancozeb, a fungicide extensively used in agriculture,
is a challenge, due to the nature of the compound, a manganese and zinc complex of ethylenebis dithiocarbamate
and because of the general instability of the dithiocarbamates.
Methods:
Mancozeb was analyzed in a GC-EI-MS system after derivatization by CE-UV with detection
at 280 nm and in LC-ESI-MS-MS in MRM mode.
Results:
A comparative study of the performance of three different techniques for the detection of
mancozeb was explored, highlighting the advantages and drawbacks of them. The limits of detection
and quantification of the techniques were determined; the repeatability was assessed, showing values
of relative standard deviation. Gas chromatography, although very sensitive, was not reproducible
enough due to fast degradation of the derivatization product, whereas capillary electrophoresis-UV
showed problems in run-to-run reproducibility which had the worst limit of detection. LC coupled
with tandem mass spectrometry was the most reliable and precise technique and was able to determine
the main degradation product of Mancozeb, at the same time. The proposed LC procedure was
verified by applying it to a commercial formulation, a fungicide of known concentration, and to Italian
white grapes treated with the formulation sprayed during cultivation.
Conclusion:
Thanks to the simplified sample handling, the proposed method resulted to be simple,
fast, green, economic, and suitable for residue analysis in grapes and other fruits. Finally, the method
was compared with other similar investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Simonetti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, P.le Aldo Moro, 5-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Castellani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, P.le Aldo Moro, 5-00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Roberta Risoluti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, P.le Aldo Moro, 5-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Buiarelli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, P.le Aldo Moro, 5-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Sonego
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, P.le Aldo Moro, 5-00185 Rome, Italy
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Nantaphol S, Moonla C, Promvichai S, Tangkuaram T, Chailapakul O, Siangproh W. A new alternative assay for sensitive analysis of ethylenethiourea and propylenethiourea in fruit samples after their separation. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:3705-3712. [PMID: 32729855 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01001d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with a cobalt phthalocyanine screen-printed carbon electrode (CoPc-SPCE) was developed and validated for quantitative analysis of ethylenethiourea (ETU) and propylenethiourea (PTU). CoPC-SPCE provided high catalytic properties for ETU and PTU oxidation. This fabricated electrode is inexpensive, disposable, and easy to prepare by an in-house screen-printing technique. The chromatographic separation was performed in isocratic mode on a reversed phase C18 (100 mm × 4.6 mm, 3 μm) column, using a 90 : 10 (v/v) ratio of 0.05 M phosphate buffer solution (pH 4) and methanol as the mobile phase with a flow rate of 1.0 mL min-1 at an oxidation potential of +0.7 V vs. Ag/AgCl. The separation could be achieved within 3 min, and a wide linear range of 0.01-100 μg mL-1 (r2 > 0.99) was obtained for both analytes. The limits of detection (3 S/N) were found to be 0.006 and 0.009 μg mL-1 for ETU and PTU, respectively. Furthermore, this proposed method was utilized to determine ETU and PTU in fruit samples with satisfactory results, yielding excellent intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations and recoveries. These results demonstrated that the proposed assay can be used as a new alternative way for inexpensive, rapid, selective and sensitive determination of ETU and PTU in fruit samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriwan Nantaphol
- Electrochemical and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence (EOSCE), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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7
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Li J, Dong C, Yang Q, An W, Zheng Z, Jiao B. Simultaneous Determination of Ethylenebisdithiocarbamate (EBDC) and Propylenebisdithiocarbamate (PBDC) Fungicides in Vegetables, Fruits, and Mushrooms by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-019-01538-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Vareli CS, Pizzutti IR, Gebler L, Cardoso CD, Gai DS, Fontana ME. Analytical method validation to evaluate dithiocarbamates degradation in biobeds in South of Brazil. Talanta 2018; 184:202-209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Al-Alam J, Bom L, Chbani A, Fajloun Z, Millet M. Analysis of Dithiocarbamate Fungicides in Vegetable Matrices Using HPLC-UV Followed by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. J Chromatogr Sci 2018; 55:429-435. [PMID: 27999077 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmw198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A simple method combining ion-pair methylation, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with detection at 272 nm and atomic absorption spectrometry was developed in order to determine 10 dithiocarbamate fungicides (Dazomet, Metam-sodium, Ferbam, Ziram, Zineb, Maneb, Mancozeb, Metiram, Nabam and Propineb) and distinguish ethylenbisdithiocarbamates (EBDTCs) Zineb, Maneb and Mancozeb in diverse matrices. This method associates reverse phase analysis by HPLC analysis with detection at 272 nm, with atomic absorption spectrometry in order to distinguish, with the same extraction protocol, Maneb, Mancozeb and Zineb. The limits of detection (0.4, 0.8, 0.5, 1.25 and 1.97) and quantification (1.18, 2.5, 1.52, 4.2 and 6.52) calculated in injected nanogram, respectively, for Dazomet, Metam-Na, dimethyldithiocarbamates (DMDTCs), EBDTCs and propylenebisdithiocarbamates (PBDTCs) justify the sensitivity of the method used. The coefficients of determination R2 were 0.9985, 0.9978, 0.9949, 0.988 and 0.9794, respectively, for Dazomet, Metam-Na, DMDTCs, EBDTCs and PBDTCs, and the recovery from fortified apple and leek samples was above 90%. Results obtained with the atomic absorption method in comparison with spectrophotometric analysis focus on the importance of the atomic absorption as a complementary specific method for the distinction between different EBDTCs fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Al-Alam
- Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and its Applications, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Laura Bom
- Chemistry, University of Strasbourg/CNRS, Rue Blaise Pascal, Strasbourg Cedex 67000, France
| | - Asma Chbani
- Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and its Applications, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Ziad Fajloun
- Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and its Applications, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Maurice Millet
- Chemistry, University of Strasbourg/CNRS UMR 7515 ICPEES, 1 Rue Blessig, Strasbourg Cedex 67084, France
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Song S, Wei J, Chen Z, Lei Y, Zhang Y, Deng C, Tan H, Li X. Determination of propineb and its metabolites propylenethiourea and propylenediamine in banana and soil using gas chromatography with flame photometric detection and LC-MS/MS analysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2018; 53:153-160. [PMID: 29227190 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2017.1399765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive and specific method for the determination of propineb and its metabolites, propylenethiourea (PTU) and propylenediamine (PDA), using gas chromatography with flame photometric detection (GC-FPD) and LC-MS/MS was developed and validated. Propineb and its metabolite residue dynamics in supervised field trials under Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) conditions in banana and soil were studied. Recovery of propineb (as CS2), PDA and PTU ranged from 75.3 to 115.4% with RSD (n = 5) of 1.3-11.1%. The limit of quantification (LOQ) of CS2, PDA and PTU ranged from 0.005 to 0.01 mg kg-1, and the limit of detection (LOD) ranged from 0.0015 to 0.0033 mg kg-1. Dissipation experiments showed that the half-life of propineb in banana and soil ranged from 4.4 to 13.3 days. PTU was found in banana with a half-life of 31.5-69.3 days, while levels of PDA were less than 0.01 mg kg-1 in banana and soil. It has been suggested that PTU is the major metabolite of propineb in banana. The method was demonstrated to be reliable and sensitive for the routine monitoring of propineb and its metabolites in banana and soil. It also serves as a reference for the detection and monitoring of dithiocarbamates (DTCs) residues and the evaluation of their metabolic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiming Song
- a Institute of Pesticide & Environmental Toxicology, Guangxi Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product , Guangxi University , Nanning , China
| | - Jie Wei
- a Institute of Pesticide & Environmental Toxicology, Guangxi Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product , Guangxi University , Nanning , China
| | - Zhaojie Chen
- a Institute of Pesticide & Environmental Toxicology, Guangxi Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product , Guangxi University , Nanning , China
| | - Yuhao Lei
- a Institute of Pesticide & Environmental Toxicology, Guangxi Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product , Guangxi University , Nanning , China
| | - Yan Zhang
- a Institute of Pesticide & Environmental Toxicology, Guangxi Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product , Guangxi University , Nanning , China
| | - Cheng Deng
- a Institute of Pesticide & Environmental Toxicology, Guangxi Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product , Guangxi University , Nanning , China
| | - Huihua Tan
- a Institute of Pesticide & Environmental Toxicology, Guangxi Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product , Guangxi University , Nanning , China
| | - Xuesheng Li
- a Institute of Pesticide & Environmental Toxicology, Guangxi Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product , Guangxi University , Nanning , China
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Oellig C, Schwack W. Comparison of HILIC columns for residue analysis of dithiocarbamate fungicides. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2017.1315724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Oellig
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schwack
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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12
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LIU S, WU Y, FANG C, CUI Y, JIANG N, WANG H. Simultaneous Determination of 19 Plant Growth Regulator Residues in Plant-originated Foods by QuEChERS and Stable Isotope Dilution–Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. ANAL SCI 2017; 33:1047-1052. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.33.1047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sijie LIU
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control
| | - Yongning WU
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment
| | - Chiguang FANG
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control
| | - Yong CUI
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control
| | - Nan JIANG
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control
| | - Hui WANG
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control
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13
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Giannoulis KM, Giokas DL, Tsogas GZ, Vlessidis AG. Ligand-free gold nanoparticles as colorimetric probes for the non-destructive determination of total dithiocarbamate pesticides after solid phase extraction. Talanta 2014; 119:276-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Ringli D, Schwack W. Selective determination of thiram residues in fruit and vegetables by hydrophilic interaction LC-MS. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2013; 30:1909-17. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2013.833669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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López-Fernández O, Rial-Otero R, González-Barreiro C, Simal-Gándara J. Surveillance of fungicidal dithiocarbamate residues in fruits and vegetables. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.02.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Jafari A, Shoeibi S, Amini M, Amirahmadi M, Rastegar H, Ghaffarian A, Ghazi-Khansari M. Monitoring dithiocarbamate fungicide residues in greenhouse and non-greenhouse tomatoes in Iran by HPLC-UV. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS PART B-SURVEILLANCE 2012; 5:87-92. [DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2012.657693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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17
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Cajka T, Riddellova K, Zomer P, Mol H, Hajslova J. Direct analysis of dithiocarbamate fungicides in fruit by ambient mass spectrometry. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2011; 28:1372-82. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2011.590456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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van Nuijs AL, Tarcomnicu I, Covaci A. Application of hydrophilic interaction chromatography for the analysis of polar contaminants in food and environmental samples. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:5964-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.01.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2010] [Revised: 01/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Nakamura M, Noda S, Kosugi M, Ishiduka N, Mizukoshi K, Taniguchi M, Nemoto S. Determination of dithiocarbamates and milneb residues in foods by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi) 2011; 51:213-9. [PMID: 21071904 DOI: 10.3358/shokueishi.51.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A highly sensitive gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) method was developed for dithiocarbamates (DTCs) and milneb in foods. DTCs and milneb were extracted from foods with cysteine-EDTA solution as sodium salts, and methylated with methyl iodide. Methyl derivatives of DTCs and milneb were cleaned up on a neutral alumina mini column and determined by GC-MS. The mean recoveries of DTCs and milneb were in the range of 72-120%, except for methiram. The quantification limits were 0.01 mg/kg (as CS(2)) in foods except tea (0.1 mg/kg as CS(2)). The developed method was applied to 10 compounds (4 dimethyldithiocarbamates, 3 ethylenebisdithiocarbamates, polycarbamates, propineb and milneb).
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Affiliation(s)
- Munetomo Nakamura
- Japan Food Research Laboratories, 6-11-10 Nagayama, Tama-shi, Tokyo, Japan.
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Rychlik M, Asam S. Stabilisotopenverdünnungsanalysen zur Quantifizierung organischer Spurenkomponenten in der Lebensmittelanalytik. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12302-009-0082-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Simple and rapid method for the determination of ethylenebisdithiocarbamate fungicides in fruits and vegetables using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 392:969-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2346-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2008] [Revised: 08/07/2008] [Accepted: 08/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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22
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Crnogorac G, Schmauder S, Schwack W. Trace analysis of dithiocarbamate fungicide residues on fruits and vegetables by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2008; 22:2539-2546. [PMID: 18649322 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The simultaneous determination of dithiocarbamate (DTC) fungicide residues on fruits and vegetables was performed by liquid chromatography (LC) on a ZIC-pHILIC column coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). For each DTC subclass, i.e. dimethyldithiocarbamates (DMDs), ethylenebis(dithiocarbamates) (EBDs), and propylenebis(dithiocarbamates) (PBDs), the limits of detection and quantification were approximately 0.001 and 0.005 mg kg(-1), respectively. Recoveries from tomatoes, spiked in the range of 0.05-1 mg kg(-1), averaged between 97 and 101%. Several fruits and vegetables from a local market and different countries of origin (apples, pears, grapes, cherry tomatoes, cocktail tomatoes, cucumbers, tomatoes, tamarillos, papaya, and broccoli) were analyzed by LC/MS/MS, LC/MS, and by the routine CS(2) method. In general, the results obtained by both LC/MS and LC/MS/MS were in good agreement with those obtained by the CS(2) method except for the false positive CS(2) results for broccoli and papaya. The results demonstrate that both LC/MS and LC/MS/MS can be used for routine analyses of DTC residues, whereas LC/MS/MS is more sensitive and selective than LC/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goranka Crnogorac
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 28, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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