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Baker KH, Miller H, Doherty S, Gray HWI, Daujat J, Çakırlar C, Spassov N, Trantalidou K, Madgwick R, Lamb AL, Ameen C, Atici L, Baker P, Beglane F, Benkert H, Bendrey R, Binois-Roman A, Carden RF, Curci A, De Cupere B, Detry C, Gál E, Genies C, Kunst GK, Liddiard R, Nicholson R, Perdikaris S, Peters J, Pigière F, Pluskowski AG, Sadler P, Sicard S, Strid L, Sudds J, Symmons R, Tardio K, Valenzuela A, van Veen M, Vuković S, Weinstock J, Wilkens B, Wilson RJA, Evans JA, Hoelzel AR, Sykes N. The 10,000-year biocultural history of fallow deer and its implications for conservation policy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2310051121. [PMID: 38346198 PMCID: PMC10895352 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2310051121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the last 10,000 y, humans have manipulated fallow deer populations with varying outcomes. Persian fallow deer (Dama mesopotamica) are now endangered. European fallow deer (Dama dama) are globally widespread and are simultaneously considered wild, domestic, endangered, invasive and are even the national animal of Barbuda and Antigua. Despite their close association with people, there is no consensus regarding their natural ranges or the timing and circumstances of their human-mediated translocations and extirpations. Our mitochondrial analyses of modern and archaeological specimens revealed two distinct clades of European fallow deer present in Anatolia and the Balkans. Zooarchaeological evidence suggests these regions were their sole glacial refugia. By combining biomolecular analyses with archaeological and textual evidence, we chart the declining distribution of Persian fallow deer and demonstrate that humans repeatedly translocated European fallow deer, sourced from the most geographically distant populations. Deer taken to Neolithic Chios and Rhodes derived not from nearby Anatolia, but from the Balkans. Though fallow deer were translocated throughout the Mediterranean as part of their association with the Greco-Roman goddesses Artemis and Diana, deer taken to Roman Mallorca were not locally available Dama dama, but Dama mesopotamica. Romans also initially introduced fallow deer to Northern Europe but the species became extinct and was reintroduced in the medieval period, this time from Anatolia. European colonial powers then transported deer populations across the globe. The biocultural histories of fallow deer challenge preconceptions about the divisions between wild and domestic species and provide information that should underpin modern management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karis H. Baker
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, DurhamDH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Holly Miller
- Department of Classics and Archaeology, University of Nottingham, NottinghamNG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Sean Doherty
- Department of Archaeology and History, University of Exeter, ExeterEX4 4QE, United Kingdom
| | - Howard W. I. Gray
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, DurhamDH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Daujat
- Department of Classics and Archaeology, University of Nottingham, NottinghamNG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Canan Çakırlar
- Groningen Institute of Archaeology, University of Groningen, Groningen9712 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Nikolai Spassov
- Department of Paleontology, National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia1000, Bulgaria
| | - Katerina Trantalidou
- Ephorate for Palaeoanthropology-Speleology, Hellenic Ministry of Culture, Athens106 82, Greece
| | - Richard Madgwick
- School of History, Archaeology and Religion, Cardiff University, CardiffCF10 3EU, United Kingdom
| | - Angela L. Lamb
- National Environmental Isotope Facility, British Geological Survey, NottinghamNG12 5GG, United Kingdom
| | - Carly Ameen
- Department of Archaeology and History, University of Exeter, ExeterEX4 4QE, United Kingdom
| | - Levent Atici
- Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV89154
| | | | - Fiona Beglane
- Centre for Environmental Research Innovation and Sustainability, Atlantic Technological University, Sligo F91 YW50, Ireland
| | - Helene Benkert
- Department of Archaeology and History, University of Exeter, ExeterEX4 4QE, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Bendrey
- School of History, Classics and Archaeology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, United Kingdom
| | - Annelise Binois-Roman
- School of Art History and Archaeology, University of Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, Paris75006, France
| | - Ruth F. Carden
- School of Archaeology, University College Dublin, DublinD04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Antonio Curci
- Department of History and Cultures, University of Bologna, Bologna40124, Italy
| | - Bea De Cupere
- Operational Directorate Earth and History of Life, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels1000, Belgium
| | - Cleia Detry
- Center of Archaeology of the University of Lisbon, Department of History, School of Arts and Humanities of the University of Lisbon, Alameda da Universidade, Lisboa1600-214, Portugal
| | - Erika Gál
- Institute of Archaeology, HUN-REN Research Centre for the Humanities, Budapest1097, Hungary
| | - Chloé Genies
- Bureau d’études, Éveha, Saint-Avertin, Tour37550, France
| | - Günther K. Kunst
- Vienna Institute for Archaeological Science, Research Network Human Evolution and Archaeological Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna1090, Austria
| | - Robert Liddiard
- School of History, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NorwichNR4 7TJX, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sophia Perdikaris
- School of Global Integrative Studies, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE68588
| | - Joris Peters
- Institute of Palaeoanatomy, Domestication Research and the History of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich80539, Germany
- Bavarian Natural History Collections, State Collection of Palaeoanatomy Munich, Munich80333, Germany
| | - Fabienne Pigière
- Department of Geography, Royal Holloway, University of London, EghamTW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | | | - Peta Sadler
- Independent Researcher, Buckinghamshire, Greater MissendenHP16 0LF, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Sicard
- Département de la Charente, Angouleme Cedex 91616917, France
| | - Lena Strid
- Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, Lund University, Lund223 62, Sweden
| | - Jack Sudds
- Department of Archaeology and History, University of Exeter, ExeterEX4 4QE, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Symmons
- Fishbourne Roman Palace, ChichesterPO19 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Tardio
- Department of Classics and Ancient Mediterranean Studies, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA17837
| | - Alejandro Valenzuela
- Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies, Ecology and Evolution, Miquel Marquès Street, Esporles, Illes Balears2107190, Spain
| | - Monique van Veen
- Department of Archaeology, Municipality of The Hague, Den Haag2500 DP, The Netherlands
| | - Sonja Vuković
- Laboratory for Bioarchaeology, Archaeology Department, University of Belgrade, Belgrade11000, Serbia
| | - Jaco Weinstock
- Department of Archaeology, University of Southampton, School of Humanities, SouthamptonSO171BF, United Kingdom
| | | | - Roger J. A. Wilson
- Department of Ancient Mediterranean and Near Eastern Studies, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Jane A. Evans
- National Environmental Isotope Facility, British Geological Survey, NottinghamNG12 5GG, United Kingdom
| | - A. Rus Hoelzel
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, DurhamDH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Naomi Sykes
- Department of Archaeology and History, University of Exeter, ExeterEX4 4QE, United Kingdom
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Lehn C, Rossmann A, Mayr C. Stable isotope relationships between apatite phosphate (δ 18 O), structural carbonate (δ 18 O, δ 13 C), and collagen (δ 2 H, δ 13 C, δ 15 N, δ 34 S) in modern human dentine. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8674. [PMID: 31769096 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The use of multi-isotopic analysis (δ2 H, δ13 C, δ15 N, δ18 O, and δ34 S values) of modern human body tissues for provenancing of unknown individuals in forensics is increasing. Tooth dentine develops during childhood and adolescence, therefore providing geographical information from that period of life. Tooth apatite δ18 O values are commonly used for the reconstruction of drinking water values, and H-C-N-S isotope ratios in collagen supply additional information about the composition of diet. We tested if dentine collagen δ2 H values provide similar information to apatite δ18 O values with a proof-of-concept study. METHODS Tooth samples were taken from modern-day individuals born in different regions of the world. Apatite and collagen were prepared from dentine. Stable isotope analyses were performed on apatite phosphate oxygen (δ18 Ophos ); oxygen and carbon of the structural carbonate (δ18 Ocarb , δ13 Ccarb ); and hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur of the collagen (δ2 Hcoll, δ13 Ccoll , δ15 N, δ34 S). RESULTS δ18 Ophos , δ18 Ocarb , and δ2 Hcoll values are highly correlated in modern human dentine. There are significant relationships of δ18 O values in the apatite fraction and δ2 H values in the collagen fraction with local δ18 O and δ2 H precipitation values, respectively. Pearson correlation coefficients indicate no direct relationship between δ15 N values and the isotope ratios of any other element. Weak relationships exist between collagen δ34 S values and δ18 Ocarb or δ18 Ophos values. CONCLUSIONS The highly significant correlation of δ18 Ophos , δ18 Ocarb , and δ2 Hcoll values in the modern human dentine implies that measurement of δ2 H values in collagen or δ18 O values in bioapatite will provide reliable information about the climate at the person's whereabouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Lehn
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Rossmann
- Isolab Gmbh, Laboratory for Stable Isotope Analytics, Schweitenkirchen, Germany
| | - Christoph Mayr
- Institute of Geography, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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