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Edalati S, Slobin J, Harsinay A, Vasan V, Taha MA, Del Signore A, Govindaraj S, Iloreta AM. Augmented and Virtual Reality Applications in Rhinology: A Scoping Review. Laryngoscope 2024. [PMID: 38924127 DOI: 10.1002/lary.31602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) are innovative technologies that have a wide range of potential applications in the health care industry. The aim of this study was to investigate the body of research on AR and VR applications in rhinology by performing a scoping review. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Scopus, and Embase. REVIEW METHODS According to PRISM-ScR guidelines, a scoping review of literature on the application of AR and/or VR in the context of Rhinology was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Embase. RESULTS Forty-nine articles from 1996 to 2023 met the criteria for review. Five broad types of AR and/or VR applications were found: preoperative, intraoperative, training/education, feasibility, and technical. The subsequent clinical domains were recognized: craniovertebral surgery, nasal endoscopy, transsphenoidal surgery, skull base surgery, endoscopic sinus surgery, and sinonasal malignancies. CONCLUSION AR and VR have comprehensive applications in Rhinology. AR for surgical navigation may have the most emerging potential in skull base surgery and endoscopic sinus surgery. VR can be utilized as an engaging training tool for surgeons and residents and as a distraction analgesia for patients undergoing office-based procedures. Additional research is essential to further understand the tangible effects of these technologies on measurable clinical results. Laryngoscope, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun Edalati
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jacqueline Slobin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ariel Harsinay
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Vikram Vasan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mohamed A Taha
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anthony Del Signore
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Satish Govindaraj
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alfred Marc Iloreta
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Peng MJ, Chen HY, Chen P, Tan Z, Hu Y, To MKT, He E. Virtual reality-based surgical planning simulator for tumorous resection in FreeForm Modeling: an illustrative case of clinical teaching. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2024; 14:2060-2068. [PMID: 38415160 PMCID: PMC10895132 DOI: 10.21037/qims-23-1151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The importance of virtual reality (VR) has been emphasized by many medical studies, yet it has been relatively under-applied to surgical operation. This study characterized how VR has been applied in clinical education and evaluated its tutorial utility by designing a surgical model of tumorous resection as a simulator for preoperative planning and medical tutorial. A 36-year-old male patient with a femoral tumor who was admitted to the Affiliated Jiangmen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital was randomly selected and scanned by computed tomography (CT). The data in digital imaging and communications in medicine (*.DICOM) format were imported into Mimics to reconstruct a femoral model, and were generated to the format of *.stl executing in the computer-aided design (CAD) software SenSable FreeForm Modeling (SFM). A bony tumor was simulated by adding clay to the femur, the procedure of tumorous resection was virtually performed with a toolkit called Phantom, and its bony defect was filled with virtual cement. A 3D workspace was created to enable the individual multimodality manipulation, and a virtual operation of tumorous excision was successfully carried out with indefinitely repeated running. The precise delineation of surgical margins was shown to be achieved with expert proficiency and inexperienced hands among 43 of 50 participants. This simulative educator presented an imitation of high definition, those trained by VR models achieved a higher success rate of 86% than the rate of 74% achieved by those trained by conventional methods. This tumorous resection was repeatably handled by SFM, including the establishment of surgical strategy, whereby participants felt that respondent force feedback was beneficial to surgical teaching programs, enabling engagement of learning experiences by immersive events which mimic real-world circumstances to reinforce didactic and clinical concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Jianqiao Peng
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Affiliated Jiangmen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Jinan University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Hai-Yan Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Huidong People’s Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Peikai Chen
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhijia Tan
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yong Hu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michael Kai-Tsun To
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Erxing He
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Affiliated 4th Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Cuello JF, Bardach A, Gromadzyn G, Ruiz Johnson A, Comandé D, Aguirre E, Ruvinsky S. Neurosurgical simulation models developed in Latin America and the Caribbean: a scoping review. Neurosurg Rev 2023; 47:24. [PMID: 38159156 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-023-02263-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Simulation training is an educational tool that provides technical and cognitive proficiency in a risk-free environment. Several models have recently been presented in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). However, many of them were presented in non-indexed literature and not included in international reviews. This scoping review aims to describe the simulation models developed in LAC for neurosurgery training. Specifically, it focuses on assessing the models developed in LAC, the simulated neurosurgical procedures, the model's manufacturing costs, and the translational outcomes. Simulation models developed in LAC were considered, with no language or time restriction. Cadaveric, ex vivo, animal, synthetic, and virtual/augmented reality models were included for cranial and spinal procedures. We conducted a review according to the PRISMA-ScR, including international and regional reports from indexed and non-indexed literature. Two independent reviewers screened articles. Conflicts were resolved by a third reviewer using Covidence software. We collected data regarding the country of origin, recreated procedure, type of model, model validity, and manufacturing costs. Upon screening 917 studies, 69 models were developed in LAC. Most of them were developed in Brazil (49.28%). The most common procedures were related to general neurosurgery (20.29%), spine (17.39%), and ventricular neuroendoscopy and cerebrovascular (15.94% both). Synthetic models were the most frequent ones (38.98%). The manufacturing cost ranged from 4.00 to 2005.00 US Dollars. To our knowledge, this is the first scoping review about simulation models in LAC, setting the basis for future research studies. It depicts an increasing number of simulation models in the region, allowing a wide range of neurosurgical training in a resource-limited setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ariel Bardach
- Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria (IECS-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Salud Pública (CIESP-IECS), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guido Gromadzyn
- Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Daniel Comandé
- Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria (IECS-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emilio Aguirre
- Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Cordero, San Fernando, Argentina
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Santona G, Madoglio A, Mattavelli D, Rigante M, Ferrari M, Lauretti L, Mattogno P, Parrilla C, De Bonis P, Galli J, Olivi A, Fontanella MM, Fiorentino A, Serpelloni M, Doglietto F. Training models and simulators for endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery: a systematic review. Neurosurg Rev 2023; 46:248. [PMID: 37725193 PMCID: PMC10509294 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-023-02149-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery is a novel surgical technique requiring specific training. Different models and simulators have been recently suggested for it, but no systematic review is available. To provide a systematic and critical literature review and up-to-date description of the training models or simulators dedicated to endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery. A search was performed on PubMed and Scopus databases for articles published until February 2023; Google was also searched to document commercially available. For each model, the following features were recorded: training performed, tumor/arachnoid reproduction, assessment and validation, and cost. Of the 1199 retrieved articles, 101 were included in the final analysis. The described models can be subdivided into 5 major categories: (1) enhanced cadaveric heads; (2) animal models; (3) training artificial solutions, with increasing complexity (from "box-trainers" to multi-material, ct-based models); (4) training simulators, based on virtual or augmented reality; (5) Pre-operative planning models and simulators. Each available training model has specific advantages and limitations. Costs are high for cadaver-based solutions and vary significantly for the other solutions. Cheaper solutions seem useful only for the first stages of training. Most models do not provide a simulation of the sellar tumor, and a realistic simulation of the suprasellar arachnoid. Most artificial models do not provide a realistic and cost-efficient simulation of the most delicate and relatively common phase of surgery, i.e., tumor removal with arachnoid preservation; current research should optimize this to train future neurosurgical generations efficiently and safely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Santona
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alba Madoglio
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sant' Anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Davide Mattavelli
- Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mario Rigante
- Otorhinolaryngology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Ferrari
- Section of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua - Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Liverana Lauretti
- Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, Sensory Organs and Thorax, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Mattogno
- Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Parrilla
- Otorhinolaryngology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Bonis
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sant' Anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Jacopo Galli
- Otorhinolaryngology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Neurosciences, Sensory Organs and Thorax, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Olivi
- Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, Sensory Organs and Thorax, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Maria Fontanella
- Neurosurgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiologic Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia - ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonio Fiorentino
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mauro Serpelloni
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Doglietto
- Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, Sensory Organs and Thorax, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
- Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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Hattori Y, Ishisaka E, Tahara S, Suzuki K, Teramoto S, Morita A. Creation of low cost, simple, and easy-to-use training kit for the dura mater suturing in endoscopic transnasal pituitary/skull base surgery. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6073. [PMID: 37055468 PMCID: PMC10101945 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32311-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Training kits for laparoscopes for deep suturing under endoscopes are commercially available; however, previously reported training kits for endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal pituitary/skull base surgery (eTSS) were not available in the market. Moreover, the previously reported low cost, self-made kit has the drawback of being unrealistic. This study aimed to create a low cost training kit for eTSS dura mater suturing that was as close to real as possible. Most necessary items were obtained from the 100-yen store ($1 store) or from everyday supplies. As an alternative to the endoscope, a stick-type camera was used. Through the assembly of the materials, a simple and easy-to-use training kit was created, which is almost identical to the actual dural suturing situation. In eTSS, a simple and easy-to-use training kit for dural suturing was successfully created at a low cost. This kit is expected to be used for deep suture operations and the development of surgical instruments for training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiro Hattori
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan.
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Eitaro Ishisaka
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Tahara
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan
| | - Koji Suzuki
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Teramoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akio Morita
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan
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Ng PY, Bing EG, Cuevas A, Aggarwal A, Chi B, Sundar S, Mwanahamuntu M, Mutebi M, Sullivan R, Parham GP. Virtual reality and surgical oncology. Ecancermedicalscience 2023; 17:1525. [PMID: 37113716 PMCID: PMC10129400 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2023.1525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 80% of people diagnosed with cancer will require surgery. However, less than 5% have access to safe, affordable and timely surgery in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) settings mostly due to the lack of trained workforce. Since its creation, virtual reality (VR) has been heralded as a viable adjunct to surgical training, but its adoption in surgical oncology to date is poorly understood. We undertook a systematic review to determine the application of VR across different surgical specialties, modalities and cancer pathway globally between January 2011 and 2021. We reviewed their characteristics and respective methods of validation of 24 articles. The results revealed gaps in application and accessibility of VR with a proclivity for high-income countries and high-risk, complex oncological surgeries. There is a lack of standardisation of clinical evaluation of VR, both in terms of clinical trials and implementation science. While all VR illustrated face and content validity, only around two-third exhibited construct validity and predictive validity was lacking overall. In conclusion, the asynchrony between VR development and actual global cancer surgery demand means the technology is not effectively, efficiently and equitably utilised to realise its surgical capacity-building potential. Future research should prioritise cost-effective VR technologies with predictive validity for high demand, open cancer surgeries required in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yun Ng
- King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
- Guy’s and St Thomas’ Trust, London SE1 9R, UK
| | - Eric G Bing
- Institute for Leadership Impact, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75205, USA
| | - Anthony Cuevas
- Department of Teaching and Learning, Technology-Enhanced Immersive Learning Cluster, Annette Simmons School of Education and Human Development, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75205, USA
| | - Ajay Aggarwal
- King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
- Guy’s and St Thomas’ Trust, London SE1 9R, UK
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Benjamin Chi
- Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Sudha Sundar
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B152TT, UK
- Pan Birmingham Gynaecological Cancer Centre, City Hospital, Birmingham, B187QH, UK
| | | | - Miriam Mutebi
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi 30270-00100, Kenya
| | - Richard Sullivan
- Conflict & Health Research Group, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Groesbeck P Parham
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi 30270-00100, Kenya
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Gutierrez-Giles A, Padilla-Castañeda MA, Alvarez-Icaza L, Gutierrez-Herrera E. Force-Sensorless Identification and Classification of Tissue Biomechanical Parameters for Robot-Assisted Palpation. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:8670. [PMID: 36433266 PMCID: PMC9694668 DOI: 10.3390/s22228670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of robotic systems for minimally invasive surgery and medical procedures is an active topic of research in recent years. One of the most common procedures is the palpation of soft tissues to identify their mechanical characteristics. In particular, it is very useful to identify the tissue's stiffness or equivalently its elasticity coefficient. However, this identification relies on the existence of a force sensor or a tactile sensor mounted at the tip of the robot, as well as on measuring the robot velocity. For some applications it would be desirable to identify the biomechanical characteristics of soft tissues without the need for a force/tactile nor velocity sensors. An estimation of such quantities can be obtained by a model-based state observer for which the inputs are only the robot joint positions and its commanded joint torques. The estimated velocities and forces can then be employed for closed-loop force control, force reflection, and mechanical parameters estimation. In this work, a closed-loop force control is proposed based on the estimated contact forces to avoid any tissue damage. Then, the information from the estimated forces and velocities is used in a least squares estimator of the mechanical parameters. Moreover, the estimated biomechanical parameters are employed in a Bayesian classifier to provide further help for the physician to make a diagnosis. We have found that a combination of the parameters of both linear and nonlinear viscoelastic models provide better classification results: 0% misclassifications against 50% when using a linear model, and 3.12% when using only a nonlinear model, for the case in which the samples have very similar mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gutierrez-Giles
- Centro de Estudios en Computación Avanzada (CECAv), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología (ICAT), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Miguel A. Padilla-Castañeda
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología (ICAT), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Luis Alvarez-Icaza
- Instituto de Ingeniería (II), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Enoch Gutierrez-Herrera
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología (ICAT), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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Hsia SK, Chuang YH, Chen CW. Auto-Tuned Motion Scaling in Teleoperation Based on Human Reaction Model Identification. IEEE Robot Autom Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1109/lra.2021.3126342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Development and assessment of an educational application for the proper use of ceiling-suspended radiation shielding screens in angiography rooms using augmented reality technology. Eur J Radiol 2021; 143:109925. [PMID: 34482175 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2021.109925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE An augmented reality (AR) application to help medical staff involved in interventional radiology (IR) learn how to properly use ceiling-suspended radiation shielding screens was created, and its utility was tested from the perspective of learner motivation. METHOD The distribution of scattered radiation in an angiography room was visualized with an AR application in three settings: when a ceiling-suspended radiation shielding screen is not used (incorrect); when there is a gap between the bottom edge of the shielding screen and the patient's torso (incorrect); and when there is no gap between the bottom edge of the shielding screen and the patient's torso (correct). This AR application was used by 33 medical staff, after which an Instructional Materials Motivation Survey (IMMS) based on the John Keller's ARCS (four categories of Attention, Relevance, Confidence, and Satisfaction) Motivation Model, consisting of 36-items with responses on a 5-point (1-5) Likert scale, was conducted. RESULTS The overall score was a high 4.67 ± 0.30 (mean ± standard deviation). Physician's scores tended to be lower than those of other medical staff in the categories of Attention, Relevance, and Satisfaction (not statistically significant). CONCLUSIONS The AR application to learn how to properly use ceiling-suspended radiation shielding screens was highly rated from the perspective of learner motivation.
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Teodoro-Vite S, Pérez-Lomelí JS, Domínguez-Velasco CF, Hernández-Valencia AF, Capurso-García MA, Padilla-Castañeda MA. A High-Fidelity Hybrid Virtual Reality Simulator of Aneurysm Clipping Repair With Brain Sylvian Fissure Exploration for Vascular Neurosurgery Training. Simul Healthc 2021; 16:285-294. [PMID: 32701862 DOI: 10.1097/sih.0000000000000489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Microsurgery clipping is one of the most challenging surgical interventions in neurosurgery. The opportunities to train residents are scarce, but the need for accumulating practice is mandatory. New simulating tools are needed for skill learning. METHODS The design, implementation, and assessment of a new hybrid aneurysm clipping simulator are presented. It consists of an ergonomic workstation with a patient head mannequin and a physics-based virtual reality simulation with bimanual haptic feedback. The simulator recreates scenarios of microsurgery from the patient fixation and the exploration of the brain lobes through Sylvian fissure and vascular structures to the aneurysm clipping. Skill metrics were introduced, including monitoring of gestures movements, exerted forces, tissue displacements, and precision in clipping. RESULTS Two experimental conditions were tested: (1) simple clipping without brain tissue exploration and (2) clipping the aneurysm with brain Sylvian fissure exploration. Differences in the bimanual gestures were observed between both conditions. The quantitative measurements of tissue displacement of the brain lobes exhibited more tissue retrieval for the surgical gestures of neurosurgeons. Appraisal with questionnaires showed positive scores by neurosurgeons in all items evaluating the usability and realism of the simulator. CONCLUSIONS The simulator was well accepted and feasible for training purposes. The analysis of the interactions with virtual tissues offers information to establish differential and common patterns between tested groups and thus useful metrics for skill evaluation of practitioners. Future work can lead to other tasks during the intervention and the inclusion of more clinical cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Teodoro-Vite
- From the Applied Sciences and Technology Institute (ST-V, JSP, CFD, MAP-C), National Autonomous University of Mexico, Ciudad Universitaria; Neurology and Neurosurgery Service Unit (AFH-V), General Hospital of Mexico "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga"; Directorate of Education and Training in Health, General Hospital of Mexico "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga" (MAC-G), Mexico City, Mexico
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Chan J, Pangal DJ, Cardinal T, Kugener G, Zhu Y, Roshannai A, Markarian N, Sinha A, Anandkumar A, Hung A, Zada G, Donoho DA. A systematic review of virtual reality for the assessment of technical skills in neurosurgery. Neurosurg Focus 2021; 51:E15. [PMID: 34333472 DOI: 10.3171/2021.5.focus21210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) systems are increasingly available to neurosurgeons. These systems may provide opportunities for technical rehearsal and assessments of surgeon performance. The assessment of neurosurgeon skill in VR and AR environments and the validity of VR and AR feedback has not been systematically reviewed. METHODS A systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was conducted through MEDLINE and PubMed. Studies published in English between January 1990 and February 2021 describing the use of VR or AR to quantify surgical technical performance of neurosurgeons without the use of human raters were included. The types and categories of automated performance metrics (APMs) from each of these studies were recorded. RESULTS Thirty-three VR studies were included in the review; no AR studies met inclusion criteria. VR APMs were categorized as either distance to target, force, kinematics, time, blood loss, or volume of resection. Distance and time were the most well-studied APM domains, although all domains were effective at differentiating surgeon experience levels. Distance was successfully used to track improvements with practice. Examining volume of resection demonstrated that attending surgeons removed less simulated tumor but preserved more normal tissue than trainees. More recently, APMs have been used in machine learning algorithms to predict level of training with a high degree of accuracy. Key limitations to enhanced-reality systems include limited AR usage for automated surgical assessment and lack of external and longitudinal validation of VR systems. CONCLUSIONS VR has been used to assess surgeon performance across a wide spectrum of domains. The VR environment can be used to quantify surgeon performance, assess surgeon proficiency, and track training progression. AR systems have not yet been used to provide metrics for surgeon performance assessment despite potential for intraoperative integration. VR-based APMs may be especially useful for metrics that are difficult to assess intraoperatively, including blood loss and extent of resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Chan
- 1USC Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dhiraj J Pangal
- 1USC Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tyler Cardinal
- 1USC Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Guillaume Kugener
- 1USC Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yichao Zhu
- 1USC Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Arman Roshannai
- 1USC Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nicholas Markarian
- 1USC Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Aditya Sinha
- 1USC Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anima Anandkumar
- 2Computing + Mathematical Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
| | - Andrew Hung
- 3USC Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Gabriel Zada
- 1USC Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Daniel A Donoho
- 4Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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12
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Salmas M, Chytas D, Protogerou V, Demesticha T, Skandalakis GP, Troupis T. Letter to the Editor Regarding "Tactile Skill-Based Neurosurgical Simulators Are Effective and Inexpensive". World Neurosurg 2020; 143:591-592. [PMID: 33167126 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.07.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marios Salmas
- Department of Anatomy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Chytas
- Department of Anatomy, European University of Cyprus, Engomi, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Vassilios Protogerou
- Department of Anatomy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Theano Demesticha
- Department of Anatomy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios P Skandalakis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Theodore Troupis
- Department of Anatomy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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13
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Chytas D, Chronopoulos E, Salmas M, Babis GC, Kaseta MK, Nikolaou VS. Letter: Design and Validation of a Cervical Laminectomy Simulator using 3-Dimensional Printing and Hydrogel Phantoms. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2020; 19:E220-E221. [PMID: 32392299 DOI: 10.1093/ons/opaa118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Chytas
- 2nd Orthopaedic Department School of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens "Konstantopoulio-Patission" Hospital Nea Ionia, Greece
| | - Efstathios Chronopoulos
- 2nd Orthopaedic Department School of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens "Konstantopoulio-Patission" Hospital Nea Ionia, Greece
| | - Marios Salmas
- Department of Anatomy School of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens, Greece
| | - George C Babis
- 2nd Orthopaedic Department School of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens "Konstantopoulio-Patission" Hospital Nea Ionia, Greece
| | - Maria-Kyriaki Kaseta
- 2nd Orthopaedic Department School of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens "Konstantopoulio-Patission" Hospital Nea Ionia, Greece
| | - Vasileios S Nikolaou
- 2nd Orthopaedic Department School of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens "Konstantopoulio-Patission" Hospital Nea Ionia, Greece
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14
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Xiao X, Zhao S, Meng Y, Soghier L, Zhang X, Hahn J. A Physics-based Virtual Reality Simulation Framework for Neonatal Endotracheal Intubation. PROCEEDINGS. IEEE CONFERENCE ON VIRTUAL REALITY AND 3D USER INTERFACES 2020; 2020:557-565. [PMID: 32490403 DOI: 10.1109/vr46266.2020.1581028031480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal endotracheal intubation (ETI) is a complex procedure. Low intubation success rates for pediatric residents indicate the current training regimen is inadequate for achieving positive patient out-comes. Computer-based training systems in this field have been limited due to the complex nature of simulating in real-time, the anatomical structures, soft tissue deformations and frequent tool interactions with large forces which occur during actual patient intubation. This paper addresses the issues of neonatal ETI training in an attempt to bridge the gap left by traditional training methods. We propose a fully interactive physics-based virtual reality (VR) simulation framework for neonatal ETI that converts the training of this medical procedure to a completely immersive virtual environment where both visual and physical realism were achieved. Our system embeds independent dynamics models and interaction devices in separate modules while allowing them to interact with each other within the same environment, which offers a flexible solution for multi-modal medical simulation scenarios. The virtual model was extracted from CT scans of a neonatal patient, which provides realistic anatomical structures and was parameterized to allow variations in a range of features that affect the level of difficulty. Moreover, with this manikin-free VR system, we can capture and visualize an even larger set of performance parameters in relation to the internal geometric change of the virtual model for real-time guidance and post-trial assessment. Lastly, validation study results from a group of neonatologists are presented demonstrating that VR is a promising platform to train medical professionals effectively for this procedure.
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15
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Takemoto J, Parmentier B, Bratelli R, Merritt T, California Health Sciences University L. Extended Reality in Patient Care and Pharmacy Practice: A Viewpoint. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PHARMACY PRACTICE 2020. [DOI: 10.37901/jcphp18-00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of technology has given practitioners and educators more tools to better treat, manage, and educate both patients and future pharmacists. The objective of this viewpoint publication is to describe the current use of extended reality (XR) in pharmacy and propose ways in which pharmacy practice and education may benefit from incorporation of this technology. While these tools have been used for decades by many other professions, pharmacy is starting to adopt XR in professional and educational practice. XR (virtual reality, mixed reality, and augmented reality) is being used in various aspects of pharmacy care and education, such as pain management, diabetes self-care, cross-checking of prescriptions, treatments for addiction, and (in limited ways) patient and pharmacy education. There is great potential for further integration of XR into pharmacy practice and pharmacy education to ultimately improve patient care and education as well as pharmacy education.
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16
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Pinter C, Lasso A, Choueib S, Asselin M, Fillion-Robin JC, Vimort JB, Martin K, Jolley MA, Fichtinger G. SlicerVR for Medical Intervention Training and Planning in Immersive Virtual Reality. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 2:108-117. [PMID: 33748693 DOI: 10.1109/tmrb.2020.2983199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Virtual reality (VR) provides immersive visualization that has proved to be useful in a variety of medical applications. Currently, however, no free open-source software platform exists that would provide comprehensive support for translational clinical researchers in prototyping experimental VR scenarios in training, planning or guiding medical interventions. By integrating VR functions in 3D Slicer, an established medical image analysis and visualization platform, SlicerVR enables virtual reality experience by a single click. It provides functions to navigate and manipulate the virtual scene, as well as various settings to abate the feeling of motion sickness. SlicerVR allows for shared collaborative VR experience both locally and remotely. We present illustrative scenarios created with SlicerVR in a wide spectrum of applications, including echocardiography, neurosurgery, spine surgery, brachytherapy, intervention training and personalized patient education. SlicerVR is freely available under BSD type license as an extension to 3D Slicer and it has been downloaded over 7,800 times at the time of writing this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Pinter
- Laboratory for Percutaneous Surgery, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Andras Lasso
- Laboratory for Percutaneous Surgery, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Saleh Choueib
- Laboratory for Percutaneous Surgery, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Mark Asselin
- Laboratory for Percutaneous Surgery, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | | | | | - Ken Martin
- Kitware Incorporated, Carrboro, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Gabor Fichtinger
- Laboratory for Percutaneous Surgery, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
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17
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Marinho MM, Harada K, Morita A, Mitsuishi M. SmartArm: Integration and validation of a versatile surgical robotic system for constrained workspaces. Int J Med Robot 2020; 16:e2053. [PMID: 31677353 DOI: 10.1002/rcs.2053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the increasing presence of surgical robots minimally invasive surgery, there is a growing necessity of a versatile surgical system for deep and narrow workspaces. METHODS We developed a versatile system for constrained workspaces called SmartArm. It has two industrial-type robotic arms with flexible tools attached to its distal tip, with a total of nine active degrees-of-freedom. The system has a control algorithm based on constrained optimization that allows the safe generation of task constraints and intuitive teleoperation. RESULTS The SmartArm system is evaluated in a master-slave experiment in which a medically untrained user operates the robot to suture the dura mater membrane at the skull base of a realistic head phantom. Our results show that the user could accomplish the task proficiently, with speed and accuracy comparable to manual suturing by surgeons. Conclusions We demonstrated the integration and validation of the SmartArm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kanako Harada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Mamoru Mitsuishi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Takemoto J, Parmentier B, Bratelli R, Merritt T, Coyne L. Extended Reality in Patient Care and Pharmacy Practice: A Viewpoint. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PHARMACY PRACTICE 2019. [DOI: 10.37901/2573-2765-66.4.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of technology has given practitioners and educators more tools to better treat, manage, and educate both patients and future pharmacists. The objective of this viewpoint publication is to describe the current use of extended reality (XR) in pharmacy and propose ways in which pharmacy practice and education may benefit from incorporation of this technology. While these tools have been used for decades by many other professions, pharmacy is starting to adopt XR in professional and educational practice. XR (virtual reality, mixed reality, and augmented reality) is being used in various aspects of pharmacy care and education, such as pain management, diabetes self-care, cross-checking of prescriptions, treatments for addiction, and (in limited ways) patient and pharmacy education. There is great potential for further integration of XR into pharmacy practice and pharmacy education to ultimately improve patient care and education as well as pharmacy education.
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19
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Uppot RN, Laguna B, McCarthy CJ, De Novi G, Phelps A, Siegel E, Courtier J. Implementing Virtual and Augmented Reality Tools for Radiology Education and Training, Communication, and Clinical Care. Radiology 2019; 291:570-580. [PMID: 30990383 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2019182210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Advances in virtual immersive and augmented reality technology, commercially available for the entertainment and gaming industry, hold potential for education and clinical use in medicine and the field of medical imaging. Radiology departments have begun exploring the use of these technologies to help with radiology education and clinical care. The purpose of this review article is to summarize how three institutions have explored using virtual and augmented reality for radiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul N Uppot
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Gray 290, Boston, MA 02114 (R.N.U., C.J.M., G.D.N.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, Calif (B.L., A.P., J.C.); and Department of Radiology, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Md (E.S.)
| | - Benjamin Laguna
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Gray 290, Boston, MA 02114 (R.N.U., C.J.M., G.D.N.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, Calif (B.L., A.P., J.C.); and Department of Radiology, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Md (E.S.)
| | - Colin J McCarthy
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Gray 290, Boston, MA 02114 (R.N.U., C.J.M., G.D.N.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, Calif (B.L., A.P., J.C.); and Department of Radiology, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Md (E.S.)
| | - Gianluca De Novi
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Gray 290, Boston, MA 02114 (R.N.U., C.J.M., G.D.N.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, Calif (B.L., A.P., J.C.); and Department of Radiology, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Md (E.S.)
| | - Andrew Phelps
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Gray 290, Boston, MA 02114 (R.N.U., C.J.M., G.D.N.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, Calif (B.L., A.P., J.C.); and Department of Radiology, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Md (E.S.)
| | - Eliot Siegel
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Gray 290, Boston, MA 02114 (R.N.U., C.J.M., G.D.N.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, Calif (B.L., A.P., J.C.); and Department of Radiology, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Md (E.S.)
| | - Jesse Courtier
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Gray 290, Boston, MA 02114 (R.N.U., C.J.M., G.D.N.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, Calif (B.L., A.P., J.C.); and Department of Radiology, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Md (E.S.)
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20
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Heredia-Pérez SA, Harada K, Padilla-Castañeda MA, Marques-Marinho M, Márquez-Flores JA, Mitsuishi M. Virtual reality simulation of robotic transsphenoidal brain tumor resection: Evaluating dynamic motion scaling in a master-slave system. Int J Med Robot 2018; 15:e1953. [PMID: 30117272 PMCID: PMC6587960 DOI: 10.1002/rcs.1953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Integrating simulators with robotic surgical procedures could assist in designing and testing of novel robotic control algorithms and further enhance patient‐specific pre‐operative planning and training for robotic surgeries. Methods A virtual reality simulator, developed to perform the transsphenoidal resection of pituitary gland tumours, tested the usability of robotic interfaces and control algorithms. It used position‐based dynamics to allow soft‐tissue deformation and resection with haptic feedback; dynamic motion scaling control was also incorporated into the simulator. Results Neurosurgeons and residents performed the surgery under constant and dynamic motion scaling conditions (CMS vs DMS). DMS increased dexterity and reduced the risk of damage to healthy brain tissue. Post‐experimental questionnaires indicated that the system was well‐evaluated by experts. Conclusion The simulator was intuitively and realistically operated. It increased the safety and accuracy of the procedure without affecting intervention time. Future research can investigate incorporating this simulation into a real micro‐surgical robotic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saúl A Heredia-Pérez
- Applied Sciences and Technology Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Kanako Harada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miguel A Padilla-Castañeda
- Applied Sciences and Technology Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Murilo Marques-Marinho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jorge A Márquez-Flores
- Applied Sciences and Technology Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mamoru Mitsuishi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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