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Sagayama H, Kondo E, Tanabe Y, Uchizawa A, Evans WJ, Shankaran M, Nyangau E, Hellerstein M, Shiose K, Yoshida T, Yasukata J, Higaki Y, Ohnishi T, Takahashi H, Yamada Y. Comparison of Bioelectrical Impedance Indices for Skeletal Muscle Mass and Intracellular Water Measurements of Physically Active Young Men and Athletes. J Nutr 2023; 153:2543-2551. [PMID: 37495114 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a minimally invasive, safe, easy, and quick technology used to determine body composition. OBJECTIVES We compared the relationship among impedance indices obtained using single-frequency BIA, multi-frequency BIA, bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS), and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) of physically active young men and athletes using the creatine (methyl-d3) dilution method. We also compared the SMM and intracellular water (ICW) of athletes and active young men measured using a reference stable isotope dilution and BIS method, respectively. METHODS We analyzed data from 28 men (mean age, 20 ± 2 y) who exercised regularly. Single-frequency BIA at 5 kHz and 50 kHz (R5 and R50), multi-frequency BIA (R250-5), and BIS (RICW) methods of determining the SMM were compared. The deuterium and sodium bromide dilution methods of obtaining the total body water, ICW, and extracellular water measurements were also used, and the results were compared to those acquired using bioimpedance methods. RESULTS The correlation coefficients between SMM and L2/R5, L2/R50, L2/R250-5, and L2/RICW were 0.738, 0.762, 0.790, and 0.790, respectively (P < 0.01). The correlation coefficients between ICW and L2/R5, L2/R50, L2/R250-5, and L2/RICW were 0.660, 0.687, 0.758, and 0.730, respectively (P < 0.001). However, the correlation coefficients of L2/R50, L2/R250-5, and L2/RICW for SMM and ICW were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that single-frequency BIA at L2/R50, multi-frequency BIA, and BIS are valid for assessing the SMM of athletes and active young men. Additionally, we confirmed that the SMM and ICW were correlated with single-frequency BIA, multi-frequency BIA, and BIS. Bioimpedance technologies may be dependable and practical means for assessing SMM and hydration compartment status of active young adult males; however, cross-validation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Sagayama
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Emi Kondo
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Tanabe
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Faculty of Human Life Design, Toyo University, Akabanedai, Kita-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Uchizawa
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - William J Evans
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States; Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Mahalakshmi Shankaran
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Edna Nyangau
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Marc Hellerstein
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Keisuke Shiose
- Faculty of Education, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Yoshida
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Yasukata
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuki Higaki
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Hideyuki Takahashi
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Yamada
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
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Individual Variability Is More Important Than Analytical Methods When Calculating Relative Speed of Beverage Bioavailability. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2023; 33:102-111. [PMID: 36634306 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2022-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Deuterium oxide (D2O) appearance in blood is a marker of fluid bioavailability. However, whether biomarker robustness (e.g., relative fluid delivery speed) is consistent across analytical methods (e.g., cavity ring-down spectroscopy) remains unclear. Fourteen men ingested fluid (6 ml/kg body mass) containing 0.15 g/kg D2O followed by 45 min blood sampling. Plasma (D2O) was detected (n = 8) by the following: isotope-ratio mass spectrometry after vapor equilibration (IRMS-equilibrated water) or distillation (IRMS-plasma) and cavity ring-down spectroscopy. Two models calculated D2O halftime to peak (t1/2max): sigmoid curve fit versus asymmetric triangle (TRI). Background (D2O) differed (p < .001, η2 = .98) among IRMS-equilibrated water, IRMS-plasma, and cavity ring-down spectroscopy (152.2 ± 0.8, 147.2 ± 1.5, and 137.7 ± 2.2 ppm), but did not influence (p > .05) D2O appearance (Δppm), time to peak, or t1/2max. Stratifying participants based on mean t1/2max (12 min) into "slow" versus "fast" subgroups resulted in a 5.8 min difference (p < .001, η2 = .73). Significant t1/2max model (p = .01, η2 = .44) and Model × Speed Subgroup interaction (p = .005, η2 = .50) effects were observed. Bias between TRI and sigmoid curve fit increased with t1/2max speed: no difference (p = .75) for fast (9.0 min vs. 9.2 min, respectively) but greater t1/2max (p = .001) with TRI for the slow subgroup (16.1 min vs. 13.7 min). Fluid bioavailability markers are less influenced by which laboratory method is used to measure D2O as compared with the individual variability effects that influence models for calculating t1/2max. Thus, TRI model may not be appropriate for individuals with slow fluid delivery speeds.
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Sagayama H, Yamada Y, Kondo E, Tanabe Y, Uchizawa A, Shankaran M, Nyangau E, Evans WJ, Hellerstein M, Yasukata J, Higaki Y, Ohnishi T, Takahashi H. Skeletal muscle mass can be estimated by creatine (methyl-d 3) dilution and is correlated with fat-free mass in active young males. Eur J Clin Nutr 2023; 77:393-399. [PMID: 36376405 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01237-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessing whole-body skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and fat-free mass (FFM) is essential for the adequate nutritional management and training evaluation of athletes and trained individuals. This study aimed to determine the relationship between SMM assessed using the creatine (methyl-d3) dilution (D3-creatine) method and SMM estimated by whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in healthy young men undergoing exercise training. Additionally, we examined the association between FFM measured using the four-component (4C) method (FFM4C) and the total body protein value estimated using 4C (TBpro4C). METHODS AND RESULTS We analyzed the data of 29 males (mean age, 19.9 ± 1.8 years) who exercised regularly. SMM measurements were obtained using the D3-creatine method (SMMD3-creatine) and MRI (SMMMRI). The SMMD3-creatine adjusted to 4.3 g/SMM kg was significantly higher than SMMMRI (p < 0.01). The fit of the creatine pool size compared with SMMMRI was 5.0 g/SMMMRI kg. SMMMRI was significantly correlated with both SMMD3-creatine adjusted to 4.3 g/kg and 5.1 g/kg. TBpro4C was significantly lower than SMMMRI (p < 0.01). Contrastingly, FFM4C was significantly higher than SMMMRI (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS SMMD3-creatine adjusted to 4.3 g/SMM kg-a previously reported value-may differ for athletes and active young males. We believe that a value of 5.0-5.1 g/SMM kg better estimates the total muscle mass in this population. Traditional FFM estimation highly correlates with SMMMRI in well-trained young males, and the relationships appear strong enough for total body protein or SMM to be estimated through the FFM value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Sagayama
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Yamada
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emi Kondo
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Tanabe
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Uchizawa
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Mahalakshmi Shankaran
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Edna Nyangau
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - William J Evans
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Marc Hellerstein
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jun Yasukata
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuki Higaki
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Hideyuki Takahashi
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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Green DR, Olack G, Tütken T, Leichliter J, Winkler DE, Clauss M, Vonhof H, Colman AS. A simple CO 2 equilibration method for measuring blood oxygen isotope compositions. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2022; 36:e9256. [PMID: 35028987 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Blood water oxygen isotope compositions can provide valuable insights into physiological processes and ecological patterns. While blood samples are commonly drawn for medical or scientific purposes, blood fractions are infrequently measured for oxygen isotopic compositions (δ18 O) because such measurements are time consuming and expensive. METHODS We sampled blood from sheep, goats, and iguanas raised in field and animal laboratories into serum, EDTA, heparin, and uncoated plastic vials commonly used in medical and scientific research, then separated red blood cell (RBC) and plasma or serum blood fractions. These were injected into helium-flushed Exetainer tubes where they naturally outgassed endogenous CO2 (goat blood), or into He- and CO2 -flushed tubes (iguana blood). The CO2 gas was sampled on a GasBench II system, and δ18 O was measured by an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS). RESULTS Repeated δ18 O measurements were stable over multiple days. The addition of desiccated blood solids to water standards had little impact on their δ18 O measurements, suggesting that organic molecular constituents within blood serum and plasma do not interfere with blood water δ18 O values. We observed slight but statistically significant δ18 O offsets between plasma, serum and RBC fractions. Mass-dependent body water turnover times for iguanas were derived from the data. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that a simple blood-CO2 equilibration method using the GasBench can quickly, reliably and accurately characterize water δ18 O in the plasma, RBC, and whole blood fractions of mammalian and reptilian blood samples (precision ≤ 0.1‰). This method will expand the application of blood stable isotope analysis in physiological and medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Green
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory and Earth Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gerard Olack
- Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thomas Tütken
- Applied and Analytical Palaeontology, Institute of Geosciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jennifer Leichliter
- Applied and Analytical Palaeontology, Institute of Geosciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniela E Winkler
- Applied and Analytical Palaeontology, Institute of Geosciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Natural Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Marcus Clauss
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hubert Vonhof
- Climate Geochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Albert S Colman
- Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
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