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Miller LM, Hawkins L, Jarrold MF. Compaction, Relaxation, and Linearization of Megadalton-Sized DNA Plasmids: DNA Structures Probed by CD-MS. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024; 35:1969-1975. [PMID: 39013154 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.4c00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
High purity plasmid DNA is a raw material for recombinant protein production as well as an active ingredient in DNA vaccines. There are four primary plasmid structures that can be observed in a typical plasmid formulation: supercoiled, relaxed (circular), linearized, and condensed. Determining what structures are present in a sample is important, as the structure can affect activity; the supercoiled structure has the highest activity, and >90% supercoiled is desired for industry standards. Recently, charge detection mass spectrometry (CD-MS) was used to distinguish two of the structures, supercoiled and condensed, by measuring the charge deposited on the ions by positive mode electrospray. Here, CD-MS is used to probe the structures of DNA plasmids during compaction with polycations, and through enzymatic treatment to relax and linearize plasmids. We find that all four structural types for plasmid DNA have unique charging profiles that can be distinguished using CD-MS. The extent of mechanical shearing of the DNA plasmids during electrospray is strongly influenced by the structural type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lohra M Miller
- Chemistry Department, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Luke Hawkins
- Chemistry Department, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Martin F Jarrold
- Chemistry Department, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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2
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Jarrold MF. Single-Ion Mass Spectrometry for Heterogeneous and High Molecular Weight Samples. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5749-5758. [PMID: 38394699 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
In charge detection mass spectrometry (CD-MS) the mass of each individual ion is determined from the measurement of its mass to charge ratio (m/z) and charge. Performing this measurement for thousands of ions allows mass distributions to be measured for heterogeneous and high mass samples that cannot be analyzed by conventional mass spectrometry (MS). CD-MS opens the door to accurate mass measurements for samples into the giga-Dalton regime, vastly expanding the reach of MS and allowing mass distributions to be determined for viruses, gene therapies, and vaccines. Following the success of CD-MS, single-ion mass measurements have recently been performed on an Orbitrap. CD-MS and Orbitrap individual ion mass spectrometry (I2MS) are described. Illustrative examples are provided, and the prospects for higher resolution measurements discussed. In the case of CD-MS, computer simulations indicate that much higher resolving powers are within reach. The ability to perform high-resolution CD-MS analysis of heterogeneous samples will be enabling and disruptive in top-down MS as high-resolution m/z and accurate charge measurements will allow very complex m/z spectra to be unraveled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin F Jarrold
- Chemistry Department, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
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3
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Botamanenko DY, Reitenbach DW, Miller LM, Jarrold MF. Electrostatic Linear Ion Trap Optimization Strategy for High Resolution Charge Detection Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:1731-1740. [PMID: 37466262 PMCID: PMC10842736 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Single ion mass measurements allow mass distributions to be recorded for heterogeneous samples that cannot be analyzed by conventional mass spectrometry. In charge detection mass spectrometry (CD-MS), ions are detected using a conducting cylinder coupled to a charge sensitive amplifier. For optimum performance, the detection cylinder is embedded in an electrostatic linear ion trap (ELIT) where trapped ions oscillate between end-caps that act as opposing ion mirrors. The oscillating ions generate a periodic signal that is analyzed by fast Fourier transforms. The frequency yields the m/z, and the magnitude provides the charge. With a charge precision of 0.2 elementary charges, ions can be assigned to their correct charge states with a low error rate, and the m/z resolving power determines the mass resolving power. Previously, the best mass resolving power achieved with CD-MS was 300. We have recently increased the mass resolving power to 700, through the better optimization of the end-cap potentials. To make a more dramatic improvement in the m/z resolving power, it is necessary to find an ELIT geometry and end-cap potentials that can simultaneously make the ion oscillation frequency independent of both the ion energy and ion trajectory (angular divergence and radial offset) of the entering ion. We describe an optimization strategy that allows these conditions to be met while also adjusting the signal duty cycle to 50% to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio for the charge measurement. The optimized ELIT provides an m/z resolving power of over 300 000 in simulations. Coupled with the high precision charge determination available with CD-MS, this will yield a mass resolving power of 300 000. Such a high mass resolving power will be transformative for the analysis of heterogeneous samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Y Botamanenko
- Chemistry Department, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
- Megadalton Solutions Inc., 3750 E Bluebird Lane, Bloomington, Indiana 47401
| | - David W Reitenbach
- Chemistry Department, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
| | - Lohra M Miller
- Chemistry Department, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
| | - Martin F Jarrold
- Chemistry Department, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
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4
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Miller LM, Jarrold MF. Charge detection mass spectrometry for the analysis of viruses and virus-like particles. Essays Biochem 2023; 67:315-323. [PMID: 36062529 PMCID: PMC10842916 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20220101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneity usually restricts conventional mass spectrometry to molecular weights less than around a megadalton. As a single-particle technique, charge detection mass spectrometry (CDMS) overcomes this limitation. In CDMS, the mass-to-charge (m/z) ratio and charge are measured simultaneously for individual ions, giving a direct mass measurement for each ion. Recent applications include the analysis of viruses, virus-like particles, vaccines, heavily glycosylated proteins, and gene therapy vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lohra M Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E Kirkwood Ave, Bloomington 47401, Indiana
| | - Martin F Jarrold
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E Kirkwood Ave, Bloomington 47401, Indiana
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5
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Jarrold MF. Charge Detection Mass Spectrometry: Analysis of Gene Therapy Vectors. LCGC NORTH AMERICA 2022. [DOI: 10.56530/lcgc.na.wh5987h4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Conventional mass spectrometry is limited by heterogeneity to relatively small molecular weights from a biologics perspective. Charge detection mass spectrometry—where masses of individual ions are directly measured—overcomes this limitation and allows measurements into the gigadalton (GDa) range. An important application of this emerging technology is the analysis of gene therapy vectors. Their large size and complexity present analytical challenges that must be addressed for this promising therapeutic approach to reach its full potential.
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Harper CC, Miller ZM, Lee H, Bischoff AJ, Francis MB, Schaffer DV, Williams ER. Effects of Molecular Size on Resolution in Charge Detection Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2022; 94:11703-11712. [PMID: 35961005 PMCID: PMC10389281 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Instrumental resolution of Fourier transform-charge detection mass spectrometry instruments with electrostatic ion trap detection of individual ions depends on the precision with which ion energy is determined. Energy can be selected using ion optic filters or from harmonic amplitude ratios (HARs) that provide Fellgett's advantage and eliminate the necessity of ion transmission loss to improve resolution. Unlike the ion energy-filtering method, the resolution of the HAR method increases with charge (improved S/N) and thus with mass. An analysis of the HAR method with current instrumentation indicates that higher resolution can be obtained with the HAR method than the best resolution demonstrated for instruments with energy-selective optics for ions in the low MDa range and above. However, this gain is typically unrealized because the resolution obtainable with molecular systems in this mass range is limited by sample heterogeneity. This phenomenon is illustrated with both tobacco mosaic virus (0.6-2.7 MDa) and AAV9 (3.7-4.7 MDa) samples where mass spectral resolution is limited by the sample, including salt adducts, and not by instrument resolution. Nevertheless, the ratio of full to empty AAV9 capsids and the included genome mass can be accurately obtained in a few minutes from 1× PBS buffer solution and an elution buffer containing 300+ mM nonvolatile content despite extensive adduction and lower resolution. Empty and full capsids adduct similarly indicating that salts encrust the complexes during late stages of droplet evaporation and that mass shifts can be calibrated in order to obtain accurate analyte masses even from highly salty solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conner C. Harper
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720-1460
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - Zachary M. Miller
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720-1460
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - Hyuncheol Lee
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720-1460
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - Amanda J. Bischoff
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720-1460
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Matthew B. Francis
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720-1460
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - David V. Schaffer
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720-1460
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - Evan R. Williams
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720-1460
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
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Tsirkou A, Kaczorowski F, Verdurand M, Raffoul R, Pansieri J, Quadrio I, Chauveau F, Antoine R. Charge detection mass spectrometry on human-amplified fibrils from different synucleinopathies. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:7192-7195. [PMID: 35670578 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00200k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid fibrils are self-assembled mesoscopic protein aggregates, which can accumulate to form deposits or plaques in the brain. In vitro amplification of fibrils can be achieved with real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC). However, this emerging technique would benefit from a complementary method to assess structural properties of the amplification products. This work demonstrates the feasibility of nanospray-charge-detection-mass-spectrometry (CDMS) performed on α-synuclein (αSyn) fibrils amplified from human brains with Parkinson's disease (PD) or Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and its synergistic combination with RT-QuIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Tsirkou
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Lyon, France.
| | - Flora Kaczorowski
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lyon University Hospital, 69677 BRON Cedex, France.,Center for Memory Resources and Research, Lyon University Hospital, Lyon 1 University, Villeurbanne, France.,Univ Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Equipe BIORAN, Inserm U1028 - CNRS UMR5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Groupement Hospitalier Est - CERMEP, 69677 BRON Cedex, France.
| | - Mathieu Verdurand
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lyon University Hospital, 69677 BRON Cedex, France.,Center for Memory Resources and Research, Lyon University Hospital, Lyon 1 University, Villeurbanne, France.,Univ Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Equipe BIORAN, Inserm U1028 - CNRS UMR5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Groupement Hospitalier Est - CERMEP, 69677 BRON Cedex, France.
| | - Rana Raffoul
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Lyon, France.
| | - Jonathan Pansieri
- Oxford University, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, UK
| | - Isabelle Quadrio
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lyon University Hospital, 69677 BRON Cedex, France.,Center for Memory Resources and Research, Lyon University Hospital, Lyon 1 University, Villeurbanne, France.,Univ Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Equipe BIORAN, Inserm U1028 - CNRS UMR5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Groupement Hospitalier Est - CERMEP, 69677 BRON Cedex, France.
| | - Fabien Chauveau
- Univ Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Equipe BIORAN, Inserm U1028 - CNRS UMR5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Groupement Hospitalier Est - CERMEP, 69677 BRON Cedex, France.
| | - Rodolphe Antoine
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Lyon, France.
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8
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Abstract
Charge detection mass spectrometry (CDMS) is a single-particle technique where the masses of individual ions are determined from simultaneous measurement of their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) and charge. Masses are determined for thousands of individual ions, and then the results are binned to give a mass spectrum. Using this approach, accurate mass distributions can be measured for heterogeneous and high-molecular-weight samples that are usually not amenable to analysis by conventional mass spectrometry. Recent applications include heavily glycosylated proteins, protein complexes, protein aggregates such as amyloid fibers, infectious viruses, gene therapies, vaccines, and vesicles such as exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin F Jarrold
- Chemistry Department, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47404, United States
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9
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Barnes LF, Draper BE, Jarrold MF. Analysis of Recombinant Adenovirus Vectors by Ion Trap Charge Detection Mass Spectrometry: Accurate Molecular Weight Measurements beyond 150 MDa. Anal Chem 2022; 94:1543-1551. [PMID: 35023731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adenovirus is one of the largest nonenveloped, double-stranded DNA viruses. It is widely used as a gene therapy vector and has recently received a lot of attention as a novel vaccine platform for SARS-CoV-2. Human adenovirus 5 (HAdV5) contains over 2500 protein molecules and has a 36 kbp genome. Adenovirus is well beyond the range of conventional mass spectrometry, and it was unclear how well such a large complex could be desolvated. Here, we report molecular weight (MW) distributions measured for HAdV5 and for 11 recombinant AdV vectors with genomes of varying lengths. The MW distributions were recorded using ion trap charge detection mass spectrometry (CDMS), a single-particle technique where m/z and charge are measured for individual ions. The results show that ions as large as 150 MDa can be effectively desolvated and accurate MW distributions obtained. The MW distribution for HAdV5 contains a narrow peak at 156.1 MDa, assigned to the infectious virus. A smaller peak at 129.6 MDa is attributed to incomplete particles that have not packaged a genome. The ions in the 129.6 MDa peak have a much lower average charge than those in the peak at 156.1 MDa. This is attributed to the empty particles missing some or all of the fibers that decorate the surface of the virion. The MW measured for the mature virus (156.1 MDa) is much larger than that predicted from sequence masses and copy numbers of the constituents (142.5 MDa). Measurements performed for recombinant AdV as a function of genome length show that for every 1 MDa increase in the genome MW, the MW of the mature virus increases by around 2.3 MDa. The additional 1.3 MDa is attributed to core proteins that are copackaged with the DNA. This observation suggests that the discrepancy between the measured and expected MWs for mature HAdV5 is due to an underestimate in the copy numbers of the core proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren F Barnes
- Chemistry Department, Indiana University, 800 E Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Benjamin E Draper
- Megadalton Solutions, Inc., 3750 E Bluebird Lane, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
| | - Martin F Jarrold
- Chemistry Department, Indiana University, 800 E Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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10
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Lai SH, Tamara S, Heck AJ. Single-particle mass analysis of intact ribosomes by mass photometry and Orbitrap-based charge detection mass spectrometry. iScience 2021; 24:103211. [PMID: 34712917 PMCID: PMC8529500 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Standard methods for mass analysis measure ensembles of thousand to millions of molecules. This approach enables analysis of monodisperse recombinant proteins, whereas some heterogeneous protein assemblies pose a significant challenge, whereby co-occurring stoichiometries, sub-complexes, and modifications hamper analysis using native mass spectrometry. To tackle the challenges posed by mass heterogeneity, single-particle methods may come to the rescue. Recently, two such approaches have been introduced, namely, mass photometry (MP) and Orbitrap-based charge detection mass spectrometry (CDMS). Both methods assess masses of individual molecules, albeit adhering to distinct physical principles. To evaluate these methods side by side, we analyzed a set of ribosomal particles, representing polydisperse ribonucleoprotein assemblies in the MDa range. MP and CDMS provide accurate masses for intact ribosomes and enable quantitative analysis of concomitant distinct particles within each ribosome sample. Here, we discuss pros and cons of these single-molecule techniques, also in the context of other techniques used for mass analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Hsueh Lai
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sem Tamara
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J.R. Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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11
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Markert C, Thinius M, Lehmann L, Heintz C, Stappert F, Wissdorf W, Kersten H, Benter T, Schneider BB, Covey TR. Observation of charged droplets from electrospray ionization (ESI) plumes in API mass spectrometers. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:5587-5600. [PMID: 34215914 PMCID: PMC8410725 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03452-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Electrospray ionization (ESI) generates bare analyte ions from charged droplets, which result from spraying a liquid in a strong electric field. Experimental observations available in the literature suggest that at least a significant fraction of the initially generated droplets remain large, have long lifetimes, and can thus aspirate into the inlet system of an atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometer (API-MS). We report on the observation of fragment signatures from charged droplets penetrating deeply the vacuum stages of three commercial mass spectrometer systems with largely different ion source and spray configurations. Charged droplets can pass through the ion source and pressure reduction stages and even into the mass analyzer region. Since droplet signatures were found in all investigated instruments, the incorporation of charged droplets is considered a general phenomenon occurring with common spray conditions in ESI sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Markert
- Institute for Pure and Applied Mass Spectrometry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Marco Thinius
- Institute for Pure and Applied Mass Spectrometry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Laura Lehmann
- Institute for Pure and Applied Mass Spectrometry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Chris Heintz
- Institute for Pure and Applied Mass Spectrometry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Florian Stappert
- Institute for Pure and Applied Mass Spectrometry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Walter Wissdorf
- Institute for Pure and Applied Mass Spectrometry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Hendrik Kersten
- Institute for Pure and Applied Mass Spectrometry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Thorsten Benter
- Institute for Pure and Applied Mass Spectrometry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | | | - Thomas R Covey
- SCIEX, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, ON, L4K 4V8, Canada
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Basu S, Fakhouri H, Moulin C, Dolai S, Russier-Antoine I, Brevet PF, Antoine R, Paul A. Four orders-of-magnitude enhancement in the two-photon excited photoluminescence of homoleptic gold thiolate nanoclusters following zinc ion-induced aggregation. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:4439-4443. [PMID: 33620366 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08764e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report unprecedented determination of the molar mass of zinc mediated assemblies of homoleptic gold nanoclusters, based on charge detection mass spectrometry measurements. The accurate determination of the molar mass of zinc coordinated assemblies of gold clusters has further allowed unambiguous determination of the two-photon excited photoluminescence cross section of the same. Furthermore, in line with one-photon excited photoluminescence measurements, four orders-of-magnitude enhancement in two-photon excited photoluminescence of gold nanoclusters has been observed following complexation with zinc ions. The study reported herein is envisioned to not only deepen the fundamental understanding of the multiphoton excitation properties of atomic clusters but also widen their application potential as luminescence markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srestha Basu
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622, Lyon, France.
| | - Hussein Fakhouri
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622, Lyon, France.
| | - Christophe Moulin
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622, Lyon, France.
| | - Santanu Dolai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
| | - Isabelle Russier-Antoine
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622, Lyon, France.
| | - Pierre-François Brevet
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622, Lyon, France.
| | - Rodolphe Antoine
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622, Lyon, France.
| | - Anumita Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
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13
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Pansieri J, Iashchishyn IA, Fakhouri H, Ostojić L, Malisauskas M, Musteikyte G, Smirnovas V, Schneider MM, Scheidt T, Xu CK, Meisl G, Knowles TPJ, Gazit E, Antoine R, Morozova-Roche LA. Templating S100A9 amyloids on Aβ fibrillar surfaces revealed by charge detection mass spectrometry, microscopy, kinetic and microfluidic analyses. Chem Sci 2020; 11:7031-7039. [PMID: 34122996 PMCID: PMC8159403 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05905a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of amyloid co-aggregation and its nucleation process are not fully understood in spite of extensive studies. Deciphering the interactions between proinflammatory S100A9 protein and Aβ42 peptide in Alzheimer's disease is fundamental since inflammation plays a central role in the disease onset. Here we use innovative charge detection mass spectrometry (CDMS) together with biophysical techniques to provide mechanistic insight into the co-aggregation process and differentiate amyloid complexes at a single particle level. Combination of mass and charge distributions of amyloids together with reconstruction of the differences between them and detailed microscopy reveals that co-aggregation involves templating of S100A9 fibrils on the surface of Aβ42 amyloids. Kinetic analysis further corroborates that the surfaces available for the Aβ42 secondary nucleation are diminished due to the coating by S100A9 amyloids, while the binding of S100A9 to Aβ42 fibrils is validated by a microfluidic assay. We demonstrate that synergy between CDMS, microscopy, kinetic and microfluidic analyses opens new directions in interdisciplinary research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Pansieri
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University SE-90187 Umeå Sweden
| | - Igor A Iashchishyn
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University SE-90187 Umeå Sweden
| | - Hussein Fakhouri
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR 5306, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Univ Lyon F-69100 Villeurbanne France
| | - Lucija Ostojić
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University SE-90187 Umeå Sweden
| | - Mantas Malisauskas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University SE-90187 Umeå Sweden
| | - Greta Musteikyte
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Vytautas Smirnovas
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Matthias M Schneider
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Tom Scheidt
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Catherine K Xu
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Georg Meisl
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Tuomas P J Knowles
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge JJ Thompson Ave CB3 0HE Cambridge UK
| | - Ehud Gazit
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University SE-90187 Umeå Sweden
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv 69978 Israel
| | - Rodolphe Antoine
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR 5306, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Univ Lyon F-69100 Villeurbanne France
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Rozsa J, Song Y, Webb D, Debaene N, Kerr A, Gustafson EL, Caldwell T, Murray HV, Austin DE, Chiang SHW, Hawkins AR. Simulation and measurement of image charge detection with printed-circuit-board detector and differential amplifier. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:053302. [PMID: 32486704 DOI: 10.1063/5.0003020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel and thorough simulation technique to understand image charge generated from charged particles on a printed-circuit-board detector. We also describe a custom differential amplifier to exploit the near-differential input to improve the signal-to-noise-ratio of the measured image charge. The simulation technique analyzes how different parameters such as the position, velocity, and charge magnitude of a particle affect the image charge and the amplifier output. It also enables the designer to directly import signals into circuit simulation software to analyze the full signal conversion process from the image charge to the amplifier output. A novel measurement setup using a Venturi vacuum system injects single charged particles (with diameters in the 100 s of microns range) through a PCB detector containing patterned electrodes to verify our simulation technique and amplifier performance. The measured differential amplifier presented here exhibits a gain of 7.96 µV/e- and a single-pass noise floor of 1030 e-, which is about 13× lower than that of the referenced commercial amplifier. The amplifier also has the capability to reach a single-pass noise floor lower than 140 e-, which has been shown in Cadence simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jace Rozsa
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Brigham Young University, 450 Engineering Building, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - Yixin Song
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Brigham Young University, 450 Engineering Building, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - Devon Webb
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Brigham Young University, 450 Engineering Building, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - Naomi Debaene
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Brigham Young University, 450 Engineering Building, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - Austin Kerr
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Brigham Young University, 450 Engineering Building, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - Elaura L Gustafson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, C100 Benson Science Building, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - Tabitha Caldwell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, C100 Benson Science Building, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - Halle V Murray
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, C100 Benson Science Building, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - Daniel E Austin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, C100 Benson Science Building, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - Shiuh-Hua Wood Chiang
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Brigham Young University, 450 Engineering Building, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - Aaron R Hawkins
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Brigham Young University, 450 Engineering Building, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
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Russier-Antoine I, Fakhouri H, Basu S, Bertorelle F, Dugourd P, Brevet PF, Velayudhan P, Thomas S, Kalarikkal N, Antoine R. Second harmonic scattering from mass characterized 2D graphene oxide sheets. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:3859-3862. [PMID: 32134076 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00111b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In this communication, we report the second harmonic scattering from mass characterized 2D graphene oxide sheets dispersed in an aqueous suspension, in the femtosecond regime at 800 nm laser excitation. Charge-detection mass-spectrometry, performing at the single sheet level, allows for an exhaustive molar mass distribution and thus concentration for these 2D nanomaterials samples. The orientation-averaged hyperpolarizability value is (1.36 ± 0.15) × 10-25 esu as determined by the concentration-dependent harmonic scattering signal. In addition, the multi-photon excited fluorescence spectrum is characterized by a broad band in the visible range between 350 and 700 nm centered at about 500 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Russier-Antoine
- Institut Lumière Matière UMR 5306, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Univ Lyon, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France.
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