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Zheng X, Zhan Y, Peng M, Xu W, Deng G. Metabolite Profiling Analysis of the Tongmai Sini Decoction in Rats after Oral Administration through UHPLC-Q-Exactive-MS/MS. Metabolites 2024; 14:333. [PMID: 38921468 PMCID: PMC11205536 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14060333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Tongmai Sini decoction (TSD), the classical prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine, consisting of three commonly used herbal medicines, has been widely applied for the treatment of myocardial infarction and heart failure. However, the absorbed components and their metabolism in vivo of TSD still remain unknown. In this study, a reliable and effective method using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Exactive-MS/MS) was employed to identify prototype components and metabolites in vivo (rat plasma and urine). Combined with mass defect filtering (MDF), dynamic background subtraction (DBS), and neutral loss filtering (NLF) data-mining tools, a total of thirty-two major compounds were selected and investigated for their metabolism in vivo. As a result, a total of 82 prototype compounds were identified or tentatively characterized in vivo, including 41 alkaloids, 35 phenolic compounds, 6 saponins. Meanwhile, A total of 65 metabolites (40 alkaloids and 25 phenolic compounds) were tentatively identified. The metabolic reactions were mainly hydrogenation, demethylation, hydroxylation, hydration, methylation, deoxylation, and sulfation. These findings will be beneficial for an in-depth understanding of the pharmacological mechanism and pharmacodynamic substance basis of TSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhui Zheng
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.P.); (W.X.)
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yingying Zhan
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.P.); (W.X.)
| | - Mengling Peng
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.P.); (W.X.)
| | - Wen Xu
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.P.); (W.X.)
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Guanghai Deng
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.P.); (W.X.)
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
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2
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Li R, Zhu L, Wu M, Tao C, Lu Y, Zhao Y, Jiang X, Zhang C, Wan L. Serum Pharmacochemistry Combined with Network Pharmacology-Based Mechanism Prediction and Pharmacological Validation of Zhenwu Decoction on Alleviating Isoprenaline-Induced Heart Failure Injury in Rats. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:37233-37247. [PMID: 37841161 PMCID: PMC10568591 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Zhenwu decoction (ZWD) is a famous classical formula in the treatment of heart failure (HF) with significant clinical effects. Owing to the complex material basis of ZWD, it is challenging to elucidate the pharmacodynamic substances and pharmacological mechanisms of ZWD against HF. Therefore, an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography system coupled with a high-resolution orbitrap mass spectrometry method was used to profile the chemical components and the absorbed prototype constituents in ISO-induced HF rat serum after oral administration of ZWD, and 33 out of 115 compounds were identified. In the in vivo study, ZWD could improve cardiac function and reduce the content of serum biochemical indexes, which are heart failure markers. With the help of network pharmacology and molecular docking simulation analysis, 112 ZWD targets oriented by HF were obtained, with STAT3, TNF, AKT1, VEGFA, and ALB as the core targets. Furthermore, we found that paeoniflorin and its derivatives may play a bigger role than other serum migrant components. Enriched pathway analysis yielded multiple HF-related signaling pathways, which indicated that ZWD may attenuate HF through the effect of PI3K-Akt, and MAPK pathways by regulating key targets such as STAT3, TNF, and AKT1. Finally, STAT3/MAPK pathways were experimentally validated in the anti-HF effect of ZWD. The phosphorylation levels of p38, JNK, ERK, and STAT3 were significantly increased in the ISO group and reversed by ZWD intervention. The results provided a reasonable strategy for the rapid screening of bioactive components in ZWD and a reference for quality control and further mechanism study of ZWD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyu Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School
of pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P. R. China
- Sichuan
Engineering Technology Research Centre for Injection of Traditional
Chinese Medicines, China Resources Sanjiu
(Yaan) Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yaan, Sichuan 625000, P. R. China
| | - Lv Zhu
- State
Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School
of pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P. R. China
| | - Mengyao Wu
- State
Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School
of pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P. R. China
| | - Chengtian Tao
- State
Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School
of pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P. R. China
| | - Yang Lu
- State
Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School
of pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P. R. China
| | - Yunyan Zhao
- State
Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School
of pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Jiang
- Sichuan
Engineering Technology Research Centre for Injection of Traditional
Chinese Medicines, China Resources Sanjiu
(Yaan) Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yaan, Sichuan 625000, P. R. China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Sichuan
Engineering Technology Research Centre for Injection of Traditional
Chinese Medicines, China Resources Sanjiu
(Yaan) Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yaan, Sichuan 625000, P. R. China
| | - Li Wan
- State
Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School
of pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P. R. China
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3
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Yu Y, Yao C, Wei W, Li H, Huang Y, Yao S, Qu H, Chen Q, Mei Q, Wu W, Guo DA. Integration of offline two-dimensional chromatography and mass defect filtering-based precursor ion list data acquisition for targeted characterization of diterpenoid alkaloids in the lateral roots of Aconitum carmichaelii. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1684:463554. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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4
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Liu J, Zhao M, Zhang S, Liu J, Zhao C, Wang M. Rapid characterization of the chemical constituents of Wangbi Capsule by UPLC coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Alkaloids from Aconitum carmichaelii Alleviates DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice via MAPK/NF- κB/STAT3 Signaling Inhibition. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6257778. [PMID: 35685720 PMCID: PMC9173982 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6257778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Fuzi (Aconitum carmichaelii Debx) has been traditionally used for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) in China for thousands of years. The total alkaloids of A. carmichaelii (AAC) have been considered as the main medicinal components of fuzi, whereas its underlying anti-UC mechanisms remain elusive. In the present study, the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC mice model, which was consistent with the symptoms and pathological features of human UC, was established to comprehensively evaluate the anti-UC effects of AAC. The results indicated that AAC effectively improved the weight loss, disease activity index (DAI), spleen hyperplasia, and colon shortening, and thus alleviated the symptoms of UC mice. Meanwhile, AAC not only inhibited the MPO enzyme and the abnormal secretion of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, and IL-17A) and suppressed the overexpression of inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) of mRNA but also reduced the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, ERK, and JNK, and the protein expressions of NF-κB, IκB-α, STAT3, and JAK2 in the colon tissue. Furthermore, the LC-MS/MS quantitative determination suggested that the three low toxic monoester alkaloids were higher in both contents and proportion than that of the three high toxic diester alkaloids. Additionally, molecular docking was hired to investigate the interactions between alkaloid-receptor complexes, and it suggested the three monoester alkaloids exhibited higher binding affinities with the key target proteins of MAPK, NF-κB, and STAT3. Our finding showcased the noteworthy anti-UC effects of AAC based on the MAPK/NF-κB/STAT3 signaling pathway, which would provide practical and edge-cutting background information for the development and utilization of A. carmichaelii as a potential natural anti-UC remedy.
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Liu Y, Yang X, Zhou C, Wang Z, Kuang T, Sun J, Xu B, Meng X, Zhang Y, Tang C. Unveiling Dynamic Changes of Chemical Constituents in Raw and Processed Fuzi With Different Steaming Time Points Using Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging Combined With Metabolomics. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:842890. [PMID: 35359875 PMCID: PMC8960191 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.842890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fuzi is a famous toxic traditional herbal medicine, which has long been used for the treatment of various diseases in China and many other Asian countries because of its extraordinary pharmacological activities and high toxicity. Different processing methods to attenuate the toxicity of Fuzi are important for its safe clinical use. In this study, desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI) with a metabolomics-combined multivariate statistical analysis approach was applied to investigate a series of Aconitum alkaloids and explore potential metabolic markers to understand the differences between raw and processed Fuzi with different steaming time points. Moreover, the selected metabolic markers were visualized by DESI-MSI, and six index alkaloids’ contents were determined through HPLC. The results indicated visible differences among raw and processed Fuzi with different steaming times, and 4.0 h is the proper time for toxicity attenuation and efficacy reservation. A total of 42 metabolic markers were identified to discriminate raw Fuzi and those steamed for 4.0 and 8.0 h, which were clearly visualized in DESI-MSI. The transformation from diester-diterpenoid alkaloids to monoester-diterpenoid alkaloids and then to non-esterified diterpene alkaloids through hydrolysis is the major toxicity attenuation process during steaming. DESI-MSI combined with metabolomics provides an efficient method to visualize the changeable rules and screen the metabolic markers of Aconitum alkaloids during steaming. The wide application of this technique could help identify markers and reveal the possible chemical transition mechanism in the “Paozhi” processes of Fuzi. It also provides an efficient and easy way to quality control and ensures the safety of Fuzi and other toxic traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuexin Yang
- Waters Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Waters Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Zhang Wang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingting Kuang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayi Sun
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Binjie Xu
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianli Meng
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ce Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Ce Tang,
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7
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Tong HL, Chen H, Gong FP, Zhong LY, Zhu J, Yang SH. Components and Pharmacodynamical Mechanism of Yinfupian Based on Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Analyses. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:680640. [PMID: 34262452 PMCID: PMC8273442 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.680640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: According to the treatment records of Yang deficiency syndrome (YDS) with characteristic decoction pieces of lateral root of Aconitum carmichaelii—Yinfupian (YF) in traditional Chinese medicine prepare school, known as “Jianchangbang”. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in the composition and therapeutic mechanism of the unprocessed lateral root of Aconitum carmichaelii (ULRA) and its processed product (YF). Methods: Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis method were used to determine and screen the main components of ULRA and YF. Changes in the histological structure and morphology of gonads in rats were observed using hematoxylin-eosin. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the contents of serum cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate in YDS rats treated with ULRA and YF. Tandem mass tag proteomics analysis was used to identify the differentially expressed proteins in YDS rats treated with ULRA and YF. Results: Both ULRA and YF exerted certain therapeutic effects on rats with YDS. They improved the gonadal morphology and increased the contents of serum cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate. After processing of ULRA into YF, the content of C19-diester-diterpenoid alkaloids decreased (converted into C19-monoester-diterpenoid alkaloids and C19-alkylol amine-diterpenoid alkaloids), whereas that of C20-diterpene alkaloids increased. Proteomics analysis showed that cytochrome P450 and aldehyde oxidase 3 (AOX3) were downregulated, whereas cathepsin G (CTSG) was upregulated in rats with YDS. Treatment with ULRA mainly downregulated the expression of α-actinin, fast skeletal troponin, creatine kinase, and myosin. Treatment with YF mainly upregulated the expression of mitochondrial ribosomal protein and mitochondrial inner membrane protein. Conclusion: ULRA and YF exerted good therapeutic effects on YDS; the main difference in components between these preparations was in C19-diterpenoid alkaloids. ULRA mainly acts on the muscle contraction-related proteins and is closely related to inflammation and myocardial injury. YF mainly acts on the mitochondrial proteins and is closely related to adenosine triphosphate energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Li Tong
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Fei-Peng Gong
- Department of Orthopedic, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Ling-Yun Zhong
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Song-Hong Yang
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
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Liu S, Lai C, Long Y, Yang W, Ren Q, Huang L, Chen J. The global profiling of alkaloids in Aconitum stapfianum and analysis of detoxification material basis against Fuzi. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1652:462362. [PMID: 34261022 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aconitum alkaloids are versatile in chemical structures and are well known for their bioactivity and toxicity. Cases of analogs with closely similar structures or positional isomers are widespread in herbs of the Aconitum genus. It is still challenging to rapidly identify unknown compounds via mass spectrometry, especially positional isomers. Herein, to profile the alkaloids of Aconitum stapfianum that possess bioactivity against intoxication by the lateral root of Aconitum carmichaelii (Fuzi), a strategy was developed by carefully determining the fragmentation pathways of authentic standards. A series of rules was summarized and involved charge site effects, hydrogen bonding effects, competitive channels between charge-remote reactions and charge migration reactions, and fragment patterns exhibiting a "diamond shape". Accordingly, a total of 124 alkaloids in A. stapfianum were tentatively characterized, including 85 potential new compounds and 24 sets of isomers. On the other hand, to explore the material basis of detoxification, a chemical constituent comparison was made between A. stapfianum and Fuzi, and principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were performed to identify markers that were different between the two . In total, 25 characteristic markers were identified to discriminate between these two herbal medicines, of which 14 compounds were specific for A. stapfianum and most of them were characteristic for a para-substituted benzoic acid ester at C-14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Liu
- School of Resources Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Changjiangsheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijng 100700, China
| | - Yihong Long
- School of Resources Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Weiran Yang
- School of Resources Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Qi Ren
- Jiangxi Institute for Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine, Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Drug and Medical Device Quality, Nanchang 330029, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijng 100700, China.
| | - Jinlong Chen
- School of Resources Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; Center for Post-doctoral research, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijng 100700, China.
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Shen BQ, Qu C, Mi L, Wang HY, Yang H. Simultaneous quantification of twenty-eight components of Shenfu Injection in rat plasma by UHPLC-QQQ MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 203:114211. [PMID: 34171738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Shenfu Injection (SFI), derived from the classical traditional Chinese medicine formula "Shenfu Decoction", is a modern preparation used to treat heart failure and shock in clinic. In this study, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadruple tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QQQ MS) method was established to simultaneously quantify twenty-eight main active components of SFI in rat plasma, including eighteen ginsenosides and ten aconite alkaloids. Multi-reaction monitoring in positive and negative ionization switching modes is used for mass spectrometry analysis, and the whole analysis process was within 14 min. The developed method was well validated and successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of multiple components of SFI in rat plasma. Eight PPD-type ginsenosides Ra2, Ra3, Rb1, Ra1, Rc, Rb2, Rb3 and Rd presented relative high systemic exposure levels among ginsenosides with AUC0-t larger than 10,000 μg h/L, while mesaconine and hypaconine possessed relative high plasma abundance among aconite alkaloids with AUC0-t at 142.50 ± 17.42 μg h/L and 40.65 ± 5.61 μg h/L, respectively. Several PPT-type ginsenosides had obviously higher AUC0-t levels (e.g. 639.70 ± 134.61 μg h/L for ginsenoside Re and 874.79 ± 188.87 μg h/L for ginsenoside Rg1) than alkaloids but similar t1/2 levels (0.14 ± 0.03 h for ginsenoside Re, 0.16 ± 0.03 h for ginsenoside Rg1, 0.04-0.33 h for aconite alkaloids), indicating their quick elimination. Collectively, the pharmacokinetic research of ginsenosides and aconite alkaloids in SFI would provide a scientific basis for its clinical use and drug-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Qing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Cheng Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Li Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hui-Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Lei H, Zhang Y, Ye J, Cheng T, Liang Y, Zu X, Zhang W. A comprehensive quality evaluation of Fuzi and its processed product through integration of UPLC-QTOF/MS combined MS/MS-based mass spectral molecular networking with multivariate statistical analysis and HPLC-MS/MS. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 266:113455. [PMID: 33039630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (the Chinese name is Fuzi, FZ), the lateral or daughter root of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. (Ranunculaceae), is a controversial traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that is universally distributed and applied in many countries, such as China, Japan, Korea, and India. FZ can be used to treat various diseases, including rheumatic fever, rheumatism, painful joints, syncope, collapse, bronchial asthma, some endocrinal disorders, etc. However, quality control and assessment of FZ are challenging due to its obvious and high toxicological risks, and only its processed products are allowed to be used clinically according to the relative safety regulations. Consequently, it is necessary to analyze the whole chemical composition and the dynamic changes of FZ before and after processing. Addressing the changes in the chemical substance of raw and processed products is a way to reduce toxicity. AIM OF THE STUDY In this article, the whole chemical composition of FZ is analyzed, the differences between raw and processed FZ are evaluated, and possible factors that influence the reduced toxicity of processed FZ are explained from the perspective of its chemical composition using qualitative and quantitative analysis methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS A novel strategy of multiple data collection and processing based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) method in the positive ion mode, together with Global Natural Product Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) and multivariate statistical analysis, was established to systematically identify the chemical constituents of FZ and comprehensively investigate the chemical markers that can be used to differentiate FZ processed with vinegar and honey from its raw product. Combined with the qualitative analysis results, 12 components, including 8 chemical marker compounds and 4 toxicity components, were quantitatively analyzed by using high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). RESULTS Using the molecular networking (MN) analysis method, a total of 145 compounds were identified, of which 13 were identified using reference compounds. Seventy seven chemical markers were also detected between raw and processed FZ. The identification results of the chemical markers were also verified by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The quantitative results indicated that the contents of 12 important components all decreased, especially diester-diterpenoid alkaloids (DDAs), after processing. CONCLUSION The decrease of toxicity of FZ after processing is closely related to the changes in its chemical composition. The method developed in this study is a comprehensive analysis technique for quality assessment of FZ, and this study provides a useful and quick strategy to characterize chemical compounds of TCM and explore the different chemical markers between raw and processed Chinese herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibo Lei
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Ji Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Taofang Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Yanlin Liang
- Guangyuyuan Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., Shanxi, 030800, PR China
| | - Xianpeng Zu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China.
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
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Investigation of Efficacy Enhancing and Toxicity Reducing Mechanism of Combination of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata and Paeoniae Radix Alba in Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis Rats by Metabolomics. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:9864841. [PMID: 31011359 PMCID: PMC6442482 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9864841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Combination of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (FZ) and Paeoniae Radix Alba (BS) shows a significant effect in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study aimed to investigate the efficacy enhancing and toxicity reducing mechanism of combination of them in adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rats by metabolomics. Rats were randomly divided into seven groups, including A (healthy control), B (model control), C1 (therapy group), C2 (efficacy enhancing group), D1 (toxicity group), and D2 (toxicity reducing group), and dexamethasone group was used as positive control. The plasma biochemical indexes showed that therapeutic dose of lipid-soluble alkaloids of FZ could significantly inhibit the concentrations of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in AIA rats, and combination with total glucosides of peony could further reduce the concentration of IL-1β. Then, UPLC-LTQ/Orbitrap MS with untargeted metabolomics was performed to identify the possible metabolites and pathways. Through multivariate data analysis of therapeutic dose groups (A vs. B vs. C1 vs. C2) and multivariate data analysis of toxic dose groups (A vs. B vs. D1 vs. D2), 10 and 7 biomarkers were identified based on biomarker analysis, respectively. After inducing AIA model, the plasma contents of spermidine, vanillylmandelic acid, catechol, and linoleate were increased significantly, and the contents of citric acid, L-tyrosine, L-phenylalanine, leucine, L-tryptophan, and uridine 5'-monophosphate (UMP) were decreased significantly. High dose of lipid-soluble alkaloids of FZ could increase the plasma contents of L-lysine, L-arginine, and deoxycholic acid, while the plasma contents of UMP, carnitine, N-formylanthranilic acid, and adenosine were decreased significantly. The pathway analysis indicated that therapeutic dose of lipid-soluble alkaloids of FZ could regulate energy and amino acid metabolic disorders in AIA rats. However, toxic dose could cause bile acid, fat, amino acid, and energy metabolic disorders. And combination with total glucosides of peony could enhance the therapeutic effects and attenuate the toxicity induced by lipid-soluble alkaloids of FZ.
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Gao W, Liu XG, Liu L, Li P, Yang H. Targeted profiling and relative quantification of benzoyl diterpene alkaloids in Aconitum
roots by using LC-MS/MS with precursor ion scan. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:3515-3526. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Xin-Guang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing P. R. China
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Zhang M, Peng CS, Li XB. Human intestine and liver microsomal metabolic differences between C19-diester and monoester diterpenoid alkaloids from the roots of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 45:318-333. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zhang M, Wang M, Liang J, Wen Y, Xiong Z. Chemical UPLC-ESI-MS/MS profiling of aconitum alkaloids and their metabolites in rat plasma and urine after oral administration of Aconitum carmichaelii
Debx. Root extract. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 32. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang People's Republic of China
| | - Manman Wang
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Liang
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqing Wen
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang People's Republic of China
| | - Zhili Xiong
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang People's Republic of China
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Huang D, Zhao X, Liu X, Chao R. Determination of Five Aminoalcohol-diterpenoid Alkaloids in the Lateral Root of Aconitum carmichaeli by HPLC–ELSD with SPE. J Chromatogr Sci 2017; 55:940-945. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmx059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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A feasible, economical, and accurate analytical method for simultaneous determination of six alkaloid markers in Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata from different manufacturing sources and processing ways. Chin J Nat Med 2017; 15:301-309. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(17)30048-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Zong XX, Yan G, Wu JL, Leung ELH, Zhou H, Li N, Liu L. New C 19 -diterpenoid alkaloids from the parent roots of Aconitum carmichaelii. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bioactive heterocyclic alkaloids with diterpene structure isolated from traditional Chinese medicines. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1026:56-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Zhang N, Song Y, Song Q, Shi S, Zhang Q, Zhao Y, Li J, Tu P. Qualitative and Quantitative Assessments of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Diode Array Detection and Hybrid Ion Trap–Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. J Chromatogr Sci 2016; 54:888-901. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmv245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Liu X, Tang M, Wang L, Chao R. Fragmentation study of aminoalcohol-diterpenoid alkaloids by electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30:161-169. [PMID: 26661983 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Aminoalcohol-diterpenoid alkaloids were found to be a group of cardioactive substances in the lateral roots of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx. Studies on the fragmentation behaviors and features of these alkaloids in mass spectrometry would be important for their structural identification and in vivo metabolic research, which has not received much attention thus far. METHODS In this study, the fragmentation behaviors of 14 aminoalcohol-diterpenoid alkaloids were investigated by utilizing high-resolution time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. By analysis of the obtained MS(2) data, we summarized the fragmentation features of the corresponding alkaloids under different collision energy. RESULTS The dissociation of functional groups from the skeleton was observed as the main fragmentation way in electrospray ionization (ESI) mode. The order of fragmentation sites was C1/C3 > C16 > C15 > C6 > N, with loss of one or more CH3OH, H2O, C2H4 (substituent on N atom) or CO (at C15 ) groups. CONCLUSIONS The first systematic investigations on the fragmentation of aminoalcohol-diterpenoid alkaloids are described in this paper, setting the stage for an in-depth identification and study of the corresponding components in complex systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Liu
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Minghai Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Lu Wang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ruobing Chao
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
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Yang H, Gao W, Liu L, Liu K, Liu EH, Qi LW, Li P. Discovery of characteristic chemical markers for classification of aconite herbs by chromatographic profile and probabilistic neural network. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 115:10-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kumar S, Singh A, Bajpai V, Kumar B. Identification, characterization and distribution of monoterpene indole alkaloids in Rauwolfia species by Orbitrap Velos Pro mass spectrometer. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 118:183-194. [PMID: 26551537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) are medicinally important class of compounds abundant in the roots of Rauwolfia species (Apocynaceae). MIAs such as yohimbine (aphrodisiac agent) and reserpine (antihypertensive, tranquilizer) are the official drugs included in Model List of Essential Drugs of World Health Organization (WHO). Therefore, we have attempt to identify and characterize the MIAs in the crude extracts of six Rauwolfia species using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Orbitrap Velos Pro hybrid mass spectrometer. The identity of the MIAs were construed using the high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HRMS/MS) spectra of standard compounds 'yohimbine' and 'reserpine' in higher energy collisional dissociation (HCD) and collision-induced dissociation (CID) modes. The diagnostic fragment ions found in HCD mode was highly affected by variation of normalized collision energy (NCE) and gave few product ions ('C-F') while CID produced intense and more diagnostic product ions ('A-F'). Consequently, CID-MS/MS mode provided significantly more structural information about basic skeleton and therefore the recommended mode for analysis of MIAs. Furthermore, six diagnostic fragmentation pathways were established by multi-stage mass analysis (MS(n) (n=5)) analysis which gave information regarding the substitution. Fragment ions 'A-F' revealed the number and position of substituents on indole and terpene moieties. The proposed diagnostic fragmentation pathways have been successfully applied for identification and characterization of MIAs in crude root extracts of six Rauwolfia species. Ten bioactive reserpine class of MIAs were tentatively identified and characterized on the basis of chromatographic and mass spectrometric features as well as HRMS/MS an MS(n) (n=4) analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Awantika Singh
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031 Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Vikas Bajpai
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031 Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Brijesh Kumar
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031 Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110025, India.
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Chen XL, Geng CA, Chen JJ. A fragmentation study on four C19-diterpenoid alkaloids by electrospray ionization ion-trap time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2015; 17:915-929. [PMID: 26274911 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2015.1038524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution electrospray ionization ion-trap time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-IT-TOF-MS(n)) in positive-ion mode was used to determine the accurate masses and fragmentation pathways of four C(19)-diterpenoid alkaloids, aconitine (1), yunnaconitine (2), crassicauline A (3), and benzoylmesaconine (4). The [M+H](+) ions of compounds 1-4 were readily observed in conventional single-stage mass spectrometry. Based on the MS(1-6) analyses, detailed fragmentation rules of the four compounds were proposed. The neutral losses of AcOH, MeOH, H(2)O, CO, C(2)H(4), PhCOOH and p-OMePhCOOH segments were the characteristic eliminations from the precursor ions due to the presence of acetyl, methoxyl, hydroxyl, N-ethyl, benzoyl and p-methoxyl-benzoyl units in the structures. Benefited from the high resolution of the mass analyzer, the loss of 28 Da corresponding to CO or CH(4) segment in product ions was unambiguously distinguished. The losing sequence of the main substituent groups was summarized as: C(8)-acetyl>C(16)-methotyl>C(15)-hydroxyl>C(6)-methoxyl>C(1)-methoxyl/C(3)-hydroxyl>C(18)-methoxyl>>C(13)-hydroxyl. The sequential loss of (16)-methoxyl moiety and CO (generating from enol-ketone tautomerism) groups could be recognized as the characteristic eliminations for the compounds with C(16)-methoxyl and C(15)-hydroxyl groups simultaneously. The application of HR-ESI-IT-TOF-MS(n) technique to investigate the fragmentation of C(19)-diterpenoid alkaloids provided useful information to understand their fragmentation behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Long Chen
- a State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China , Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201 , China
- b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Chang-An Geng
- a State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China , Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201 , China
| | - Ji-Jun Chen
- a State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China , Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201 , China
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Xie S, Jia Y, Liu A, Dai R, Huang L. Hypaconitine-induced QT prolongation mediated through inhibition of KCNH2 (hERG) potassium channels in conscious dogs. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 166:375-379. [PMID: 25800797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hypaconitine is one of the main aconitum alkaloids in traditional Chinese medicines prepared with herbs from the genus Acotinum. These herbs are widely used for the treatment of cardiac insufficiency and arrhythmias. However, Acotinum alkaloids are known for their toxicity as well as their pharmacological activity, especially cardiotoxicity including QT prolongation, and the mechanism of this toxicity is not clear. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, hypaconitine was administered orally to conscious Beagle dogs, and electrocardiograms were recorded by telemetry. Pharmacokinetic studies (6h) were conducted to evaluate the relationship between QT prolongation and exposure level. HEK293 cells stably transfected with KCNH2 (hERG) cDNA were used to examine the effects of hypaconitine on the KCNH2 channel by using the manual patch clamp technique. RESULTS In the conscious dogs, all doses of hypaconitine induced QTcV (QT interval corrected according to the Van de Water formula) prolongation by more than 23% (67ms) of control in a dose-dependent manner. The maximum QTcV prolongation was observed at 2h after dosing. Maximum prolongation percentages were plotted against plasma concentrations of hypaconitine and showed a strong correlation (R(2)=0.789). In the in vitro study in HEK293 cells, hypaconitine inhibited the KCNH2 currents in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 of 8.1nM. CONCLUSION These data suggest that hypaconitine inhibits KCNH2 potassium channels and this effect might be the molecular mechanism underlying QT prolongation in conscious dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuilin Xie
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ying Jia
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Aiming Liu
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Renke Dai
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lizhen Huang
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Yang Y, Yin XJ, Guo HM, Wang RL, Song R, Tian Y, Zhang ZJ. Identification and comparative analysis of the major chemical constituents in the extracts of single fuzi herb and fuzi-gancao herb-pair by UFLC-IT-TOF/MS. Chin J Nat Med 2015; 12:542-53. [PMID: 25053554 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(14)60084-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this work was to establish a specific and sensitive method to comprehensively investigate and compare chemical constituents of Fuzi-Gancao herb pair (FG), consisting of Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux (Fuzi, Chinese) and Roast Radix Glycyrrhizae (Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Gancao, in Chinese) and Fuzi alone to explore the underlying interaction mechanism of FG. METHOD An ultra-fast liquid chromatography-ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UFLC/MS-IT-TOF) method using diazepam as internal standard was developed for the identification and semi-quantitative analysis of the phytochemical constituents of Fuzi and FG. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a UFLC column using a gradient program with 40 mmol·L(-1) ammonium acetate and acetonitrile as the mobile phase. RESULTS Fifty-one of the sixty compounds, including forty-five C19-diterpenoid alkaloids and six C20-diterpenoid alkaloids were tentatively identified in the extracts of Fuzi and FG through accurate mass measurements and fragmentation patterns. Comparing the contents of these alkaloids in these two extracts, it was found that the diester-diterpenoid alkaloids (DDAs) and the alkylolamine-diterpenoid alkaloids (ADAs) were increased, while the monoester-diterpenoid alkaloids (MDAs) were decreased in the extracts of FG. CONCLUSION This work provided comprehensive information for the quality control of Fuzi preparations, and the further investigation on the compatibility mechanisms of FG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xin-Juan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hui-Min Guo
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ru-Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Rui Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Zun-Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Xu W, Zhang J, Zhu D, Huang J, Huang Z, Bai J, Qiu X. Rapid separation and characterization of diterpenoid alkaloids in processed roots ofAconitum carmichaeliusing ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid linear ion trap-Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:2864-73. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xu
- Lab of Chinese Materia Medica Preparation, the Second Clinical College; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Lab of Chinese Materia Medica Preparation, the Second Clinical College; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou China
| | - Dayuan Zhu
- Lab of Chinese Materia Medica Preparation, the Second Clinical College; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou China
| | - Juan Huang
- Lab of Chinese Materia Medica Preparation, the Second Clinical College; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou China
| | - Zhihai Huang
- Lab of Chinese Materia Medica Preparation, the Second Clinical College; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou China
| | - Junqi Bai
- Lab of Chinese Materia Medica Preparation, the Second Clinical College; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou China
| | - Xiaohui Qiu
- Lab of Chinese Materia Medica Preparation, the Second Clinical College; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou China
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Yang H, Liu L, Gao W, Liu K, Qi LW, Li P. Direct and comprehensive analysis of ginsenosides and diterpene alkaloids in Shenfu injection by combinatory liquid chromatography–mass spectrometric techniques. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 92:13-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Qi Y, Li S, Pi Z, Song F, Lin N, Liu S, Liu Z. Chemical profiling of Wu-tou decoction by UPLC–Q-TOF-MS. Talanta 2014; 118:21-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Jaiswal Y, Liang Z, Yong P, Chen H, Zhao Z. A comparative study on the traditional Indian Shodhana and Chinese processing methods for aconite roots by characterization and determination of the major components. Chem Cent J 2013; 7:169. [PMID: 24156713 PMCID: PMC4015782 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-7-169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aconitum is an indispensable entity of the traditional medicine therapy in Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), in spite of its known fatal toxicity characteristics. The prolonged use of this drug, irrespective of its known lethal effects, is governed by the practice of effective detoxification processes that have been used for decades. However, the processing methods of Ayurveda and TCM are different, and no comparative study has been carried out to evaluate their differences. The objective of the present study was to carry out comparative chemical profiling of the roots of Aconitum heterophyllum Wall, A. carmichaelii Debx., and A. kusnezoffii Reichb. after application of two detoxification methods used in Ayurveda and one method used in TCM . Results Analysis of the processed samples was carried out by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF/MS). The results obtained in the study demonstrate that all three processing methods used in Ayurveda and TCM effectively extract the diester diterpenoid alkaloids and led to their conversion into monoester diterpenoid alkaloids. The efficiency of the processes in reduction of toxic alkaloid contents can be stated as: Processing with water > Shodhana with cow milk > Shodhana with cow urine. The analysis method was validated as per ICH-Q2R1 guidelines and all the parameters were found to comply with the recommendations stated in the guidelines. Conclusions There have been no reports till date, to compare the processing methods used in Ayurveda with the methods used in TCM for detoxification of aconite roots. Our study demonstrates that, these methods used in both the traditional systems of medicine, efficiently detoxify the aconite roots. Amongst the three selected procedures, the TCM method of decoction with water is the most efficient. Through experimental evidences, we prove the conversion of toxic diester diterpenoid alkaloids to relatively safer monoester diterpenoid alkaloids. Thus, this study demonstrates that comparative study on the traditional experiences accumulated in different medical systems is useful for expanding their respective applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zhongzhen Zhao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, P, R, China.
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Sun H, Wang M, Zhang A, Ni B, Dong H, Wang X. UPLC-Q-TOF-HDMS analysis of constituents in the root of two kinds of Aconitum using a metabolomics approach. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2013; 24:263-276. [PMID: 23225552 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolomics is an 'omics' approach that aims to comprehensively analyse all metabolites in a biological sample, and has great potential for directly elucidating plant metabolic processes. Increasing evidence supports the view that plants produce a broad range of low-molecular-weight secondary metabolites responsible for variation from species to species, thus enabling the use of secondary metabolite profiling in the chemotaxonomy. OBJECTIVE To gain deeper insights into the metabolites to increasing plant diversity, we performed systematic untargeted metabolite profiling to exploit the different parts and species of Aconitum as a case study. METHOD Application of ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight-high-definition mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-HDMS) equipped with electrospray ionisation and coupled with pattern recognition analyses to study constituents in the root of two kinds of Aconitum species. RESULTS Twenty-two metabolites between the mother root of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx (CHW) and lateral root of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx (SFZ) and 13 metabolites between the CHW and root of Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb (CW) have been identified. Of note, songorine, carmichaeline and isotalatizidine did not exist in CW, whereas they are present in the SFZ and CHW. CONCLUSION Metabolomics based UPLC-QTOF-HDMS with multivariate statistical models was effective for analysis of constituents in the root of two kinds of Aconitum species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sun
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, and Key Pharmacometabolomic Platform of Chinese Medicines, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China.
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Tong P, Wu C, Wang X, Hu H, Jin H, Li C, Zhu Y, Shan L, Xiao L. Development and assessment of a complete-detoxication strategy for Fuzi (lateral root of Aconitum carmichaeli) and its application in rheumatoid arthritis therapy. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 146:562-571. [PMID: 23376046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fuzi (lateral root of Aconitum carmichaeli) is a popular traditional Chinese medicine well known for its both therapeutic and high-toxic activities. Its toxic alkaloid ingredients, mainly aconitine, mesaconitine, and hypaconitine, are responsible for the high toxicity. However, to date, no detoxication strategy is available to completely eliminate Fuzi's toxicity, and, whether Fuzi's efficacy could be kept after detoxication, remain unknown and debatable. MATERIALS AND METHODS The purpose of this study was to establish and validate a complete-detoxication strategy for Fuzi via acute toxicity test, to clarify the detoxication mechanism by HPLC and titrimetric analyses, and to evaluate the therapeutic effect of detoxicated Fuzi on adjuvant arthritis (AA). Three processed Fuzi (Bai-fu-pian) with 30-min, 60-min, and 120-min decoctions, respectively, named dBfp-30, dBfp-60, and dBfp-120, were prepared for this study. For the acute toxicity test, their oral doses to male and female Kunming mice were up to 70-190g/kg body weight, and their toxicological profiles were evaluated by median lethal dose (LD50), maximal tolerance dose (MTD), minimal lethal dose (MLD), no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL), and time-concentration-mortality (TCM) modeling methods using a 14-day schedule with up to five doses. The HPLC analysis was performed to determine the detoxication-induced changes in composition and amount of aconitine, mesaconitine and hypaconitine in Fuzi, whilst the titrimetric method was adopted to estimate the amount changes of Fuzi's total alkaloids. AA model was established by incomplete Freund's adjuvant injection in Wistar rats, and the animal's physiological (body weight, food intake, etc.), clinical (hind paw volume), and immunological (IL-1 and TNF-α) parameters were assessed as markers of inflammation and arthritis. RESULTS With increasing decoction time, the acute toxicity of detoxicated Fuzi became decreased in the following order: dBfp-30 (LD50 of 145.1g/kg; MTD of 70g/kg; MLD of 100g/kg; NOAEL of 70g/kg) >dBfp-60 (too large LD50; MTD of 160g/kg; MLD of 190g/kg; NOAEL of 100g/kg) >dBfp-120 (no LD50; unlimited MTD; unlimited MLD; NOAEL of 130g/kg). dBfp-30 and dBfp-60 displayed the toxicity at a dose-dependent manner with maximum mortalities reaching 100% and 50% respectively, whereas no mortality or signs of intoxication was induced by dBfp-120. The chemical analyses revealed a dramatic reduction of the toxic alkaloids as well as total alkaloids in Fuzi after the detoxication, from which no level of aconitine and only minimum residual of mesaconitine (0.56±0.02μg/g) and hypaconitine (8.73±0.13μg/g) were detected in dBfp-120. However, no significant difference of total alkaloid amount was found among dBfp-30, dBfp-60, and dBfp-120 (P>0.05), suggesting an equivalent conversion from toxic alkaloids to its non-toxic derivants in dBfp-120. Further, also no significant differences were seen among dBfp-30, dBfp-60, and dBfp-120 for the therapeutic effects on physiological, clinical, and immunological parameters in AA rat, indicating that dBfp-120 is of non-toxicity and efficacy. CONCLUSIONS A complete-detoxication strategy has been developed successfully for ensuring the safe and effective use of Fuzi. The detoxication mechanism associated with elimination of toxic alkaloids has kept Fuzi's efficacy, indicating a non-interdependent relationship between its efficacy and toxicity. This is the first report on such an optimal detoxication strategy and on the application of detoxicated Fuzi in AA. It may provide in depth understanding to the toxicological and pharmacological profiles of Fuzi and further benefit the herbal drug development with safety and efficacy for disease especially RA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijian Tong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310006, China
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Zhang J, Huang ZH, Qiu XH, Yang YM, Zhu DY, Xu W. Neutral fragment filtering for rapid identification of new diester-diterpenoid alkaloids in roots of Aconitum carmichaeli by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap-orbitrap mass spectrometry. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52352. [PMID: 23285005 PMCID: PMC3528760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid and effective method was developed for separation and identification of diester-diterpenoid alkaloids (DDA) in the roots of Aconitum carmichaeli by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution LTQ-Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MSn). According to accurate mass measurement and the characteristic neutral loss filtering strategy, a total of 42 diester-diterpenoid alkaloids (DDA) were rapidly detected and characterized or tentatively identified. Meanwhile, the proposed fragmentation pathways and the major diagnostic fragment ions of aconitine, mesaconitine and hypaconitine were investigated to trace DDA derivatives in crude plant extracts. 23 potential new compounds were successfully screened and characterized in Aconitum carmichaeli, including 16 short chain fatty acyls DDA, 4 N-dealkyl DDA and several isomers of aconitine, mesaconitine and hypaconitine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Lab of Chinese Materia Medica Preparation, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Zhang JM, Fu CM, Hu YC, Li Y, Qing SH, Gao F. Screening out Potential Cardio-Toxic Components of Chinese HerbRadix Aconiti Lateralisin Rat Dosed Plasma by High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Electrospray Ionization Quadrupole Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. ANAL LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2012.677791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Analysis of alkaloids from different chemical groups by different liquid chromatography methods. OPEN CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/s11532-012-0037-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractAlkaloids are biologically active compounds widely used as pharmaceuticals and synthesised as secondary methabolites in plants. Many of these compounds are strongly toxic. Therefore, they are often subject of scientific interests and analysis. Since alkaloids — basic compounds appear in aqueous solutions as ionized and unionized forms, they are difficult for chromatographic separation for peak tailing, poor systems efficiency, poor separation and poor column-to-column reproducibility. For this reason it is necessity searching of more suitable chromatographic systems for analysis of the compounds. In this article we present an overview on the separation of selected alkaloids from different chemical groups by liquid chromatography thus indicating the range of useful methods now available for alkaloid analysis. Different selectivity, system efficiency and peaks shape may be achieved in different LC methods separations by use of alternative stationary phases: silica, alumina, chemically bonded stationary phases, cation exchange phases, or by varying nonaqueous or aqueous mobile phase (containing different modifier, different buffers at different pH, ion-pairing or silanol blocker reagents). Developments in TLC (NP and RP systems), HPLC (NP, RP, HILIC, ion-exchange) are presented and the advantages of each method for alkaloids analysis are discussed.
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Liu XX, Jian XX, Cai XF, Chao RB, Chen QH, Chen DL, Wang XL, Wang FP. Cardioactive C₁₉-diterpenoid alkaloids from the lateral roots of Aconitum carmichaeli "Fu Zi". Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2012; 60:144-9. [PMID: 22223386 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.60.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided fractionation of an n-BuOH extract of the lateral roots of Aconitum carmichaeli. led to the isolation of 5 cardioactive C(19)-diterpenoid alkaloids: N-deethylaconine (1), beiwutinine (2), hypaconine (3), mesaconine (4), and 15α-hydroxyneoline (5). N-Deethylaconine and beiwutinine are new aconitine-type C(19)-diterpenoid alkaloids. Hypaconine was isolated from this species for the first time. Among them, mesaconine, hypaconine, and beiwutinine showed the strongest cardiac actions on the isolated perfused bullfrog heart. Furthermore, mesaconine has protective effects, including improved inotropic effect and left ventricular diastolic function, on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat at a dose of 10(-9) mol/L. However, mesaconine has almost no effect on heart rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Xiu Liu
- Department of Medicinal Analysis, West China College of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P R China
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Song L, Zhang H, Liu X, Zhao ZL, Chen SL, Wang ZT, Xu HX. Rapid determination of yunaconitine and related alkaloids in aconites and aconite-containing drugs by ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2012; 26:1567-74. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2012] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai; 201203; China
| | - Xin Liu
- Beijing Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau; Beijing; 100026; China
| | - Zhi-Li Zhao
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai; 201203; China
| | - Shi-Lin Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing; 100193; China
| | | | - Hong-Xi Xu
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai; 201203; China
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Cao Y, Chen XF, Lü DY, Dong X, Zhang GQ, Chai YF. Using cell membrane chromatography and HPLC-TOF/MS method for in vivo study of active components from roots of Aconitum carmichaeli. J Pharm Anal 2012; 1:125-134. [PMID: 29403691 PMCID: PMC5760790 DOI: 10.1016/s2095-1779(11)70022-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
An offline two-dimensional system combining a rat cardiac muscle cell membrane chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CMC-TOF/MS) with a high Performance liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-TOF/MS) was established for investigating the parent components and metabolites in rat urine samples after administration of the roots of Aconitum carmichaeli. On the basis ofthe analysis of the first dimension, retention components of the urine sample were collected into 30 fractions (one fraction per minute). Then offline analysis of the second dimension was carried out. 34 compounds including 24 parent alkaloids and 10 potential metabolites were identified from the dosed rat urine, and then binding affinities of different compounds on cell membranes were compared and influences of some functional groups on activity were estimated with the semi-quantification and curve fitting method. As a result, binding affinities decreased along with the process of deacylation, debenzoylation and demethylation, which may be related to the alleviation of toxicity in the procedure of herb processing or metabolism. Moreover, some minor components in rat urine (Songorine, 14-benzoylneoline, Deoxyaconitine, etc.) exerted relatively strong affinity on cell membranes are worth exploring. The results delivered by the System suggest that the CMC can be applied to in vivo study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Di-Ya Lü
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xin Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yi-Feng Chai
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai 200433, China
- Corresponding author.
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Ye L, Gao S, Feng Q, Liu W, Yang Z, Hu M, Liu Z. Development and validation of a highly sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of aconitine, mesaconitine, hypaconitine, and five of their metabolites in rat blood and its application to a pharmacokinetics study of aconitine, mesaconitine, and hypaconitine. Xenobiotica 2011; 42:518-25. [PMID: 22188409 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2011.641608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A rapid, specific and sensitive method was developed for the simultaneous determination of eight Aconitum alkaloids: aconitine (AC), mesaconitine (MA), hypaconitine (HA), benzoylaconine (BAC), benzoylmesaconine (BMA), benzoylhypaconine (BHA), aconine and mesaconine in rat blood by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The UPLC-MS/MS system coupled with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source was operated in a positive mode via multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM). Samples were treated with methanol to remove protein prior to analysis by UPLC-MS/MS. The analytes were separated with a Waters C18 column (1.7 µm, 50 × 2.1 mm) and a gradient elution using acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid-water as the mobile phases. The linear response range was from 0.125 to 1000 nmol/L for these eight alkaloids and the correlation coefficients (r(2) values) were all higher than 0.997. The method was validated with respect to precision, accuracy, recovery, matrix effect, carryover effect and sample stability, and found to be within the acceptable limits. The developed and validated method was successfully applied to simultaneously determine the eight Aconitum alkaloids in rats blood after intravenous administration of a mixture of AC, MA and HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Wang X, Wang H, Zhang A, Lu X, Sun H, Dong H, Wang P. Metabolomics Study on the Toxicity of Aconite Root and Its Processed Products Using Ultraperformance Liquid-Chromatography/Electrospray-Ionization Synapt High-Definition Mass Spectrometry Coupled with Pattern Recognition Approach and Ingenuity Pathways Analysis. J Proteome Res 2011; 11:1284-301. [DOI: 10.1021/pr200963e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xijun Wang
- National TCM Key Lab of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, and Key Pharmacometabolomics Platform of Chinese Medicines, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Huiyu Wang
- National TCM Key Lab of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, and Key Pharmacometabolomics Platform of Chinese Medicines, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- National TCM Key Lab of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, and Key Pharmacometabolomics Platform of Chinese Medicines, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xin Lu
- National TCM Key Lab of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, and Key Pharmacometabolomics Platform of Chinese Medicines, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hui Sun
- National TCM Key Lab of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, and Key Pharmacometabolomics Platform of Chinese Medicines, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hui Dong
- National TCM Key Lab of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, and Key Pharmacometabolomics Platform of Chinese Medicines, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ping Wang
- National TCM Key Lab of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, and Key Pharmacometabolomics Platform of Chinese Medicines, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
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Sun H, Ni B, Zhang A, Wang M, Dong H, Wang X. Metabolomics study on Fuzi and its processed products using ultra-performance liquid-chromatography/electrospray-ionization synapt high-definition mass spectrometry coupled with pattern recognition analysis. Analyst 2011; 137:170-85. [PMID: 22030742 DOI: 10.1039/c1an15833c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The lateral root of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx is named "Fuzi" which is widely distributed across Asia and North America and has been used to relieve joint pain and treat rheumatic diseases for over two thousand years. However, it has very narrow therapeutic ranges and despite the toxicological risk, its usage remains very high. A traditional Chinese processing approach (Paozhi, detoxifying measure) is necessary to remove the poisonous Aconitum alkaloids mainly deriving from the diester diterpene alkaloids (DDAs) including aconitine, mesaconitine and hypaconitine. They can be decomposed into less or non-toxic derivatives through Paozhi that plays an essential role in detoxification. Processed Fuzi is mainly focused on the three main forms of Yanfuzi (YFZ), Heishunpian (HSP) and Baifupian (BFP) which are highly desirable in order to guarantee the clinical safety and their low toxicity in decoctions. The difference in metabolomic characters between Fuzi and its processed preparations is still completely unclear. Therefore, this paper was designed to investigate a comprehensive metabolome of Fuzi and its processed products by ultra-performance liquid-chromatography/electrospray-ionization synapt high-definition mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-HDMS) combined with pattern recognition methods. The difference in metabolic profiles between Fuzi and its processed preparations was well observed by the principal component analysis (PCA) of the MS spectra. Significant changes of 19 metabolite biomarkers were detected in the Fuzi samples and three preparations. The underlying regulations of Paozhi-perturbed metabolic pathways were also discussed according to the identified metabolites. The present study proves that UPLC-Q-TOF-HDMS based metabolomic analysis greatly contributes to the investigation of Fuzi metabolism through Paozhi techniques, and provides useful information to further comprehensively understand the pharmacological activity and potential toxicity of processed Fuzi in a clinical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sun
- National TCM Key Lab of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Heping Road 24, Harbin, 150040, China
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Tan G, Jing J, Zhu Z, Lou Z, Li W, Zhao L, Zhang G, Chai Y. Detection and identification of diterpenoid alkaloids, isoflavonoids and saponins in Qifu decoction and rat plasma by liquid chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 26:178-91. [PMID: 21594877 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A liquid chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometric (LC-TOFMS) method has been developed for analysis of components in Qifu decoction (QFD), a traditional Chinese medical formula consisting of Radix Astragali and Acontium carmichaeli, and in rat plasma after oral administration. Based on accurate mass measurements within 3 ppm error for each molecular ion and subsequent fragment ions of TOFMS, as well as matching of empirical molecular formulae with those of published components in the in-house chemical library, a total of 44 major components including 21 diterpenoid alkaloids, 12 flavonoids and 11 saponins were identified in QFD. After oral administration of QFD, 22 components in rat plasma were detected and identified by comparing and contrasting the constituents measured in QFD with those in the plasma samples. The results provided valuable chemical information for further pharmacology and active mechanism research on QFD. LC-TOFMS was also applied for the comparison of relative peak area of major active components between QFD and the single herb extracts. The concentration ratios of major saponins detected in the crude herb Radix Astragali were found to be different from those in QFD. The experimental data indicated that the decocting process could result in differences in the amounts of active components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangguo Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Tan G, Lou Z, Jing J, Li W, Zhu Z, Zhao L, Zhang G, Chai Y. Screening and analysis of aconitum alkaloids and their metabolites in rat urine after oral administration of aconite roots extract using LC-TOFMS-based metabolomics. Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 25:1343-51. [PMID: 21413046 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Aconite roots are popularly used in herbal medicines in China. Many cases of accidental and intentional intoxication with this plant have been reported; some of these are fatal because the toxicity of aconitum is very high. It is thus important to detect and identify aconitum alkaloids in biofluids. In this work, an improved method employing LC-TOFMS with multivariate data analysis was developed for screening and analysis of major aconitum alkaloids and their metabolites in rat urine following oral administration of aconite roots extract. Thirty-four signals highlighted by multivariate statistical analyses including 24 parent components and 10 metabolites were screened out and further identified by adjustment of the fragmentor voltage to produce structure-relevant fragment ions. It is helpful for studying aconite roots in toxicology, pharmacology and forensic medicine. This work also confirmed that the metabolomic approach provides effective tools for screening multiple absorbed and metabolic components of Chinese herbal medicines in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangguo Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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Abstract
Ginseng occupies a prominent position in the list of best-selling natural products in the world. Because of its complex constituents, multidisciplinary techniques are needed to validate the analytical methods that support ginseng's use worldwide. In the past decade, rapid development of technology has advanced many aspects of ginseng research. The aim of this review is to illustrate the recent advances in the isolation and analysis of ginseng, and to highlight new applications and challenges. Emphasis is placed on recent trends and emerging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Wen Qi
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, The Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chong-Zhi Wang
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, The Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA
| | - Chun-Su Yuan
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, The Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA
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Yan G, Sun H, Sun W, Zhao L, Meng X, Wang X. Rapid and global detection and characterization of aconitum alkaloids in Yin Chen Si Ni Tang, a traditional Chinese medical formula, by ultra performance liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry and automated data analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 53:421-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2010] [Revised: 04/29/2010] [Accepted: 05/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ye X, Tang M, Chen L, Peng A, Ma L, Ye H. Rapid separation and identification of major constituents in Pseudolarix kaempferi by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray and quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2009; 23:3954-3962. [PMID: 19918938 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A rapid and reliable method based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with photodiode-array detection (PDA) and electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS) has been developed for separation and identification of major constituents in extracts of root bark of Pseudolarix kaempferi Gordon (PKG). Identification of the constituents was carried out by interpretation of their retention times, UV absorption spectra, MS and MS/MS spectra, as well as the data provided by authentic standards and literatures. A total of 20 components were separated in only 8.0 min on a small particle size C18 column (1.7 microm). These components included nine diterpene acids, seven glycosides and four triterpenoids, among which pseudolaric acid C-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside and pseudolaric acid C2-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside were separated and identified for the first time in this study. Furthermore, the fragmentation patterns of the three types of compounds were elucidated for the first time. This established UPLC-PDA/Q-TOF-MS/MS method is reliable and effective for the separation and identification of the 20 compounds and will be useful for quality control of the crude materials of Pseudolarix kaempferi Gordon and their related preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Keyuan Road 4, Gaopeng Street, Chengdu 610041, China
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