1
|
Sambolino A, Rodriguez M, la Fuente JD, Arbelo M, Fernández A, Kaufmann M, Cordeiro N, Dinis A. Optimization and validation of a micro-QuEChERS method for phthalates detection in small samples of cetacean blubber. MethodsX 2024; 12:102502. [PMID: 38162149 PMCID: PMC10755765 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2023.102502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, an innovative method was developed to detect and quantify phthalates in fresh cetacean blubber. An adaptation of the ammonium formate QuEChERS method was used and adapted as a micro-extraction for small quantities of samples. Significantly, this technique utilized minimal quantities of reagents and salts, with the additional implementation of rigorous Quality Assurance/Quality Control protocols to further reduce background contamination. To ensure the reliability of this method, comprehensive validation procedures were conducted, with a specific focus on two widely studied cetacean species: the common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) and the short-finned pilot whale (Globicephala macrorhynchus). Determination coefficients (R2) for matrix-matched calibration were >0.93 with limits of quantifications (LOQ) of the method in the range of 5-10 ng/g. Mean recovery values were between 40 and 100 %. This novel methodology holds particular relevance for environmental research studies, offering the capability to detect emerging contaminants with minimal sample requirements. This aspect is particularly valuable in investigations that involve free-ranging animals and rely on biopsy sampling. It allows for the assessment of contaminant levels in healthy individuals within wild populations, enhancing our understanding of ecological impacts and potential conservation measures.•A micro-extraction adaptation of the ammonium formate QuEChERS method was developed and applied to a small quantity of fresh cetacean blubber to detect phthalates.•Small quantities of reagents and salts were used, and additional Quality Assurance/ Quality Control procedures were taken to further minimize background contamination.•Method validation was carried out for two cosmopolitan and extensively studied cetacean species: the common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) and the short-finned pilot whale (Globicephala macrorhynchus).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Sambolino
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Regional Agency for the Development of Research, Technology and Innovation (ARDITI), Funchal, Portugal
- LB3, Faculty of Exact Science and Engineering, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Marta Rodriguez
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Regional Agency for the Development of Research, Technology and Innovation (ARDITI), Funchal, Portugal
- LB3, Faculty of Exact Science and Engineering, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Jesus De la Fuente
- Division of Histology and Animal Pathology, University Institute for Animal Health and Food Security (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Manuel Arbelo
- Division of Histology and Animal Pathology, University Institute for Animal Health and Food Security (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Antonio Fernández
- Division of Histology and Animal Pathology, University Institute for Animal Health and Food Security (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Manfred Kaufmann
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Nereida Cordeiro
- LB3, Faculty of Exact Science and Engineering, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Ana Dinis
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Regional Agency for the Development of Research, Technology and Innovation (ARDITI), Funchal, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tsikas D. Application of the Bland-Altman and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Approaches to Study Isotope Effects in Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Human Plasma, Serum and Urine Samples. Molecules 2024; 29:365. [PMID: 38257277 PMCID: PMC10818406 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The Bland-Altman approach is one of the most widely used mathematical approaches for method comparison and analytical agreement. This work describes, for the first time, the application of Bland-Altman to study 14N/15N and 1H/2H (D) chromatographic isotope effects of endogenous analytes of the L-arginine/nitric oxide pathway in human plasma, serum and urine samples in GC-MS. The investigated analytes included arginine, asymmetric dimethylarginine, dimethylamine, nitrite, nitrate and creatinine. There was a close correlation between the percentage difference of the retention times of the isotopologs of the Bland-Altman approach and the area under the curve (AUC) values of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) approach (r = 0.8619, p = 0.0047). The results of the study suggest that the chromatographic isotope effects in GC-MS result from differences in the interaction strengths of H/D isotopes in the derivatives with the hydrophobic stationary phase of the GC column. D atoms attenuate the interaction of the skeleton of the molecules with the lipophilic GC stationary phase. Differences in isotope effects in plasma or serum and urine in GC-MS are suggested to be due to a kind of matrix effect, and this remains to be investigated in forthcoming studies using Bland-Altman and ROC approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Tsikas
- Core Unit Proteomics, Institute of Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, 30623 Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nakamura K, Matsuyama S, Orihara Y, Hanari N. Improvement of the quantitativeness of the thermal desorption-GC/MS method and development of polystyrene certified reference material for the quantification of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 209) by using isotope dilution mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:407-417. [PMID: 37968382 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-05032-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
A polystyrene (PS) certified reference material (CRM) for the analysis of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 209) was issued. PS disk was prepared by injection molding of the mixture of versine PS and BDE 209. The certification of the PS CRM was conducted by two analytical methods with different sample preparation methods using isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS). The certified value, wCRM, was 978 mg/kg, and this value coincided with the regulation value of BDE 209 in the Restriction of Hazardous Substances directive (1000 mg/kg). The uncertainties related to certification, uwmean, inhomogeneity, uhom, and long- and short-term instability, usts and ults, respectively, were evaluated based on the mass fraction of BDE 209. The uwmean, uhom, usts, and ults were 0.0265, 0.0046, 0.0061, and 0.0099 (relative), respectively, and the expanded uncertainty for this CRM was determined as 57 mg/kg (coverage factor is 2). Additionally, the quantitative capability of the thermal desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TD-GC/MS) method was evaluated. In TD-GC/MS, the analytical values of the developed CRM obtained by the external and internal standard methods with matrix-free calibrants were out of the range of the wCRM (almost 10% larger or smaller), whereas those with matrix-matched calibrants agreed with the wCRM. In contrast to these results, the analytical values obtained by TD-GC/MS using IDMS were consistent with the wCRM no matter if matrix-free or matrix-matched calibrants were used. These results indicated that, for quantification of BDE 209 in PS, the trueness and precision of TD-GC/MS can be enhanced by applying IDMS without matrix-matched calibrants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Nakamura
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 3, 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8563, Japan.
| | - Shigetomo Matsuyama
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 3, 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8563, Japan
| | - Yukari Orihara
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 3, 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8563, Japan
| | - Nobuyasu Hanari
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 3, 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8563, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Williams ML, Olomukoro AA, Emmons RV, Godage NH, Gionfriddo E. Matrix effects demystified: Strategies for resolving challenges in analytical separations of complex samples. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300571. [PMID: 37897324 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Matrix effects can significantly impede the accuracy, sensitivity, and reliability of separation techniques presenting a formidable challenge to the analytical process. It is crucial to address matrix effects to achieve accurate and precise measurements in complex matrices. The multifaceted nature of matrix effects which can be influenced by factors such as target analyte, sample preparation protocol, composition, and choice of instrument necessitates a pragmatic approach when analyzing complex matrices. This review aims to highlight common challenges associated with matrix effects throughout the entire analytical process with emphasis on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and sample preparation techniques. These techniques are susceptible to matrix effects that could lead to ion suppression/enhancement or impact the analyte signal at various stages of the analytical workflow. The assessment, quantification, and mitigation of matrix effects are necessary in developing any analytical method. Strategies can be implemented to reduce or eliminate the matrix effect by changing the type of ionization, improving extraction and clean-up methods, optimization of chromatography conditions, and corrective calibration methods. While development of an effective strategy to completely mitigate matrix effects remains elusive, an integrated approach that combines sample preparation, analytical extraction, and effective instrumental analysis remains the most promising avenue for identifying and resolving matrix effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madison L Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
- Dr. Nina McClelland Laboratory for Water Chemistry and Environmental Analysis, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Aghogho Abigail Olomukoro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
- Dr. Nina McClelland Laboratory for Water Chemistry and Environmental Analysis, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Ronald V Emmons
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
- Dr. Nina McClelland Laboratory for Water Chemistry and Environmental Analysis, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Nipunika H Godage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
- Dr. Nina McClelland Laboratory for Water Chemistry and Environmental Analysis, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Emanuela Gionfriddo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
- Dr. Nina McClelland Laboratory for Water Chemistry and Environmental Analysis, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
- School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ivanova B, Spiteller M. Stochastic dynamic ultraviolet photofragmentation and high collision energy dissociation mass spectrometric kinetics of triadimenol and sucralose. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:32348-32370. [PMID: 36462070 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24259-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The major goal of the paper is to provide empirical proof of view that innovative stochastic dynamic mass spectrometric equation D″SD = 2.6388·10-17·(< I2 > - < I > 2) determines the exact analyte concentration in solution via quantifying experimental variable intensity (I) of an analyte ion per any short span of scan time of any measurement, which also appears applicable to quantify laser-induced ultraviolet photofragmentation and high energy collision dissociation mass spectrometric processes. Triadimenol (1) and sucralose (2) using positive and negative polarity are examined. Laser irradiation energy λex = 213 nm is utilized. The issue is of central importance for monitoring organic micro-pollutants in surface, ground, and drinking water as well as tasks of risk assessment for environment and human health from contamination with organics. Despite the significant importance of the topic, answering the question of functional kinetic relations of such processes is by no means straightforward, so far, due to a lack of in-depth knowledge of mechanistic aspects of fragment paths of analytes in environment and foods as well as kinetics of processes under ultraviolet laser irradiation. Although there is truth in the classical theory of first-order reaction kinetics, it does not describe all kinetic data on analytes (1) and (2). A new damped sine wave functional response to a large amount of kinetics is presented. High-resolution mass spectrometric data and chemometrics are used. The study provides empirical evidence for claim that temporal behavior of mass spectrometric variable intensity under negative polarity obeys a certain scientific law written by means of equation above. It is the same for positive and negative soft-ionization mass spectrometric conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bojidarka Ivanova
- Lehrstuhl Für Analytische Chemie, Institut Für Umweltforschung, Fakultät Für Chemie Und Chemische Biologie, Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44221, Dortmund, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany.
| | - Michael Spiteller
- Lehrstuhl Für Analytische Chemie, Institut Für Umweltforschung, Fakultät Für Chemie Und Chemische Biologie, Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44221, Dortmund, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fukatsu K, Tsuchiyama T, Taniguchi M, Niwa K, Sugiura J, Miyazaki H. Internal Quality Control of Residual Pesticides Analysis Using Multiple Stable Isotope Labeled Compounds. FOOD HYGIENE AND SAFETY SCIENCE (SHOKUHIN EISEIGAKU ZASSHI) 2022; 63:163-168. [DOI: 10.3358/shokueishi.63.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jun Sugiura
- Nagoya City Public Health Research Institute
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nasiri A, Jahani R, Mokhtari S, Yazdanpanah H, Daraei B, Faizi M, Kobarfard F. Overview, consequences, and strategies for overcoming matrix effects in LC-MS analysis: a critical review. Analyst 2021; 146:6049-6063. [PMID: 34546235 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01047f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) technique is widely applied to routine analysis in many matrices. Despite the enormous application of LC/MS, this technique is subjected to drawbacks called matrix effects (MEs) that could lead to ion suppression or ion enhancement. This phenomenon can exert a deleterious impact on the ionization efficacy of an analyte and subsequently on the important method performance parameters. LC-MS susceptibility to MEs is the main challenge of this technique in the analysis of complex matrices such as biological and food samples. Nowadays, the assessment, estimation, and overcoming of the MEs before developing a method is mandatory in any analysis. Two main approaches including the post-column infusion and post-extraction spike are proposed to determine the degree of MEs. Different strategies can be adopted to reduce or eliminate MEs depending on the complexity of the matrix. This could be done by improving extraction and clean-up methods, changing the type of ionization employed, optimization of liquid chromatography conditions, and using corrective calibration methods. This review article will provide an overview of the MEs as the Achilles heel of the LC-MS technique, the causes of ME occurrence, their consequences, and systemic approaches towards overcoming MEs during LC-MS-based multi-analyte procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Nasiri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Food Safety Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Jahani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaya Mokhtari
- Central Research Laboratories, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Yazdanpanah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Food Safety Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Daraei
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Faizi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Kobarfard
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Central Research Laboratories, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Han C, Hu B, Li Z, Liu C, Wang N, Fu C, Shen Y. Determination of Fipronil and Four Metabolites in Foodstuffs of Animal Origin Using a Modified QuEChERS Method and GC–NCI–MS/MS. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-020-01872-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
9
|
Determination of anthraquinone in tea by stable isotope dilution assay-gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-2919-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
10
|
Ju H, Kim B, Kim J, Baek SY. Development of candidate reference method for accurate determination of four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in olive oil via gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry using 13C-labeled internal standards. Food Chem 2020; 309:125639. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
11
|
Rutkowska E, Łozowicka B, Kaczyński P. Three approaches to minimize matrix effects in residue analysis of multiclass pesticides in dried complex matrices using gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2018; 279:20-29. [PMID: 30611480 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.11.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper discusses one of the major concerns in pesticide residue analysis: the matrix effect related to gas chromatography (GC), which can adversely affect quantification. In this study, a comparison of approaches for dealing with the matrix effect was investigated for 236 pesticides in complex matrices, including dried herbs (Centaurea cyanus L., Matricaria chamomilla L., Thymus vulgaris L.) and dried fruit (currants, chokeberry), using a modified QuEChERS method and GC-MS/MS analysis. Three approaches were evaluated: (i) using matrix-matched calibration, (ii) adding a mixture of analyte protectants (APs) to every extract or (iii) injection prior to GC-MS/MS analysis. Finally, minimization of the matrix effect to the acceptable levels of -20 to 20% for over 80% of investigated pesticides was found when APs mixture was injected at the beginning of the sequence. In this approach, the matrix effects were significantly weaker for some pesticides than when matrix-matched calibration was used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Rutkowska
- Plant Protection Institute - National Research Institute, Laboratory of Pesticide Residues, Chełmońskiego 22, Postal code: 15-195, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Bożena Łozowicka
- Plant Protection Institute - National Research Institute, Laboratory of Pesticide Residues, Chełmońskiego 22, Postal code: 15-195, Białystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Kaczyński
- Plant Protection Institute - National Research Institute, Laboratory of Pesticide Residues, Chełmońskiego 22, Postal code: 15-195, Białystok, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tsuchiyama T, Katsuhara M, Nakajima M. Compensation of matrix effects in gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of pesticides using a combination of matrix matching and multiple isotopically labeled internal standards. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1524:233-245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
13
|
Chatterjee NS, Utture S, Banerjee K, Ahammed Shabeer T, Kamble N, Mathew S, Ashok Kumar K. Multiresidue analysis of multiclass pesticides and polyaromatic hydrocarbons in fatty fish by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and evaluation of matrix effect. Food Chem 2016; 196:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
14
|
Panuwet P, Hunter RE, D’Souza PE, Chen X, Radford SA, Cohen JR, Marder ME, Kartavenka K, Ryan PB, Barr DB. Biological Matrix Effects in Quantitative Tandem Mass Spectrometry-Based Analytical Methods: Advancing Biomonitoring. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2016; 46:93-105. [PMID: 25562585 PMCID: PMC4695332 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2014.980775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The ability to quantify levels of target analytes in biological samples accurately and precisely in biomonitoring involves the use of highly sensitive and selective instrumentation such as tandem mass spectrometers and a thorough understanding of highly variable matrix effects. Typically, matrix effects are caused by co-eluting matrix components that alter the ionization of target analytes as well as the chromatographic response of target analytes, leading to reduced or increased sensitivity of the analysis. Thus, before the desired accuracy and precision standards of laboratory data are achieved, these effects must be characterized and controlled. Here we present our review and observations of matrix effects encountered during the validation and implementation of tandem mass spectrometry-based analytical methods. We also provide systematic, comprehensive laboratory strategies needed to control challenges posed by matrix effects in order to ensure delivery of the most accurate data for biomonitoring studies assessing exposure to environmental toxicants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parinya Panuwet
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322 USA
| | - Ronald E. Hunter
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322 USA
- ORISE, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, 30341 USA
| | - Priya E. D’Souza
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322 USA
| | - Xianyu Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322 USA
| | - Samantha A. Radford
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322 USA
| | - Jordan R. Cohen
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322 USA
| | - M. Elizabeth Marder
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322 USA
| | - Kostya Kartavenka
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322 USA
| | - P. Barry Ryan
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322 USA
| | - Dana Boyd Barr
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322 USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Han JL, Fang P, Xu XM, Li-Zheng XJ, Shen HT, Ren YP. Study of the pesticides distribution in peel, pulp and paper bag and the safety of pear bagging. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
16
|
Yarita T, Aoyagi Y, Otake T. Evaluation of the impact of matrix effect on quantification of pesticides in foods by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using isotope-labeled internal standards. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1396:109-16. [PMID: 25892640 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The impact of the matrix effect in GC-MS quantification of pesticides in food using the corresponding isotope-labeled internal standards was evaluated. A spike-and-recovery study of nine target pesticides was first conducted using paste samples of corn, green soybean, carrot, and pumpkin. The observed analytical values using isotope-labeled internal standards were more accurate for most target pesticides than that obtained using the external calibration method, but were still biased from the spiked concentrations when a matrix-free calibration solution was used for calibration. The respective calibration curves for each target pesticide were also prepared using matrix-free calibration solutions and matrix-matched calibration solutions with blank soybean extract. The intensity ratio of the peaks of most target pesticides to that of the corresponding isotope-labeled internal standards was influenced by the presence of the matrix in the calibration solution; therefore, the observed slope varied. The ratio was also influenced by the type of injection method (splitless or on-column). These results indicated that matrix-matching of the calibration solution is required for very accurate quantification, even if isotope-labeled internal standards were used for calibration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yarita
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 3, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan.
| | - Yoshie Aoyagi
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 3, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Otake
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 3, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
A novel dispersive micro solid phase extraction using PCX as the sorbent for the determination of melamine and cyromazine in milk and milk powder by UHPLC-HRMS/MS. Talanta 2015; 134:144-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
18
|
Shen Y, Hu B, Chen X, Miao Q, Wang C, Zhu Z, Han C. Determination of four flavorings in infant formula by solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:10881-10888. [PMID: 25338226 DOI: 10.1021/jf5013083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Increasing attention has been focused on the artificial flavorings added in foods, especially those for infants and children. For the first time, a sensitive and efficient analytical method based on gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) was developed for the simultaneous identification and quantification of four flavoring agents (vanillin, methylvanillin, ethylvanillin, and coumarin) in infant formula samples. The flavorings in samples were extracted with methanol/water (v/v, 1:1), cleaned up by solid-phase extraction, and determined by GC-MS/MS in selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode. Both isotope-labeled internal standards and matrix-matched calibration solutions were used to correct the matrix effects. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was calculated as 10 times the standard deviation, and it was 10.0 μg kg (-1) for vanillin, methylvanillin, ethylvanillin, and coumarin. The average recoveries were in the range of 82.8-107.5% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) below 8.9% measured at three concentration levels (10, 50, and 100 μg kg(-1)). The proposed method is suitable for the sensitive and accurate simultaneous determination of four flavoring agents in infant formula samples and also provided potential use for reference in terms of real analysis of other foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University , Wenzhou 325035, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang X, Luo F, Lou Z, Lu M, Chen Z. Simultaneous and enantioselective determination of cis-epoxiconazole and indoxacarb residues in various teas, tea infusion and soil samples by chiral high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1359:212-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
20
|
González O, Blanco ME, Iriarte G, Bartolomé L, Maguregui MI, Alonso RM. Bioanalytical chromatographic method validation according to current regulations, with a special focus on the non-well defined parameters limit of quantification, robustness and matrix effect. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1353:10-27. [PMID: 24794936 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.03.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Method validation is a mandatory step in bioanalysis, to evaluate the ability of developed methods in providing reliable results for their routine application. Even if some organisations have developed guidelines to define the different parameters to be included in method validation (FDA, EMA); there are still some ambiguous concepts in validation criteria and methodology that need to be clarified. The methodology to calculate fundamental parameters such as the limit of quantification has been defined in several ways without reaching a harmonised definition, which can lead to very different values depending on the applied criterion. Other parameters such as robustness or ruggedness are usually omitted and when defined there is not an established approach to evaluate them. Especially significant is the case of the matrix effect evaluation which is one of the most critical points to be studied in LC-MS methods but has been traditionally overlooked. Due to the increasing importance of bioanalysis this scenario is no longer acceptable and harmonised criteria involving all the concerned parties should be arisen. The objective of this review is thus to discuss and highlight several essential aspects of method validation, focused in bioanalysis. The overall validation process including common validation parameters (selectivity, linearity range, precision, accuracy, stability…) will be reviewed. Furthermore, the most controversial parameters (limit of quantification, robustness and matrix effect) will be carefully studied and the definitions and methodology proposed by the different regulatory bodies will be compared. This review aims to clarify the methodology to be followed in bioanalytical method validation, facilitating this time consuming step.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oskar González
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Science and Technology Faculty, the Basque Country University/EHU, P.O. Box 644, Bilbao, Basque Country 48080, Spain; Analytical Bioscience Division, LACDR, Leiden University Einsteinsweg 55, CC Leiden 2333, Netherlands
| | - María Encarnación Blanco
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Science and Technology Faculty, the Basque Country University/EHU, P.O. Box 644, Bilbao, Basque Country 48080, Spain
| | - Gorka Iriarte
- Laboratory of Public Health of Alava, (Public Health and Addictions Directorate, Basque Government), Santiago 11, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01002, Basque Country
| | - Luis Bartolomé
- Central Analytical Service (SGIker), Science and Technology Faculty, the Basque Country University/EHU, P.O. Box 644, Bilbao, Basque Country 48080 Spain
| | - Miren Itxaso Maguregui
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Science and Technology Faculty, the Basque Country University/EHU, P.O. Box 644, Bilbao, Basque Country 48080, Spain
| | - Rosa M Alonso
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Science and Technology Faculty, the Basque Country University/EHU, P.O. Box 644, Bilbao, Basque Country 48080, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
The latest developments and applications of mass spectrometry in food-safety and quality analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
22
|
Li X, Zhang Z, Li P, Zhang Q, Zhang W, Ding X. Determination for major chemical contaminants in tea (Camellia sinensis) matrices: A review. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2012.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
23
|
Ivanova B, Spiteller M. A novel UV-MALDI-MS analytical approach for determination of halogenated phenyl-containing pesticides. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 91:86-95. [PMID: 23453143 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2012] [Revised: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The paper highlighted the capability of the UV-MALDI mass spectrometry, employing the Orbitrap analyzer for solid-state assay of halogenated phenyl-pesticides in mixtures. It is successfully applied for the analysis of eighteen (1)-(18) molecular objects of Fenarimol (1) type and their condensation products (P5)-(P12). The full method and technique validation is performed using the dried droplet sample preparation technique on embedded analytes in novel organic matrix crystals of N-(1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-guanidine (M4) and (E)-phenyl-2-pyridyl ketone oxime (M5), resulting to successful ionization of the analytes. Since the sampling technique in the UV-MALDI method is a key step in the overall process impacting significantly the metrology through the reproducibility of the data, the crystallization of M4, M5 and matrix-analyte in situ morphology of the samples is controlled by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The achieved promising metrology of LODs, of 0.46ngkg(-1) (1.53ngkg(-1) LOQs), is several orders of magnitude lower than the reported ecotoxicological effect values of studied pesticides. It is confirmed by the partial validated protocol based on ESI-MS. Inasmuch that LC-MS/MS is a method of choice for foodstuffs monitoring of organic contaminations, due to its routine quantitative analytical procedures, it is often characterized with the difficulties of the chromatographic separation of the closely structured analytes at a large scale of experimental conditions, complex multi-step sampling pretreatments, which inevitably alert the variables through the systematic and random errors. In this respect, notwithstanding the complex quantitative UV-MALDI-Orbitrap-MS procedure, conceptually different from the LC-MS/MS one, its high resolving power, capability for achieving meaningful analytical qualitative, quantitative and structural information of low-molecular weight analytes, its instrumental and sampling operation flexibility, applicable for a large scale of foodstuff matrices, and operating at the analyte concentrations of up to fgg(-1) make UV-MALDI-Orbitrap-MS a perspective method of choice for an extensive implementation in the foodstuffs monitoring practice for control of the most essential task related to the assessment of the human health risks from environmental and foodstuff contaminations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bojidarka Ivanova
- Lehrstuhl für Analytische Chemie, Institut für Umweltforschung, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Deutschland, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Andreu V, Picó Y. Determination of currently used pesticides in biota. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 404:2659-81. [PMID: 22918537 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6331-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Although pesticides enable control of the quantity and quality of farm products and food, and help to limit diseases in humans transmitted by insects and rodents, they are regarded as among the most dangerous environmental contaminants because of their tendency to bioaccumulate, and their mobility and long-term effects on living organisms. In the past decade, more analytical methods for accurate identification and quantitative determination of traces of pesticides in biota have been developed to improve our understanding of their risk to ecosystems and humans. Because sample preparation is often the rate-determining step in analysis of pesticides in biological samples, this review first discusses extraction and clean-up procedures, after a brief introduction to the classes, and the methods used in the analysis of pesticides in biota. The analytical methods, especially chromatographic techniques and immunoassay-based methods, are reviewed in detail, and their corresponding advantages, limitations, applications, and prospects are also discussed. This review mainly covers reports published since 2008 on methods for analysis of currently used pesticides in biota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Andreu
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación -CIDE, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|