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Bober P, Talian I, Mihalik D, Verbová G, Sabo J. MALDI-TOF/MS Profiling of Whole Saliva and Gingival Crevicular Fluid in Patients with the Invisalign System and Fixed Orthodontic Appliances. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3252. [PMID: 36833947 PMCID: PMC9960105 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The movement of teeth by orthodontic treatment with the Invisalign (IN) system and fixed orthodontic appliances (FOA) is characterized by the reconstruction of periodontal ligaments, alveolar bone, and gingiva. A reflection of these phenomena can be found in the composition of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). A total of 90 samples from 45 participants (45 whole saliva and 45 GCF), including 15 patients with FOA, 15 patients with IN, and 15 patients with oral health, were subjected to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) analysis. Mass fingerprints were generated for each sample. Three models were tested: a quick classifier (QC), a genetic algorithm (GA), and a supervised neural network (SNN). For both groups of samples (saliva and GCF), the GA model showed the highest recognition abilities of 88.89% (saliva) and 95.56% (GCF). Differences between the treated (FOA and IN) groups and the control group in saliva and GCF samples were determined using cluster analysis. In addition, we monitored the effect of long-term orthodontic treatment (after 6 months) in the lag phase of orthodontic tooth movement. The results show increased levels of inflammatory markers (α-defensins), which may indicate an ongoing inflammatory process even after 21 days from force application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bober
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of P.J. Šafárik in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ivan Talian
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of P.J. Šafárik in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Dávid Mihalik
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of P.J. Šafárik in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Gabriela Verbová
- 1st Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of P.J. Šafárik in Košice, Trieda SNP1, 04011 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ján Sabo
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of P.J. Šafárik in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Košice, Slovakia
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Petrucca A, Santino I, Gentile G, Mazza D, Viglietta E, Iorio R, Simmaco M, Ferretti A, Borro M. Detection of α-defensin in synovial fluids by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry as an innovative and cost-effective assay for improved definition of periprosthetic joint infections. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8791. [PMID: 32212182 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Detection of α-defensins in synovial fluid is gaining more and more interest in the field of correct diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs). At present, they can be assessed by a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay which is expensive and time-consuming and by a qualitative lateral flow immunoassay which is rapid but quite expensive and whose clinical sensitivity is debated. Thus, developing an alternative rapid, accurate, and low-cost assay for α-defensins is important to make α-defensins actionable as novel key clinical markers. METHODS Synovial fluid (SF) samples were obtained from 18 patients undergoing revision of primary joint arthroplasty. Of these, eight met the 2013 Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) criteria for PJIs, the remaining were classified as aseptic failure. Microbiological analysis and Synovasure assays were carried out on all samples. Sample preparation and the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) settings were adjusted to detect human neutrophil peptide (HNP)-1, -2 and -3 and to obtain optimal results in term of sensitivity and stability. RESULTS MALDI-TOF MS was able to detect HNPs in SF from septic patients. No signals for HNPs were detected in SF from aseptic failure. The limits of detection (LOD) were 2.5 and 1.25 μg/mL for HNP-2 and HNP-1, respectively. The turnaround time of the analysis is 20 min, and SF samples are stable at -20°C for up to 3 days. Assay sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) were 100% for all parameters. On the same SF samples, the Synovasure assay showed lower sensitivity specificity, and PPV and NPV of 87.5%, 90%, 87.5% and 90%, respectively. Microbiological analysis of SF confirmed the presence of bacteria only in SF MSIS-positive patients. CONCLUSIONS The reported MALDI-TOF MS assay was able to detect and differentiate HNPs in SF samples and showed a slightly better diagnostic accuracy than the Synovasure assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Petrucca
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, via di Grottarossa 1035, Rome, 00185, Italy
- Sant'Andrea Hospital - Microbiology Unit, via di Grottarossa 1035, Rome, 00189, Italy
| | - Iolanda Santino
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, via di Grottarossa 1035, Rome, 00185, Italy
- Sant'Andrea Hospital - Microbiology Unit, via di Grottarossa 1035, Rome, 00189, Italy
| | - Giovanna Gentile
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, via di Grottarossa 1035, Rome, 00185, Italy
- Sant'Andrea Hospital, via di Grottarossa 1035, Rome, 00189, Italy
| | - Daniele Mazza
- Sant'Andrea Hospital - Orthopaedic Unit and Kirk Kilgour Sports Injury Centre, via di Grottarossa 1035, Rome, 00189, Italy
- Sapienza University of Rome, via di Grottarossa 1035, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Edoardo Viglietta
- Sant'Andrea Hospital - Orthopaedic Unit and Kirk Kilgour Sports Injury Centre, via di Grottarossa 1035, Rome, 00189, Italy
- Sapienza University of Rome, via di Grottarossa 1035, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Raffaele Iorio
- Sant'Andrea Hospital - Orthopaedic Unit and Kirk Kilgour Sports Injury Centre, via di Grottarossa 1035, Rome, 00189, Italy
- Sapienza University of Rome, via di Grottarossa 1035, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Maurizio Simmaco
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, via di Grottarossa 1035, Rome, 00185, Italy
- Sant'Andrea Hospital, via di Grottarossa 1035, Rome, 00189, Italy
| | - Andrea Ferretti
- Sant'Andrea Hospital - Orthopaedic Unit and Kirk Kilgour Sports Injury Centre, via di Grottarossa 1035, Rome, 00189, Italy
- Sapienza University of Rome, via di Grottarossa 1035, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Marina Borro
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, via di Grottarossa 1035, Rome, 00185, Italy
- Sant'Andrea Hospital, via di Grottarossa 1035, Rome, 00189, Italy
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Huang TL, Lo LH, Shiea J, Su H. Rapid and simple analysis of disease-associated biomarkers of Taiwanese patients with schizophrenia using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 473:75-81. [PMID: 28807542 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is an extremely sensitive analytical tool for characterizing biological compounds in bio samples. In this study, we applied MALDI-TOF MS to assess potential protein biomarkers in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with schizophrenia in the acute phase, recovery phase and healthy controls in Taiwan. METHODS We recruited 40 participants, including 20 pairs of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia in the acute phase, after four-week treatment with drug in the recovery phase, and 20 healthy controls. The schizophrenic patients were diagnosed using Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID), and severity was assessed by a positive and negative symptom scale at baseline and at endpoint following four-week treatment with drug. The patients' PBMCs biomarkers were rapidly measured using a technique that combines MALDI-TOF MS and principle component analysis. A receiver operating characteristic curve was created for the evaluated biomarker. RESULTS Significant differences in α-defensins 1-3 were found between the patients in acute phase with schizophrenia and the healthy controls, but not between the schizophrenic patients in recovery phase and healthy controls or between the schizophrenic patients in acute phase and in recovery phase. CONCLUSIONS α-Defensins can be biomarkers of Taiwanese patients with schizophrenia, thus supporting the hypothesis that the inflammatory response and immunity system is correlated with the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Moreover, the result also implies that α-defensins may be related in schizophrenia-associated disease not in efficacy of drug-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiao-Lai Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Genomic and Proteomic Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Hua Lo
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jentaie Shiea
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung Su
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Cho YT, Chen CW, Chen MP, Hu JL, Su H, Shiea J, Wu WJ, Wu DC. Diagnosis of albuminuria by tryptic digestion and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Clin Chim Acta 2013; 420:76-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Castagnola M, Cabras T, Iavarone F, Fanali C, Nemolato S, Peluso G, Bosello SL, Faa G, Ferraccioli G, Messana I. The human salivary proteome: a critical overview of the results obtained by different proteomic platforms. Expert Rev Proteomics 2012; 9:33-46. [PMID: 22292822 DOI: 10.1586/epr.11.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The development of new separation techniques and different mass spectrometry instrumental devices, as well as the great availability of specific reactants, offers ample choice to scientists for carrying out high-throughput proteomic studies and being competitive in the field today. However, the different options available often do not provide comparable results, which can be linked to factors such as the strategy adopted, the nature of the sample and the instrumental availability. In this critical review, the results obtained so far in the study of human saliva by different proteomic approaches will be compared and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Castagnola
- Istituto di Biochimica e di Biochimica Clinica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Cattolica, Largo F. Vito, 00168, Roma, Italy.
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