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Cao H, Mao J, Tratnyek PG, Xu W. Role of Nitrogenous Functional Group Identity in Accelerating 1,2,3-Trichloropropane Degradation by Pyrogenic Carbonaceous Matter (PCM) and Sulfide Using PCM-like Polymers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:10752-10763. [PMID: 38848107 PMCID: PMC11191598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c11010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024]
Abstract
Groundwater contamination by 1,2,3-trichloropropane (TCP) poses a unique challenge due to its human toxicity and recalcitrance to degradation. Previous work suggests that nitrogenous functional groups of pyrogenic carbonaceous matter (PCM), such as biochar, are important in accelerating contaminant dechlorination by sulfide. However, the reaction mechanism is unclear due, in part, to PCM's structural complexity. Herein, PCM-like polymers (PLPs) with controlled placement of nitrogenous functional groups [i.e., quaternary ammonium (QA), pyridine, and pyridinium cations (py+)] were employed as model systems to investigate PCM-enhanced TCP degradation by sulfide. Our results suggest that both PLP-QA and PLP-py+ were highly effective in facilitating TCP dechlorination by sulfide with half-lives of 16.91 ± 1.17 and 0.98 ± 0.15 days, respectively, and the reactivity increased with surface nitrogenous group density. A two-step process was proposed for TCP dechlorination, which is initiated by reductive ß-elimination, followed by nucleophilic substitution by surface-bound sulfur nucleophiles. The TCP degradation kinetics were not significantly affected by cocontaminants (i.e., 1,1,1-trichloroethane or trichloroethylene), but were slowed by natural organic matter. Our results show that PLPs containing certain nitrogen functional groups can facilitate the rapid and complete degradation of TCP by sulfide, suggesting that similarly functionalized PCM might form the basis for a novel process for the remediation of TCP-contaminated groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Cao
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, United States
| | - Jingdong Mao
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion
University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, United States
| | - Paul G. Tratnyek
- OHSU/PSU
School of Public Health, Oregon Health &
Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Wenqing Xu
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, United States
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Gu C, Li J, Zhou W, An J, Tian L, Xiong F, Fei W, Feng Y, Ma J. Abiotic natural attenuation of 1,2,3-trichloropropane by natural magnetite under O 2 perturbation. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 357:142040. [PMID: 38615949 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
1,2,3-Trichloropropane (TCP) is an emerging groundwater pollutant, but there is a lack of reported studies on the abiotic natural attenuation of TCP by iron minerals. Furthermore, perturbation by O2 is common in the shallow subsurface by both natural and artificial processes. In this study, natural magnetite was selected as the reactive iron mineral to investigate its role in the degradation of TCP under O2 perturbation. The results indicated that the mineral structural Fe(II) on magnetite reacted with dissolved oxygen to generate O2-· and HO·. Both O2-· and HO· contributed to TCP degradation, with O2-· playing a more important role. After 56 days of reaction, 66.7% of TCP was completely dechlorinated. This study revealed that higher magnetite concentrations, smaller magnetite particle sizes, and lower initial TCP concentrations favored TCP degradation. The presence of <10 mg/L natural organic matter (NOM) did not affect TCP degradation. These findings significantly advance our understanding of the abiotic natural attenuation mechanisms facilitated by iron minerals under O2 perturbation, providing crucial insights for the study of natural attenuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyun Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Lab of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Jiabin Li
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Lab of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Jiayi An
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Lab of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Liting Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Lab of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Feng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Lab of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Wenbo Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Lab of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Yangfan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Lab of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Jie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Lab of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China.
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Fernández-Verdejo D, Cortés P, Blánquez P, Marco-Urrea E, Guisasola A. Enhanced dechlorination of 1,2-dichloropropane to propene in a bioelectrochemical system mediated by Dehalogenimonas. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:126234. [PMID: 34492987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectrochemical systems (BES) are promising technologies to enhance the growth of organohalide-respiring bacteria and to treat chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons. In this study, two carbon-based cathodic electrode materials, a graphite brush and a carbon cloth, were used as hydrogen suppliers to couple growth of Dehalogenimonas and dechlorination of 1,2-DCP to nontoxic propene in the cathode vessel. The BES with graphite brush electrode consumed ~4000 µM 1,2-DCP during 110 days and exhibited a degradation rate 5.6-fold higher than the maximum value obtained with the carbon cloth electrode, with a cathode potential set at -0.7 V. Quantitative PCR confirmed that Dehalogenimonas gene copies increased by two orders of magnitude in the graphite brush BES, with an average yield of 1.2·108±5·107 cells per µmol of 1,2-DCP degraded. The use of a pulsed voltage operation (cathode potential set at -0.6 V for 16 h and -1.1 V for 8 h) increased the coulombic efficiency and degradation of 1,2-DCP when compared with a continuous voltage operation of -1.1 V. Bacterial cell aggregates were observed in the surface of the graphite brush electrodes by electron scanning microscopy, suggesting biofilm formation. This study expands the range of chlorinated compounds degradable and organohalide-respiring bacteria capable of growing in BES.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Fernández-Verdejo
- Biorem UAB, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Cortés
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de BioCiències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paqui Blánquez
- Biorem UAB, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ernest Marco-Urrea
- Biorem UAB, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Albert Guisasola
- GENOCOV, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Torralba-Sanchez TL, Bylaska EJ, Salter-Blanc AJ, Meisenheimer DE, Lyon MA, Tratnyek PG. Reduction of 1,2,3-trichloropropane (TCP): pathways and mechanisms from computational chemistry calculations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2020; 22:606-616. [PMID: 31990012 DOI: 10.1039/c9em00557a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The characteristic pathway for degradation of halogenated aliphatic compounds in groundwater or other environments with relatively anoxic and/or reducing conditions is reductive dechlorination. For 1,2-dihalocarbons, reductive dechlorination can include hydrogenolysis and dehydrohalogenation, the relative significance of which depends on various structural and energetic factors. To better understand how these factors influence the degradation rates and products of the lesser halogenated hydrocarbons (in contrast to the widely studied per-halogenated hydrocarbons, like trichloroethylene and carbon tetrachloride), density functional theory calculations were performed to compare all of the possible pathways for reduction and elimination of 1,2,3-trichloropropane (TCP). The results showed that free energies of each species and reaction step are similar for all levels of theory, although B3LYP differed from the others. In all cases, the reaction coordinate diagrams suggest that β-elimination of TCP to allyl chloride followed by hydrogenolysis to propene is the thermodynamically favored pathway. This result is consistent with experimental results obtained using TCP, 1,2-dichloropropane, and 1,3-dichloropropane in batch experiments with zerovalent zinc (Zn0, ZVI) as a reductant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tifany L Torralba-Sanchez
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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