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Intramolecular photo-driven charge transfer in a series of pyridyl substituted phenyloxazoles. Structural relaxation in meta-substituted ethylpyridinium derivative of phenyloxazole. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:1419-1428. [PMID: 34585368 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00103-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of pyridyl (pyridinium) substituted benzoxazoles were studied by steady state absorption, fluorescence spectroscopy, time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy, fs pulse absorption and polarization spectroscopy, and quantum-chemical calculations. The spectral and kinetic parameters of the fluorophores in MeCN and EtOAc were obtained experimentally and were calculated by means of DFT and TDDFT methods. A scheme including four transient excited states was proposed for the interpretation of differential absorption kinetics of the charged fluorophores. Expressions describing the actual kinetics graphs, the decay associated spectra, and the species-associated spectra were derived. The charge shift step was found to be dependent on average solvation times. A charge shift followed by the formation of the twisted conformer was found for the excited 1-ethyl-3-(5-phenyloxazol-2-yl)pyridinium 4-methyl-1-benzenesulfonate in MeCN and EtOAc. Conformational analysis confirms a large amplitude motion of the meta-substituted ethylpyridinium group as an additional structural relaxation path producing an abnormally large fluorescence Stokes shift.
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2
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Wang C, Qiao Q, Chi W, Chen J, Liu W, Tan D, McKechnie S, Lyu D, Jiang X, Zhou W, Xu N, Zhang Q, Xu Z, Liu X. Quantitative Design of Bright Fluorophores and AIEgens by the Accurate Prediction of Twisted Intramolecular Charge Transfer (TICT). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Fluorescence Research GroupSingapore University of Technology and Design 8 Somapah Road Singapore 487372 Singapore
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Qinglong Qiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Weijie Chi
- Fluorescence Research GroupSingapore University of Technology and Design 8 Somapah Road Singapore 487372 Singapore
| | - Jie Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Davin Tan
- Fluorescence Research GroupSingapore University of Technology and Design 8 Somapah Road Singapore 487372 Singapore
| | - Scott McKechnie
- Department of PhysicsKings College London London WC2R 2LS UK
| | - Da Lyu
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 21 Lower Kent Ridge Rd Singapore 119077 Singapore
| | - Xiao‐Fang Jiang
- School of Physics and Telecommunication EngineeringSouth China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Wei Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Ning Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Qisheng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and FunctionalizationDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Zhaochao Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Fluorescence Research GroupSingapore University of Technology and Design 8 Somapah Road Singapore 487372 Singapore
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3
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Wang C, Qiao Q, Chi W, Chen J, Liu W, Tan D, McKechnie S, Lyu D, Jiang XF, Zhou W, Xu N, Zhang Q, Xu Z, Liu X. Quantitative Design of Bright Fluorophores and AIEgens by the Accurate Prediction of Twisted Intramolecular Charge Transfer (TICT). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:10160-10172. [PMID: 31943591 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of TICT can significantly increase the brightness of fluorescent materials. Accurate prediction of TICT is thus critical for the quantitative design of high-performance fluorophores and AIEgens. TICT of 14 types of popular organic fluorophores were modeled with time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). A reliable and generalizable computational approach for modeling TICT formations was established. To demonstrate the prediction power of our approach, we quantitatively designed a boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY)-based AIEgen which exhibits (almost) barrierless TICT rotations in monomers. Subsequent experiments validated our molecular design and showed that the aggregation of this compound turns on bright emissions with ca. 27-fold fluorescence enhancement, as TICT formation is inhibited in molecular aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Fluorescence Research Group, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore.,CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Qinglong Qiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Weijie Chi
- Fluorescence Research Group, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Jie Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Davin Tan
- Fluorescence Research Group, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Scott McKechnie
- Department of Physics, Kings College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Da Lyu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Xiao-Fang Jiang
- School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Ning Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Qisheng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zhaochao Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Fluorescence Research Group, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
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Volchkov VV, Khimich MN, Rusalov MV, Gostev FE, Shelaev IV, Nadtochenko VA, Gromov SP, Melnikov MY. Intramolecular photo‐driven electron transfer in the series of DMABN related compounds with para‐substituted acceptors. Study of the rate constants by Marcus theory. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Valery V. Volchkov
- Chemistry DepartmentM. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail N. Khimich
- Chemistry DepartmentM. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail V. Rusalov
- Chemistry DepartmentM. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Fedor E. Gostev
- N. N. Semenov Institute of Chemical PhysicsRussian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Ivan V. Shelaev
- N. N. Semenov Institute of Chemical PhysicsRussian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Viktor A. Nadtochenko
- N. N. Semenov Institute of Chemical PhysicsRussian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Sergey P. Gromov
- Chemistry DepartmentM. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russian Federation
- Photochemistry Center, FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics”Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail Ya. Melnikov
- Chemistry DepartmentM. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russian Federation
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Banerjee S, Both AK, Sarkar M. Probing the Aggregation and Signaling Behavior of Some Twisted 9,9'-Bianthryl Derivatives: Observation of Aggregation-Induced Blue-Shifted Emission. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:15709-15724. [PMID: 31458225 PMCID: PMC6644316 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
With an aim to understand the photophysical behavior of twisted organic fluorescent molecules in their aggregated state, two twisted biaryl molecules, namely, 9,9'-bianthryl and 10,10'-dicyano-9,9'-bianthryl, have been synthesized and characterized by conventional spectroscopic methods. To understand the role of C-C bond twisting on the photophysical response of biaryl aggregates, monoaryl counterparts (anthracene and 9-anthracenecarbonitrile) of the biaryl systems are also investigated. Photophysical behaviors of these systems along with their monoaryl counterpart are investigated in both solution and aggregated state. Investigations reveal that fluorescence spectra of the biaryl compounds show blue-shifted emission upon aggregation. Interestingly, no blue shift of the emission has been observed for monoaryl aggregates. Photophysical data of biaryl systems compared to monoaryl unit reveal that change in geometry, during self-assembly process, disfavors the formation of charge-transfer state, which eventually causes blue shift in the emission upon aggregation. In addition to this, potential of these systems toward signaling of nitroaromatic explosive has also been explored. Among all of the nitroaromatics, the highest fluorescence quenching is observed for nitrophenols (say picric acid (PA)). The investigation also reveals that compared to monoaryl systems, biaryl systems are more responsive to fluorescence quenching by nitroaromatics. Perrin's model of quenching sphere action has been attributed to nitrophenol (PA) selective signaling behavior of biaryl systems.
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Zachariasse KA, Druzhinin SI, Morawski O, Kozankiewicz B. Fluorescence of 4-(Diisopropylamino)benzonitrile (DIABN) Single Crystals from 300 K down to 5 K. Intramolecular Charge Transfer Disappears below 60 K. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:6985-6996. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b06349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Klaas A. Zachariasse
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik, 37070 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sergey I. Druzhinin
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik, 37070 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Olaf Morawski
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Boleslaw Kozankiewicz
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
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Zachariasse KA, Demeter A, Druzhinin SI. Absence of Intramolecular Charge Transfer with 4-Fluoro-N,N-dimethylaniline (DMA4F), Contrary to an Experimental Report Supported by Computations. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:1223-1232. [PMID: 28099017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b12142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
With 4-fluoro-N,N-dimethylaniline (DMA4F), only a single fluorescence from a locally excited (LE) state is observed, irrespective of solvent polarity, temperature, and excitation wavelength. The relatively small excited state dipole moment μe = 7.3 D confirms the identification as LE. The single exponential fluorescence decays in the nonpolar n-hexane (2.04 ns) and in the strongly polar acetonitrile (5.73 ns) are a further support. Similar results are obtained with 4-chloro-N,N-dimethylaniline (DMA4Cl), having a chlorobenzene subgroup, a somewhat better electron acceptor than the fluorobenzene moiety in DMA4F. The absence of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) with DMA4F is in accord with its large energy gap ΔE(S1,S2) of 8300 cm-1 in n-hexane between the two lowest singlet excited states, which is even larger than that (6300 cm-1) of N,N-dimethylaniline (DMA), for which an LE → ICT reaction likewise does not occur. The results with DMA4F are in contradiction with a publication by Fujiwara et al. ( Chem. Phys. Lett. 2013 , 586 , 70 ), in which the appearance of dual LE + ICT emission is reported for DMA4F in n-hexane and MeCN at room temperature. The ICT/LE fluorescence quantum yield ratio Φ'(ICT)/Φ(LE) reached a maximum value of ∼2, in n-hexane and surprisingly also in MeCN, as the excitation wavelength approaches the red-edge of the absorption spectrum. These, in our opinion, erroneous observations were supported by time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations, which compute a perpendicularly twisted lowest ICT state (TICT) state. This is a further example of the general tendency of computations to find a TICT conformation for the lowest excited singlet state of electron donor/acceptor molecules such as p-substituted anilines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaas A Zachariasse
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik , 37070 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Attila Demeter
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , P.O. Box 286, 1519 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sergey I Druzhinin
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik , 37070 Göttingen, Germany
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Naik NS, Shastri LA, Bathula C, Chougala B, Shastri S, Holiyachi M, Sunagar V. Synthesis, Characterization and Photophysical Studies of Tricoumarin-Pyridines. J Fluoresc 2017; 27:419-425. [PMID: 28070796 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-016-2018-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel tricoumarin-pyridines have been synthesized by the reaction of 4-formyl coumarins and substituted 3-acetylcoumarin with ammonium acetate for the application in organic electronics as well as fluorescent dyes. The structures of all new compounds were confirmed and characterized by IR, 1H NMR and ESI-Mass analysis. All the important photo physical prerequisites for organic electronic application such as strong and broad optical absorption, thermal stability were determined for the synthesized molecules. Optical properties were studied by UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. Optical band gaps of the tricoumarin-pyridines were found to be 2.72-3.10 eV as calculated from their onset absorption edge. The tricoumarin-pyridines were thermally stable up to 290-370 °C as determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Photophysical studies indicate the synthesized materials are promising candidates for organic electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmala S Naik
- Department of Chemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580 003, India
| | - Lokesh A Shastri
- Department of Chemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580 003, India.
| | - Chinna Bathula
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea. .,Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bahubali Chougala
- Department of Chemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580 003, India
| | | | | | - Vinay Sunagar
- Department of Chemistry, G.S.S. College, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
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Bohnwagner MV, Burghardt I, Dreuw A. Solvent Polarity Tunes the Barrier Height for Twisted Intramolecular Charge Transfer in N-Pyrrolobenzonitrile (PBN). J Phys Chem A 2015; 120:14-27. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b09115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes V. Bohnwagner
- Interdisciplinary
Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer
Feld 368, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Irene Burghardt
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary
Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer
Feld 368, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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11
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Druzhinin SI, Galievsky VA, Demeter A, Kovalenko SA, Senyushkina T, Dubbaka SR, Knochel P, Mayer P, Grosse C, Stalke D, Zachariasse KA. Two-State Intramolecular Charge Transfer (ICT) with 3,5-Dimethyl-4-(dimethylamino)benzonitrile (MMD) and Its Meta-Isomer mMMD. Ground State Amino Twist Not Essential for ICT. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:11820-36. [PMID: 26559045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b09368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
From X-ray structure analysis, amino twist angles of 90.0° for 2,4-dimethyl-3-(dimethylamino)benzonitrile (mMMD), 82.7° for 4-(di-tert-butylamino)benzonitrile (DTABN), and 88.7° for 6-cyanobenzoquinuclidine (CBQ) are determined, all considerably larger than the 57.4° of 3,5-dimethyl-4-(dimethylamino)benzonitrile (MMD). This large twist leads to lengthening of the amino-phenyl bond, 143.5 pm (mMMD), 144.1 pm (DTABN), 144.6 pm (CBQ), and 141.4 pm (MMD), as compared with 136.5 pm for the planar 4-(dimethylamino)benzonitrile (DMABN). As a consequence, the electronic coupling between the amino and phenyl subgroups in mMMD, DTABN, CBQ, and MMD is much weaker than in DMABN, as seen from the strongly reduced molar absorption coefficients. The fluorescence spectrum of MMD in n-hexane at 25 °C consists of two emissions, from a locally excited (LE) and an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) state, with a fluorescence quantum yield ratio Φ'(ICT)/Φ(LE) of 12.8. In MeCN, a single ICT emission is found. With mMMD in n-hexane, in contrast, only LE fluorescence is observed, whereas the spectrum in MeCN originates from the ICT state. These differences are also seen from the half-widths of the overall fluorescence bands, which in n-hexane are larger for MMD than for mMMD, decreasing with solvent polarity for MMD and increasing for mMMD, reflecting the disappearance of LE and the onset of ICT in the overall spectra, respectively. From solvatochromic measurements the dipole moments μe(ICT) of MMD (16 D) and mMMD (15 D) are obtained. Femtosecond excited state absorption (ESA) spectra at 22 °C, together with the dual (LE + ICT) fluorescence, reveal that MMD in n-hexane undergoes a reversible LE ⇄ ICT reaction, with LE as the precursor, with a forward rate constant ka = 5.6 × 10(12) s(-1) and a back-reaction kd ∼ 0.05 × 10(12) s(-1). With MMD in the strongly polar solvent MeCN, ICT is faster: ka = 10 × 10(12) s(-1). In the case of mMMD in n-hexane, the ESA spectra show that ICT does not take place, contrary to MeCN, in which ka = 2.5 × 10(12) s(-1). The ICT reactions with MMD and mMMD are much faster than that of the parent compound DMABN in MeCN, with ka = 0.24 × 10(12) s(-1). Because of the very short ICT reaction times of 180 fs (MMD, n-hexane), 100 fs (MMD, MeCN), and 400 fs (mMMD, MeCN), it is clear that the picosecond fluorescence decays of these systems appear to be single exponential, due to the insufficient time resolution of 3 ps. It is concluded that the faster LE → ICT reaction of MMD as compared with DMABN (ka = 0.24 × 10(12) s(-1) in MeCN) is caused by a smaller energy gap ΔE(S1,S2) between the lowest singlet excited states and not by the large amino twist angle. Similarly, the larger ΔE(S1,S2) of mMMD as compared with MMD is held responsible for its smaller ICT efficiency (no reaction in n-hexane).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey I Druzhinin
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik , 37070 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Victor A Galievsky
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik , 37070 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Attila Demeter
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , P.O. Box 286, 1519 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sergey A Kovalenko
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin , Brook-Taylor Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tamara Senyushkina
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik , 37070 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Srinivas R Dubbaka
- Department Chemie und Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität , Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department Chemie und Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität , Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Peter Mayer
- Department Chemie und Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität , Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Christian Grosse
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August Universität , Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August Universität , Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Klaas A Zachariasse
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik , 37070 Göttingen, Germany
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Görlitz G, Hartmann H, Kossanyi J, Valat P, Wintgens V. Spectroscopic Anomalies in the 4-Aryl-2,2-Difluoro-6-Methyl-1,3,2-Dioxaborine Series. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.199800013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Savarese M, Raucci U, Adamo C, Netti PA, Ciofini I, Rega N. Non-radiative decay paths in rhodamines: new theoretical insights. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:20681-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp02622e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A photoinduced electron transfer is individuated as a possible non-radiative pathway in rhodamine B photophysics in solvent. The quenching mechanism is studied through an electronic density based index to assess and quantify the nature of the excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Savarese
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università di Napoli ‘Federico II’
- Complesso Universitario di M.S.Angelo
- I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Italian Institute of Technology
| | - Umberto Raucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università di Napoli ‘Federico II’
- Complesso Universitario di M.S.Angelo
- I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Carlo Adamo
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie
- Chimie des Interfaces et Modelisation pour l’Energie
- CNRS UMR-7575
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris
- Chimie ParisTech
| | - Paolo A. Netti
- Italian Institute of Technology
- IIT@CRIB Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare
- Largo Barsanti e Matteucci
- I-80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ilaria Ciofini
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie
- Chimie des Interfaces et Modelisation pour l’Energie
- CNRS UMR-7575
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris
- Chimie ParisTech
| | - Nadia Rega
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università di Napoli ‘Federico II’
- Complesso Universitario di M.S.Angelo
- I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care@CRIB
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14
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Catalán J. Can the dipolarity of the medium induce the formation of charge transfer structures? An unexpected finding in the photophysics of DMABN. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:7734-40. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00177j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Druzhinin SI, Demeter A, Zachariasse KA. Intramolecular charge transfer with crystal violet lactone in acetonitrile as a function of temperature: reaction is not solvent-controlled. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:7721-36. [PMID: 23865629 DOI: 10.1021/jp405530j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) with crystal violet lactone (CVL) in the excited singlet state takes place in solvents more polar than n-hexane, such as ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, and acetonitrile (MeCN). In these solvents, the fluorescence spectrum of CVL consists of two emission bands, from a locally excited (LE) and an ICT state. The dominant deactivation channel of the lowest excited singlet state is internal conversion, as the quantum yields of fluorescence (0.007) and intersystem crossing (0.015) in MeCN at 25 °C are very small. CVL is a weakly coupled electron donor/acceptor (D/A) molecule, similar to an exciplex (1)(A(-)D(+)). A solvatochromic treatment of the LE and ICT emission maxima results in the dipole moments μe(LE) = 17 D and μe(ICT) = 33 D, much larger than those previously reported. This discrepancy is attributed to different Onsager radii and spectral fluorimeter calibration. The LE and ICT fluorescence decays of CVL in MeCN are double exponential. As determined by global analysis, the LE and ICT decays at 25 °C have the times τ2 = 9.2 ps and τ1 = 1180 ps, with an amplitude ratio of 35.3 for LE. From these parameters, the rate constants ka = 106 × 10(9) s(-1) and kd = 3.0 × 10(9) s(-1) of the forward and backward reaction in the LE ⇄ ICT equilibrium are calculated, resulting in a free enthalpy difference ΔG of -8.9 kJ/mol. The amplitude ratio of the ICT fluorescence decay equals -1.0, which signifies that the ICT state is not prepared by light absorption in the S0 ground state, but originates exclusively from the directly excited LE precursor. From the temperature dependence of the fluorescence decays of CVL in MeCN (-45 to 75 °C), activation energies E(a) = 3.9 kJ/mol (LE → ICT) and E(d) = 23.6 kJ/mol (ICT → LE) are obtained, giving an enthalpy difference ΔH (= E(a) - E(d)) of -19.7 kJ/mol, and an entropy difference ΔS = -35.5 J mol(-1) K(-1). These data show that the ICT reaction of CVL in MeCN is not barrierless. The ICT reaction time of 9.2 ps is much longer than the mean solvent relaxation time of MeCN (0.26 ps), indicating, in contrast with earlier reports in the literature, that the reaction is not solvent controlled. This conclusion is supported by the observation of double exponential LE and ICT fluorescence with the same decay times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey I Druzhinin
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik, 37070 Göttingen, Germany.
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Mao M, Ren MG, Song QH. Thermodynamics and Conformations in the Formation of Excited States and Their Interconversions for Twisted Donor-Substituted Tridurylboranes. Chemistry 2012; 18:15512-22. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Prabhu AAM, Sankaranarayanan RK, Venkatesh G, Rajendiran N. Dual Fluorescence of Fast Blue RR and Fast Violet B: Effects of Solvents and Cyclodextrin Complexation. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:9061-74. [DOI: 10.1021/jp302162g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Antony Muthu Prabhu
- Department of Chemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, 608 002 Tamilnadu,
India
| | - R. K. Sankaranarayanan
- Department of Chemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, 608 002 Tamilnadu,
India
| | - G. Venkatesh
- Department of Chemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, 608 002 Tamilnadu,
India
| | - N. Rajendiran
- Department of Chemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, 608 002 Tamilnadu,
India
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Savarese M, Aliberti A, De Santo I, Battista E, Causa F, Netti PA, Rega N. Fluorescence Lifetimes and Quantum Yields of Rhodamine Derivatives: New Insights from Theory and Experiment. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:7491-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3021485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marika Savarese
- Dipartimento di
Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli ‘Federico II’, Complesso Universitario
di M.S.Angelo, via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials
for Health Care@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, I-80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Aliberti
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials
for Health Care@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, I-80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ilaria De Santo
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials
for Health Care@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, I-80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Edmondo Battista
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials
for Health Care@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, I-80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Filippo Causa
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials
for Health Care@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, I-80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Paolo A. Netti
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials
for Health Care@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, I-80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Nadia Rega
- Dipartimento di
Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli ‘Federico II’, Complesso Universitario
di M.S.Angelo, via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials
for Health Care@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, I-80125 Napoli, Italy
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Yang W, Zhu W, Zhou W, Liu H, Xu Y, Fan J. Novel quadruple fluorescence of donor–acceptor benzoylthiourea derivatives. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra20997g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Madhura V, Kulkarni MV, Badami S, Yenagi J, Tonannavar J. Effect of nitro groups on the photo physical properties of benzimidazolone: a solvatochromic study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2011; 84:137-143. [PMID: 21968209 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2011.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2011] [Revised: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Electronic absorption and fluorescence spectra of mono, di, and tri-nitro benzimidazolones are measured at room temperature (298 K) in nine solvents with different polarities and the observed shifts are compared with benzimidazolone. Ground and excited state electric dipole moments are determined using the solvatochromic method based on the bulk solvent properties, F(1)(ε, n) and F(2)(ε, n). A reasonable agreement is observed between the experimental and ab initio dipole moments. Change in dipole moment is also determined using the solvatochromic method based on the microscopic solvent polarity parameter, (E(T)(N)), which considers the polarization changes due to hydrogen bonding in different solvents. It has been observed that the correlation of the solvatochromic Stokes shifts with the parameter (E(T)(N)), is superior to that derived using bulk solvent polarity functions for all the benzimidazolones reported in the present study. Calculated difference between excited state and ground state dipole moments seems to be a good measure of the effect of nitro group when correlated with (E(T)(N)).
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Affiliation(s)
- V Madhura
- Department of Chemistry, Karnatak University, Pavate Nagar, Dharwad 580 003, India
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XU XUEFEI, ZHANG RUIQIN, CAO ZEXING, ZHANG QIANER. INTRAMOLECULAR CHARGE TRANSFER AND PHOTOISOMERIZATION OF THE DCM STYRENE DYE: A THEORETICAL STUDY. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633608004088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Structures and properties of the low-lying states in 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(p-dimethylaminostyryl)-4H-pyran (DCM) have been investigated theoretically. Calculations show that the dimethylamino and dimethylanilino twisted conformations of DCM on the potential energy surface of the first excited state ( S 1) have relatively high stabilities and remarkable intramolecular charge transfers (ICT). Both structures can serve as candidates for the red-shifted emissive state in polar solvent. In particular, the dimethylanilino twisted ICT state has been predicted to have a dipole moment increment of 20 Debye with respect to the ground state by CASSCF calculations, in good agreement with the suggested experimental values. The optimized geometry of the S 1 state exhibits a long central CC bond of 1.458 Å, which makes the trans–cis isomerization quite facile through intramolecular rotation around the central CC bond on the S 1 potential surface. The S 1 state is a precursor to the formation of the ICT emissive state and photoinduced trans–cis isomerization. The S 1/ S 0 crossing in polar solvent and avoid-crossing in the gas phase as well as in non-polar solvent are involved in the trans–cis isomerization process. The presence of an early S 1/ S 0 crossing in the strong polar solvent reduces the isomerization efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- XUEFEI XU
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - RUIQIN ZHANG
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - ZEXING CAO
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - QIANER ZHANG
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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Galievsky VA, Druzhinin SI, Demeter A, Kovalenko SA, Senyushkina T, Mayer P, Zachariasse KA. Presence and Absence of Excited State Intramolecular Charge Transfer with the Six Isomers of Dicyano-N,N-dimethylaniline and Dicyano-(N-methyl-N-isopropyl)aniline. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:10823-45. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2045614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Victor A. Galievsky
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik, 37070 Göttingen, Germany
- B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, pr. Nezavisimosti 68, 220072 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Sergey I. Druzhinin
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik, 37070 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Attila Demeter
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik, 37070 Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 17, 1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sergey A. Kovalenko
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tamara Senyushkina
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik, 37070 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Mayer
- Department Chemie und Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Klaas A. Zachariasse
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik, 37070 Göttingen, Germany
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Sahoo D, Bhattacharya P, Chakravorti S. Spectral Signature of 2-[4-(Dimethylamino)styryl]-1-methylquinolinium Iodide: A Case of Negative Solvatochromism in Water. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:10983-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2046239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dibakar Sahoo
- Department of Spectroscopy, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Prosenjit Bhattacharya
- Department of Spectroscopy, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sankar Chakravorti
- Department of Spectroscopy, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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Zachariasse KA, Druzhinin SI, Galievsky VA, Demeter A, Allonas X, Kovalenko SA, Senyushkina TA. Pentacyano-N,N-Dimethylaniline in the Excited State. Only Locally Excited State Emission, in Spite of the Large Electron Affinity of the Pentacyanobenzene Subgroup. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:13031-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp108804q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Klaas A. Zachariasse
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik, 37070 Göttingen, Germany, B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Prospekt Nezavisimosti 68, 22072 Minsk, Belarus, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 17, 1525 Budapest, Hungary, Département de Photochimie Générale, UMR CNRS 7525, Université de Haute Alsace, ENSCMu, 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093
| | - Sergey I. Druzhinin
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik, 37070 Göttingen, Germany, B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Prospekt Nezavisimosti 68, 22072 Minsk, Belarus, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 17, 1525 Budapest, Hungary, Département de Photochimie Générale, UMR CNRS 7525, Université de Haute Alsace, ENSCMu, 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093
| | - Victor A. Galievsky
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik, 37070 Göttingen, Germany, B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Prospekt Nezavisimosti 68, 22072 Minsk, Belarus, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 17, 1525 Budapest, Hungary, Département de Photochimie Générale, UMR CNRS 7525, Université de Haute Alsace, ENSCMu, 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093
| | - Attila Demeter
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik, 37070 Göttingen, Germany, B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Prospekt Nezavisimosti 68, 22072 Minsk, Belarus, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 17, 1525 Budapest, Hungary, Département de Photochimie Générale, UMR CNRS 7525, Université de Haute Alsace, ENSCMu, 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093
| | - Xavier Allonas
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik, 37070 Göttingen, Germany, B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Prospekt Nezavisimosti 68, 22072 Minsk, Belarus, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 17, 1525 Budapest, Hungary, Département de Photochimie Générale, UMR CNRS 7525, Université de Haute Alsace, ENSCMu, 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093
| | - Sergey A. Kovalenko
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik, 37070 Göttingen, Germany, B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Prospekt Nezavisimosti 68, 22072 Minsk, Belarus, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 17, 1525 Budapest, Hungary, Département de Photochimie Générale, UMR CNRS 7525, Université de Haute Alsace, ENSCMu, 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093
| | - Tamara A. Senyushkina
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik, 37070 Göttingen, Germany, B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Prospekt Nezavisimosti 68, 22072 Minsk, Belarus, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 17, 1525 Budapest, Hungary, Département de Photochimie Générale, UMR CNRS 7525, Université de Haute Alsace, ENSCMu, 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093
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Galievsky VA, Druzhinin SI, Demeter A, Mayer P, Kovalenko SA, Senyushkina TA, Zachariasse KA. Ultrafast Intramolecular Charge Transfer with N-(4-Cyanophenyl)carbazole. Evidence for a LE Precursor and Dual LE + ICT Fluorescence. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:12622-38. [DOI: 10.1021/jp1070506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victor A. Galievsky
- Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik, Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, 37070 Göttingen, Germany; B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, pr. Nezavisimosti 68, 22072 Minsk, Belarus; Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 17, 1525 Budapest, Hungary; Department Chemie und Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany; and
| | - Sergey I. Druzhinin
- Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik, Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, 37070 Göttingen, Germany; B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, pr. Nezavisimosti 68, 22072 Minsk, Belarus; Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 17, 1525 Budapest, Hungary; Department Chemie und Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany; and
| | - Attila Demeter
- Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik, Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, 37070 Göttingen, Germany; B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, pr. Nezavisimosti 68, 22072 Minsk, Belarus; Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 17, 1525 Budapest, Hungary; Department Chemie und Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany; and
| | - Peter Mayer
- Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik, Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, 37070 Göttingen, Germany; B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, pr. Nezavisimosti 68, 22072 Minsk, Belarus; Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 17, 1525 Budapest, Hungary; Department Chemie und Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany; and
| | - Sergey A. Kovalenko
- Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik, Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, 37070 Göttingen, Germany; B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, pr. Nezavisimosti 68, 22072 Minsk, Belarus; Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 17, 1525 Budapest, Hungary; Department Chemie und Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany; and
| | - Tamara A. Senyushkina
- Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik, Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, 37070 Göttingen, Germany; B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, pr. Nezavisimosti 68, 22072 Minsk, Belarus; Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 17, 1525 Budapest, Hungary; Department Chemie und Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany; and
| | - Klaas A. Zachariasse
- Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik, Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, 37070 Göttingen, Germany; B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, pr. Nezavisimosti 68, 22072 Minsk, Belarus; Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 17, 1525 Budapest, Hungary; Department Chemie und Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany; and
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Il'Ichev YV, Zachariasse KA. Intramolecular charge transfer, photoisomerisation and rotational reorientation of trans-4-dimethylamino-4′-cyanostilbene in liquid solution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19971010340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Laurent J, Stanicki D, Huang TL, Dei-Cas E, Pottier M, Aliouat EM, Vanden Eynde JJ. Bisbenzamidines as antifungal agents. are both amidine functions required to observe an anti-Pneumocystis carinii activity? Molecules 2010; 15:4283-93. [PMID: 20657441 PMCID: PMC6257595 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15064283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Revised: 06/01/2010] [Accepted: 06/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A library of 19 novel 4-(4-phenylpiperazine-1-yl)benzamidines has been synthesized and evaluated in vitro against Pneumocystis carinii. Among these compounds, N-ethyl- and N-hexyl-4-(4-phenylpiperazine-1-yl)benzamidines emerged as the most promising compounds, with inhibition percentages at 10.0 µg/mL of 87% and 96%, respectively. Those compounds remained active at 0.1 µg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Laurent
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mons-UMONS, 20 place du parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Dimitri Stanicki
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mons-UMONS, 20 place du parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Tien L. Huang
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
| | - Eduardo Dei-Cas
- Department of Parasitology-Mycology, Faculty of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- Department of Parasitology-Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lille Nord de France, Biology-Pathology Centre, University Hospital Center, Lille, France
- Biology and Diversity of Emergent Eukaryotic Pathogens (BDEEP) (EA3609), IFR142, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Muriel Pottier
- Department of Parasitology-Mycology, Faculty of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- Biology and Diversity of Emergent Eukaryotic Pathogens (BDEEP) (EA3609), IFR142, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - El Mouktar Aliouat
- Department of Parasitology-Mycology, Faculty of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- Biology and Diversity of Emergent Eukaryotic Pathogens (BDEEP) (EA3609), IFR142, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jean Jacques Vanden Eynde
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mons-UMONS, 20 place du parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: + 32 65 373337; Fax: + 32 65 373515
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Excitation Wavelength Dependence of Dual Fluorescence of DMABN in Polar Solvents. J Fluoresc 2010; 20:1241-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-010-0675-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2010] [Accepted: 05/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Lv J, Yin X, Zheng H, Li Y, Li Y, Zhu D. The configuration, solvatochromism and metallo-responses of two novel cyano-containing oligo(phenylene-vinylene) derivatives. LUMINESCENCE 2010; 26:185-90. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.1204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2009] [Revised: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Figueira-Duarte TM, Del Rosso PG, Trattnig R, Sax S, List EJW, Müllen K. Designed suppression of aggregation in polypyrene: toward high-performance blue-light-emitting diodes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:990-993. [PMID: 20217826 DOI: 10.1002/adma.200902744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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Malval JP, Diemer V, Morlet-Savary F, Jacques P, Chaumeil H, Defoin A, Carré C, Poizat O. Photoinduced Coupled Charge and Proton Transfers in Gradually Twisted Phenol−Pyridinium Biaryl Series. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:2401-11. [DOI: 10.1021/jp904601r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Malval
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse, LRC CNRS 7228, Université de Haute Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, France, Département de Photochimie Générale, FRE CNRS 3252, and Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Bioorganique et Macromoléculaire, FRE CNRS 3253, Université de Haute Alsace, ENSCMu. 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse, France, Université Européenne de Bretagne (UeB), FOTON-CCLO, CNRS UMR 6082, ENSSAT, BP 80518, 22305 Lannion Cedex, and Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et
| | - Vincent Diemer
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse, LRC CNRS 7228, Université de Haute Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, France, Département de Photochimie Générale, FRE CNRS 3252, and Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Bioorganique et Macromoléculaire, FRE CNRS 3253, Université de Haute Alsace, ENSCMu. 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse, France, Université Européenne de Bretagne (UeB), FOTON-CCLO, CNRS UMR 6082, ENSSAT, BP 80518, 22305 Lannion Cedex, and Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et
| | - Fabrice Morlet-Savary
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse, LRC CNRS 7228, Université de Haute Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, France, Département de Photochimie Générale, FRE CNRS 3252, and Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Bioorganique et Macromoléculaire, FRE CNRS 3253, Université de Haute Alsace, ENSCMu. 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse, France, Université Européenne de Bretagne (UeB), FOTON-CCLO, CNRS UMR 6082, ENSSAT, BP 80518, 22305 Lannion Cedex, and Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et
| | - Patrice Jacques
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse, LRC CNRS 7228, Université de Haute Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, France, Département de Photochimie Générale, FRE CNRS 3252, and Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Bioorganique et Macromoléculaire, FRE CNRS 3253, Université de Haute Alsace, ENSCMu. 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse, France, Université Européenne de Bretagne (UeB), FOTON-CCLO, CNRS UMR 6082, ENSSAT, BP 80518, 22305 Lannion Cedex, and Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et
| | - Hélène Chaumeil
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse, LRC CNRS 7228, Université de Haute Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, France, Département de Photochimie Générale, FRE CNRS 3252, and Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Bioorganique et Macromoléculaire, FRE CNRS 3253, Université de Haute Alsace, ENSCMu. 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse, France, Université Européenne de Bretagne (UeB), FOTON-CCLO, CNRS UMR 6082, ENSSAT, BP 80518, 22305 Lannion Cedex, and Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et
| | - Albert Defoin
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse, LRC CNRS 7228, Université de Haute Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, France, Département de Photochimie Générale, FRE CNRS 3252, and Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Bioorganique et Macromoléculaire, FRE CNRS 3253, Université de Haute Alsace, ENSCMu. 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse, France, Université Européenne de Bretagne (UeB), FOTON-CCLO, CNRS UMR 6082, ENSSAT, BP 80518, 22305 Lannion Cedex, and Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et
| | - Christane Carré
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse, LRC CNRS 7228, Université de Haute Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, France, Département de Photochimie Générale, FRE CNRS 3252, and Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Bioorganique et Macromoléculaire, FRE CNRS 3253, Université de Haute Alsace, ENSCMu. 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse, France, Université Européenne de Bretagne (UeB), FOTON-CCLO, CNRS UMR 6082, ENSSAT, BP 80518, 22305 Lannion Cedex, and Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et
| | - Olivier Poizat
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse, LRC CNRS 7228, Université de Haute Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, France, Département de Photochimie Générale, FRE CNRS 3252, and Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Bioorganique et Macromoléculaire, FRE CNRS 3253, Université de Haute Alsace, ENSCMu. 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse, France, Université Européenne de Bretagne (UeB), FOTON-CCLO, CNRS UMR 6082, ENSSAT, BP 80518, 22305 Lannion Cedex, and Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et
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Antony Muthu Prabhu A, Sankaranarayanan RK, Siva S, Rajendiran N. Unusual spectral shifts on fast violet-B and benzanilide: Effect of solvents, pH and beta-cyclodextin. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2009; 74:484-497. [PMID: 19628426 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2009.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2008] [Revised: 06/18/2009] [Accepted: 06/23/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The absorption and fluorescence spectra of fast violet-B (FVB) and benzanilide (BA) have been analysed in different solvents, pH and beta-cyclodextrin. The inclusion complex of FVB with beta-CD is investigated by UV-visible, fluorimetry, AM 1, FTIR and SEM. The absorption maximum of FVB (anilino substitution) is red shifted than that of BA, but the benzoyl substitution hardly changed the ground state structure of BA. Compared to BA, the emission maxima of FVB largely blue shifted in cyclohexane and aprotic solvents, but red shifted in protic solvents and the longer wavelength maxima in FVB is due to the intramolecular charge transfer (TICT). In BA, the normal emission originates from a locally excited state and the longer wavelength band due to intramolecular proton transfer in non-polar/aprotic solvents and in protic solvents it is due to TICT state. beta-CD studies reveal that, FVB forms 1:2 complex from 1:1 complex and BA forms 1:2 complex with beta-CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Antony Muthu Prabhu
- Department of Chemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608002, Tamilnadu, India
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Druzhinin SI, Kovalenko SA, Senyushkina TA, Demeter A, Januskevicius R, Mayer P, Stalke D, Machinek R, Zachariasse KA. Intramolecular Charge Transfer with 4-Fluorofluorazene and the Flexible 4-Fluoro-N-phenylpyrrole. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:9304-20. [DOI: 10.1021/jp903613c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey I. Druzhinin
- Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik, Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, 37070 Göttingen, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences. P.O. Box 17, 1525 Budapest, Hungary, Department of Nonlinear Optics and Spectroscopy, Institute of Physics, Savanoriu Avenue 231, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania, Department Chemie und
| | - Sergey A. Kovalenko
- Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik, Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, 37070 Göttingen, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences. P.O. Box 17, 1525 Budapest, Hungary, Department of Nonlinear Optics and Spectroscopy, Institute of Physics, Savanoriu Avenue 231, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania, Department Chemie und
| | - Tamara A. Senyushkina
- Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik, Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, 37070 Göttingen, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences. P.O. Box 17, 1525 Budapest, Hungary, Department of Nonlinear Optics and Spectroscopy, Institute of Physics, Savanoriu Avenue 231, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania, Department Chemie und
| | - Attila Demeter
- Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik, Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, 37070 Göttingen, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences. P.O. Box 17, 1525 Budapest, Hungary, Department of Nonlinear Optics and Spectroscopy, Institute of Physics, Savanoriu Avenue 231, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania, Department Chemie und
| | - Regis Januskevicius
- Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik, Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, 37070 Göttingen, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences. P.O. Box 17, 1525 Budapest, Hungary, Department of Nonlinear Optics and Spectroscopy, Institute of Physics, Savanoriu Avenue 231, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania, Department Chemie und
| | - Peter Mayer
- Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik, Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, 37070 Göttingen, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences. P.O. Box 17, 1525 Budapest, Hungary, Department of Nonlinear Optics and Spectroscopy, Institute of Physics, Savanoriu Avenue 231, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania, Department Chemie und
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik, Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, 37070 Göttingen, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences. P.O. Box 17, 1525 Budapest, Hungary, Department of Nonlinear Optics and Spectroscopy, Institute of Physics, Savanoriu Avenue 231, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania, Department Chemie und
| | - Reinhard Machinek
- Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik, Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, 37070 Göttingen, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences. P.O. Box 17, 1525 Budapest, Hungary, Department of Nonlinear Optics and Spectroscopy, Institute of Physics, Savanoriu Avenue 231, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania, Department Chemie und
| | - Klaas A. Zachariasse
- Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik, Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, 37070 Göttingen, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences. P.O. Box 17, 1525 Budapest, Hungary, Department of Nonlinear Optics and Spectroscopy, Institute of Physics, Savanoriu Avenue 231, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania, Department Chemie und
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Zachariasse KA, Druzhinin SI, Galievsky VA, Kovalenko S, Senyushkina TA, Mayer P, Noltemeyer M, Boggio-Pasqua M, Robb MA. Counterintuitive Absence of an Excited-State Intramolecular Charge Transfer Reaction with 2,4,6-Tricyanoanilines. Experimental and Computational Results. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:2693-710. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8078925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Klaas A. Zachariasse
- Spektroskopie and Photochemische Kinetik, Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, 37070 Göttingen, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, Department Chemie and Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, UMR 5626, IRSAMC, CNRS and
| | - Sergey I. Druzhinin
- Spektroskopie and Photochemische Kinetik, Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, 37070 Göttingen, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, Department Chemie and Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, UMR 5626, IRSAMC, CNRS and
| | - Victor A. Galievsky
- Spektroskopie and Photochemische Kinetik, Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, 37070 Göttingen, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, Department Chemie and Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, UMR 5626, IRSAMC, CNRS and
| | - Sergey Kovalenko
- Spektroskopie and Photochemische Kinetik, Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, 37070 Göttingen, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, Department Chemie and Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, UMR 5626, IRSAMC, CNRS and
| | - Tamara A. Senyushkina
- Spektroskopie and Photochemische Kinetik, Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, 37070 Göttingen, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, Department Chemie and Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, UMR 5626, IRSAMC, CNRS and
| | - Peter Mayer
- Spektroskopie and Photochemische Kinetik, Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, 37070 Göttingen, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, Department Chemie and Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, UMR 5626, IRSAMC, CNRS and
| | - Mathias Noltemeyer
- Spektroskopie and Photochemische Kinetik, Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, 37070 Göttingen, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, Department Chemie and Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, UMR 5626, IRSAMC, CNRS and
| | - Martial Boggio-Pasqua
- Spektroskopie and Photochemische Kinetik, Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, 37070 Göttingen, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, Department Chemie and Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, UMR 5626, IRSAMC, CNRS and
| | - Michael A. Robb
- Spektroskopie and Photochemische Kinetik, Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, 37070 Göttingen, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, Department Chemie and Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, UMR 5626, IRSAMC, CNRS and
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Figueira-Duarte T, Simon S, Wagner M, Druzhinin S, Zachariasse K, Müllen K. Polypyrene Dendrimers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:10175-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200803408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Figueira-Duarte T, Simon S, Wagner M, Druzhinin S, Zachariasse K, Müllen K. Polypyrene Dendrimers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200803408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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An integrated approach for the interpretation of emission fluorescence of DMABN-Crown derivatives in polar environments. Chem Phys Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Carlotto S, Polimeno A, Ferrante C, Benzi C, Barone V. Integrated Approach for Modeling the Emission Fluorescence of 4-(N,N-Dimethylamino)benzonitrile in Polar Environments. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:8106-13. [DOI: 10.1021/jp076676z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Carlotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1-35131 Padova, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonino Polimeno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1-35131 Padova, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Camilla Ferrante
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1-35131 Padova, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Caterina Benzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1-35131 Padova, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Barone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1-35131 Padova, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
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Volchkov VV, Uzhinov BM. Structural relaxation of excited molecules of heteroaromatic compounds. HIGH ENERGY CHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.1134/s0018143908030016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Druzhinin SI, Dubbaka SR, Knochel P, Kovalenko SA, Mayer P, Senyushkina T, Zachariasse KA. Ultrafast Intramolecular Charge Transfer with Strongly Twisted Aminobenzonitriles: 4-(Di-tert-butylamino)benzonitrile and 3-(Di-tert-butylamino)benzonitrile. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:2749-61. [DOI: 10.1021/jp7097526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey I. Druzhinin
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik, 37070 Göttingen, Germany, Department Chemie und Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany, and Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Srinivas Reddy Dubbaka
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik, 37070 Göttingen, Germany, Department Chemie und Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany, and Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Knochel
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik, 37070 Göttingen, Germany, Department Chemie und Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany, and Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sergey A. Kovalenko
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik, 37070 Göttingen, Germany, Department Chemie und Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany, and Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Mayer
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik, 37070 Göttingen, Germany, Department Chemie und Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany, and Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tamara Senyushkina
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik, 37070 Göttingen, Germany, Department Chemie und Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany, and Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaas A. Zachariasse
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik, 37070 Göttingen, Germany, Department Chemie und Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany, and Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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Sahoo D, Chakravorti S. Orientational dynamics of a charge transfer complex in cyclodextrin cavity as receptor. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2008; 10:5890-7. [DOI: 10.1039/b807510g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Yang JS, Liau KL, Li CY, Chen MY. Meta conjugation effect on the torsional motion of aminostilbenes in the photoinduced intramolecular charge-transfer state. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:13183-92. [PMID: 17918840 DOI: 10.1021/ja0741022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The photochemical behavior of a series of trans-3-(N-arylamino)stilbenes (m1, aryl = 4-substituted phenyl with a substituent of cyano (CN), hydrogen (H), methyl (Me), or methoxy (OM)) in both nonpolar and polar solvents is reported and compared to that of the corresponding para isomers (p1CN, p1H, p1Me, and p1OM). The distinct propensity of torsional motion toward a low-lying twisted intramolecular charge-transfer (TICT) state from the planar ICT (PICT) precursor between the meta and para isomers of 1CN and 1Me reveals the intriguing meta conjugation effect and the importance of the reaction kinetics. Whereas the poor charge-redistribution (delocalization) ability through the meta-phenylene bridge accounts for the unfavorable TICT-forming process for m1CN, it is such a property that slows down the decay processes of fluorescence and photoisomerization for m1Me, facilitating the competition of the single-bond torsional reaction. In contrast, the quinoidal character for p1Me in the PICT state kinetically favors both fluorescence and photoisomerization but disfavors the single-bond torsion. The resulting concept of thermodynamically allowed but kinetically inhibited TICT formation could also apply to understanding the other D-A systems, including trans-4-cyano-4'-(N,N-dimethylamino)stilbene (DCS) and 3-(N,N-dimethylamino)benzonitrile (3DMABN).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jye-Shane Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 10617.
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Abstract
The photophysical properties of m- and p-cyano N-phenylpyrrole (m- and p-PBN) are compared. Both compounds show highly red-shifted and strongly forbidden emission in polar solvents, assigned to a charge transfer state. The forbidden nature is indicative of very weak coupling between the two pi-systems, and a twisted emissive structure is suggested (TICT state). Comparison to quantum chemical calculations indicates that the twisted structure possesses an antiquinoid distortion of the benzonitrile group, i.e., the central bonds in the ring are lengthened instead of shortened. m-PBN is the first meta compound which shows a CT emission assignable to a TICT state. It differs from p-PBN by a less exergonic formation of the CT state from the LE/ICT quinoid state. Consequently, it shows only single LE/ICT fluorescence in nonpolar alkane solvents, whereas p-PBN shows dual fluorescence in this solvent (LE/ICT and TICT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukumaran Murali
- Humboldt University of Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
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Fuss W, Schmid WE, Kuttan Pushpa K, Trushin SA, Yatsuhashi T. Ultrafast relaxation and coherent oscillations in aminobenzonitriles in the gas phase probed by intense-field ionization. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:1151-69. [PMID: 17325762 DOI: 10.1039/b611877a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
4-Aminobenzonitrile derivatives have two excited states of similar energy: besides the benzene-like L(b) state (also termed "locally excited" or LE state) one with charge-transfer (CT) character that is slightly higher in the isolated molecules. The CT state can be lowered by solvents of suitable polarity, so that dual fluorescence can be observed in them. It is controversial along which coordinate this state is displaced, although the amino-group twist is a wide-spread assumption. We investigated a number of such compounds by transient ionization in the gas phase, initially exciting the higher-lying L(a) state (S(2)). Here we briefly review the previous results on 4-(dimethylamino)benzonitrile (the prototype of this class of molecules), 4-piperidino-, pyrrolidino- and pyrrolyl-benzonitrile and compare them with new results on 4-aminobenzonitrile and on the bridged derivative N-methyl-6-cyano-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline (NMC6). Although in the latter two molecules the CT state has never been detected before, we find the same relaxation path for all compounds: From S(2), the wave packet passes through a conical intersection (CI); from there part of it reaches the S(1) (L(b)) state directly, whereas another part temporarily populates the CT state (also in NMC6), from where it goes around the CI also to the L(b) well. The wave packet directly reaching the L(b) well oscillates there along coordinates involving amino-group twist and wagging or molecular arching and a quinoidal distortion. These coordinates must be components of the CI displacement vector. A vibration involving bond-length alternation of the benzene ring is ascribed to a momentum caused by the electronic symmetry change in the CI, i.e., to the nonadiabatic coupling vector. Also the CT state involves amino-group twist, as to conclude from the anisotropy of the corresponding signal. The six-membered aliphatic ring in NMC6 hinders the twist and raises the CT state to an energy that is, however, still below the L(a) state, so that it can be temporarily populated in a barrierless process. Also in aminobenzonitrile the CT state is between L(a) and L(b) and is reached from L(a) without a barrier. The twist is rationalized by vibronic interaction with a higher state that is pi-antibonding between the amino group and the aromatic ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Fuss
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, D-85741 Garching, Germany
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Gómez I, Mercier Y, Reguero M. Theoretical Investigation of Luminescence Behavior as a Function of Alkyl Chain Size in 4-Aminobenzonitrile Alicyclic Derivatives. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:11455-61. [PMID: 17020256 DOI: 10.1021/jp062926k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There is still controversy about the structure of the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) emitting species in pi-electron donor-acceptor systems that show dual fluorescence. Although the twisted ICT model is quite generally accepted, the planar ICT model is not ruled out because firm experimental evidence supports it. Among these it is the fact that some rigidized systems such as bicyclic 4-aminobenzonitrile derivatives exhibit dual fluorescence. We present here an ab initio CASSCF/CASPT2 study of a series of these compounds with the alicyclic chain ranging from 5 to 7 carbon atoms and compare their ICT mechanism with the more flexible 4-aminobenzonitrile (ABN) and 4-(dimethylamino)benzonitrile (DMABN). We present the energetics, geometries, and valence bond structures of the critical points of the potential-energy surfaces of the ground, local excited (LE), and ICT states. Our results show that the photophysical differences of the studied systems may be rationalized by two factors: the position of the ICT and LE potential-energy surfaces at the first stages of the ICT reaction and the relative energies of the excited-state minima. Computational evidence is presented that a twisted ICT structure can be adopted in some molecules such as NXC6 and NXC7 and that the anomalous band of the fluorescence spectra of these systems is emitted from a twisted ICT species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Gómez
- Departament de Química i Inorganica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C. Marcellí Domingo s/n, Tarragona 43007, Spain
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Yang JS, Liau KL, Hwang CY, Wang CM. Photoinduced Single- versus Double-Bond Torsion in Donor−Acceptor−Substituted trans-Stilbenes. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:8003-10. [PMID: 16805484 DOI: 10.1021/jp060296g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The electronic absorption and fluorescence spectra, quantum yields for fluorescence (Phi(f)) and trans --> cis photoisomerization (Phi(tc)), and fluorescence lifetimes of trans-4-(N-arylamino)-4'-cyanostilbenes (2H, 2Me, 2OM, 2CN, and 2Xy with aryl = phenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 4-cyanophenyl, and 2,5-dimethylphenyl, respectively), trans-4-(N-methyl-N-phenylamino)-4'-cyanostilbene (2MP), trans-4-(N,N-diphenylamino)-4'-cyanostilbene (2PP), trans-4-(N-methyl-N-phenylamino)-4'-nitrostilbene (3MP), and three ring-bridged analogues 2OMB, 2MPB, and 3MPB are reported. Whereas fluorescence and torsion of the central double bond account for the excited decay of the majority of these donor-acceptor substituted stilbenes in both nonpolar and polar solvents (i.e., Phi(f) + 2Phi(tc) approximately 1), exceptions are observed for 2OM, 3MP, and 3MPB in solvents more polar than THF and for 2Me and 2MP in acetonitrile as a result of the formation of a weakly fluorescent and isomerization-free twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) state (i.e., Phi(f) + 2Phi(tc) << 1). The TICT state for 2OM, 2Me, and 2MP results from the torsion of the stilbenyl-anilino C-N single bond, but the torsion of the styryl-anilino C-C bond is more likely to be responsible for the TICT state formation of 3MP and 3MPB. In conjunction with the behavior of aminostilbenes 1, a guideline based on the values of Phi(f) and Phi(tc) for judging the importance of a TICT state for trans-stilbenes is provided. Accordingly, the TICT state formation is unimportant for the excited decay of trans-4-(N,N-dimethylamino)-4'-cyanostilbene (DCS). In contrast, our results support the previously proposed TICT state for trans-4-(N,N-dimethylamino)-4'-nitrostilbene (DNS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jye-Shane Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 10617.
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Mac M, Danel A, Wisła A, Karocki A, Królicki R. Electron transfer and intersystem crossing processes in new dyes based on 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinoxaline. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2005.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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48
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Xu X, Cao Z, Zhang Q. Computational Characterization of Low-Lying States and Intramolecular Charge Transfers in N-Phenylpyrrole and the Planar-Rigidized Fluorazene. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:1740-8. [PMID: 16451003 DOI: 10.1021/jp055695a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Low-lying states and intramolecular charge transfers in N-phenylpyrrole (PP) and its planar-rigidized derivative fluorazene (FPP) have been investigated by ab initio methodologies. On the basis of calculations, properties of the excited states and plausible dual-fluorescence mechanisms have been elucidated. Present results show that S2 as a key state is involved in the consecutive photophysical processes. The S2 state is easily populated under excitation. In the polar MeCN solution, S2 can evolve to either a lower-energy locally excited state or a lower-energy solvated intramolecular charge-transfer state (S-ICT). The former emits a normal fluorescence back to the ground state, and the latter is exclusively responsible for the red-shifted fluorescence band. Calculations reveal that the emissive ICT states in both FPP and PP have similar geometric features, an elongated N-phenyl bond, a pyramidal carbon atom linking the pyrrole ring, and a quinonoid phenyl ring. The twisting of molecule around the N-phenyl bond is not necessary for the intramolecular charge transfer. Predicted absorption and emission spectra are in reasonable agreement with the experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Xu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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Galievsky VA, Druzhinin SI, Demeter A, Jiang YB, Kovalenko SA, Pérez Lustres L, Venugopal K, Ernsting NP, Allonas X, Noltemeyer M, Machinek R, Zachariasse KA. Ultrafast Intramolecular Charge Transfer and Internal Conversion with Tetrafluoro-aminobenzonitriles. Chemphyschem 2005; 6:2307-23. [PMID: 16273565 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200500267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The five 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-aminobenzonitriles XABN4F with a dimethyl-amino (DMABN4F), diethyl-amino (DEABN4F), azetidinyl (AZABN4F), methyl-amino (MABN4F) or amino (ABN4F) group undergo ultrafast intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) at room temperature, in the polar solvent acetonitrile (MeCN) as well as in the nonpolar n-hexane. ICT also takes place with the corresponding non-fluorinated aminobenzonitriles DMABN, DEABN and AZABN in MeCN, whereas for these molecules in n-hexane only minor (DMABN, DEABN) or no (AZABN) ICT fluorescence is detected. For the secondary (MABN) and primary (ABN) amines, an ICT reaction does not occur, which makes ABN4F the first electron donor/acceptor molecule with an NH(2) group for which ICT is observed. The ICT state of the XABN4Fs has a dipole moment of around 14 D, clearly smaller than that of DMABN (17 D). This difference is attributed to the electron withdrawing from the CN group to the phenyl ring, exerted by the four F-substituents. The reaction from the initially prepared locally excited (LE) to the ICT state in n-hexane proceeds in the sub-picosecond time range: 0.35 ps (DMABN4F), 0.29 ps (DEABN4F) and 0.13 ps (AZABN4F), as determined from femtosecond transient absorption measurements. In the highly polar solvent MeCN, an ICT reaction time of around 90 fs is observed for all five XABN4Fs, irrespective of the nature of their amino group. This shows that with these molecules in MeCN the ICT reaction rate is limited by the solvent dielectric relaxation time of MeCN, for which a value of around 90 fs has been reported. It is therefore concluded that, during this ultrashort ICT reaction, a large-amplitude motion such as a full 90 degrees twist of the amino group is unlikely to occur in the XABN4Fs. The ICT state of the XABN4Fs is strongly quenched via internal conversion (IC), with a lifetime tau'(0) (ICT) down to 3 ps, possibly by a reaction passing through a conical intersection made accessible due to a deformation of the phenyl group by out-of-plane motions induced by vibronic coupling between low-lying pisigma* and pipi* states in the XABN4Fs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor A Galievsky
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik, 37070 Göttingen, Germany
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Xu X, Cao Z, Zhang Q. Theoretical study of photoinduced singlet and triplet excited states of 4-dimethylaminobenzonitrile and its derivatives. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:194305. [PMID: 16161571 DOI: 10.1063/1.1895673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Singlet and triplet low-lying states of the 4-dimethylaminobenzonitrile and its derivatives have been studied by the density functional theory and ab initio methodologies. Calculations reveal that the existence of the methyl groups in the phenyl ring and the amino twisting significantly modify properties of their excited states. A twisted singlet intramolecular charge-transfer state can be accessed through decay of the second planar singlet excited state with charge-transfer character along the amino twisting coordinate or by an intramolecular charge-transfer reaction involved with a locally first excited singlet state. Plausible charge-transfer triplet states and intersystem crossing processes among singlet and triplet states have been explored by spin-orbit coupling calculations. The intersystem crossing process was predicted to be the dominant deactivation channel of the photoexcited 4-dimethylaminobenzonitrile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Xu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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