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Li S, Wang H, Guo N, Su B, Lambotte O, Zhang T. Targeting the HIV reservoir: chimeric antigen receptor therapy for HIV cure. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:2658-2667. [PMID: 37927030 PMCID: PMC10684145 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) can reduce the viral load in the plasma to undetectable levels in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals, ART alone cannot completely eliminate HIV due to its integration into the host cell genome to form viral reservoirs. To achieve a functional cure for HIV infection, numerous preclinical and clinical studies are underway to develop innovative immunotherapies to eliminate HIV reservoirs in the absence of ART. Early studies have tested adoptive T-cell therapies in HIV-infected individuals, but their effectiveness was limited. In recent years, with the technological progress and great success of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapy in the treatment of hematological malignancies, CAR therapy has gradually shown its advantages in the field of HIV infection. Many studies have identified a variety of HIV-specific CAR structures and types of cytolytic effector cells. Therefore, CAR therapy may be beneficial for enhancing HIV immunity, achieving HIV control, and eliminating HIV reservoirs, gradually becoming a promising strategy for achieving a functional HIV cure. In this review, we provide an overview of the design of anti-HIV CAR proteins, the cell types of anti-HIV CAR (including CAR T cells, CAR natural killer cells, and CAR-encoding hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells), the clinical application of CAR therapy in HIV infection, and the prospects and challenges in anti-HIV CAR therapy for maintaining viral suppression and eliminating HIV reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Research on Humoral Immune Response to HIV Infection, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hu Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Research on Humoral Immune Response to HIV Infection, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Na Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Research on Humoral Immune Response to HIV Infection, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Bin Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Research on Humoral Immune Response to HIV Infection, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Olivier Lambotte
- Department of Internal Medicine, AP-HP, Bicêtre Hospital, UMR1184 INSERM CEA, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, University Paris Saclay, Paris 94270, France
| | - Tong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Research on Humoral Immune Response to HIV Infection, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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Cisneros E, Sherwani N, Lanier OL, Peppas NA. Targeted delivery methods for RNA interference are necessary to obtain a potential functional cure for HIV/AIDS. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 199:114970. [PMID: 37385543 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is of great interest in many different therapeutic areas including infectious diseases such as immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). Thanks to current, advanced treatments for HIV, the diagnosis is no longer a death sentence. However, even with these treatments, latency is suggested to persist in T-lymphocyte-rich tissues including gut-associated lymphatic tissue (GALT), spleen, and bone marrow making HIV an incurable disease. Therefore, it is important to design systems that can effectively deliver therapeutics to these tissues to fight latent infection and find a functional cure. Numerous therapeutics ranging from small molecules to cell therapies have been explored as a cure for HIV but have failed to maintain therapeutic longevity. RNA interference (RNAi) provides a unique opportunity to achieve a functional cure for those who suffer from chronic HIV/AIDS by suppressing replication of the virus. However, RNA has certain imitations in delivery as it cannot be delivered without a carrier due to its negative charge and degradation from endogenous nucleases. Here, we provide a detailed analysis of explored systems for siRNA delivery for HIV/AIDS in the context of RNA therapeutic design and nanoparticle design. In addition, we suggest strategies that should be used to target specific tissues that are rich in lymphatic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Cisneros
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Institute of Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Najia Sherwani
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Olivia L Lanier
- Institute of Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Nicholas A Peppas
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Institute of Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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Pan H, Yang X, Wang J, Liang H, Jiang Z, Zhao L, Wang Y, Liang Z, Shen X, Lin Q, Liang Y, Yang J, Lu P, Zhu Y, Li M, Wang P, Xu J, Lu H, Zhu H. Allogeneic gene-edited HIV-specific CAR-T cells secreting PD-1 blocking scFv enhance specific cytotoxic activity against HIV Env + cells invivo. Virol Sin 2023; 38:285-295. [PMID: 36657565 PMCID: PMC10176442 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells have been developed to target HIV-1 infected CD4+ T-cells that express HIV Env proteins. However, T cell exhaustion and the patient-specific autologous paradigm of CAR-T cell hurdled clinical applications. Here, we created HIV-specific CAR-T cells using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and a 3BNC117-E27 (3BE) CAR construct that enabled the expression of programmed cell death protein (PD-1) -blocking scFv E27 and the single-chain variable fragment of the HIV-1-specific broadly neutralizing antibody 3BNC117 to target native HIV Env. Compared with T cells expressing 3BNC117-CAR alone, 3BE CAR-T cells showed greater cytotoxic activity against HIV Env+ cells with stronger proliferation capability, higher killing efficiency, and enhanced cytokine secretion in the presence of HIV Env-expressing cells. Furthermore, we manufactured TCR-deficient 3BE CAR-T cells through gene editing and demonstrated that these CAR-T cells could effectively kill HIV Env + cells in vivo without the occurrence of severe graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) in NSG mice. These data suggest that we have provided a feasible approach to the generation of "off-the-shelf" anti-HIV CAR-T cells in combination with PD-1 checkpoint blockade immunotherapy, which can be a powerful therapeutic candidate for the functional cure of HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, And Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xinyi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, And Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, And Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Huitong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, And Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhengtao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, And Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, And Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, And Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhiming Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, And Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xiaoting Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, And Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Qinru Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, And Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yue Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, And Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jinglong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, And Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Panpan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, And Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yuqi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, And Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, And Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jianqing Xu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China; Department of Infectious Diseases and Nursing Research Institution, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518112, China
| | - Huanzhang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, And Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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Cao X, Chen X, Zhu Y, Gou X, Yan K, Yang B, Men D, Liu L, Zhang YA, Cao G. Single-cell transcriptome landscape and antigen receptor dynamic during SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Genes Dis 2022:S2352-3042(22)00241-0. [PMID: 36097543 PMCID: PMC9454148 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination by inactivated vaccine is an effective strategy to prevent the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the detailed molecular immune response at single-cell level is poorly understood. In this study, we systematically delineated the landscape of the pre- and post-vaccination single-cell transcriptome, TCR (T cell antigen receptor) and BCR (B cell antigen receptor) expression profile of vaccinated candidates. The bulk TCR sequencing analysis of COVID-19 patients was also performed. Enrichment of a clonal CD8+ T cell cluster expressing specific TCR was identified in both vaccination candidates and COVID-19 patients. These clonal CD8+ T cells showed high expression of cytotoxicity, phagosome and antigen presentation related genes. The cell–cell interaction analysis revealed that monocytes and dendritic cells could interact with these cells and initiate phagocytosis via ICAM1-ITGAM and ITGB2 signaling. Together, our study systematically deciphered the detailed immunological response during SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and infection. It may facilitate understanding the immune response and the T-cell therapy against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Xiaohua Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 51015, PR China
| | - Yaqi Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Xiaojuan Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Keyi Yan
- Spatial FISH Co. Ltd., Jiangmen 529199, PR China
| | - Bing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Dong Men
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Transfusion Medicine,General Hospital of Central Theater Command, PLA, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Gang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430072, PR China.,Bio-Medical College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
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Albinger N, Hartmann J, Ullrich E. Current status and perspective of CAR-T and CAR-NK cell therapy trials in Germany. Gene Ther 2021; 28:513-527. [PMID: 33753909 PMCID: PMC8455322 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-021-00246-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies are on the verge of becoming powerful immunotherapeutic tools for combating hematological diseases confronted with pressing medical needs. Lately, CAR-NK cell therapies have also come into focus as novel therapeutic options to address hurdles related to CAR-T cell therapies, such as therapy-induced side effects. Currently, more than 500 CAR-T and 17 CAR-NK cell trials are being conducted worldwide including the four CAR-T cell products Kymriah, Yescarta, Tecartus and Breyanzi, which are already available on the market. Most CAR-T cell-based gene therapy products that are under clinical evaluation consist of autologous enriched T cells, whereas CAR-NK cell-based approaches can be generated from allogeneic donors. Besides modification based on a second-generation CAR, more advanced CAR-immune cell therapeutics are being tested, which utilize precise insertion of genes to circumvent graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) or employ a dual targeting approach and adapter CARs in order to avoid therapy resistance caused by antigen loss. In this review, we are going to take a closer look at the commercial CAR-T cell therapies, as well as on CAR-T and CAR-NK cell products, which are currently under evaluation in clinical trials, that are being conducted in Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawid Albinger
- Children's Hospital, Division for Stem Cell Transplantation, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Experimental Immunology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jessica Hartmann
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Evelyn Ullrich
- Children's Hospital, Division for Stem Cell Transplantation, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Experimental Immunology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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