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Sharma R, Nath PC, Lodh BK, Mukherjee J, Mahata N, Gopikrishna K, Tiwari ON, Bhunia B. Rapid and sensitive approaches for detecting food fraud: A review on prospects and challenges. Food Chem 2024; 454:139817. [PMID: 38805929 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Precise and reliable analytical techniques are required to guarantee food quality in light of the expanding concerns regarding food safety and quality. Because traditional procedures are expensive and time-consuming, quick food control techniques are required to ensure product quality. Various analytical techniques are used to identify and detect food fraud, including spectroscopy, chromatography, DNA barcoding, and inotrope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). Due to its quick findings, simplicity of use, high throughput, affordability, and non-destructive evaluations of numerous food matrices, NI spectroscopy and hyperspectral imaging are financially preferred in the food business. The applicability of this technology has increased with the development of chemometric techniques and near-infrared spectroscopy-based instruments. The current research also discusses the use of several multivariate analytical techniques in identifying food fraud, such as principal component analysis, partial least squares, cluster analysis, multivariate curve resolutions, and artificial intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Sharma
- Bioproducts Processing Research Laboratory (BPRL), Department of Bio Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Agartala 799046, India; Department of Food Technology, Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu-641062, India.
| | - Pinku Chandra Nath
- Bioproducts Processing Research Laboratory (BPRL), Department of Bio Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Agartala 799046, India.
| | - Bibhab Kumar Lodh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Agartala-799046, India.
| | - Jayanti Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, CMR College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad- 501401, Telangana, India.
| | - Nibedita Mahata
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur-713209.
| | - Konga Gopikrishna
- SEED Division, Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Onkar Nath Tiwari
- Centre for Conservation and Utilisation of Blue Green Algae (CCUBGA), Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Biswanath Bhunia
- Bioproducts Processing Research Laboratory (BPRL), Department of Bio Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Agartala 799046, India.
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2
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Bai Z, Zhao Z, Wang S, Li H, Chen DDY. Ambient mass spectrometry imaging of food natural products by angled direct analysis in real time high-resolution mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2024; 454:139802. [PMID: 38797098 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Direct surface analysis in ambient conditions provides information on the position and chemical composition of an object at the time of investigation. An angled sampling probe is developed in this work for direct analysis in real time (DART) ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry. The DART ion source and the interface were modified for improved surface resolution, increased ion transfer efficiency, as well as enabling two-dimensional surface scanning. The angled probe DART-MS system was used for investigating a variety of food samples including fruit peels, ginseng root, plant leaves and sections of radish. Abundant signals and distinct chemical profiles are obtained in seconds, and spatial distribution of different molecules across the sample surfaces can be observed. In addition, the developed system can quickly identify the chemical changes when the surfaces were treated. The method is capable of directly evaluating food sample surfaces with different shapes, hardness, and conditions, without any sample pretreatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiru Bai
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhengyan Zhao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Saiting Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - David Da Yong Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
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3
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Rivera-Pérez A, Navarro-Herrera AM, Garrido Frenich A. Identifying Key Markers for Monofloral (Eucalyptus, Rosemary, and Orange Blossom) and Multifloral Honey Differentiation in the Spanish Market by UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Fingerprinting and Chemometrics. Foods 2024; 13:2755. [PMID: 39272519 PMCID: PMC11395089 DOI: 10.3390/foods13172755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Honey differentiation based on the botanical origin is crucial to guarantee product authenticity, especially considering the increasing number of fraud cases. This study assessed the metabolomic differences arising from various botanical origins in honey products sold in Spanish markets, focusing on two goals: (1) discrimination within monofloral samples (eucalyptus, rosemary, and orange blossom honey) and (2) differentiation between multifloral vs. monofloral honey samples. An omics strategy based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-Orbitrap-high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS) was applied for the reliable identification of specific honey markers selected by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) (R2Y = 0.929-0.981 and Q2 = 0.868-0.952), followed by the variable importance in projection (VIP) approach. Key amino acid, alkaloid, and trisaccharide markers were identified to distinguish between honey samples. Some Amadori compounds were highlighted as eucalyptus honey markers, suggesting their potential use for honey aging and botanical origin differentiation. L-phenylalanine and raffinose were markers of rosemary honey. Four markers (e.g., trigonelline, L-isoleucine, and N-(1-deoxy-1-fructosyl)isoleucine) were found in higher levels in multifloral samples, indicating a greater availability of amino acids, potentially increasing the Maillard reaction. This research is the first to address the botanical origin's impact on honey by identifying novel markers not previously described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Rivera-Pérez
- Research Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agrifood Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), University of Almeria, E-04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - Alba María Navarro-Herrera
- Research Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agrifood Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), University of Almeria, E-04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - Antonia Garrido Frenich
- Research Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agrifood Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), University of Almeria, E-04120 Almeria, Spain
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Batista Junior AC, Bernardo RA, Rocha YA, Vaz BG, Chalom MY, Jardim AC, Chaves AR. An Agile and Accurate Approach for N-Nitrosamines Detection and Quantification in Medicines by DART-MS. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024; 35:1657-1668. [PMID: 38716699 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.4c00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
N-nitrosamines (NAs) are prevalent mutagenic impurities in various consumer products. Their discovery in valsartan-containing medicines in 2018 prompted global regulatory agencies to set guidelines on their presence and permissible levels in pharmaceuticals. In order to determine the NAs content in medicines, efficient and sensitive analytical methods have been developed based on mass spectrometry techniques. Direct analysis in real time-mass spectrometry (DART-MS) has emerged as a prominent ambient ionization technique for pharmaceutical analysis due to its high-throughput capability, simplicity, and minimal sample preparation requirements. Thus, in this study DART-MS was evaluated for the screening and quantification of NAs in medicines. DART-MS analyses were conducted in positive ion mode, for both direct tablet analysis and solution analysis. The analytical performance was evaluated regarding linearity, precision, accuracy, limits of detection, and quantification. The DART-MS proved to be suitable for the determination of NAs in medicines, whether through direct tablet analysis or solution analysis. The analytical performance demonstrated linearity in the range from 1.00 to 200.00 ng mL-1, limits of quantification about 1.00 ng mL-1, precision and accuracy lower than 15%, and no significant matrix effect for six drug-related NAs. In conclusion, the DART-MS technique demonstrated to be an alternative method to determine NAs in medicines, aligning with the principles of green chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ricardo Alves Bernardo
- Federal University of Goiás, Institute of Chemistry, Goiânia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Chemistry, Curitiba, Paraná 80060-140, Brazil
| | - Yuri Arrates Rocha
- Federal University of Goiás, Institute of Chemistry, Goiânia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Boniek Gontijo Vaz
- Federal University of Goiás, Institute of Chemistry, Goiânia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Marc Yves Chalom
- SENS Advanced Mass Spectrometry, 05319-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Ma Y, Zhang L, Ma X, Bai K, Tian Z, Wang Z, Muratkhan M, Wang X, Lü X, Liu M. Saccharide mapping as an extraordinary method on characterization and identification of plant and fungi polysaccharides: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133350. [PMID: 38960255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Saccharide mapping was a promising scheme to unveil the mystery of polysaccharide structure by analysis of the fragments generated from polysaccharide decomposition process. However, saccharide mapping was not widely applied in the polysaccharide analysis for lacking of systematic introduction. In this review, a detailed description of the establishment process of saccharide mapping, the pros and cons of downstream technologies, an overview of the application of saccharide mapping, and practical strategies were summarized. With the updating of the available downstream technologies, saccharide mapping had been expanding its scope of application to various kinds of polysaccharides. The process of saccharide mapping analysis included polysaccharides degradation and hydrolysates analysis, and the degradation process was no longer limited to acid hydrolysis. Some downstream technologies were convenient for rapid qualitative analysis, while others could achieve quantitative analysis. For the more detailed structure information could be provided by saccharide mapping, it was possible to improve the quality control of polysaccharides during preparation and application. This review filled the blank of basic information about saccharide mapping and was helpful for the establishment of a professional workflow for the saccharide mapping application to promote the deep study of polysaccharide structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntian Ma
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lichen Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ke Bai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhuoer Tian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhangyang Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Marat Muratkhan
- Department of Food Technology and Processing Products, Technical Faculty, Saken Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre of Dairy Products Quality, Safety and Health, Shaanxi, China; Northwest A&F University Shen Zhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Xin Lü
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre of Dairy Products Quality, Safety and Health, Shaanxi, China; Northwest A&F University Shen Zhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Manshun Liu
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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6
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Wang X, Chen Y, Xie Y, Liu Y, Fan L, Li L, Wang Z, Yang L. Rapid analysis of bioactive compounds from citrus samples by direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry combined with chemometrics. Analyst 2024; 149:3857-3864. [PMID: 38855898 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00316k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Renowned for their nutritional benefits, citrus fruits are harvested at various stages in China for functional food production. This study introduces an innovative analytical method, DART-MS, enabling direct qualitative analysis of citrus samples without the need for preprocessing. Simultaneously, the combination of chemometrics can be applied to distinguish between three different citrus samples: Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride, and Citri Reticulatae "Chachi". Notably, given the international regulatory concerns surrounding synephrine, a precise quantitative analysis method for synephrine was developed. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were 39 ng mL-1 and 156 ng mL-1, respectively. The recovery rates obtained varied from 98.46% to 100.71%. Furthermore, the intra-day and inter-day precision demonstrated robust consistency, with values spanning 5.0-6.1% and 5.03-6.08%, respectively, offering quicker results compared to those from HPLC-MS, promising a safer assessment of herbal and food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yilin Chen
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yanqiao Xie
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yamin Liu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Linhong Fan
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Linnan Li
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Li Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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7
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Wang Y. Recent advances in the application of direct analysis in real time-mass spectrometry (DART-MS) in food analysis. Food Res Int 2024; 188:114488. [PMID: 38823841 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Direct analysis in real time-mass spectrometry (DART-MS) has evolved as an effective analytical technique for the rapid and accurate analysis of food samples. The current advancements of DART-MS in food analysis are described in this paper. We discussed the DART principles, which include devices, ionization mechanisms, and parameter settings. Numerous applications of DART-MS in the fields of food and food products analysis published during 2018-2023 were reviewed, including contamination detection, food authentication and traceability, and specific analyte analysis in the food matrix. Furthermore, the challenges and limitations of DART-MS, such as matrix effect, isobaric component analysis, cost considerations and accessibility, and compound selectivity and identification, were discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China.
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8
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Henderson A, Heaney LM, Rankin-Turner S. Ambient ionisation mass spectrometry for drug and toxin analysis: A review of the recent literature. Drug Test Anal 2024. [PMID: 38326879 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Ambient ionisation mass spectrometry (AIMS) is a form of mass spectrometry whereby analyte ionisation occurs outside of a vacuum source under ambient conditions. This enables the direct analysis of samples in their native state, with little or no sample preparation and without chromatographic separation. The removal of these steps facilitates a much faster analytical process, enabling the direct analysis of samples within minutes if not seconds. Consequently, AIMS has gained rapid popularity across a diverse range of applications, in particular the analysis of drugs and toxins. Numerous fields rely upon mass spectrometry for the detection and identification of drugs, including clinical diagnostics, forensic chemistry, and food safety. However, all of these fields are hindered by the time-consuming and laboratory-confined nature of traditional techniques. As such, the potential for AIMS to resolve these challenges has resulted in a growing interest in ambient ionisation for drug and toxin analysis. Since the early 2000s, forensic science, diagnostic testing, anti-doping, pharmaceuticals, environmental analysis and food safety have all seen a marked increase in AIMS applications, foreshadowing a new future for drug testing. In this review, some of the most promising AIMS techniques for drug analysis will be discussed, alongside different applications of AIMS published over a 5-year period, to provide a summary of the recent research activity for ambient ionisation for drug and toxin analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Henderson
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Liam M Heaney
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Stephanie Rankin-Turner
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Subbaraj AK, Deb-Choudhury S, Pavan E, Realini CE. Volatile fingerprints of beef cooking methods using sol-gel-based solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry (DART-MS). RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2024; 38:e9655. [PMID: 38073203 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The aroma profile of food is a complex mixture of volatile compounds that constitutes a major component of the overall eating experience. The food service industry and chefs therefore constantly seek ways to investigate and thereby enhance the aroma profile. Oven cooking, sous vide and pan fry are three cooking methods of beef commonly practised by chefs. Near real-time analysis of volatile compounds from these three cooking methods will provide insight into respective volatile fingerprints and help improve cooking techniques. METHODS Volatile compounds from three beef cooking methods were captured using an in-house sol-gel based solid phase microextraction (SPME) method and analysed using direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry (DART-MS). A volatile organic compound (VOC) standard was used to demonstrate successful implementation of the sol-gel coating technique. Volatile features discriminating the three cooking methods were shortlisted and statistically assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS The VOC standard was successfully adsorbed by the sol-gel method and detected by DART-MS. Hierarchical cluster analysis clearly demarcated three beef cooking methods based on their volatile fingerprints. Out of 65 significant features differentiating the cooking methods, 50 were at highest concentrations from pan-fry cooking only, followed by 14 with highest concentrations from oven cooking followed by pan frying. Sous vide followed by pan frying showed lowest concentrations of almost all volatile features. CONCLUSIONS The sol-gel-based solid-phase microextraction technique combined with DART-MS was successful in differentiating beef cooking methods based on their volatile fingerprints. A workflow for rapid assessment of the volatile profile from beef cooking methods was established, providing a baseline to further explore volatile profiles from other key ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind K Subbaraj
- Proteins and Metabolites Team, AgResearch Limited, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | | | - Enrique Pavan
- Food Technology and Processing Team, AgResearch Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Carolina E Realini
- Food Technology and Processing Team, AgResearch Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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10
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Coon A, Setzen G, Musah RA. Mass Spectrometric Interrogation of Earwax: Toward the Detection of Ménière's Disease. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:27010-27023. [PMID: 37546591 PMCID: PMC10399190 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Many diseases remain difficult to identify because the occurrence of characteristic biomarkers within traditional matrices such as blood and urine remain unknown. Disease diagnosis could, therefore, benefit from the analysis of readily accessible, non-traditional matrices that have a high chemical content and contain distinguishing biomarkers. One such matrix is cerumen (i.e., earwax), whose chemical complexity can pose challenges when analyzed by conventional methods. A combination of cerumen chemical profiles analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and direct analysis in real time-high-resolution mass spectrometry (DART-HRMS) were investigated to ascertain the possible presence of the rare otolaryngological disorder Ménière's disease. This illness is currently identified via "diagnosis by exclusion" in which the disease is distinguished from others with overlapping symptoms by the process of elimination. GC-MS revealed a chemical profile difference between those with and without a Ménière's disease diagnosis by a visually apparent diminution of the compounds present in the Ménière's disease samples. DART-HRMS revealed that the two classes could be differentiated using three fatty acids: cis-9-hexadecenoic acid, cis-10-heptadecenoic acid, and cis-9-octadecenoic acid. These compounds were subsequently quantified by GC-MS and overall, the amounts of these fatty acids were decreased in Ménière's disease patients. The average levels for non-Ménière's disease samples were 7.89 μg/mg for cis-9-hexadecenoic acid, 0.87 μg/mg for cis-10-heptadecenoic acid, and 4.94 μg/mg for cis-9-octadecenoic acid. The average levels for Ménière's disease samples were 1.70 μg/mg for cis-9-hexadecenoic acid, 0.13 μg/mg for cis-10-heptadecenoic acid, and 2.07 μg/mg for cis-9-octadecenoic acid. The confidence levels for cis-9-hexadecenoic acid, cis-10-heptadecenoic acid, and cis-9-octadecenoic acid were 98.7%, 99.9%, and 95.4%, respectively. The results suggest that assessment of the concentrations of these fatty acids could be a useful clinical tool for the more rapid and accurate detection of Ménière's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allix
Marie Coon
- Department
of Chemistry, University at Albany, State
University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Gavin Setzen
- Albany
ENT and Allergy Services, 123 Everett Rd, Albany, New York 12205, United States
| | - Rabi Ann Musah
- Department
of Chemistry, University at Albany, State
University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
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11
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Mathias S, Sears P. Direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry: Observations of helium, nitrogen and argon as ionisation gas for the detection of small molecules using a single quadrupole instrument. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2023; 37:e9521. [PMID: 37055933 PMCID: PMC10909476 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Direct analysis in real time is typically performed using helium as the ionisation gas for the detection of analytes by mass spectrometry (MS). Nitrogen and argon are found with abundance in the air and provide a cheaper and greener alternative to the use of helium as ionisation gas. This study explores the use of helium, nitrogen and argon as ionisation gas for the detection of organic compounds. METHODS Four illicit drugs, two amino acids and five explosives were chosen as target analytes to understand selectivity, sensitivity and linearity when helium, nitrogen or argon was used as the ionisation gas with the direct analysis in real time (DART) source. Analysis was carried out on a Waters Acquity QDa single quadrupole mass spectrometer. RESULTS Calibration curves over the range of 5-100 ng were produced for each analyte using the different ionisation gases to assess the instrument response. Nitrogen gave a higher response to concentration than helium or argon; however, the lowest limits of detection were observed when helium was used. CONCLUSIONS All the target analytes were detected using DART-MS with helium, nitrogen or argon as the ionisation gas. Whereas helium provided the highest sensitivity, nitrogen produced reasonable limits of detection and had good linearity across the concentration range explored, suggesting it provides a greener and cheaper alternative to helium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Mathias
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of SurreyGuildfordUK
| | - Patrick Sears
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of SurreyGuildfordUK
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12
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Lin DY, Yu CY, Ku CA, Chung CK. Design, Fabrication, and Applications of SERS Substrates for Food Safety Detection: Review. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1343. [PMID: 37512654 PMCID: PMC10385374 DOI: 10.3390/mi14071343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable and safe food is an important issue worldwide, and it depends on cost-effective analysis tools with good sensitivity and reality. However, traditional standard chemical methods of food safety detection, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC), and tandem mass spectrometry (MS), have the disadvantages of high cost and long testing time. Those disadvantages have prevented people from obtaining sufficient risk information to confirm the safety of their products. In addition, food safety testing, such as the bioassay method, often results in false positives or false negatives due to little rigor preprocessing of samples. So far, food safety analysis currently relies on the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), HPLC, GC, UV-visible spectrophotometry, and MS, all of which require significant time to train qualified food safety testing laboratory operators. These factors have hindered the development of rapid food safety monitoring systems, especially in remote areas or areas with a relative lack of testing resources. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has emerged as one of the tools of choice for food safety testing that can overcome these dilemmas over the past decades. SERS offers advantages over chromatographic mass spectrometry analysis due to its portability, non-destructive nature, and lower cost implications. However, as it currently stands, Raman spectroscopy is a supplemental tool in chemical analysis, reinforcing and enhancing the completeness and coverage of the food safety analysis system. SERS combines portability with non-destructive and cheaper detection costs to gain an advantage over chromatographic mass spectrometry analysis. SERS has encountered many challenges in moving toward regulatory applications in food safety, such as quantitative accuracy, poor reproducibility, and instability of large molecule detection. As a result, the reality of SERS, as a screening tool for regulatory announcements worldwide, is still uncommon. In this review article, we have compiled the current designs and fabrications of SERS substrates for food safety detection to unify all the requirements and the opportunities to overcome these challenges. This review is expected to improve the interest in the sensing field of SERS and facilitate the SERS applications in food safety detection in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Yan Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yu Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chin-An Ku
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Kuei Chung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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13
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Schincaglia A, Aspromonte J, Franchina FA, Chenet T, Pasti L, Cavazzini A, Purcaro G, Beccaria M. Current Developments of Analytical Methodologies for Aflatoxins' Determination in Food during the Last Decade (2013-2022), with a Particular Focus on Nuts and Nut Products. Foods 2023; 12:527. [PMID: 36766055 PMCID: PMC9914313 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to provide a clear overview of the most important analytical development in aflatoxins analysis during the last decade (2013-2022) with a particular focus on nuts and nuts-related products. Aflatoxins (AFs), a group of mycotoxins produced mainly by certain strains of the genus Aspergillus fungi, are known to impose a serious threat to human health. Indeed, AFs are considered carcinogenic to humans, group 1, by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Since these toxins can be found in different food commodities, food control organizations worldwide impose maximum levels of AFs for commodities affected by this threat. Thus, they represent a cumbersome issue in terms of quality control, analytical result reliability, and economical losses. It is, therefore, mandatory for food industries to perform analysis on potentially contaminated commodities before the trade. A full perspective of the whole analytical workflow, considering each crucial step during AFs investigation, namely sampling, sample preparation, separation, and detection, will be presented to the reader, focusing on the main challenges related to the topic. A discussion will be primarily held regarding sample preparation methodologies such as partitioning, solid phase extraction (SPE), and immunoaffinity (IA) related methods. This will be followed by an overview of the leading analytical techniques for the detection of aflatoxins, in particular liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to a fluorescence detector (FLD) and/or mass spectrometry (MS). Moreover, the focus on the analytical procedure will not be specific only to traditional methodologies, such as LC, but also to new direct approaches based on imaging and the ability to detect AFs, reducing the need for sample preparation and separative techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Schincaglia
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Juan Aspromonte
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Métodos Analíticos, LIDMA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CIC-PBA, CONICET, Calle 47 Esq. 115, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Flavio A. Franchina
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Tatiana Chenet
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luisa Pasti
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alberto Cavazzini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giorgia Purcaro
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Marco Beccaria
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Organic and Biological Analytical Chemistry Group, MolSys Research Unit, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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14
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Xu L, Zhang K, Geng X, Li H, Chen DDY. High-resolution mass spectrometry exhalome profiling with a modified direct analysis in real time ion source. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2022; 36:e9406. [PMID: 36169592 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Exhaled breath contains many substances that are closely related to human metabolism. Analysis of its composition is important for human health, but it is difficult. Since the volatile molecules in breath samples are exhaled instantaneously, easily diffused and modified, and at low level of presence, they are difficult to identify and quantify. METHODS A modified direct analysis in real time ion source was used for high-resolution mass spectrometry measurement of human metabolites in exhaled breath through online monitoring and offline analysis, in both positive and negative ion modes. The improved system enabled the breath volatiles as well as condensates to be directly sampled, rapidly transmitted and efficiently ionized in a confined region, and then detected using an Orbitrap mass analyzer. RESULTS The molecular features with online and offline analysis of exhaled breath were demonstrated with obvious differences. A total of about 65 metabolites in positive ion mode and about 55 metabolites in negative ion mode were identified based on accurate m/z values. Exhalome profile and the composition proportion of different classes of compounds were obtained. The relative contents of metabolites from breath varied during different time periods throughout a day. CONCLUSIONS A more complete picture of the human breath metabolome was provided combining the results obtained from both online and offline analysis. The developed method allows analysis of breath samples with different status rapidly and directly, and it features simple operation and metabolite identification, requiring little or no sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Xu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Geng
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - David Da Yong Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Creydt M, Fischer M. Food metabolomics: Latest hardware-developments for nontargeted food authenticity and food safety testing. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:2334-2350. [PMID: 36104152 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The analytical requirements for food testing have increased significantly in recent years. On the one hand, because food fraud is becoming an ever-greater challenge worldwide, and on the other hand because food safety is often difficult to monitor due to the far-reaching trade chains. In addition, the expectations of consumers on the quality of food have increased, and they are demanding extensive information. Cutting-edge analytical methods are required to meet these demands. In this context, non-targeted metabolomics strategies using mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometers (mass spectrometry [MS]) have proven to be very suitable. MS-based approaches are of particular importance as they provide a comparatively high analytical coverage of the metabolome. Accordingly, the efficiency to address even challenging issues is high. A variety of hardware developments, which are explained in this review, have contributed to these advances. In addition, the potential of future developments is highlighted, some of which are currently not yet commercially available or only used to a comparatively small extent but are expected to gain in importance in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Creydt
- Hamburg School of Food Science - Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Hamburg School of Food Science - Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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George A, Rose Cherian A, Benny L, Varghese A, Hegde G. Surface-Engineering of Carbon Fibre Paper Electrode Through Molecular Imprinting Technique Towards Electrochemical Sensing of Food additive in Shrimps. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Li C, Jiang Y, Chu S, Yin X, Tan S, Huang Z, Dai X, Gong X, Fang X, Tian D. Analysis of low-abundance molecules in complex matrices by quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometry using a simultaneous fragmentation and accumulation strategy. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2022; 36:e9276. [PMID: 35189675 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Fast and sensitive analysis of low-abundance molecules in complex matrices has always been a challenge in chemical and biological applications. Mass spectrometry (MS) has been widely used in the fields of chemical and biological analysis due to its unparalleled specificity and sensitivity. However, the MS signals consistently deteriorate in the presence of matrices. Demands for more sensitive and efficient methods to analyze those low-abundance molecules in chemical and biological systems are in urgent need. METHODS Based on a home-made quadrupole-linear ion trap (Q-LIT) mass spectrometer, a simultaneous fragmentation and accumulation strategy was developed to improve the sensitivity of the analysis for the low-abundance molecules in complex matrices. Ions were filtered by the quadrupole into the LIT. The precursor ions were fragmented and the product ions were isolated and accumulated in the LIT simultaneously. The fragmentation, isolation and accumulation processes were conducted at the same time. The accumulation time could be controlled to accumulate sufficient product ions. RESULTS With this strategy, the signal intensity of targeted molecules could be increased by 2-8 times and by increasing the accumulation time, this could be further enhanced. Those interferences induced by isomers and matrices can be reduced by using our method. We further applied our method to the quantification and analysis of biological samples. Tryptic digested peptides of myoglobin (Mb) were successfully detected by our method. CONCLUSIONS We have established a new method with great advantages in the detection of molecules in complex matrices. The application of this method promises better results in the bioanalytical area, especially for the analysis of substances in complex matrices in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Li
- College of Instrumentation & Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - You Jiang
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - Shiying Chu
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - Xinchi Yin
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - Siyuan Tan
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - Zejian Huang
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhua Dai
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyun Gong
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Fang
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - Di Tian
- College of Instrumentation & Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Qie M, Li T, Liu CC, Zhao Y. Direct analysis in real time high-resolution mass spectrometry for authenticity assessment of lamb. Food Chem 2022; 390:133143. [PMID: 35567975 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In comparison to more traditional methods of determining food authenticity, such as gas chromatography analysis, the primary advantages of DART-HRMS include its high speed and throughput of analysis. This study used a non-targeted metabolomics method based on real-time high-resolution mass spectrometry combined with chemometric analysis to distinguish lamb samples from four regions. Orthogonal least squares-discriminant analysis revealed a distinct difference between these four lamb regions. The potential markers were chosen based on the variable's importance in projection values, variance, and fold change. A total of 79 markers were identified using the matching chemistry database. These markers differed significantly between lambs in four regions according to heatmap analysis. The linear discriminatory analysis model had an initial classification rate of 100.0% and a cross-validation accuracy of 82.50% on the identified markers. The research demonstrates that DART-HRMS can perform a rapid authentication evaluation of lamb samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Qie
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tiwen Li
- ASPEC Technologies Limited, Beijing 100102, China
| | | | - Yan Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China.
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Shi M, Zheng X, Lu D, Duan X, Wang Y, Liu Y, Xue H, Yin L. Ultrafast and high-throughput quantitative analysis of carbamazepine in human plasma by direct analysis in real time tandem mass spectrometry coupled with solid phase extraction to eliminate matrix effects. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 214:114751. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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20
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Tsagkaris A, Hrbek V, Dzuman Z, Hajslova J. Critical comparison of direct analysis in real time orbitrap mass spectrometry (DART-Orbitrap MS) towards liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) for mycotoxin detection in cereal matrices. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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21
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Barberis E, Amede E, Dondero F, Marengo E, Manfredi M. New Non-Invasive Method for the Authentication of Apple Cultivars. Foods 2021; 11:foods11010089. [PMID: 35010215 PMCID: PMC8750361 DOI: 10.3390/foods11010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Food authentication is very important to protect consumers, sellers, and producers from fraud. Although several methods have been developed using a wide range of analytical techniques, most of them require sample destruction and do not allow in situ sampling or analysis, nor reliable quantification of hundreds of molecules at the same time. To overcome these limitations, we have developed and validated a new noninvasive analytical workflow for food authentication. The method uses a functionalized strip to adsorb small molecules from the surface of the food product, followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of the desorbed analytes. We validated the method and applied it to the classification of five different apple varieties. Molecular concentrations obtained from the analysis of 44 apples were used to identify markers for apple cultivars or, in combination with machine learning techniques, to perform cultivar classification. The overall reproducibility of the method was very good, showing a good coefficient of variation for both targeted and untargeted analysis. The approach was able to correctly classify all samples. In addition, the method was also used to detect pesticides and the following molecules were found in almost all samples: chlorpyrifos-methyl, deltamethrin, and malathion. The proposed approach not only showed very good analytical performance, but also proved to be suitable for noninvasive food authentication and pesticide residue analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elettra Barberis
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (E.A.); (M.M.)
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Elia Amede
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (E.A.); (M.M.)
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Francesco Dondero
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Emilio Marengo
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (E.A.); (M.M.)
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
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22
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Geballa-Koukoula A, Gerssen A, Nielen MWF. From Smartphone Lateral Flow Immunoassay Screening to Direct MS Analysis: Development and Validation of a Semi-Quantitative Direct Analysis in Real-Time Mass Spectrometric (DART-MS) Approach to the Analysis of Deoxynivalenol. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:1861. [PMID: 33800036 PMCID: PMC7962121 DOI: 10.3390/s21051861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In current food safety monitoring, lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) are widely used for rapid food contaminant screening. Recent advances include smartphone readouts, offering semi-quantitative analysis of LFIAs with time, location, and data transfer in case of on-site testing. Following the screening, the next step in the EU regulations is confirmation by, e.g., liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In this work, using direct analysis in real time ambient ionization and triple quadrupole MS/MS (DART-QqQ-MS/MS), we achieved rapid confirmation of the identity of the substance(s) causing the LFIA result. In the workflow proposed, an individual performs the (on-site) smartphone LFIA screening, and when the result is suspect, an identification LFIA (ID-LFIA) strip is developed with the same sample extract. The ID-LFIA can be dissociated and rapidly analyzed in a control laboratory with DART-QqQ-MS/MS. The ID-LFIA consists of multiple lines of monoclonal antibodies against the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol, acting as a bioaffinity trap. The ID-LFIA/DART-QqQ-MS/MS approach has been developed and validated, along with the screening smartphone LFIA, and has demonstrated its applicability by analyzing incurred and spiked samples. The developed approach has been critically compared with our previous direct electrospray ionization MS method and was found to provide highly complementary information on the total deoxynivalenol contamination in the sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadni Geballa-Koukoula
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands; (A.G.); (M.W.F.N.)
| | - Arjen Gerssen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands; (A.G.); (M.W.F.N.)
| | - Michel W. F. Nielen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands; (A.G.); (M.W.F.N.)
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
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