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Biswas M, Nurunnabi M, Khatun Z. Understanding Mucosal Physiology and Rationale of Formulation Design for Improved Mucosal Immunity. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:5037-5056. [PMID: 38787767 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The oral and nasal cavities serve as critical gateways for infectious pathogens, with microorganisms primarily gaining entry through these routes. Our first line of defense against these invaders is the mucosal membrane, a protective barrier that shields the body's internal systems from infection while also contributing to vital functions like air and nutrient intake. One of the key features of this mucosal barrier is its ability to protect the physiological system from pathogens. Additionally, mucosal tolerance plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis by regulating the pH and water balance within the body. Recognizing the importance of the mucosal barrier, researchers have developed various mucosal formulations to enhance the immune response. Mucosal vaccines, for example, deliver antigens directly to mucosal tissues, triggering local immune stimulation and ultimately inducing systemic immunity. Studies have shown that lipid-based formulations such as liposomes and virosomes can effectively elicit both local and systemic immune responses. Furthermore, mucoadhesive polymeric particles, with their prolonged delivery to target sites, have demonstrated an enhanced immune response. This Review delves into the critical role of material selection and delivery approaches in optimizing mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mila Biswas
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79902, United States
| | - Md Nurunnabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79902, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Zehedina Khatun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79902, United States
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2
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Kawai A, Tokunoh N, Kawahara E, Tamiya S, Okamura S, Ono C, Anindita J, Tanaka H, Akita H, Yamasaki S, Kunisawa J, Okamoto T, Matsuura Y, Hirai T, Yoshioka Y. Intranasal immunization with an RBD-hemagglutinin fusion protein harnesses preexisting immunity to enhance antigen-specific responses. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e166827. [PMID: 38038133 PMCID: PMC10688985 DOI: 10.1172/jci166827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Intranasal vaccines are anticipated to be powerful tools for combating many infectious diseases, including SARS-CoV-2, because they induce not only systemic immunity but also mucosal immunity at the site of initial infection. However, they are generally inefficient in inducing an antigen-specific immune response without adjuvants. Here, we developed an adjuvant-free intranasal vaccine platform that utilizes the preexisting immunity induced by previous infection or vaccination to enhance vaccine effectiveness. We made RBD-HA, a fusion of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of spike derived from SARS-CoV-2 as a vaccine target with HA derived from influenza A virus (IAV) as a carrier protein. Intranasal immunization of previously IAV-infected mice with RBD-HA without an adjuvant elicited robust production of RBD-specific systemic IgG and mucosal IgA by utilizing both HA-specific preexisting IgG and CD4+ T cells. Consequently, the mice were efficiently protected from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Additionally, we demonstrated the high versatility of this intranasal vaccine platform by assessing various vaccine antigens and preexisting immunity associated with a variety of infectious diseases. The results of this study suggest the promising potential of this intranasal vaccine platform to address problems associated with intranasal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kawai
- Laboratory of Nano-Design for Innovative Drug Development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
- Vaccine Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nagisa Tokunoh
- Vaccine Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eigo Kawahara
- Laboratory of Nano-Design for Innovative Drug Development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
- Vaccine Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Tamiya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Shinya Okamura
- The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chikako Ono
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research and
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jessica Anindita
- Laboratory of DDS Design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Laboratory of DDS Design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Akita
- Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of DDS Design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research and
- Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, and
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Toru Okamoto
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research and
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases
| | - Yoshiharu Matsuura
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research and
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiro Hirai
- Laboratory of Nano-Design for Innovative Drug Development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
- Vaccine Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Vaccine Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, and
| | - Yasuo Yoshioka
- Laboratory of Nano-Design for Innovative Drug Development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
- Vaccine Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research and
- Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Vaccine Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, and
- Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Tran KA, Divangahi M. The gift of preexisting immunity for developing an alternative vaccine strategy. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e174952. [PMID: 38038132 PMCID: PMC10688974 DOI: 10.1172/jci174952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the worldwide application of vaccination and other antiviral interventions, pulmonary viral infections remain a persistent threat to human health. The 1918 influenza pandemic killed more than 40 million people in just one year, and the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has killed more than 6.9 million people since 2019. While the current approved COVID-19 vaccines are administered parenterally and induce systemic immunity, they only prevent the progression to severe disease. Thus, other vaccine platforms are still needed for completely preventing the disease and subsequent transmission. In this issue of the JCI, Kawai et al. present an adjuvant-free subunit (RBD-HA) fusion vaccine, which produces robust IgG and IgA antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2, enriched within the nasal cavity, by using the host's preexisting immunity to influenza infection. This preclinical study has tremendous implications for future mucosal vaccine design and provides a roadmap for generating a safer and effective intranasal vaccine against pulmonary infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim A. Tran
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill International TB Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maziar Divangahi
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill International TB Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Kawamura T, Hirano K, Koike K, Nishikawa M, Shimizu A, Joh K, Katafuchi R, Hashiguchi A, Matsuzaki K, Maruyama S, Tsuboi N, Narita I, Yano Y, Yokoo T, Suzuki Y. Associations of corticosteroid therapy and tonsillectomy with kidney survival in a multicenter prospective study for IgA nephropathy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18455. [PMID: 37891208 PMCID: PMC10611761 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45514-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficacy of systemic corticosteroid therapy (CS) for long-term kidney survival in patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is controversial. Therefore, prospective studies evaluating targeted therapies to lymphatic tissues in mucosal immune system responsible for production of nephritogenic IgA have been desired worldwide. Here, we aimed to evaluate the associations of CS and combination therapy of CS and tonsillectomy (CS + Tx) with kidney survival, using database from a nationwide multicenter prospective cohort study on IgAN. Primary outcome was a 50% increase in serum creatinine from baseline or dialysis induction. The analysis included 941 patients (CS/CS + Tx/non-CS 239/364/338), 85 (9.0%) of whom reached outcomes during median follow-up of 5.5 (interquartile range 2.0-8.0) years. On overlap weighting analysis with balanced baseline characteristics, CS and CS + Tx were associated with lower risk of kidney events when compared with non-CS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.29-0.88 and HR 0.20, 95%CI 0.09-0.44, respectively). Notably, when compared with the CS, CS + Tx was associated with a lower risk of kidney events (HR 0.40, 95%CI 0.18-0.91). Present study demonstrated, keeping with favorable association of systemic CS with kidney survival, concurrent tonsillectomy as one of targeted interventions to lymphatic tissues may provide additional improvement to kidney survival in patients with IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Kawamura
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Keita Hirano
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Ashikaga Hospital, Ashikaga, Japan
| | - Kentaro Koike
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Masako Nishikawa
- Clinical Research Support Center, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Shimizu
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Joh
- Department of Pathology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Katafuchi
- National Hospital Organization Fukuoka-Higashi Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kano Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akinori Hashiguchi
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Matsuzaki
- Department of Public Health, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shoichi Maruyama
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nobuo Tsuboi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Ichiei Narita
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yano
- Department of Advanced Epidemiology, Noncommunicable Disease (NCD) Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Ōtsu, Shiga, Japan
- The Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Takashi Yokoo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Yusuke Suzuki
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Mucosal Immune System Dysregulation in the Pathogenesis of IgA Nephropathy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123027. [PMID: 36551783 PMCID: PMC9775168 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The mucosal immune system, via a dynamic immune network, serves as the first line of defense against exogenous antigens. Mucosal immune system dysregulation is closely associated with the pathogenesis of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN), as illustrated by IgAN having the clinical feature of gross hematuria, often concurrent with mucosal infections. Notably, previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of tonsillectomy and found that a targeted-release formulation of budesonide reduced proteinuria in patients with IgAN. However, it remains unclear how exogenous antigens interact with the mucosal immune system to induce or exacerbate IgAN. Thus, in this review, we focus on the dysregulation of mucosal immune response in the pathogenesis of IgAN.
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Khalid F, Tahir R, Ellahi M, Amir N, Rizvi SFA, Hasnain A. Emerging trends of edible vaccine therapy for combating human diseases especially
COVID
‐19: Pros, cons, and future challenges. Phytother Res 2022; 36:2746-2766. [PMID: 35499291 PMCID: PMC9347755 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The researchers are still doing efforts to develop an effective, reliable, and easily accessible vaccine candidate to protect against COVID‐19. As of the August 2020, nearly 30 conventional vaccines have been emerged in clinical trials, and more than 200 vaccines are in various development stages. Nowadays, plants are also considered as a potential source for the production of monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, drugs, immunomodulatory proteins, as well as used as bioreactors or factories for their bulk production. The scientific evidences enlighten that plants are the rich source of oral vaccines, which can be given either by eating the edible parts of plants and/or by oral administration of highly refined proteins. The use of plant‐based edible vaccines is an emerging trend as it possesses minimum or no side effects compared with synthetic vaccines. This review article gives insights into different types of vaccines, the use of edible vaccines, advantages of edible vaccines over conventional vaccines, and mechanism of action of edible vaccines. This review article also focuses on the applications of edible vaccines in wide‐range of human diseases especially against COVID‐19 with emphasis on future perspectives of the use of edible vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Khalid
- Institute of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyThe University of LahoreLahorePakistan
| | - Reema Tahir
- Institute of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyThe University of LahoreLahorePakistan
| | - Manahil Ellahi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyThe University of LahoreLahorePakistan
| | - Nilofer Amir
- Institute of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyThe University of LahoreLahorePakistan
| | - Syed Faheem Askari Rizvi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyThe University of LahoreLahorePakistan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLanzhou UniversityLanzhouP.R. China
| | - Ammarah Hasnain
- Institute of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyThe University of LahoreLahorePakistan
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7
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Trincado V, Gala RP, Morales JO. Buccal and Sublingual Vaccines: A Review on Oral Mucosal Immunization and Delivery Systems. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9101177. [PMID: 34696284 PMCID: PMC8539688 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9101177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, most vaccines available on the market are for parental use; however, this may not be the best option on several occasions. Mucosal routes of administration such as intranasal, sublingual, and buccal generate great interest due to the benefits they offer. These range from increasing patient compliance to inducing a more effective immune response than that achieved through conventional routes. Due to the activation of the common mucosal immune system, it is possible to generate an effective systemic and local immune response, which is not achieved through parenteral administration. Protection against pathogens that use mucosal entry routes is provided by an effective induction of mucosal immunity. Mucosal delivery systems are being developed, such as films and microneedles, which have proven to be effective, safe, and easy to administer. These systems have multiple advantages over commonly used injections, which are simple to manufacture, stable at room temperature, painless for the patient since they do not require puncture. Therefore, these delivery systems do not require to be administered by medical personnel; in fact, they could be self-administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Trincado
- Drug Delivery Laboratory, Departamento de Ciencias y Tecnología Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380494, Chile;
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago 8380494, Chile
- Center of New Drugs for Hypertension (CENDHY), Santiago 8380494, Chile
| | - Rikhav P. Gala
- Biotechnology Division, Center Mid-Atlantic, Fraunhofer USA, Newark, DE 19702, USA;
| | - Javier O. Morales
- Drug Delivery Laboratory, Departamento de Ciencias y Tecnología Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380494, Chile;
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago 8380494, Chile
- Center of New Drugs for Hypertension (CENDHY), Santiago 8380494, Chile
- Correspondence:
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Boroumand H, Badie F, Mazaheri S, Seyedi ZS, Nahand JS, Nejati M, Baghi HB, Abbasi-Kolli M, Badehnoosh B, Ghandali M, Hamblin MR, Mirzaei H. Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles Against Viral Infections. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:643953. [PMID: 33816349 PMCID: PMC8011499 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.643953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infections, in addition to damaging host cells, can compromise the host immune system, leading to frequent relapse or long-term persistence. Viruses have the capacity to destroy the host cell while liberating their own RNA or DNA in order to replicate within additional host cells. The viral life cycle makes it challenging to develop anti-viral drugs. Nanotechnology-based approaches have been suggested to deal effectively with viral diseases, and overcome some limitations of anti-viral drugs. Nanotechnology has enabled scientists to overcome the challenges of solubility and toxicity of anti-viral drugs, and can enhance their selectivity towards viruses and virally infected cells, while preserving healthy host cells. Chitosan is a naturally occurring polymer that has been used to construct nanoparticles (NPs), which are biocompatible, biodegradable, less toxic, easy to prepare, and can function as effective drug delivery systems (DDSs). Furthermore, chitosan is Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) by the US Food and Drug Administration (U.S. FDA). Chitosan NPs have been used in drug delivery by the oral, ocular, pulmonary, nasal, mucosal, buccal, or vaginal routes. They have also been studied for gene delivery, vaccine delivery, and advanced cancer therapy. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that chitosan NPs could be used as new therapeutic tools against viral infections. In this review we summarize reports concerning the therapeutic potential of chitosan NPs against various viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homa Boroumand
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Badie
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Samaneh Mazaheri
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Zeynab Sadat Seyedi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Javid Sadri Nahand
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Nejati
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abbasi-Kolli
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bita Badehnoosh
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghandali
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Buschmann MD, Carrasco MJ, Alishetty S, Paige M, Alameh MG, Weissman D. Nanomaterial Delivery Systems for mRNA Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:65. [PMID: 33478109 PMCID: PMC7836001 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent success of mRNA vaccines in SARS-CoV-2 clinical trials is in part due to the development of lipid nanoparticle delivery systems that not only efficiently express the mRNA-encoded immunogen after intramuscular injection, but also play roles as adjuvants and in vaccine reactogenicity. We present an overview of mRNA delivery systems and then focus on the lipid nanoparticles used in the current SARS-CoV-2 vaccine clinical trials. The review concludes with an analysis of the determinants of the performance of lipid nanoparticles in mRNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Buschmann
- Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS 1J7, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; (M.J.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Manuel J. Carrasco
- Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS 1J7, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; (M.J.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Suman Alishetty
- Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS 1J7, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; (M.J.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Mikell Paige
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA;
| | - Mohamad Gabriel Alameh
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 130 Stemmler Hall, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Drew Weissman
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 410B Hill Pavilion, 380 S. University Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
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10
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Lan H, Suzuki H, Nagatake T, Hosomi K, Ikegami K, Setou M, Kunisawa J. Impaired mucociliary motility enhances antigen-specific nasal IgA immune responses to a cholera toxin-based nasal vaccine. Int Immunol 2020; 32:559-568. [PMID: 32347929 PMCID: PMC9262165 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxaa029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasal mucosal tissues are equipped with physical barriers, mucus and cilia, on their surface. The mucus layer captures inhaled materials, and the cilia remove the inhaled materials from the epithelial layer by asymmetrical beating. The effect of nasal physical barriers on the vaccine efficacy remains to be investigated. Tubulin tyrosine ligase-like family, member 1 (Ttll1) is an essential enzyme for appropriate movement of the cilia on respiratory epithelium, and its deficiency (Ttll1-KO) leads to mucus accumulation in the nasal cavity. Here, when mice were intra-nasally immunized with pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA, as vaccine antigen) together with cholera toxin (CT, as mucosal adjuvant), Ttll1-KO mice showed higher levels of PspA-specific IgA in the nasal wash and increased numbers of PspA-specific IgA-producing plasma cells in the nasal passages when compared with Ttll1 hetero (He) mice. Mucus removal by N-acetylcysteine did not affect the enhanced immune responses in Ttll1-KO mice versus Ttll1-He mice. Immunohistological and flow cytometry analyses revealed that retention time of PspA in the nasal cavity in Ttll1-KO mice was longer than that in Ttll1-He mice. Consistently, uptake of PspA by dendritic cells was higher in the nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) of Ttll1-KO mice than that of Ttll1-He mice. These results indicate that the ciliary function of removing vaccine antigen from the NALT epithelial layer is a critical determinant of the efficacy of nasal vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huangwenxian Lan
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Suzuki
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nagatake
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Hosomi
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Ikegami
- Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Setou
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine and Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Yang X, Chen X, Lei T, Qin L, Zhou Y, Hu C, Liu Q, Gao H. The construction of in vitro nasal cavity-mimic M-cell model, design of M cell-targeting nanoparticles and evaluation of mucosal vaccination by nasal administration. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:1094-1105. [PMID: 32642415 PMCID: PMC7332807 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to better evaluate the transport effect of nanoparticles through the nasal mucosa, an in vitro nasal cavity-mimic model was designed based on M cells. The differentiation of M cells was induced by co-culture of Calu-3 and Raji cells in invert model. The ZO-1 protein staining and the transport of fluorescein sodium and dexamethasone showed that the inverted co-culture model formed a dense monolayer and possessed the transport ability. The differentiation of M cells was observed by up-regulated expression of Sialyl Lewis A antigen (SLAA) and integrin β1, and down-regulated activity of alkaline phosphatase. After targeting M cells with iRGD peptide (cRGDKGPDC), the transport of nanoparticles increased. In vivo, the co-administration of iRGD could result in the increase of nanoparticles transported to the brain through the nasal cavity after intranasal administration. In the evaluation of immune effect in vivo, the nasal administration of OVA-PLGA/iRGD led to more release of IgG, IFN-γ, IL-2 and secretory IgA (sIgA) compared with OVA@PLGA group. Collectively, the study constructed in vitro M cell model, and proved the enhanced effect of targeting towards M cell with iRGD on improving nasal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xianchun Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Ting Lei
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lin Qin
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chuan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qingfeng Liu
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201499, China
| | - Huile Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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12
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Anatomical Uniqueness of the Mucosal Immune System (GALT, NALT, iBALT) for the Induction and Regulation of Mucosal Immunity and Tolerance. MUCOSAL VACCINES 2020. [PMCID: PMC7149644 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-811924-2.00002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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13
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Wang X, Hao GL, Wang BY, Gao CC, Wang YX, Li LS, Xu JD. Function and dysfunction of plasma cells in intestine. Cell Biosci 2019; 9:26. [PMID: 30911371 PMCID: PMC6417281 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-019-0288-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As the main player in humoral immunity, antibodies play indispensable roles in the body's immune system. Plasma cells (PCs), as antibody factories, are important contributors to humoral immunity. PCs, recognized by their unique marker CD138, are always discovered in the medullary cords of spleen and lymph nodes and in bone marrow and mucosal lymphoid tissue. This article will review the origin and differentiation of PCs, characteristics of short- and long-lived PCs, and the secretion of antibodies, such as IgA, IgM, and IgG. PCs play a crucial role in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis using immunomodulation though complex mechanisms. Clearly, PCs play functional roles in maintaining intestinal health, but more details are needed to fully understand all the other effects of intestinal PCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xuanwu Hospital, Beijing Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Gui-liang Hao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xuanwu Hospital, Beijing Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Bo-ya Wang
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Chen-chen Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Yue-xiu Wang
- Department of Teaching Office, International School, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Li-sheng Li
- Function Platform Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Jing-dong Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069 China
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14
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Date Y, Ebisawa M, Fukuda S, Shima H, Obata Y, Takahashi D, Kato T, Hanazato M, Nakato G, Williams IR, Hase K, Ohno H. NALT M cells are important for immune induction for the common mucosal immune system. Int Immunol 2018; 29:471-478. [PMID: 29186424 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxx064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) is one of the major constituents of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), and has the ability to induce antigen-specific immune responses. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for antigen uptake from the nasal cavity into the NALT remain largely unknown. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that CCL9 and CCL20 were co-localized with glycoprotein 2 (GP2) in the epithelium covering NALT, suggesting the existence of M cells in NALT. In analogy with the reduced number of Peyer's patch M cells in CCR6-deficient mice, the number of NALT M cells was drastically decreased in CCR6-deficient mice compared with the wild-type mice. Translocation of nasally administered Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium into NALT via NALT M cells was impaired in CCR6-deficient mice, whereas S. Typhimurium demonstrated consistent co-localization with NALT M cells in wild-type mice. When wild-type mice were nasally administered with an attenuated vaccine strain of S. Typhimurium, the mice were protected from a subsequent challenge with wild-type S. Typhimurium. Antigen-specific fecal and nasal IgA was detected after nasal immunization with the attenuated vaccine strain of S. Typhimurium only in wild-type mice but not in CCR6-deficient mice. Taken together, these observations demonstrate that NALT M cells are important as a first line of defense against infection by enabling activation of the common mucosal immune system (CMIS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Date
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Kanagawa, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masashi Ebisawa
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Kanagawa, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shinji Fukuda
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideaki Shima
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Kanagawa, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuuki Obata
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Kanagawa, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Kato
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Kanagawa, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Misaho Hanazato
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Kanagawa, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Gaku Nakato
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Kanagawa, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ifor R Williams
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Koji Hase
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohno
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Kanagawa, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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15
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Hwang HS, Puth S, Tan W, Verma V, Jeong K, Lee SE, Rhee JH. More robust gut immune responses induced by combining intranasal and sublingual routes for prime-boost immunization. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 14:2194-2202. [PMID: 29781755 PMCID: PMC6183199 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1472185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Norovirus causes acute and debilitating gastroenteritis, characterized by vomiting and diarrhea. We recently reported a recombinant GII. 4 P domain particle (Pd) vaccine adjuvanted with a flagellin, Vibrio vulnificus FlaB, effectively promoting both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. In the previous study, we found that sublingual (SL) immunization induced higher fecal secretory IgA (SIgA) responses while intranasal (IN) route provided higher amplitude of humoral and cellular immune responses in the systemic compartment. We hypothesized that the combination of IN and SL routes should induce more potent and sustained SIgA responses in the gut. In this study, we have tried combinatorial prime-boost immunization employing both IN and SL routes. The IN priming and SL boosting with the Pd+FlaB vaccine enhanced highest SIgA responses in feces, accompanying increased Pd-specific memory B cells and plasma cells in spleen and bone marrow, respectively. Notably, the strongest long-lasting SIgA response in feces was induced by combined IN prime and SL boost vaccination, which was sustained for more than 3 months. Significantly enhanced gut-homing B cell and follicular helper T cell responses in mesenteric lymph nodes (mLNs) were observed in the IN prime and SL boost combination. IN priming was a requisite for the robust induction of Pd-specific IFNγ, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-5 cytokine responses in the systemic immune compartment. Collectively, the IN prime and SL boost combination was the best option for inducing balanced long-lasting immune responses against the norovirus antigen in both enteric and systemic compartments. These results suggest that immune responses in specific mucosal compartments may be programmed by employing different prime-boost immunization routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Suk Hwang
- a Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University , Hwasun-gun , Jeonnam , Republic of Korea
| | - Sao Puth
- a Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University , Hwasun-gun , Jeonnam , Republic of Korea
| | - Wenzhi Tan
- a Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University , Hwasun-gun , Jeonnam , Republic of Korea
| | - Vivek Verma
- a Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University , Hwasun-gun , Jeonnam , Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangjoon Jeong
- a Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University , Hwasun-gun , Jeonnam , Republic of Korea.,b Department of Microbiology , Chonnam National University Medical School , Hwasun-gun , Jeonnam , Republic of Korea
| | - Shee Eun Lee
- a Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University , Hwasun-gun , Jeonnam , Republic of Korea.,c Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics , School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University , Gwangju , Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Haeng Rhee
- a Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University , Hwasun-gun , Jeonnam , Republic of Korea.,b Department of Microbiology , Chonnam National University Medical School , Hwasun-gun , Jeonnam , Republic of Korea
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17
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Abstract
Molecular farming provides an unprecedented approach for the production of metabolites or proteins of medicinal value from plants used previously only in agricultural setting. These plants act as protein factories that can synthesize a variety of proteins free from pathogens such as plasma proteins, growth factors, and vaccines. This method provides a novel, tempting, inexpensive, easy, and safe alternative to other techniques of protein or antigen production. With the advent of transgenic plants, it is possible to produce unlimited amounts of subunit vaccines (for oral use/edible and of parenteral use), protein used for pharmaceutical/medicinal purpose, recombinant proteins, antibodies, and industrial enzymes. Plants have numerous advantages over the production systems on account of scalability, safety, and are economic; for example, less cost of production is involved for Hepatitis B nucleocapsid antigen using transgenic tobacco. Biopharming or molecular farming provides an important resource for cheaper drug production used in the treatment of cancer, heart diseases, and infectious diseases. The pharmaceutical products are manufactured by genetically engineered plants that are extracted and purified, also known as pharmaceuticals produced by plants. Edible vaccines are cheaper in cost, easy to administer mostly by oral route, fail-safe, and are acceptable by society especially in developing countries. These vaccines are targeted to provide systemic as well as mucosal types of immunity. It has been predicted that in future children may get their immunization by munching on foods instead of getting enduring shots. The production of edible vaccines consists of the process of introducing the selected genes of desired quality into plant to induce these altered or transgenic plants to produce the encoded proteins in a natural way. These vaccines provide safer alternatives and help in reduction of cost of production and shipping and also decrease the potential hazards associated with conventional vaccines. However, becoming a reality and readily availability of edible vaccine is challenged by many problems of technical, regulatory, and nonscientific issues, which should be ruled out and rectified. This chapter provides insight into the current scenario and future applications of this new preventive modality.
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18
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Nakahashi-Ouchida R, Yuki Y, Kiyono H. Development of a nanogel-based nasal vaccine as a novel antigen delivery system. Expert Rev Vaccines 2017; 16:1231-1240. [PMID: 29053938 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2017.1395702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nasal vaccination is one of the most effective immunization methods because it can induce effective antigen-specific immune responses not only at the mucosal site of administration but also at distant mucosal surfaces, as well as in the systemic compartment. Based on this advantage, many nasal vaccines are being developed and some have been licensed and marketed for clinical use. However, some have been withdrawn because of unacceptable adverse events such as inactivated influenza vaccine administrated with a heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli as an adjuvant. Thus, it is important to consider both the efficacy and safety of nasal vaccines. Areas covered: This review describes the benefits of cholesteryl group-bearing pullulan (CHP) nanogels for nasal vaccine delivery and vaccine development identified on Pubmed database with the term 'Nanogel-based nasal vaccine'. Expert commentary: CHP nanogels have been developed as novel drug delivery system, and a cationic CHP nanogels have been demonstrated to induce effective immunity as a nasal vaccine antigen carrier. Since vaccine antigens incorporated into CHP nanogels have exhibited no brain deposition after nasal administration in mice and nonhuman primates, the vaccine seems safe, and could be a promising new delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Nakahashi-Ouchida
- a Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science , University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Yuki
- a Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science , University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- a Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science , University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan.,b International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccine, The Institute of Medical Science , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan.,c Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine , Chiba University , Chiba , Japan
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19
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Bernocchi B, Carpentier R, Betbeder D. Nasal nanovaccines. Int J Pharm 2017; 530:128-138. [PMID: 28698066 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nasal administration of vaccines is convenient for the potential stimulation of mucosal and systemic immune protection. Moreover the easy accessibility of the intranasal route renders it optimal for pandemic vaccination. Nanoparticles have been identified as ideal delivery systems and adjuvants for vaccine application. Heterogeneous protocols have been used for animal studies. This complicates the understanding of the formulation influence on the immune response and the comparison of the different nanoparticles approaches developed. Moreover anatomical and immunological differences between rodents and humans provide an additional hurdle in the rational development of nasal nanovaccines. This review will give a comprehensive expertise of the state of the art in nasal nanovaccines in animals and humans focusing on the nanomaterial used.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bernocchi
- Inserm, LIRIC-UMR 995, F-59000 Lille, France; Université de Lille, LIRIC-UMR 995, F-59000 Lille, France; CHRU de Lille, LIRIC-UMR 995, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - R Carpentier
- Inserm, LIRIC-UMR 995, F-59000 Lille, France; Université de Lille, LIRIC-UMR 995, F-59000 Lille, France; CHRU de Lille, LIRIC-UMR 995, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - D Betbeder
- Inserm, LIRIC-UMR 995, F-59000 Lille, France; Université de Lille, LIRIC-UMR 995, F-59000 Lille, France; CHRU de Lille, LIRIC-UMR 995, F-59000 Lille, France; University of Artois, 62000 Arras, France
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20
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Ainai A, Suzuki T, Tamura SI, Hasegawa H. Intranasal Administration of Whole Inactivated Influenza Virus Vaccine as a Promising Influenza Vaccine Candidate. Viral Immunol 2017. [PMID: 28650274 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2017.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of the current influenza vaccine, an inactivated virus vaccine administered by subcutaneous/intramuscular injection, is limited to reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with seasonal influenza outbreaks. Intranasal vaccination, by contrast, mimics natural infection and induces not only systemic IgG antibodies but also local secretory IgA (S-IgA) antibodies found on the surface of the mucosal epithelium in the upper respiratory tract. S-IgA antibodies are highly effective at preventing virus infection. Although the live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) administered intranasally can induce local antibodies, this vaccine is restricted to healthy populations aged 2-49 years because of safety concerns associated with using live viruses in a vaccine. Instead of LAIV, an intranasal vaccine made with inactivated virus could be applied to high-risk populations, including infants and elderly adults. Normally, a mucosal adjuvant would be required to enhance the effect of intranasal vaccination with an inactivated influenza vaccine. However, we found that intranasal administration of a concentrated, whole inactivated influenza virus vaccine without any mucosal adjuvant was enough to induce local neutralizing S-IgA antibodies in the nasal epithelium of healthy individuals with some immunological memory for seasonal influenza viruses. This intranasal vaccine is a novel candidate that could improve on the current injectable vaccine or the LAIV for the prevention of seasonal influenza epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Ainai
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadaki Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Tamura
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Hasegawa
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo, Japan
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Wu H, Bao Y, Wang X, Zhou D, Wu W. Alkyl polyglycoside, a highly promising adjuvant in intranasal split influenza vaccines. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 13:1-9. [PMID: 28129034 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1278098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza viral infections are significant global public health concerns due to the morbidity and mortality associated with acute respiratory disease, secondary complications, and pandemic threats; thus, continuous efforts have been made to develop potent influenza vaccines. In this study, 3 different mucosal adjuvants-alkyl polyglycoside (APG), gellan gum, and chitosan (CS)-were evaluated for their efficacy in intranasal A/H1N1 or B split influenza vaccines administered to BALB/c mice. Protective immunity was monitored by serum analysis for IgG, hemagglutination inhibition (HI), and neutralizing antibody levels, as well as mucosal IgA levels in nasal and pulmonary lavage fluids. Survival, body weight, lung viral titer, and pulmonary immunopathology were also examined following lethal influenza challenge. Notably, all adjuvants amplified the IgG and IgA immune responses (not detected in immunization of influenza B) and increased survival rate compared with controls administered adjuvant-free intranasal vaccines. Alternatively, intramuscular immunization stimulated IgG production, but had no effect on IgA levels. Our collective analysis identified that APG was the most effective intranasal adjuvant, as all mice survived influenza challenge with limited body weight loss, viral titer, and pulmonary pathology, similar to those observed with intramuscular vaccination. This evidence supports that APG can elicit both systemic and mucosal immunity, and may be an effective adjuvant in intranasal split influenza A/H1N1 and B vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wu
- a National Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry , Shanghai , China
| | - Yuanyuan Bao
- a National Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry , Shanghai , China
| | - Xiang Wang
- b Vaccine Research Center, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China
| | - Dongming Zhou
- b Vaccine Research Center, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China
| | - Wenzhe Wu
- a National Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry , Shanghai , China
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22
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Ren ST, Zhang XM, Sun PF, Sun LJ, Guo X, Tian T, Zhang J, Guo QY, Li X, Guo LJ, Che J, Wang B, Zhang H. Intranasal Immunization Using Mannatide as a Novel Adjuvant for an Inactivated Influenza Vaccine and Its Adjuvant Effect Compared with MF59. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169501. [PMID: 28052136 PMCID: PMC5215226 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intranasal vaccination is more potent than parenteral injection for the prevention of influenza. However, because the poor efficiency of antigen uptake across the nasal mucosa is a key issue, immunostimulatory adjuvants are essential for intranasal vaccines. The immunomodulator mannatide or polyactin (PA) has been used for the clinical treatment of impaired immunity in China, but its adjuvant effect on an inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine (ITIV) via intranasal vaccination is unclear. To explore the adjuvant effect of PA, an inactivated trivalent influenza virus with or without PA or MF59 was instilled intranasally once a week in BALB/c mice. Humoral immunity was assessed by both the ELISA and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) methods using antigen-specific antibodies. Splenic lymphocyte proliferation and the IFN-γ level were measured to evaluate cell-mediated immunity. The post-vaccination serum HI antibody geometric mean titers (GMTs) for the H1N1 and H3N2 strains, antigen-specific serum IgG and IgA GMTs, mucosal SIgA GMT, splenic lymphocyte proliferation, and IFN-γ were significantly increased in the high-dose PA-adjuvanted vaccine group. The seroconversion rate and the mucosal response for the H3N2 strain were significantly elevated after high-dose PA administration. These adjuvant effects of high-dose PA for the influenza vaccine were comparable with those of the MF59 adjuvant, and abnormal signs or pathological changes were not found in the evaluated organs. In conclusion, PA is a novel mucosal adjuvant for intranasal vaccination with the ITIV that has safe and effective mucosal adjuvanticity in mice and successfully induces both serum and mucosal antibody responses and a cell-mediated response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ting Ren
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- * E-mail: (STR); (HZ); (BW)
| | - Xue-Mei Zhang
- No. 6 Vaccine Workshop, Changchun Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Peng-Fei Sun
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Department of Pathology, Xi’an City Center Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Li-Juan Sun
- Reagent R&D Dep. Scientific Research Management Center, Capital Bio Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Guo
- No. 6 Vaccine Workshop, Changchun Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Qi-Yuan Guo
- No. 6 Vaccine Workshop, Changchun Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Xue Li
- No. 6 Vaccine Workshop, Changchun Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Li-Jun Guo
- Changchun Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Jin Che
- Therapeutic Vaccines Engineering Center of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Therapeutic Vaccines Engineering Center of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- * E-mail: (STR); (HZ); (BW)
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xi’an Medical University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- * E-mail: (STR); (HZ); (BW)
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23
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Abstract
The appalling toll on the populations of developing countries as a result of the HIV epidemic shows no signs of abatement. While costly drug therapies are effective in developed nations, the sheer scale of the epidemic elsewhere makes the need for a vaccine an ever more urgent goal. The prevalent DNA prime-viral boost strategy aims to elicit cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL) against HIV, but this approach is undermined by the rapid mutation of HIV, which thereby escapes CTL control. Alloimmunity has been found to be protective in vertical transmission from infected mothers to their babies, in alloimmunization of women with their partners’ mononuclear cells, and in monkeys immunized with SIV grown in human T-cells. Vaginal mucosal immunization, as a result of unprotected sex with a regular partner, induced in vitro protection against HIV infection, and this was confirmed in macaques. The second type of natural protection is found in persons with the homozygous Δ32 CCR5 mutation, a 32-base-pair deletion of the CCR5 gene, which results in a lack of cell-surface expression of CCR5, which is associated with an increase in CC chemokines and the development of CCR5 antibodies. These two ‘experiments of nature’ have been used to develop vaccine strategies—first, in vaginal immunization of macaques with CCR5 peptides, in addition to HIV envelope (env) and SIV core (gag) antigens, all of which were linked to the 70-kD heat-shock protein (HSP70); and second, in mucosal allo-immunization of macaques, which also gave rise to in vitro protection from infection. Immunization with this vaccine elicited serum and vaginal IgG and IgA antibodies, IFNγ- and IL-12-producing cells, and increased concentrations of CCL-3 and CCL-4. Vaginal challenge with a simian immunodeficiency virus engineered to carry a human envelope protein (SHIV 89.6) showed significant clearance of SHIV in the immunized macaques. This platform strategy will now be developed to activate the co-stimulatory pathways with the aim of enhancing the primary allogeneic and CCR5-directed responses which are involved in natural protection against HIV infection. Abbreviations: IFN-γ, gamma interferon; IL-12, interleukin 12; MIP-1 α,β, Macrophage inflammatory protein-1; RANTES, Regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted; SDF-1, stromal-derived factor 1; SIV, simian immunodeficiency virus; and SHIV, engineered SIV carrying a human envelope protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Bergmeier
- Mucosal Immunology Unit, Guy's King's and St Thomas' Medical and Dental School, Kings College London, London SE1 9RT, UK.
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Pomeroy B, Gurjar A, Sipka A, Klaessig S, Salmon S, Quesnell R, Schukken YH. Intramammary immunization with ultraviolet-killed Escherichia coli shows partial protection against late gestation intramammary challenge with a homologous strain. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:9014-9026. [PMID: 27638260 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of intramammary immunization with UV-killed Escherichia coli ECC-Z on prevention of intramammary colonization after a challenge with a dose of the homologous E. coli ECC-Z live bacteria. A total of 10 cows were included in a study to evaluate the efficacy of intramammary immunization. All 10 cows received an intramammary immunization of 100 cfu of UV-killed E. coli ECC-Z bacteria into one hind quarter at the time of dry off. Approximately 2wk before the anticipated calving date, both hind quarters of all cows were challenged with 100 cfu of live E. coli ECC-Z bacteria. Five of the cows were vaccinated parenterally with a commercial J5 bacterin, and 5 cows served as controls with no parenteral vaccination. The cows were then followed over time and infection risk, clinical scores, somatic cell count, and milk production were observed over time. The results of these 10 cows showed partial protection of intramammary immunization on the outcome of a subsequent homologous intramammary challenge. Immunization resulted in a lower probability of infection, a lower bacteria count, lower somatic cell counts and milk conductivity, a lower clinical mastitis score, and increased milk production compared with unimmunized control quarters. Once the analysis was corrected for immunization, parenteral J5 vaccination had no significant effect on any of the measured parameters. These results provide the first evidence that intramammary immunization may improve the outcome of an intramammary E. coli infection in late gestation and onset of mastitis immediately following parturition. Unlike systemic vaccination, which generally does not reduce the intramammary infection risk, the intramammary immunization did show a 5-times reduced odds of an established intramammary infection after challenge. Cytokine profiles indicated a local return of proinflammatory response after challenge as the data showed a more pronounced increase in in IFN-γ with a subsequent negative feedback due to a spike in the level of IL-10 in immunized quarters relative to nonimmunized quarters. Although these results are preliminary and obtained on only 10 cows, the results provide insight into the biological benefits of triggering mucosal immunity in the mammary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pomeroy
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
| | - A Gurjar
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - A Sipka
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - S Klaessig
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - S Salmon
- Zoetis Animal Health, Kalamazoo, MI 49007
| | - R Quesnell
- Zoetis Animal Health, Kalamazoo, MI 49007
| | - Y H Schukken
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; GD Animal Health, Arnsbergstraat 7, 7411 EZ Deventer, the Netherlands; Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Go M, Kojima T, Takano KI, Murata M, Ichimiya S, Tsubota H, Himi T, Sawada N. Expression and Function of Tight Junctions in the Crypt Epithelium of Human Palatine Tonsils. J Histochem Cytochem 2016; 52:1627-38. [PMID: 15557217 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.4a6339.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The human palatine tonsils have surface and crypt stratified epithelium and may be initiated via the epithelium to mount immune responses to various presenting antigens. Here we investigated the expression and function of tight junctions in the epithelium of human palatine tonsils from patients with tonsillar hypertrophy or recurrent tonsillitis. Occludin, ZO-1, JAM-1, and claudin-1, −3, −4, −7, −8, and −14 mRNAs were detected in tonsillar hypertrophy. Occludin and claudin-14 were expressed in the uppermost layer of the tonsil surface epithelium, whereas ZO-1, JAM-1, and claudin-1, −4, and −7 were found throughout the epithelium. In the crypt epithelium, claudin-4 was preferentially expressed in the upper layers. In freeze-fracture replicas, short fragments of continuous tight junction strands were observed but never formed networks. In the crypt epithelium of recurrent tonsillitis, the tracer was leaked from the surface regions where occludin and claudin-4 disappeared. Occludin, ZO-1, JAM-1, and claudin-1, −3, −4, and −14, but not claudin-7, mRNAs were decreased in recurrent tonsillitis compared with those of tonsillar hypertrophy. These studies suggest unique expression of tight junctions in human palatine tonsillar epithelium, and the crypt epithelium may possess an epithelial barrier different from that of the surface epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Go
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Yoon S, Kim ED, Song MS, Han SJ, Park TK, Choi KS, Choi YK, Seo KY. Eyedrop Vaccination Induced Systemic and Mucosal Immunity against Influenza Virus in Ferrets. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157634. [PMID: 27333331 PMCID: PMC4917170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated eyedrop vaccination (EDV) in pre-clinical development for immunological protection against influenza and for potential side effects involving ocular inflammation and the central nervous system (CNS). Live attenuated influenza EDV, CA07 (H1N1), PZ-4 (H1N2) and Uruguay (H3N2), induced both systemic and mucosal virus-specific antibody responses in ferrets. In addition, EDV resulted in a clinically significant protection against viral challenge, and suppression of viral replication in nasal secretion and lung tissue. Regarding safety, we found that administered EDV flow through the tear duct to reach the base of nasal cavity, and thus do not contact the olfactory bulb. All analyses for potential adverse effects due to EDV, including histological and functional examinations, did not reveal significant side effects. On the basis of these findings, we propose that EDV as effective, while being a safe administration route with minimum local side effects, CNS invasion, or visual function disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangchul Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Medical Center, Seoul, 04564, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Do Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Suk Song
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jung Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kwann Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, 14584, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Sub Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Health Insurance Corporation Ilsan Hospital, Gyounggi-do, 10444, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ki Choi
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Yul Seo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Muto K, Kamei N, Yoshida M, Takayama K, Takeda-Morishita M. Cell-Penetrating Peptide Penetratin as a Potential Tool for Developing Effective Nasal Vaccination Systems. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:2014-2017. [PMID: 27155764 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Nasal vaccination is considered an attractive strategy to prevent the infection and spread of viruses. However, the vaccine formulations available on the market remain imperfect on account of their limited effectiveness. In the present study, we hypothesized that the nasal coadministration of antigens with cell-penetrating peptides promotes antigen delivery immune response in the nasal mucosa, thereby enhancing the production of mucosal IgA and systemic IgG. The levels of ovalbumin (OVA)-specific IgG and IgA in plasma and nasal perfusate, respectively, increased after 2 or 4 weeks on nasal coadministration of OVA with l- or d-penetratin, suggesting that OVA antigen was effectively delivered by penetratin to the nasal epithelium. An additional study demonstrated that the production of systemic IgG and nasal mucosal IgA against influenza A virus was specifically promoted by nasal coadministration of influenza A virus with d-penetratin. The results of this study suggested that cell-penetrating peptides are a promising tool for the delivery of vaccines to the nasal mucosa and for the subsequent dual stimulation of systemic and mucosal immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiya Muto
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Noriyasu Kamei
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery Systems, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Hyogo 650-8586, Japan
| | - Mia Yoshida
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Kozo Takayama
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Mariko Takeda-Morishita
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery Systems, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Hyogo 650-8586, Japan.
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Mizuno D, Kimoto T, Sakai S, Takahashi E, Kim H, Kido H. Induction of systemic and mucosal immunity and maintenance of its memory against influenza A virus by nasal vaccination using a new mucosal adjuvant SF-10 derived from pulmonary surfactant in young cynomolgus monkeys. Vaccine 2016; 34:1881-8. [PMID: 26954466 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Induction of systemic and mucosal immunity and maintenance of its memory was investigated in 12 young male cynomolgus monkeys after intranasal instillation of flu vaccine using a new mucosal adjuvant SF-10 derived from pulmonary surfactant constituents. Split-product of influenza virus A/California/7/2009(H1N1)pdm hemagglutinin vaccine (HAv) at 15 μg with or without SF-10 and the adjuvant alone were instilled intranasally three times every 2 weeks. SF-10-adjuvanted HAv (SF-10-HAv) elicited significantly higher HAv-specific IgG and hemagglutinin inhibition (HI) titers in serum and HAv-specific secretory IgA and its neutralizing activities in nasal washes compared with HAv antigen and SF-10 alone. Significant cross-neutralizing activities of nasal washes after the third vaccination to several other H1N1 and H3N2 strains were observed. HI titers in serum and neutralizing activities in nasal washes reached peak levels at 6 weeks after initial vaccination, then gradually decreased after 10 weeks and returned to the baseline levels at 36 weeks. A single intranasal revaccination of SF-10-HAv at 36 weeks rapidly and significantly increased both immunity in serum and nasal washes compared with naïve monkeys. Revaccination by one or two doses achieved almost maximal immunity at 2 or 4 weeks after instillation. Statistically significant adverse effects (e.g., body weight loss, elevated body temperature, nasal discharge, change in peripheral blood leukocyte and platelet counts) were not observed for 2 weeks after vaccination of SF-10-HAv, HAv or SF-10 and also during the experimental period. These results in young monkey model suggest the potential of clinical use SF-10 for intranasal flu vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Mizuno
- Division of Enzyme Chemistry, Institute for Enzyme Research, Tokushima University, Kuramoto-cho 3-18-15, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Takashi Kimoto
- Division of Enzyme Chemistry, Institute for Enzyme Research, Tokushima University, Kuramoto-cho 3-18-15, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Satoko Sakai
- Division of Enzyme Chemistry, Institute for Enzyme Research, Tokushima University, Kuramoto-cho 3-18-15, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Etsuhisa Takahashi
- Division of Enzyme Chemistry, Institute for Enzyme Research, Tokushima University, Kuramoto-cho 3-18-15, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hyejin Kim
- Division of Enzyme Chemistry, Institute for Enzyme Research, Tokushima University, Kuramoto-cho 3-18-15, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kido
- Division of Enzyme Chemistry, Institute for Enzyme Research, Tokushima University, Kuramoto-cho 3-18-15, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
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29
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Saito S, Ainai A, Suzuki T, Harada N, Ami Y, Yuki Y, Takeyama H, Kiyono H, Tsukada H, Hasegawa H. The effect of mucoadhesive excipient on the nasal retention time of and the antibody responses induced by an intranasal influenza vaccine. Vaccine 2016; 34:1201-7. [PMID: 26802605 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recently, we reported that intranasal vaccination of humans with whole inactivated influenza vaccine in the absence of mucosal adjuvant induced neutralizing antibody responses in the serum and nasal mucus. The mucoadhesive excipient carboxy-vinyl polymer (CVP) increases the viscosity and therefore mucoadhesiveness of intranasal medicaments and is an authorized excipient in Japan. In the present study, we analyzed the effect of adding CVP on intranasal whole inactivated influenza vaccine antigen dynamics and antibody responses. METHODS Mice and nonhuman primates (NHPs) were intranasally administered the [(18)F]-radiolabeled vaccine and subjected to positron emission tomography analysis for 6h. Dendritic cells were stimulated in vitro with the vaccine mixed with or without a mucosal adjuvant (Ampligen) and/or CVP, after which the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-β levels in the supernatants were measured. Cynomolgus monkeys were immunized intranasally with the vaccine mixed with Ampligen and/or CVP and their vaccine-specific serum IgG and IgA titers were measured on days 0 and 33. RESULTS The vaccine was retained significantly longer in the nasal cavity of both mice and NHPs when it was delivered with CVP rather than PBS. Accumulation of the radiolabeled vaccine in the central nervous system was not detected in either model regardless of whether CVP was used. CVP only very weakly increased the TNF-α production of vaccine-stimulated dendritic cells. IFN-β production was not observed regardless of the presence or absence of CVP. CVP increased the vaccine-specific IgA antibody responses of the intranasally vaccinated cynomolgus macaques. CONCLUSION CVP increased intranasal retention of whole inactivated influenza vaccine, did not promote antigen redirection to the central nervous system, and improved mucosal antibody responses. The mechanism probably relates to its mucoadhesive properties rather than its ability to directly stimulate the immune system. Intranasal vaccines with CVP may be a promising candidate vaccine formulation for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Saito
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Ainai
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadaki Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihiro Harada
- PET Center, Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ami
- Division of Experimental Animal Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Yuki
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruko Takeyama
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Tsukada
- PET Center, Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hideki Hasegawa
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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Su F, Patel GB, Hu S, Chen W. Induction of mucosal immunity through systemic immunization: Phantom or reality? Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 12:1070-9. [PMID: 26752023 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1114195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Generation of protective immunity at mucosal surfaces can greatly assist the host defense against pathogens which either cause disease at the mucosal epithelial barriers or enter the host through these surfaces. Although mucosal routes of immunization, such as intranasal and oral, are being intensely explored and appear promising for eliciting protective mucosal immunity in mammals, their application in clinical practice has been limited due to technical and safety related challenges. Most of the currently approved human vaccines are administered via systemic (such as intramuscular and subcutaneous) routes. Whereas these routes are acknowledged as being capable to elicit antigen-specific systemic humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, they are generally perceived as incapable of generating IgA responses or protective mucosal immunity. Nevertheless, currently licensed systemic vaccines do provide effective protection against mucosal pathogens such as influenza viruses and Streptococcus pneumoniae. However, whether systemic immunization induces protective mucosal immunity remains a controversial topic. Here we reviewed the current literature and discussed the potential of systemic routes of immunization for the induction of mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Su
- a Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada.,b Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , PR China
| | - Girishchandra B Patel
- a Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Songhua Hu
- a Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Wangxue Chen
- a Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada.,c Department of Biology, Brock University , St. Catharines , Ontario , Canada
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Nasal Administration of Cholera Toxin as a Mucosal Adjuvant Damages the Olfactory System in Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139368. [PMID: 26422280 PMCID: PMC4589288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholera toxin (CT) induces severe diarrhea in humans but acts as an adjuvant to enhance immune responses to vaccines when administered orally. Nasally administered CT also acts as an adjuvant, but CT and CT derivatives, including the B subunit of CT (CTB), are taken up from the olfactory epithelium and transported to the olfactory bulbs and therefore may be toxic to the central nervous system. To assess the toxicity, we investigated whether nasally administered CT or CT derivatives impair the olfactory system. In mice, nasal administration of CT, but not CTB or a non-toxic CT derivative, reduced the expression of olfactory marker protein (OMP) in the olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulbs and impaired odor responses, as determined with behavioral tests and optical imaging. Thus, nasally administered CT, like orally administered CT, is toxic and damages the olfactory system in mice. However, CTB and a non-toxic CT derivative, do not damage the olfactory system. The optical imaging we used here will be useful for assessing the safety of nasal vaccines and adjuvants during their development for human use and CT can be used as a positive control in this test.
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Spinner JL, Oberoi HS, Yorgensen YM, Poirier DS, Burkhart DJ, Plante M, Evans JT. Methylglycol chitosan and a synthetic TLR4 agonist enhance immune responses to influenza vaccine administered sublingually. Vaccine 2015; 33:5845-5853. [PMID: 26392012 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.08.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Influenza is a vaccine-preventable contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza (flu) viruses which can lead to hospitalization and sometimes even death. Current flu vaccines delivered intramuscularly (IM) or intradermally (ID) are less effective at eliciting protective mucosal immune responses and vaccines delivered intranasally (IN) possess potential safety concerns. Sublingual (SL) vaccination is a promising alternative route for vaccine delivery which has been indicated as safe and effective at inducing protective immune responses in both systemic and mucosal compartments. We evaluated the efficacy of methylglycol chitosan (MGC) and a synthetic toll-like receptor 4 agonist (CRX-601), alone or in combination, for improving systemic and mucosal immune responses to a monovalent detergent-split flu virus vaccine delivered SL. SL vaccination of mice with split-flu vaccine formulated with either MGC or CRX-601 resulted in specific serum IgG and mucosal IgA titers that were significantly greater than titers from non-adjuvanted vaccination and equivalent to or greater than titers in mice vaccinated IM. Our results demonstrate that SL vaccination utilizing MGC or CRX-601 as adjuvants is a viable alternative route of vaccination for flu which can elicit systemic immune responses equivalent to or greater than IM vaccination with the added benefit of stimulating a robust specific mucosal immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin L Spinner
- GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, 553 Old Corvallis Road, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | | | | | | | - David J Burkhart
- GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, 553 Old Corvallis Road, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Martin Plante
- Neomed Institute, 7171 Frederick Banting, Montreal, QC, Canada H4S 1Z9
| | - Jay T Evans
- GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, 553 Old Corvallis Road, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA.
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Cholesteryl Pullulan Encapsulated TNF-α Nanoparticles Are an Effective Mucosal Vaccine Adjuvant against Influenza Virus. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:471468. [PMID: 26421290 PMCID: PMC4569761 DOI: 10.1155/2015/471468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We encapsulated tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a major proinflammatory cytokine, into cholesteryl pullulan (CHP) to prepare TNF/CHP nanoparticles. In this report, we describe the immune-enhancing capability of the nanoparticles to act as a vaccine adjuvant. TNF/CHP nanoparticles showed excellent storage stability and enhanced host immune responses to external immunogens. The nanoparticles were effective via the nasal route of administration for inducing systemic IgG1 as well as mucosal IgA. We applied the nanoparticles in a model experimental influenza virus infection to investigate their adjuvant ability. TNF/CHP nanoparticles combined with a conventional split vaccine protected mice via nasal administration against a lethal challenge of A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) influenza virus. Mechanistic studies showed that the nanoparticles enhanced antigen uptake by dendritic cells (DCs) and moderately induced the expression of inflammation-related genes in nasopharynx lymphoid tissue (NALT), leading to the activation of both B and T cells. Preliminary safety study revealed no severe toxicity to TNF/CHP nanoparticles. Slight-to-moderate influences in nasal mucosa were observed only in the repeated administration and they seemed to be reversible. Our data show that TNF/CHP nanoparticles effectively enhance both humoral and cellular immunity and could be a potential adjuvant for vaccines against infectious diseases, especially in the mucosa.
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Fukasaka M, Asari D, Kiyotoh E, Okazaki A, Gomi Y, Tanimoto T, Takeuchi O, Akira S, Hori M. A Lipopolysaccharide from Pantoea Agglomerans Is a Promising Adjuvant for Sublingual Vaccines to Induce Systemic and Mucosal Immune Responses in Mice via TLR4 Pathway. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126849. [PMID: 25978818 PMCID: PMC4433252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A lipopolysaccharide from Pantoea agglomerans (LPSpa) has been applied to various fields for human use as a Toll-like receptor 4 ligand and its safety has been confirmed. Here, we showed for the first time the application of LPSpa as an effective mucosal adjuvant for activating vaccine-induced antigen specific immune responses. Mice sublingually immunized with influenza vaccine (HA split vaccine) with LPSpa induced both HA-specific IgG (systemic) and IgA (mucosal) antibody responses, which led to a significant increase in survival rate against lethal influenza virus challenge compared with subcutaneous vaccination. After sublingual administration of ovalbumin with LPSpa, ovalbumin-specific mucosal IgA responses were induced at both mucosal surfaces close to the immunized site and at remote mucosal surfaces. Sublingual administration of LPSpa evoked local antigen-uptake by dendritic cells in cervical lymph nodes. LPSpa induced cytokine production and the maturation and proliferation of innate immune cells via Toll-like receptor 4 in dendritic cells. Collectively, these results suggest that LPSpa can be used as an effective mucosal adjuvant to stimulate and activate local innate immune cells to improve and enhance mucosal vaccine potency against various pathogens.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology
- Administration, Sublingual
- Animals
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Female
- Immunity, Humoral/drug effects
- Immunity, Humoral/immunology
- Immunity, Mucosal/drug effects
- Immunity, Mucosal/immunology
- Immunoglobulin A/immunology
- Immunoglobulin G/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Lipopolysaccharides/administration & dosage
- Lipopolysaccharides/immunology
- Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Pantoea/immunology
- Toll-Like Receptor 4/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Fukasaka
- Life Science Research Center, Corporate Research & Development Division, Nitto Denko Corporation, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail: (MF); (MH)
| | - Daisuke Asari
- Life Science Research Center, Corporate Research & Development Division, Nitto Denko Corporation, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiji Kiyotoh
- Life Science Research Center, Corporate Research & Development Division, Nitto Denko Corporation, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Arimichi Okazaki
- Life Science Research Center, Corporate Research & Development Division, Nitto Denko Corporation, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Gomi
- Research and Production Technology Department, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Kanonji, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tanimoto
- Research and Production Technology Department, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Kanonji, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Osamu Takeuchi
- Laboratory of Infection and Prevention, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Shogoin Kawara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shizuo Akira
- Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Hori
- Life Science Research Center, Corporate Research & Development Division, Nitto Denko Corporation, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail: (MF); (MH)
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Parker GA, Picut CA, Swanson C, Toot JD. Histologic Features of Postnatal Development of Immune System Organs in the Sprague-Dawley Rat. Toxicol Pathol 2015; 43:794-815. [PMID: 25883109 DOI: 10.1177/0192623315578720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The immune system of the rat undergoes substantial functional and morphological development during the postnatal period. Some aspects of this development are genetically predetermined, while other aspects depend on environmental influences. Detailed information on postnatal development is important in the interpretation of histopathologic findings in juvenile toxicology and pubertal assay studies, as well as other studies conducted in juvenile rats. Studies were conducted to provide detailed characterization of histologic features of the major functional compartments of immune system organs in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats at weekly intervals from the day of birth through postnatal day (PND) 42. Maturation of the individual immune system organs occurred across a range of ages, with histologic maturation of T-cell-related compartments typically occurring prior to maturation of B-cell-related compartments. The sequence of histologic maturation was bone marrow and thymus on PND 14, mesenteric lymph node on PND 21, Peyer's patches and bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue on PND 28, mandibular lymph node, nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue, and diffuse mucosal mononuclear cell population of small intestine on PND 35, and spleen on PND 42. An estimation of functional maturation can be made based on the morphological indications of maturity of each compartment of immune system organs, but histologic indications of maturity do not confirm functional immunocompetence.
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36
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Nandre RM, Lee JH. Generation of a safe Salmonella Gallinarum vaccine candidate that secretes an adjuvant protein with immunogenicity and protective efficacy against fowl typhoid. Avian Pathol 2015; 43:164-71. [PMID: 24689430 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2014.897682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We constructed a live, attenuated Salmonella Gallinarum (SG) that secretes heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit protein (LTB), and evaluated this strain as a new vaccine candidate by assessing its safety, immunogenicity and protective efficacy against fowl typhoid. An asd(+) p15A ori low-copy plasmid containing eltB encoding LTB was transformed into a ΔlonΔcpxRΔasd SG (JOL967) to construct the candidate, JOL1355. In Experiments 1 and 2, birds were orally immunized with JOL1355 at 4 weeks of age, while control birds were inoculated with sterile phosphate-buffered saline. In Experiment 2, the birds of both groups were orally challenged with a virulent SG at 8 weeks of age. In Experiment 1, examination for safety revealed that the immunized group did not show any bacterial counts of the vaccine candidate in the liver and spleen. Birds immunized with the vaccine candidate showed a significant increase in systemic IgG and mucosal secretory IgA levels in Experiment 2. In addition, the lymphocyte proliferation response and the numbers of CD3(+)CD4(+) and CD3(+)CD8(+) T cells were also significantly elevated in the immunized group, which indicated that the candidate also induced cellular immune responses. In the protection assay, efficient protection with only 16% mortality in the immunized group was observed against challenge compared with 76% mortality in the control group. These results indicate that the live, attenuated SG secreting LTB can be a safe vaccine candidate. In addition, it can induce humoral and cellular immune responses and can efficiently reduce mortality of birds exposed to fowl typhoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Nandre
- a College of Veterinary Medicine , Chonbuk National University , Jeonju , Republic of Korea
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Lei H, Peng X, Ouyang J, Zhao D, Jiao H, Shu H, Ge X. Protective immunity against influenza H5N1 virus challenge in chickens by oral administration of recombinant Lactococcus lactis expressing neuraminidase. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:85. [PMID: 25880824 PMCID: PMC4389297 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0399-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses pose a debilitating pandemic threat in poultry. Current influenza vaccines predominantly focus on hemagglutinin (HA) which anti-HA antibodies are often neutralizing, and are used routinely to assess vaccine immunogenicity. However, Neuraminidase (NA), the other major glycoprotein on the surface of the influenza virus, has historically served as the target for antiviral drug therapy and is much less studied in the context of humoral immunity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective immunity of NA based on Lactococcus lactis (L.lactis) expression system against homologous H5N1 virus challenge in a chicken model. RESULTS L.lactis/pNZ2103-NA which NA is derived from A/Vietnam/1203/2004 (H5N1) (VN/1203/04) was constructed based on L.lactis constitutive expression system in this study. Chickens vaccinated orally with 10(12) colony-forming unit (CFU) of L.lactis/pNZ2103-NA could elicit significant NA-specific serum IgG and mucosa IgA antibodies, as well as neuraminidase inhibition (NI) titer compared with chickens administered orally with saline or L.lactis/pNZ2103 control. Most importantly, the results revealed that chickens administered orally with L.lactis/pNZ2103-NA were completely protected from a lethal H5N1 virus challenge. CONCLUSIONS The data obtained in the present study indicate that recombinant L.lactis/pNZ2103-NA in the absence of adjuvant can be considered an effective mucosal vaccine against H5N1 infection in chickens via oral administration. Further, these findings support that recombinant L.lactis/pNZ2103-NA can be used to perform mass vaccination in poultry during A/H5N1 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Lei
- School of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 6111756, China. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, State University of New York, Binghamton, 13902, USA. .,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, 330031, China.
| | - Xiaojue Peng
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, 330031, China.
| | - Jiexiu Ouyang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, 330031, China.
| | - Daxian Zhao
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, 330031, China.
| | - Huifeng Jiao
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, 330031, China.
| | - Handing Shu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, 330031, China.
| | - Xinqi Ge
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, 330031, China.
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Sakuma S, Morimoto N, Nishida K, Murakami T, Egawa T, Endo R, Kataoka M, Yamashita S, Miyata K, Mohri K, Ochiai K, Hiwatari KI, Koike S, Tobita E, Uto T, Baba M. Cross-reactivity of immunoglobulin A secreted on the nasal mucosa in mice nasally inoculated with inactivated H1N1 influenza A viruses in the presence of D-octaarginine-linked polymers. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 92:56-64. [PMID: 25720816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated cross-reactivity of immunoglobulin A (IgA) secreted on the nasal mucosa in mice that were nasally inoculated 4 times with a mixture of inactivated H1N1 influenza A viruses and poly(N-vinylacetamide-co-acrylic acid) (PNVA-co-AA) bearing d-octaarginine at 7-day intervals. Three viral strains (A/Puerto Rico/8/34, A/New Caledonia/20/99 IVR116, and A/Solomon Islands/03/2006) and D-octaarginine-linked polymers with different molecular weights were used as antigens and their carriers, respectively. Secretion of intranasal IgA was barely observed when the inactivated virus alone was administered. The polymer induced the production of intranasal IgA specific to the inoculated viruses, irrespective of the viral strain and molecular weight of the polymer. The respective antibodies cross-reacted to recombinant hemagglutinin proteins of not only the viral strain used for immunization but also other H1N1 strains, including A/Puerto Rico/8/34 strain whose hemagglutinin proteins are diverse from those of other strains. Mice with high reactivity of IgA to the inoculated viruses tended to acquire clear cross-reactivity to other viral strains. Notably, IgA induced by inactivated H1N1 A/New Caledonia/20/99 IVR116 strain with the strongest immunogenicity between 3 antigens in the presence of the polymer cross-reacted to recombinant hemagglutinin proteins of the A/Brisbane/10/2007 and A/Viet Nam/1194/2004 strains, which are categorized into H3N2 and H5N1, respectively. Our polymer is a potential candidate for an efficient antigen carrier that induces mucosal IgA having cross-reactivity to antigenically drifted variants, irrespective of the subtype of viral strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Sakuma
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Naoki Morimoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan; Life Science Materials Laboratory, ADEKA Co., Arakawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nishida
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Murakami
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomomi Egawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Rikito Endo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Kataoka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinji Yamashita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kohei Miyata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan; Life Science Materials Laboratory, ADEKA Co., Arakawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohta Mohri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kyohei Ochiai
- Life Science Materials Laboratory, ADEKA Co., Arakawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Seiji Koike
- Life Science Materials Laboratory, ADEKA Co., Arakawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Etsuo Tobita
- Life Science Materials Laboratory, ADEKA Co., Arakawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Uto
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masanori Baba
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
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Jiang PL, Lin HJ, Wang HW, Tsai WY, Lin SF, Chien MY, Liang PH, Huang YY, Liu DZ. Galactosylated liposome as a dendritic cell-targeted mucosal vaccine for inducing protective anti-tumor immunity. Acta Biomater 2015; 11:356-67. [PMID: 25242652 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal surfaces contain specialized dendritic cells (DCs) that are able to recognize foreign pathogens and mount protective immunity. We previously demonstrated that intranasal administration of targeted galactosylated liposomes can elicit mucosal and systemic antibody responses. In the present study, we assessed whether galactosylated liposomes could act as an effective DC-targeted mucosal vaccine that would be capable of inducing systemic anti-tumor immunity as well as antibody responses. We show that targeted galactosylated liposomes effectively facilitated antigen uptake by DCs beyond that mediated by unmodified liposomes both in vitro and in vivo. Targeted galactosylated liposomes induced higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines than unmodified liposomes in vitro. C57BL/6 mice thrice immunized intranasally with ovalbumin (OVA)-encapsulated galactosylated liposomes produced high levels of OVA-specific IgG antibodies in their serum. Spleen cells from mice receiving galactosylated liposomes were restimulated with OVA and showed significantly augmented levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-6. In addition, intranasal administration of OVA-encapsulated beta-galactosylated liposomes resulted in complete protection against EG7 tumor challenge in C57BL/6 mice. Taken together, these results indicate that nasal administration of a galactosylated liposome vaccine mediates the development of an effective immunity against tumors and might be useful for further clinical anti-tumoral applications.
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Rafferty H, Sibeko S, Rowland-Jones S. How can we design better vaccines to prevent HIV infection in women? Front Microbiol 2014; 5:572. [PMID: 25408686 PMCID: PMC4219488 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) burden in women continues to increase, and heterosexual contact is now the most common route of infection worldwide. Effective protection of women against HIV-1 infection may require a vaccine specifically targeting mucosal immune responses in the female genital tract (FGT). To achieve this goal, a much better understanding of the immunology of the FGT is needed. Here we review the architecture of the immune system of the FGT, recent studies of potential methods to achieve the goal of mucosal protection in women, including systemic-prime, mucosal-boost, FGT-tropic vectors and immune response altering adjuvants. Advances in other fields that enhance our understanding of female genital immune correlates and the interplay between hormonal and immunological systems may also help to achieve protection of women from HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Rafferty
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford Oxford, UK
| | - Sengeziwe Sibeko
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford Oxford, UK
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41
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Tokuhara D, Nochi T, Matsumura A, Mejima M, Takahashi Y, Kurokawa S, Kiyono H, Yuki Y. Specific expression of apolipoprotein A-IV in the follicle-associated epithelium of the small intestine. Dig Dis Sci 2014; 59:2682-92. [PMID: 24838500 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-014-3203-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peyer's patches (PPs), which are covered by specialized follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) including M cells, play a central role in immune induction in the gastrointestinal tract. This study is to investigate a new molecule to characterize PPs. METHODS We generated a monoclonal antibody (mAb 10-15-3-3) that specifically reacts to the epithelium of PPs and isolated lymphoid follicles. Target antigen was analyzed by immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry. Localization and expression of target antigen were evaluated by immunofluorescence, in situ hybridization and real-time PCR. RESULTS Immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry revealed that mAb 10-15-3-3 recognized apolipoprotein A-IV (ApoA-IV), a well-known lipid transporter; this finding was confirmed by the specific reactivity of mAb 10-15-3-3 to cells transfected with the murine ApoA-IV gene. Immunofluorescence using mAb 10-15-3-3 showed intestinal localization of ApoA-IV, in which strong expression of the ApoA-IV protein occurred throughout the entire intestinal epithelium during developing period before weaning but was restricted to the FAE in adult mice. In support of these findings, in situ hybridization showed strong expression of the ApoA-IV gene throughout the entire intestinal epithelium during developing period before weaning, but this expression was restricted to the FAE predominantly and the tips of villi to a lesser extent in adult mice. Deficiency of ApoA-IV had no effect on the organogenesis of PP in mice. CONCLUSIONS Our current results reveal ApoA-IV as a novel FAE-specific marker especially in the upper small intestine of adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Tokuhara
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
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42
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The mucosal immune system for vaccine development. Vaccine 2014; 32:6711-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.08.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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43
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Tacchi L, Musharrafieh R, Larragoite ET, Crossey K, Erhardt EB, Martin SAM, LaPatra SE, Salinas I. Nasal immunity is an ancient arm of the mucosal immune system of vertebrates. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5205. [PMID: 25335508 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The mucosal surfaces of all vertebrates have been exposed to similar evolutionary pressures for millions of years. In terrestrial vertebrates such as birds and mammals, the nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) represents a first line of immune defence. Here we propose that NALT is an ancient arm of the mucosal immune system not restricted to terrestrial vertebrates. We find that NALT is present in rainbow trout and that it resembles other teleost mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues. Trout NALT consists of diffuse lymphoid cells and lacks tonsils and adenoids. The predominant B-cell subset found in trout NALT are IgT(+) B cells, similar to skin and gut. The trout olfactory organ is colonized by abundant symbiotic bacteria, which are coated by trout secretory immunoglobulin. Trout NALT is capable of mounting strong anti-viral immune responses following nasal delivery of a live attenuated viral vaccine. Our results open up a new tool for the control of aquatic infectious diseases via nasal vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Tacchi
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Rami Musharrafieh
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Erin T Larragoite
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Kyle Crossey
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Erik B Erhardt
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Samuel A M Martin
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland
| | | | - Irene Salinas
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
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Ondondo BO. The influence of delivery vectors on HIV vaccine efficacy. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:439. [PMID: 25202303 PMCID: PMC4141443 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of an effective HIV/AIDS vaccine remains a big challenge, largely due to the enormous HIV diversity which propels immune escape. Thus novel vaccine strategies are targeting multiple variants of conserved antibody and T cell epitopic regions which would incur a huge fitness cost to the virus in the event of mutational escape. Besides immunogen design, the delivery modality is critical for vaccine potency and efficacy, and should be carefully selected in order to not only maximize transgene expression, but to also enhance the immuno-stimulatory potential to activate innate and adaptive immune systems. To date, five HIV vaccine candidates have been evaluated for efficacy and protection from acquisition was only achieved in a small proportion of vaccinees in the RV144 study which used a canarypox vector for delivery. Conversely, in the STEP study (HVTN 502) where human adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) was used, strong immune responses were induced but vaccination was more associated with increased risk of HIV acquisition than protection in vaccinees with pre-existing Ad5 immunity. The possibility that pre-existing immunity to a highly promising delivery vector may alter the natural course of HIV to increase acquisition risk is quite worrisome and a huge setback for HIV vaccine development. Thus, HIV vaccine development efforts are now geared toward delivery platforms which attain superior immunogenicity while concurrently limiting potential catastrophic effects likely to arise from pre-existing immunity or vector-related immuno-modulation. However, it still remains unclear whether it is poor immunogenicity of HIV antigens or substandard immunological potency of the safer delivery vectors that has limited the success of HIV vaccines. This article discusses some of the promising delivery vectors to be harnessed for improved HIV vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice O Ondondo
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford Oxford, UK
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45
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Lei H, Peng X, Shu H, Zhao D. Intranasal immunization with live recombinantLactococcus lactiscombined with heat-labile toxin B subunit protects chickens from highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus. J Med Virol 2014; 87:39-44. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Lei
- Department of Biotechnology; College of Life Science and Food Engineering; Nanchang University; Nanchang Jiangxi China
| | - Xiaojue Peng
- Department of Biotechnology; College of Life Science and Food Engineering; Nanchang University; Nanchang Jiangxi China
| | - Handing Shu
- Department of Biotechnology; College of Life Science and Food Engineering; Nanchang University; Nanchang Jiangxi China
| | - Daxian Zhao
- Department of Biotechnology; College of Life Science and Food Engineering; Nanchang University; Nanchang Jiangxi China
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46
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Chanzu N, Ondondo B. Induction of Potent and Long-Lived Antibody and Cellular Immune Responses in the Genitorectal Mucosa Could be the Critical Determinant of HIV Vaccine Efficacy. Front Immunol 2014; 5:202. [PMID: 24847327 PMCID: PMC4021115 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of HIV prevention has indeed progressed in leaps and bounds, but with major limitations of the current prevention and treatment options, the world remains desperate for an HIV vaccine. Sadly, this continues to be elusive, because more than 30 years since its discovery there is no licensed HIV vaccine. Research aiming to define immunological biomarkers to accurately predict vaccine efficacy have focused mainly on systemic immune responses, and as such, studies defining correlates of protection in the genitorectal mucosa, the primary target site for HIV entry and seeding are sparse. Clearly, difficulties in sampling and analysis of mucosal specimens, as well as their limited size have been a major deterrent in characterizing the type (mucosal antibodies, cytokines, chemokines, or CTL), threshold (magnitude, depth, and breadth) and viral inhibitory capacity of HIV-1-specific immune responses in the genitorectal mucosa, where they are needed to immediately block HIV acquisition and arrest subsequent virus dissemination. Nevertheless, a few studies document the existence of HIV-specific immune responses in the genitorectal mucosa of HIV-infected aviremic and viremic controllers, as well as in highly exposed persistently seronegative (HEPS) individuals with natural resistance to HIV-1. Some of these responses strongly correlate with protection from HIV acquisition and/or disease progression, thus providing significant clues of the ideal components of an efficacious HIV vaccine. In this study, we provide an overview of the key features of protective immune responses found in HEPS, elite and viremic controllers, and discuss how these can be achieved through mucosal immunization. Inevitably, HIV vaccine development research will have to consider strategies that elicit potent antibody and cellular immune responses within the genitorectal mucosa or induction of systemic immune cells with an inherent potential to home and persist at mucosal sites of HIV entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Chanzu
- Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi , Nairobi , Kenya
| | - Beatrice Ondondo
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
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Georgousakis MM, McMillan DJ, Batzloff MR, Sriprakash KS. Moving forward: a mucosal vaccine against group A streptococcus. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 8:747-60. [DOI: 10.1586/erv.09.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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48
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Azevedo MP, Vlasova AN, Saif LJ. Human rotavirus virus-like particle vaccines evaluated in a neonatal gnotobiotic pig model of human rotavirus disease. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 12:169-81. [DOI: 10.1586/erv.13.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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49
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Patel GB, Chen W. Archaeal lipid mucosal vaccine adjuvant and delivery system. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 9:431-40. [DOI: 10.1586/erv.10.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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50
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Oral Immunization of Mice with Lily Pollen Expressing HBsAg. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2013; 77:2492-4. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.130531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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