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Atanasova-Panchevska N, Stojchevski R, Hadzi-Petrushev N, Mitrokhin V, Avtanski D, Mladenov M. Antibacterial and Antiviral Properties of Tetrahydrocurcumin-Based Formulations: An Overview of Their Metabolism in Different Microbiotic Compartments. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1708. [PMID: 36362863 PMCID: PMC9696410 DOI: 10.3390/life12111708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, the basic metabolic characteristics of the curcuminoid tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) at the level of the intestinal microbiota were addressed. Special attention was given to the bactericidal effects of one of the THC-phospholipid formulations, which has shown greater bioavailability and activity than pure THC. Similarly, quinoline derivatives and amino acid conjugates of THC have also shown antibacterial effects in the gut. The microbial effect of pure THC is particularly pronounced in pathophysiological conditions related to the function of the intestinal microbiota, such as type II diabetes. Furthermore, the antiviral characteristics of Cur compared to those of THC are more pronounced in preventing the influenza virus. In the case of HIV infections, the new microemulsion gel formulations of THC possess high retention during preventive application in the vagina and, at the same time, do not disturb the vaginal microbiota, which is critical in maintaining low vaginal pH. Based on the reviewed literature, finding new formulations of THC which can increase its bioavailability and activity and emphasize its antibacterial and antiviral characteristics could be very important. Applying such THC formulations in preventing and treating ailments related to the microbiotic compartments in the body would be beneficial from a medical point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalija Atanasova-Panchevska
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Institute of Biology, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, P.O. Box 162, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Radoslav Stojchevski
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Institute of Biology, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, P.O. Box 162, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
- Friedman Diabetes Institute, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, 110 E 59th Street, New York, NY 10022, USA
| | - Nikola Hadzi-Petrushev
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Institute of Biology, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, P.O. Box 162, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Vadim Mitrokhin
- Department of Physiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova Street, 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dimiter Avtanski
- Friedman Diabetes Institute, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, 110 E 59th Street, New York, NY 10022, USA
| | - Mitko Mladenov
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Institute of Biology, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, P.O. Box 162, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
- Department of Physiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova Street, 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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Al-Khayri JM, Asghar W, Khan S, Akhtar A, Ayub H, Khalid N, Alessa FM, Al-Mssallem MQ, Rezk AAS, Shehata WF. Therapeutic Potential of Marine Bioactive Peptides against Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Recent Evidence, Challenges, and Future Trends. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080477. [PMID: 35892945 PMCID: PMC9394390 DOI: 10.3390/md20080477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic and potentially fatal ailment caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and remains a major health problem worldwide. In recent years, the research focus has shifted to a greater emphasis on complementing treatment regimens involving conventional antiretroviral (ARV) drug therapies with novel lead structures isolated from various marine organisms that have the potential to be utilized as therapeutics for the management of HIV-AIDS. The present review summarizes the recent developments regarding bioactive peptides sourced from various marine organisms. This includes a discussion encompassing the potential of these novel marine bioactive peptides with regard to antiretroviral activities against HIV, preparation, purification, and processing techniques, in addition to insight into the future trends with an emphasis on the potential of exploration and evaluation of novel peptides to be developed into effective antiretroviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameel Mohammed Al-Khayri
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.-S.R.); (W.F.S.)
- Correspondence: (J.M.A.-K.); (N.K.)
| | - Waqas Asghar
- School of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore 54770, Pakistan; (W.A.); (S.K.); (A.A.); (H.A.)
| | - Sipper Khan
- School of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore 54770, Pakistan; (W.A.); (S.K.); (A.A.); (H.A.)
| | - Aqsa Akhtar
- School of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore 54770, Pakistan; (W.A.); (S.K.); (A.A.); (H.A.)
| | - Haris Ayub
- School of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore 54770, Pakistan; (W.A.); (S.K.); (A.A.); (H.A.)
| | - Nauman Khalid
- School of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore 54770, Pakistan; (W.A.); (S.K.); (A.A.); (H.A.)
- Correspondence: (J.M.A.-K.); (N.K.)
| | - Fatima Mohammed Alessa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (F.M.A.); (M.Q.A.-M.)
| | - Muneera Qassim Al-Mssallem
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (F.M.A.); (M.Q.A.-M.)
| | - Adel Abdel-Sabour Rezk
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.-S.R.); (W.F.S.)
| | - Wael Fathi Shehata
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.-S.R.); (W.F.S.)
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Silva ÁMDCE, Reis MNDG, Marinho TA, de Freitas NR, Teles SA, de Matos MAD, Carneiro MADS, Bello G, Stefani MMA, Martins RMB. Epidemiological and Molecular Characteristics of HIV-1 Infection in a Sample of Men Who Have Sex With Men in Brazil: Phylogeography of Major Subtype B and F1 Transmission Clusters. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:589937. [PMID: 33329467 PMCID: PMC7732656 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.589937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) prevalence, associated factors, viral genetic diversity, transmitted drug resistance (TDR), and acquired drug resistance mutations (DRM) among a population of 522 men who have sex with men (MSM) recruited by the respondent-driven sampling (RDS) method, in Goiânia city, the capital of the State of Goiás, Central-Western Brazil. All serum samples were tested using a four-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and reactive samples were confirmed by immunoblotting. Plasma RNA or proviral DNA was extracted, and partial polymerase (pol) gene including the protease/reverse transcriptase (PR/RT) region was amplified and sequenced. HIV-1 subtypes were identified by phylogenetic inference and by bootscan analysis. The time and location of the ancestral strains that originated the transmission clusters were estimated by a Bayesian phylogeographic approach. TDR and DRM were identified using the Stanford databases. Overall, HIV-1 prevalence was 17.6% (95% CI: 12.6–23.5). Self-declared black skin color, receptive anal intercourse, sex with drug user partner, and history of sexually transmitted infections were factors associated with HIV-1 infection. Of 105 HIV-1-positive samples, 78 (74.3%) were sequenced and subtyped as B (65.4%), F1 (20.5%), C (3.8%), and BF1 (10.3%). Most HIV-1 subtype B sequences (67%; 34 out of 51) branched within 12 monophyletic clusters of variable sizes, which probably arose in the State of Goiás between the 1980s and 2010s. Most subtype F1 sequences (n = 14, 88%) branched in a single monophyletic cluster that probably arose in Goiás around the late 1990s. Among 78 samples sequenced, three were from patients under antiretroviral therapy (ART); two presented DRM. Among 75 ART-naïve patients, TDR was identified in 13 (17.3%; CI 95%: 9.6–27.8). Resistance mutations to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) predominated (14.7%), followed by nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) mutations (5.3%) and protease inhibitor (PI) mutations (1.3%). This study shows a high prevalence of HIV-1 associated with sexual risk behaviors, high rate of TDR, and high genetic diversity driven by the local expansion of different subtype B and F1 strains. These findings can contribute to the understanding about the dissemination and epidemiological and molecular characteristics of HIV-1 among the population of MSM living away from the epicenter of epidemics in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thaís Augusto Marinho
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Gonzalo Bello
- AIDS and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Cavarelli M, Le Grand R. The importance of semen leukocytes in HIV-1 transmission and the development of prevention strategies. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 16:2018-2032. [PMID: 32614649 PMCID: PMC7553688 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1765622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 sexual transmission occurs mostly through contaminated semen, which is a complex mixture of soluble factors with immunoregulatory functions and cells. It is well established that semen cells from HIV-1-infected men are able to produce the virus and that are harnessed to efficiently interact with mucosal barriers exposed during sexual intercourse. Several cofactors contribute to semen infectivity and may enhance the risk of HIV-1 transmission to a partner by increasing local HIV-1 replication in the male genital tract, thereby increasing the number of HIV-1-infected cells and the local HIV-1 shedding in semen. The introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy has improved the life expectancy of HIV-1 infected individuals; however, there is evidence that systemic viral suppression does not always reflect full viral suppression in the seminal compartment. This review focus on the role semen leukocytes play in HIV-1 transmission and discusses implications of the increased resistance of cell-mediated transmission to immune-based prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Cavarelli
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT) , Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Roger Le Grand
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT) , Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Suphaphiphat K, Tolazzi M, Hua S, Desjardins D, Lorin V, Dereuddre-Bosquet N, Mouquet H, Scarlatti G, Grand RL, Cavarelli M. Broadly neutralizing antibodies potently inhibit cell-to-cell transmission of semen leukocyte-derived SHIV162P3. EBioMedicine 2020; 57:102842. [PMID: 32619962 PMCID: PMC7334370 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV-1 sexual transmission occurs mostly through infected semen, which contains both free virions and infected leukocytes. Transmission initiated by infected cells has been shown by several in vitro and in vivo studies and a reduced capacity of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) to inhibit cell-to-cell transmission has also been reported. However, due to limitations of available experimental models, there is yet no clarity to which extend bNAbs can prevent transmission mediated by semen leukocytes. METHODS We developed a novel in vitro assay to measure cell-cell transmission that makes use of splenocytes or CD45+ semen leukocytes collected from acutely SHIV162P3-infected cynomolgus macaques. A panel of 11 bNAbs was used either alone or in combination to assess their inhibitory potential against both cell-free and cell-cell infection. FINDINGS Splenocytes and semen leucocytes displayed a similar proportion of CD4+T-cell subsets. Either cell type transferred infection in vitro to target TZM-bl cells and PBMCs. Moreover, infection of macaques was achieved following intravaginal challenge with splenocytes. The anti-N-glycans/V3 loop bNAb 10-1074 was highly efficient against cell-associated transmission mediated by infected spleen cells and its potency was maintained when transmission was mediated by CD45+ semen leukocytes. INTERPRETATION These results support the use of bNAbs in preventative or therapeutic studies aiming to block transmission events mediated not only by free viral particles but also by infected cells. Our experimental system could be used to predict in vivo efficacy of bNAbs. FUNDING This work was funded by the ANRS and the European Commission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karunasinee Suphaphiphat
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases ≫ (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Monica Tolazzi
- Viral Evolution and Transmission Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Stéphane Hua
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases ≫ (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Delphine Desjardins
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases ≫ (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Valerie Lorin
- Laboratory of Humoral Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1222, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Dereuddre-Bosquet
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases ≫ (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Hugo Mouquet
- Laboratory of Humoral Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1222, Paris, France
| | - Gabriella Scarlatti
- Viral Evolution and Transmission Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Roger Le Grand
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases ≫ (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Mariangela Cavarelli
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases ≫ (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
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6
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Tetrahydrocurcumin-loaded vaginal nanomicrobicide for prophylaxis of HIV/AIDS: in silico study, formulation development, and in vitro evaluation. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2020; 9:828-847. [PMID: 30900133 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-019-00633-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A vaginal microbicide is a front-line women-dependent approach and an alternative to a condom for prevention of unprotected sexual intercourse-associated HIV. The microbicide research is still in its infancy with several products in the clinical studies being reported to have good efficacy, safe, but with poor adherence. One such molecule reported with an excellent efficacy when tested preclinically is curcumin, a natural polyphenol derived from Curcuma longa. Despite its potential HIV-1 inhibitory activity, it has intense yellow color staining properties, which would result in poor consumer compliance and adherence for vaginal application. To address this issue, tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), a colorless derivative of curcumin, was subjected to in silico screening (molecular docking and dynamics simulation studies) using homology model of gp120-CD4 binding. It was found that THC exhibited equivalent gp120-CD4 binding inhibitory activity as compared with curcumin due to its stable hydrophobic interactions with residues Asp368 and Trp427 deeper in the Phe43 cavity of CD4 receptor. Hence, it can be effectively used as a potential microbicide candidate. THC, a BCS Class II molecule exhibits poor solubility, spreadability, and intracellular uptake when used in the conventional form. Thus, it was decided to develop a lipid-based nanomicrobicide gel for delivery of THC. The developed THC-loaded o/w microemulsion gel was characterized for physicochemical properties (globule size, drug content, drug release, and permeation) and further used for in vitro cell line studies (cell viability, cellular uptake, and anti-HIV activity). The developed formulation was found to be stable with coitus-independent release profile and exhibited a rapid time-independent intracellular uptake. In addition, it exhibited a fourfold increase in efficacy as compared with conventional THC. Thus, the novel THC-loaded o/w microemulsion gel exhibited the potential for prevention of HIV-1 infection associated with unprotected sexual intercourse.
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Mirani A, Kundaikar H, Velhal S, Patel V, Bandivdekar A, Degani M, Patravale V. Evaluation of Phytopolyphenols for their gp120-CD4 Binding Inhibitory Properties by In Silico Molecular Modelling & In Vitro Cell Line Studies. Curr HIV Res 2019; 17:102-113. [DOI: 10.2174/1570162x17666190611121627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background:Lack of effective early-stage HIV-1 inhibitor instigated the need for screening of novel gp120-CD4 binding inhibitor. Polyphenols, a secondary metabolite derived from natural sources are reported to have broad spectrum HIV-1 inhibitory activity. However, the gp120-CD4 binding inhibitory activity of polyphenols has not been analysed in silico yet.Objectives:To establish the usage of phytopolyphenols (Theaflavin, Epigallocatechin (EGCG), Ellagic acid and Gallic acid) as early stage HIV-1 inhibitor by investigating their binding mode in reported homology of gp120-CD4 receptor complex using in silico screening studies and in vitro cell line studies.Methods:The in silico molecular docking and molecular simulation studies were performed using Schrödinger 2013-2 suite installed on Fujitsu Celsius Workstation. The in vitro cell line studies were performed in the TZM-bl cell line using MTT assay and β-galactosidase assay.Results:The results of molecular docking indicated that Theaflavin and EGCG exhibited high XP dock score with binding pose exhibiting Van der Waals interaction and hydrophobic interaction at the deeper site in the Phe43 cavity with Asp368 and Trp427. Both Theaflavin and EGCG form a stable complex with the prepared HIV-1 receptor and their binding mode interaction is within the vicinity 4 Å. Further, in vitro cell line studies also confirmed that Theaflavin (SI = 252) and EGCG (SI = 138) exert better HIV-1 inhibitory activity as compared to Ellagic acid (SI = 30) and Gallic acid (SI = 34).Conclusions:The results elucidate a possible binding mode of phytopolyphenols, which pinpoints their plausible mechanism and directs their usage as early stage HIV-1 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Mirani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai-400019, India
| | - Harish Kundaikar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai-400019, India
| | - Shilpa Velhal
- Department of Biochemistry & Virology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR), Mumbai- 400012, India
| | - Vainav Patel
- Department of Biochemistry & Virology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR), Mumbai- 400012, India
| | - Atmaram Bandivdekar
- Department of Biochemistry & Virology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR), Mumbai- 400012, India
| | - Mariam Degani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai-400019, India
| | - Vandana Patravale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai-400019, India
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Wu TJ, Chiu HY, Yu J, Cautela MP, Sarmento B, das Neves J, Catala C, Pazos-Perez N, Guerrini L, Alvarez-Puebla RA, Vranješ-Đurić S, Ignjatović NL. Nanotechnologies for early diagnosis, in situ disease monitoring, and prevention. NANOTECHNOLOGIES IN PREVENTIVE AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE 2018. [PMCID: PMC7156018 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-48063-5.00001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is an enabling technology with great potential for applications in stem cell research and regenerative medicine. Fluorescent nanodiamond (FND), an inherently biocompatible and nontoxic nanoparticle, is well suited for such applications. We had developed a prospective isolation method using CD157, CD45, and CD54 to obtain lung stem cells. Labeling of CD45−CD54+CD157+ cells with FNDs did not eliminate their abilities for self-renewal and differentiation. The FND labeling in combination with cell sorting, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, and immunostaining identified transplanted stem cells allowed tracking of their engraftment and regenerative capabilities with single-cell resolution. Time-gated fluorescence (TGF) imaging in mouse tissue sections indicated that they reside preferentially at the bronchoalveolar junctions of lungs, especially in naphthalene-injured mice. Our results presented in Subchapter 1.1 demonstrate not only the remarkable homing capacity and regenerative potential of the isolated stem cells, but also the ability of finding rare lung stem cells in vivo using FNDs. The topical use of antiretroviral-based microbicides, namely of a dapivirine ring, has been recently shown to partially prevent transmission of HIV through the vaginal route. Among different formulation approaches, nanotechnology tools and principles have been used for the development of tentative vaginal and rectal microbicide products. Subchapter 1.2 provides an overview of antiretroviral drug nanocarriers as novel microbicide candidates and discusses recent and relevant research on the topic. Furthermore, advances in developing vaginal delivery platforms for the administration of promising antiretroviral drug nanocarriers are reviewed. Although mostly dedicated to the discussion of nanosystems for vaginal use, the development of rectal nanomicrobicides is also addressed. Infectious diseases are currently responsible for over 8 million deaths per year. Efficient treatments require accurate recognition of pathogens at low concentrations, which in the case of blood infection (septicemia) can go as low as 1 mL–1. Detecting and quantifying bacteria at such low concentrations is challenging and typically demands cultures of large samples of blood (∼1 mL) extending over 24–72 h. This delay seriously compromises the health of patients and is largely responsible for the death toll of bacterial infections. Recent advances in nanoscience, spectroscopy, plasmonics, and microfluidics allow for the development of optical devices capable of monitoring minute amounts of analytes in liquid samples. In Subchapter 1.3 we critically discuss these recent developments that will, in the future, enable the multiplex identification and quantification of microorganisms directly on their biological matrix with unprecedented speed, low cost, and sensitivity. Radiolabeled nanoparticles (NPs) are finding an increasing interest in a broad range of biomedical applications. They may be used to detect and characterize diseases, to deliver relevant therapeutics, and to study the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters of nanomaterials. The use of radiotracer techniques in the research of novel NPs offers many advantages, but there are still some limitations. The binding of radionuclides to NPs has to be irreversible to prevent their escape to other tissues or organs. Due to the short half-lives of radionuclides, the manufacturing process is time limited and difficult, and there is also a risk of contamination. Subchapter 1.4 presents the main selection criteria for radionuclides and applicable radiolabeling procedures used for the radiolabeling of various NPs. Also, an overview of different types of NPs that have so far been labeled with radionuclides is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Jung Wu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kuei Shang, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Yu Chiu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kuei Shang, Taiwan,China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - John Yu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kuei Shang, Taiwan,Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Taipei, Taiwan
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9
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Kariuki SM, Selhorst P, Ariën KK, Dorfman JR. The HIV-1 transmission bottleneck. Retrovirology 2017; 14:22. [PMID: 28335782 PMCID: PMC5364581 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-017-0343-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that most new systemic infections of HIV-1 can be traced back to one or a limited number of founder viruses. Usually, these founders are more closely related to minor HIV-1 populations in the blood of the presumed donor than to more abundant lineages. This has led to the widely accepted idea that transmission selects for viral characteristics that facilitate crossing the mucosal barrier of the recipient’s genital tract, although the specific selective forces or advantages are not completely defined. However, there are other steps along the way to becoming a founder virus at which selection may occur. These steps include the transition from the donor’s general circulation to the genital tract compartment, survival within the transmission fluid, and establishment of a nascent stable local infection in the recipient’s genital tract. Finally, there is the possibility that important narrowing events may also occur during establishment of systemic infection. This is suggested by the surprising observation that the number of founder viruses detected after transmission in intravenous drug users is also limited. Although some of these steps may be heavily selective, others may result mostly in a stochastic narrowing of the available founder pool. Collectively, they shape the initial infection in each recipient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Mundia Kariuki
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Falmouth 3.25, University of Cape Town, Anzio Rd, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.,International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Philippe Selhorst
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kevin K Ariën
- Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jeffrey R Dorfman
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Falmouth 3.25, University of Cape Town, Anzio Rd, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.
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10
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Musumeci G, Bon I, Lembo D, Cagno V, Re MC, Signoretto C, Diani E, Lopalco L, Pastori C, Martin L, Ponchel G, Gibellini D, Bouchemal K. M48U1 and Tenofovir combination synergistically inhibits HIV infection in activated PBMCs and human cervicovaginal histocultures. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41018. [PMID: 28145455 PMCID: PMC5286506 DOI: 10.1038/srep41018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbicides are considered a promising strategy for preventing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) transmission and disease. In this report, we first analyzed the antiviral activity of the miniCD4 M48U1 peptide formulated in hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) hydrogel in activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) infected with R5- and X4–tropic HIV-1 strains. The results demonstrate that M48U1 prevented infection by several HIV-1 strains including laboratory strains, and HIV-1 subtype B and C strains isolated from the activated PBMCs of patients. M48U1 also inhibited infection by two HIV-1 transmitted/founder infectious molecular clones (pREJO.c/2864 and pTHRO.c/2626). In addition, M48U1 was administered in association with tenofovir, and these two antiretroviral drugs synergistically inhibited HIV-1 infection. In the next series of experiments, we tested M48U1 alone or in combination with tenofovir in HEC hydrogel with an organ-like structure mimicking human cervicovaginal tissue. We demonstrated a strong antiviral effect in absence of significant tissue toxicity. Together, these results indicate that co-treatment with M48U1 plus tenofovir is an effective antiviral strategy that may be used as a new topical microbicide to prevent HIV-1 transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Musumeci
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostics and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Microbiology Section, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Isabella Bon
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostics and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Microbiology Section, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - David Lembo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Valeria Cagno
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Maria Carla Re
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostics and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Microbiology Section, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Caterina Signoretto
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Microbiology and Virology Unit, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Erica Diani
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Microbiology and Virology Unit, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Lucia Lopalco
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Pastori
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Loïc Martin
- CEA, iBiTecS, Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), Gif sur Yvette, F-91191, France
| | - Gilles Ponchel
- Institut Galien Paris Sud, CNRS UMR 8612, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, 5 rue J-B. Clément, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France
| | - Davide Gibellini
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Microbiology and Virology Unit, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Kawthar Bouchemal
- Institut Galien Paris Sud, CNRS UMR 8612, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, 5 rue J-B. Clément, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France
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11
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CD4-mimetic sulfopeptide conjugates display sub-nanomolar anti-HIV-1 activity and protect macaques against a SHIV162P3 vaginal challenge. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34829. [PMID: 27721488 PMCID: PMC5056392 DOI: 10.1038/srep34829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The CD4 and the cryptic coreceptor binding sites of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein are key to viral attachment and entry. We developed new molecules comprising a CD4 mimetic peptide linked to anionic compounds (mCD4.1-HS12 and mCD4.1-PS1), that block the CD4-gp120 interaction and simultaneously induce the exposure of the cryptic coreceptor binding site, rendering it accessible to HS12- or PS1- mediated inhibition. Using a cynomolgus macaque model of vaginal challenge with SHIV162P3, we report that mCD4.1-PS1, formulated into a hydroxyethyl-cellulose gel provides 83% protection (5/6 animals). We next engineered the mCD4 moiety of the compound, giving rise to mCD4.2 and mCD4.3 that, when conjugated to PS1, inhibited cell-free and cell-associated HIV-1 with particularly low IC50, in the nM to pM range, including some viral strains that were resistant to the parent molecule mCD4.1. These chemically defined molecules, which target major sites of vulnerability of gp120, are stable for at least 48 hours in conditions replicating the vaginal milieu (37 °C, pH 4.5). They efficiently mimic several large gp120 ligands, including CD4, coreceptor or neutralizing antibodies, to which their efficacy compares very favorably, despite a molecular mass reduced to 5500 Da. Together, these results support the development of such molecules as potential microbicides.
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12
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das Neves J, Nunes R, Rodrigues F, Sarmento B. Nanomedicine in the development of anti-HIV microbicides. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 103:57-75. [PMID: 26829288 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Prevention plays an invaluable role in the fight against HIV/AIDS. The use of microbicides is considered an interesting potential approach for topical pre-exposure prophylaxis of HIV sexual transmission. The prospects of having an effective product available are expected to be fulfilled in the near future as driven by recent and forthcoming results of clinical trials. Different dosage forms and delivery strategies have been proposed and tested for multiple microbicide drug candidates presently at different stages of the development pipeline. One particularly interesting approach comprises the application of nanomedicine principles to the development of novel anti-HIV microbicides, but its implications to efficacy and safety are not yet fully understood. Nanotechnology-based systems, either presenting inherent anti-HIV activity or acting as drug nanocarriers, may significantly influence features such as drug solubility, stability of active payloads, drug release, interactions between active moieties and virus/cells, intracellular drug delivery, drug targeting, safety, antiviral activity, mucoadhesive behavior, drug distribution and tissue penetration, and pharmacokinetics. The present manuscript provides a comprehensive and holistic overview of these topics as relevant to the development of vaginal and rectal microbicides. In particular, recent advances pertaining inherently active microbicide nanosystems and microbicide drug nanocarriers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José das Neves
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde & Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Gandra, Portugal.
| | - Rute Nunes
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisca Rodrigues
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde & Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Gandra, Portugal.
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13
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Sergeyev S, Yadav AK, Franck P, Michiels J, Lewi P, Heeres J, Vanham G, Ariën KK, Vande Velde CML, De Winter H, Maes BUW. 2,6-Di(arylamino)-3-fluoropyridine Derivatives as HIV Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2016; 59:1854-68. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Sergeyev
- Organic
Synthesis Division, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ashok Kumar Yadav
- Organic
Synthesis Division, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Philippe Franck
- Organic
Synthesis Division, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Johan Michiels
- Virology
Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Paul Lewi
- Shakturana CV, Pater van Mierlostraat
18, 2300 Turnhout, Belgium
| | - Jan Heeres
- Heeres Consulting CV, Leemskuilen
18, 2350 Vosselaar, Belgium
| | - Guido Vanham
- Virology
Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Kevin K. Ariën
- Virology
Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Hans De Winter
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Bert U. W. Maes
- Organic
Synthesis Division, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
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14
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Ariën KK, Venkatraj M, Michiels J, Joossens J, Vereecken K, Van der Veken P, Heeres J, De Winter H, Heyndrickx L, Augustyns K, Vanham G. Resistance and cross-resistance profile of the diaryltriazine NNRTI and candidate microbicide UAMC01398. J Antimicrob Chemother 2016; 71:1159-68. [PMID: 26850721 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkv501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The resistance development, cross-resistance to other NNRTIs and the impact of resistance on viral replicative fitness were studied for the new and potent NNRTI UAMC01398. METHODS Resistance was selected by dose escalation and by single high-dose selection against a comprehensive panel of NNRTIs used as therapeutics and NNRTIs under investigation for pre-exposure prophylaxis of sexual HIV transmission. A panel of 27 site-directed mutants with single mutations or combinations of mutations involved in reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor-mediated resistance was developed and used to confirm resistance to UAMC01398. Cross-resistance to other NNRTIs was assessed, as well as susceptibility of UAMC01398-resistant HIV to diarylpyrimidine-resistant viruses. Finally, the impact of UAMC01398 resistance on HIV replicative fitness was studied. RESULTS We showed that UAMC01398 has potent activity against dapivirine-resistant HIV, that at least four mutations in the RT are required in concert for resistance and that the resistance profile is similar to rilpivirine, both genotypically and phenotypically. Resistance development to UAMC01398 is associated with a severe fitness cost. CONCLUSIONS These data, together with the enhanced safety profile and good solubility in aqueous gels, make UAMC01398 an excellent candidate for HIV topical prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin K Ariën
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Muthusamy Venkatraj
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Johan Michiels
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jurgen Joossens
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Katleen Vereecken
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pieter Van der Veken
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jan Heeres
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hans De Winter
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Leo Heyndrickx
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Koen Augustyns
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Guido Vanham
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium
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15
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das Neves J, Sarmento B. Precise engineering of dapivirine-loaded nanoparticles for the development of anti-HIV vaginal microbicides. Acta Biomater 2015; 18:77-87. [PMID: 25700657 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) have the potential to provide effective and safe delivery of antiretroviral drugs in the context of prophylactic anti-HIV vaginal microbicides. Dapivirine-loaded poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) NPs were produced by an emulsion-solvent evaporation method, optimized for colloidal properties using a 3-factor, 3-level Box-Behnken experimental design, and characterized for drug loading, production yield, morphology, thermal behavior, drug release, in vitro cellular uptake, cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory potential. Also, drug permeability/membrane retention in well-established HEC-1-A and CaSki cell monolayer models as mediated by NPs was assessed in the absence or presence of mucin. Box-Behnken design allowed optimizing monodisperse 170nm drug-loaded NPs. Drug release experiments showed an initial burst effect up to 4h, followed by sustained 24h release at pH 4.2 and 7.4. NPs were readily taken up by different genital and macrophage cell lines as assessed by fluorescence microscopy. Drug-loaded NPs presented lower or at least similar cytotoxicity as compared to the free drug, with up to around one-log increase in half-maximal cytotoxic concentration values. In all cases, no relevant changes in cell pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine production were observed. Dapivirine transport across cell monolayers was significantly decreased when mucin was present at the donor side with either NPs or the free drug, thus evidencing the influence of this natural glycoprotein in membrane permeability. Moreover, drug retention in cell monolayers was significantly higher for NPs in comparison with the free drug. Overall, obtained dapivirine-loaded PLGA NPs possess interesting technological and biological features that may contribute to their use as novel safe and effective vaginal microbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- José das Neves
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Gandra PRD, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Gandra PRD, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
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16
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Pasetto S, Pardi V, Murata RM. Anti-HIV-1 activity of flavonoid myricetin on HIV-1 infection in a dual-chamber in vitro model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115323. [PMID: 25546350 PMCID: PMC4278898 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV infection by sexual transmission remains an enormous global health concern. More than 1 million new infections among women occur annually. Microbicides represent a promising prevention strategy that women can easily control. Among emerging therapies, natural small molecules such as flavonoids are an important source of new active substances. In this study we report the in vitro cytotoxicity and anti-HIV-1 and microbicide activity of the following flavonoids: Myricetin, Quercetin and Pinocembrin. Cytotoxicity tests were conducted on TZM-bl, HeLa, PBMC, and H9 cell cultures using 0.01-100 µM concentrations. Myricetin presented the lowest toxic effect, with Quercetin and Pinocembrin relatively more toxic. The anti-HIV-1 activity was tested with TZM-bl cell plus HIV-1 BaL (R5 tropic), H9 and PBMC cells plus HIV-1 MN (X4 tropic), and the dual tropic (X4R5) HIV-1 89.6. All flavonoids showed anti-HIV activity, although Myricetin was more effective than Quercetin or Pinocembrin. In TZM-bl cells, Myricetin inhibited ≥90% of HIV-1 BaL infection. The results were confirmed by quantification of HIV-1 p24 antigen in supernatant from H9 and PBMC cells following flavonoid treatment. In H9 and PBMC cells infected by HIV-1 MN and HIV-1 89.6, Myricetin showed more than 80% anti-HIV activity. Quercetin and Pinocembrin presented modest anti-HIV activity in all experiments. Myricetin activity was tested against HIV-RT and inhibited the enzyme by 49%. Microbicide activities were evaluated using a dual-chamber female genital tract model. In the in vitro microbicide activity model, Myricetin showed promising results against different strains of HIV-1 while also showing insignificant cytotoxic effects. Further studies of Myricetin should be performed to identify its molecular targets in order to provide a solid biological foundation for translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Pasetto
- University of Southern California, Ostrow School of Dentistry, Division of Periodontology Diagnostic Sciences, Dental Hygiene & Biomedical Science, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Vanessa Pardi
- University of Southern California, Ostrow School of Dentistry, Division of Periodontology Diagnostic Sciences, Dental Hygiene & Biomedical Science, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Ramiro Mendonça Murata
- University of Southern California, Ostrow School of Dentistry, Division of Periodontology Diagnostic Sciences, Dental Hygiene & Biomedical Science, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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17
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Mucoadhesive polymers in the design of nano-drug delivery systems for administration by non-parenteral routes: A review. Prog Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Nunes R, Sarmento B, das Neves J. Formulation and delivery of anti-HIV rectal microbicides: advances and challenges. J Control Release 2014; 194:278-94. [PMID: 25229988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Men and women engaged in unprotected receptive anal intercourse (RAI) are at higher risk of acquiring HIV from infected partners. The implementation of preventive strategies is urgent and rectal microbicides may be a useful tool in reducing the sexual transmission of HIV. However, pre-clinical and first clinical trials have been able to identify limitations of candidate products, mostly related with safety issues, which can in turn enhance viral infection. Indeed, the development of suitable formulations for the rectal delivery of promising antiretroviral drugs is not an easy task, and has been mostly based on products specifically intended for vaginal delivery, but these have been shown to provide sub-optimal outcomes when administered rectally. Research and development in the rectal microbicide field are now charting their own path and important information is now available. In particular, specific formulation requirements of rectal microbicide products that need to be met have just recently been acknowledged despite additional work being still required. Desirable rectal microbicide product features regarding characteristics such as pH, osmolality, excipients, dosage forms, volume to be administered and the need for applicator use have been studied and defined in recent years, and specific guidance is now possible. This review provides a synopsis of the field of rectal microbicides, namely past and ongoing clinical studies, and details on formulation and drug delivery issues regarding the specific development of rectal microbicide products. Also, future work, as required for the advancement of the field, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rute Nunes
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Gandra PRD, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Gandra PRD, Portugal
| | - José das Neves
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Gandra PRD, Portugal.
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19
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Tang Y, George A, Nouvet F, Sweet S, Emeagwali N, Taylor HE, Simmons G, Hildreth JEK. Infection of female primary lower genital tract epithelial cells after natural pseudotyping of HIV-1: possible implications for sexual transmission of HIV-1. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101367. [PMID: 25010677 PMCID: PMC4092063 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The global AIDS pandemic continues to expand and in some regions of the world, such as southern Africa, the prevalence of HIV-1 infection exceeds 20%. The devastating spread of the virus in young women in these countries appears disproportional to overall risk of infection. Regions with high prevalence of HIV-1 are often also highly endemic for other pathogenic viruses including HSV, CMV and HTLV. We propose that acquisition by HIV-1 of the envelope glycoproteins of other viruses, in a process we call “natural pseudotyping,” expands the cellular tropism of HIV-1, enabling it to infect female genital epithelial cells directly and thereby dramatically increasing risk of infection during sexual intercourse. In this proof-of-concept study, we demonstrate that when HIV-1 co-infects T cells along with the gammaretrovirus xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV), progeny HIV-1 particles are produced capable of infecting primary vaginal, ectocervical and endocervical epithelial cells. These cell types are normally resistant to HIV-1 infection. Infection of primary genital cells was neutralized by antisera against the XMRV glycoprotein, confirming that infection was mediated by the XMRV glycoprotein acquired through pseudotyping of HIV. Inhibition by AZT showed that active replication of HIV-1 occurred in these cells and ruled out non-specific endocytic uptake of the virus. These results demonstrate that natural pseudotyping can expand the tropism of HIV-1 to include genital epithelial cells and have potential implications for sexual transmission of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Tang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Alvin George
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Franklin Nouvet
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Sweet
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Nkiruka Emeagwali
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Harry E. Taylor
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Glenn Simmons
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - James E. K. Hildreth
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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20
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Shen R, Richter HE, Smith PD. Interactions between HIV-1 and mucosal cells in the female reproductive tract. Am J Reprod Immunol 2014; 71:608-17. [PMID: 24689653 PMCID: PMC4073589 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, the heterosexual route is the prevalent mode of HIV-1 transmission, and the female reproductive tract accounts for approximately 40% of all HIV-1 transmissions. HIV-1 infection in the female reproductive tract involves three major events: entry through the mucosal epithelium, productive infection in subepithelial mononuclear cells, and delivery to lymph nodes to initiate systemic infection. Here, we provide a focused review of the interaction between HIV-1 and mucosal epithelial cells, lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells in female genital mucosa. Increased understanding of these interactions could illuminate new approaches for interdicting HIV-1 heterosexual transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhong Shen
- Department of Medicine (Gastroenterology), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Holly E. Richter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Phillip D. Smith
- Department of Medicine (Gastroenterology), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
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21
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Huang C, Soenen SJ, van Gulck E, Rejman J, Vanham G, Lucas B, Geers B, Braeckmans K, Shahin V, Spanoghe P, Demeester J, De Smedt SC. Electrospun polystyrene fibers for HIV entrapment. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaobo Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing Forestry University (NFU); Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Stefaan J. Soenen
- Lab of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Ghent University; Harelbekestraat 72 B9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Ellen van Gulck
- Virology Unit, Department of Microbiology; Institute of Tropical Medicine; Antwerp Belgium
| | - Joanna Rejman
- Lab of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Ghent University; Harelbekestraat 72 B9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Guido Vanham
- Virology Unit, Department of Microbiology; Institute of Tropical Medicine; Antwerp Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacology, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences; University of Antwerp, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy; Antwerp Belgium
| | - Bart Lucas
- Lab of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Ghent University; Harelbekestraat 72 B9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Bart Geers
- Lab of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Ghent University; Harelbekestraat 72 B9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Lab of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Ghent University; Harelbekestraat 72 B9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Victor Shahin
- Institute of Physiology II; University of Münster; Münster Germany
| | - Pieter Spanoghe
- Department of Crop Protection Chemistry; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Jo Demeester
- Lab of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Ghent University; Harelbekestraat 72 B9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Stefaan C. De Smedt
- Lab of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Ghent University; Harelbekestraat 72 B9000 Ghent Belgium
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Galán M, Sánchez Rodríguez J, Jiménez JL, Relloso M, Maly M, de la Mata FJ, Muñoz-Fernández MA, Gómez R. Synthesis of new anionic carbosilane dendrimers via thiol–ene chemistry and their antiviral behaviour. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:3222-37. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00162a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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das Neves J, Amiji M, Bahia MF, Sarmento B. Assessing the physical–chemical properties and stability of dapivirine-loaded polymeric nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 2013; 456:307-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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das Neves J, Araújo F, Andrade F, Michiels J, Ariën KK, Vanham G, Amiji M, Bahia MF, Sarmento B. In Vitro and Ex Vivo Evaluation of Polymeric Nanoparticles for Vaginal and Rectal Delivery of the Anti-HIV Drug Dapivirine. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:2793-807. [DOI: 10.1021/mp4002365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José das Neves
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical
Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- CICS—Centro de Investigação
em Ciências da Saúde, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde-Norte, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Francisca Araújo
- CICS—Centro de Investigação
em Ciências da Saúde, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde-Norte, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Rua do Campo Alegre,
823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Andrade
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical
Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Johan Michiels
- Virology Unit, Department of
Microbiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Kevin K. Ariën
- Virology Unit, Department of
Microbiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Guido Vanham
- Virology Unit, Department of
Microbiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Mansoor Amiji
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, 110 Mugar Life Sciences Building, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,
United States
| | - Maria Fernanda Bahia
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical
Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical
Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- CICS—Centro de Investigação
em Ciências da Saúde, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde-Norte, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Rua do Campo Alegre,
823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
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Férir G, Petrova MI, Andrei G, Huskens D, Hoorelbeke B, Snoeck R, Vanderleyden J, Balzarini J, Bartoschek S, Brönstrup M, Süssmuth RD, Schols D. The lantibiotic peptide labyrinthopeptin A1 demonstrates broad anti-HIV and anti-HSV activity with potential for microbicidal applications. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64010. [PMID: 23724015 PMCID: PMC3665789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Lantibiotics are peptides, produced by bacteria, that contain the noncanonical amino acid lanthionine and many of them exhibit antibacterial activities. The labyrinthopeptin A1 (LabyA1) is a prototype peptide of a novel class of carbacyclic lantibiotics. Here, we extensively evaluated its broad-spectrum activity against HIV and HSV in vitro, studied its mechanism of action and evaluated potential microbicidal applications. LabyA1 exhibited a consistent and broad anti-HIV activity (EC50s: 0.70–3.3 µM) and anti-HSV activity (EC50s: 0.29–2.8 µM) in cell cultures. LabyA1 also inhibited viral cell-cell transmission between persistently HIV-infected T cells and uninfected CD4+ T cells (EC50∶2.5 µM) and inhibited the transmission of HIV captured by DC-SIGN+-cells to uninfected CD4+ T cells (EC50∶4.1 µM). Time-of-drug addition studies revealed that LabyA1 acts as an entry inhibitor against HIV and HSV. Cellular and virus binding studies combined with SPR/FLIPR technology showed that LabyA1 interacted with the HIV envelope protein gp120, but not with the HIV cellular receptors. LabyA1 also demonstrated additive to synergistic effects in its anti-HIV-1 and anti-HSV-2 activity with anti(retro)viral drugs in dual combinations such as tenofovir, acyclovir, saquinavir, raltegravir and enfuvirtide. LabyA1 can be considered as a novel lead peptide as it had profound antiviral activity against HIV and HSV. Pre-treatment of PBMCs with LabyA1 neither increased the expression of the activation markers CD69 and CD25, nor enhanced HIV replication, nor significantly induced various inflammatory cytokines/chemokines. LabyA1 also did not affect the growth of vaginal Lactobacilli populations. Based on the lack of toxicity on the vaginal Lactobacillus strains and its synergistic/additive profile in combination with clinically approved anti(retro)virals, it deserves further attention as a potential microbicide candidate in the prevention of sexual transmitted diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Férir
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mariya I. Petrova
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Graciela Andrei
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dana Huskens
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Hoorelbeke
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robert Snoeck
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jos Vanderleyden
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Balzarini
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Roderich D. Süssmuth
- Technische Universität Berlin, Fakultät II – Institut für Chemie; Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominique Schols
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Ariën KK, Venkatraj M, Michiels J, Joossens J, Vereecken K, Van der Veken P, Abdellati S, Cuylaerts V, Crucitti T, Heyndrickx L, Heeres J, Augustyns K, Lewi PJ, Vanham G. Diaryltriazine non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors are potent candidates for pre-exposure prophylaxis in the prevention of sexual HIV transmission. J Antimicrob Chemother 2013; 68:2038-47. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkt166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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27
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Selhorst P, Grupping K, Tong T, Crooks ET, Martin L, Vanham G, Binley JM, Ariën KK. M48U1 CD4 mimetic has a sustained inhibitory effect on cell-associated HIV-1 by attenuating virion infectivity through gp120 shedding. Retrovirology 2013; 10:12. [PMID: 23375046 PMCID: PMC3571899 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-10-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV-1 infected cells can establish new infections by crossing the vaginal epithelia and subsequently producing virus in a milieu that avoids the high microbicide concentrations of the vaginal lumen. FINDINGS To address this problem, here, we report that pretreatment of HIV-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with a 27 amino acid CD4-mimetic, M48U1, causes dramatic and prolonged reduction of infectious virus output, due to its induction of gp120 shedding. CONCLUSIONS M48U1 may, therefore, be valuable for prophylaxis of mucosal HIV-1 transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Selhorst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, B-2000, Belgium
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das Neves J, Sarmento B, Amiji M, Bahia MF. Development and validation of a HPLC method for the assay of dapivirine in cell-based and tissue permeability experiments. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 911:76-83. [PMID: 23217310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2012] [Revised: 09/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Dapivirine, a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, is being currently used for the development of potential anti-HIV microbicide formulations and delivery systems. A new high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with UV detection was developed for the assay of this drug in different biological matrices, namely cell lysates, receptor media from permeability experiments and homogenates of mucosal tissues. The method used a reversed-phase C18 column with a mobile phase composed of trifluoroacetic acid solution (0.1%, v/v) and acetonitrile in a gradient mode. Injection volume was 50μL and the flow rate 1mL/min. The total run time was 12min and UV detection was performed at 290nm for dapivirine and the internal standard (IS) diphenylamine. A Box-Behnken experimental design was used to study different experimental variables of the method, namely the ratio of the mobile phase components and the gradient time, and their influence in responses such as the retention factor, tailing factor, and theoretical plates for dapivirine and the IS, as well as the peak resolution between both compounds. The optimized method was further validated and its usefulness assessed for in vitro and ex vivo experiments using dapivirine or dapivirine-loaded nanoparticles. The method showed to be selective, linear, accurate and precise in the range of 0.02-1.5μg/mL. Other chromatographic parameters, namely carry-over, lower limit of quantification (0.02μg/mL), limit of detection (0.006μg/mL), recovery (equal or higher than 90.7%), and sample stability at different storage conditions, were also determined and found adequate for the intended purposes. The method was successfully used for cell uptake assays and permeability studies across cell monolayers and pig genital mucosal tissues. Overall, the proposed method provides a simple, versatile and reliable way for studying the behavior of dapivirine in different biological matrices and assessing its potential as an anti-HIV microbicide drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- José das Neves
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, LTF/CICF, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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29
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das Neves J, Rocha CMR, Gonçalves MP, Carrier RL, Amiji M, Bahia MF, Sarmento B. Interactions of Microbicide Nanoparticles with a Simulated Vaginal Fluid. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:3347-56. [DOI: 10.1021/mp300408m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José das Neves
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, LTF/CICF,
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- CICS−Centro de Investigação
em Ciências da Saúde, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde-Norte, CESPU, Gandra,
Portugal
| | - Cristina M. R. Rocha
- REQUIMTE, Department
of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto,
Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Pilar Gonçalves
- REQUIMTE, Department
of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto,
Porto, Portugal
| | - Rebecca L. Carrier
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
02115, United States
| | - Mansoor Amiji
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University,
Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Maria Fernanda Bahia
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, LTF/CICF,
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, LTF/CICF,
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- CICS−Centro de Investigação
em Ciências da Saúde, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde-Norte, CESPU, Gandra,
Portugal
- INEB−Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Biomaterials
Division, NEWTherapies Group, Porto, Portugal
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Grupping K, Selhorst P, Michiels J, Vereecken K, Heyndrickx L, Kessler P, Vanham G, Martin L, Ariën KK. MiniCD4 protein resistance mutations affect binding to the HIV-1 gp120 CD4 binding site and decrease entry efficiency. Retrovirology 2012; 9:36. [PMID: 22551420 PMCID: PMC3408336 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Binding of the viral envelope protein (Env), and particularly of its gp120 subunit, to the cellular CD4 receptor is the first essential step of the HIV-1 entry process. The CD4 binding site (CD4bs) of gp120, and especially a recessed cavity occupied by the CD4 Phe43 residue, are known to be highly conserved among the different circulating subtypes and therefore constitute particularly interesting targets for vaccine and drug design. The miniCD4 proteins are a promising class of CD4bs inhibitors. Studying virus evolution under pressure of CD4bs inhibitors could provide insight on the gp120-CD4 interaction and viral entry. Results The present study reports on the resistance induction of two subtype B HIV-1 against the most active miniCD4, M48U1, and its ancestor, M48, and how these mutated positions affect CD4bs recognition, entry efficiency, and sensitivity to other CD4bs inhibitors. Resistance against M48U1 was always associated with S375R/N substitution in both BaL and SF162; M48 resistance was associated with D474N substitution in SF162 and with H105Y substitution in BaL. In addition, some other mutations at position V255 and G471 were of importance for SF162 resistant viruses. Except for 474, all of these mutated positions are conserved, and introducing them into an SF162 Env expressing infectious molecular clone (pBRNL4.3 SF162) resulted in decreased entry efficiency. Furthermore, resistant mutants showed at least some cross-resistance towards other CD4bs inhibitors, the V3 monoclonal antibody 447-52D and some even against the monoclonal antibody 17b, of which the epitope overlaps the co-receptor binding site. Conclusions The mutations H105Y, V255M, S375R/N, G471R/E, and D474N are found to be involved in resistance towards M48 and M48U1. All mutated positions are part of, or in close proximity to, the CD4bs; most are highly conserved, and all have an impact on the entry efficiency, suggesting their importance for optimal virus infectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrijn Grupping
- Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Chen Y, Cao L, Zhong M, Zhang Y, Han C, Li Q, Yang J, Zhou D, Shi W, He B, Liu F, Yu J, Sun Y, Cao Y, Li Y, Li W, Guo D, Cao Z, Yan H. Anti-HIV-1 activity of a new scorpion venom peptide derivative Kn2-7. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34947. [PMID: 22536342 PMCID: PMC3334916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
For over 30 years, HIV/AIDS has wreaked havoc in the world. In the absence of an effective vaccine for HIV, development of new anti-HIV agents is urgently needed. We previously identified the antiviral activities of the scorpion-venom-peptide-derived mucroporin-M1 for three RNA viruses (measles viruses, SARS-CoV, and H5N1). In this investigation, a panel of scorpion venom peptides and their derivatives were designed and chosen for assessment of their anti-HIV activities. A new scorpion venom peptide derivative Kn2-7 was identified as the most potent anti-HIV-1 peptide by screening assays with an EC50 value of 2.76 µg/ml (1.65 µM) and showed low cytotoxicity to host cells with a selective index (SI) of 13.93. Kn2-7 could inhibit all members of a standard reference panel of HIV-1 subtype B pseudotyped virus (PV) with CCR5-tropic and CXCR4-tropic NL4-3 PV strain. Furthermore, it also inhibited a CXCR4-tropic replication-competent strain of HIV-1 subtype B virus. Binding assay of Kn2-7 to HIV-1 PV by Octet Red system suggested the anti-HIV-1 activity was correlated with a direct interaction between Kn2-7 and HIV-1 envelope. These results demonstrated that peptide Kn2-7 could inhibit HIV-1 by direct interaction with viral particle and may become a promising candidate compound for further development of microbicide against HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Luyang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Maohua Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Han
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dihan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Benxia He
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Deying Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijian Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (ZC); (HY)
| | - Huimin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (ZC); (HY)
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Roberts L, Liebenberg L, Barnabas S, Passmore JA. Vaginal microbicides to prevent human immunodeficiency virus infection in women: perspectives on the female genital tract, sexual maturity and mucosal inflammation. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2012; 26:441-9. [PMID: 22429786 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Topically applied vaginal microbicides to protect against human immunodeficiency (HIV) virus infection offer an important female-controlled prevention strategy. Microbicides have been in development for more than 2 decades, and have included various agents that disrupt cellular and microbial membranes (surfactants), restore the natural acidic protective pH of the vagina (acid buffers), and those that interfere with interactions between HIV envelope proteins and cellular receptors (anionic polymers). Although none of these candidate microbicides have shown significant protection against HIV in clinical trials, a topical gel, including the antiretroviral drug tenofovir (TFV) 1% was the first microbicide to be tested to show some protection against HIV infection. This review explores the effect of female genital tract biology and anatomy, mucosal inflammation, and age on the effectiveness of microbicides to prevent HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindi Roberts
- Division of Medical Virology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
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33
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Preclinical evaluation of the HIV-1 fusion inhibitor L'644 as a potential candidate microbicide. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012; 56:2347-56. [PMID: 22330930 DOI: 10.1128/aac.06108-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Topical blockade of the gp41 fusogenic protein of HIV-1 is one possible strategy by which microbicides could prevent HIV transmission, working early against infection, by inhibiting viral entry into host cells. In this study, we examined the potential of gp41 fusion inhibitors (FIs) as candidate anti-HIV microbicides. Preclinical evaluation of four FIs, C34, T20, T1249, and L'644, was performed using cellular and ex vivo genital and colorectal tissue explant models. Increased and sustained activity was detected for L'644, a cholesterol-derivatized version of C34, relative to the other FIs. The higher potency of L'644 was further increased with sustained exposure of cells or tissue to the compound. The activity of L'644 was not affected by biological fluids, and the compound was still active when tissue explants were treated after viral exposure. L'644 was also more active than other FIs against a viral escape mutant resistant to reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs), demonstrating the potential of L'644 to be included as part of a multiactive antiretroviral (ARV) combination-based microbicide. These data support the further development of L'644 for microbicide application.
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35
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Tebit DM, Ndembi N, Weinberg A, Quiñones-Mateu ME. Mucosal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. Curr HIV Res 2012; 10:3-8. [PMID: 22264040 PMCID: PMC3744389 DOI: 10.2174/157016212799304689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Revised: 10/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since the beginning of the AIDS pandemic, and following the discovery of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as the etiological agent of the disease, it was clear that the virus gains access to the human host predominantly through the mucosal tissue after sexual exposure. As a consequence, the female genital tract (vaginal and cervical), as well as the rectal, penile, and oral mucosae have been extensively studied over the last thirty years towards a better understanding of--and to develop strategies to prevent--sexual HIV transmission. This review seeks to describe the biology of the events leading to HIV infection through the human mucosa and introduce some of the approaches attempted to prevent the sexual transmission of HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis M. Tebit
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Aaron Weinberg
- School of Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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36
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In vitro activities of candidate microbicides against cell-associated HIV. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011; 56:805-15. [PMID: 22083472 DOI: 10.1128/aac.05801-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Most research on HIV transmission and microbicides focuses on the inhibition of cell-free virus (CFV) present in genital secretions. However, an effective microbicide should also block the transmission of cell-associated virus (CAV) originating from seminal T cells and macrophages. Because inhibition of CAV remains controversial, especially for viral entry inhibitors, we developed a novel in vitro assay to evaluate the activities of different classes of candidate microbicides against cell-free HIV and HIV-infected leukocytes (i.e., resting peripheral blood mononuclear cells [PBMC], activated PBMC, and monocyte-derived macrophages). The assay is based on two CD4(+) CXCR4(+) T-cell lines (R5MaRBLE and X4MaRBLE) that both contain a firefly luciferase reporter gene but differ in the expression of the CCR5 coreceptor. Consequently, the quantification of the luciferase activities and the Gag p24 concentrations in cocultures of R5-tropic HIV-infected leukocytes with each cell line separately allowed us to discriminate between the infection of the cell lines (i.e., target cells), the ongoing infection in the HIV-infected leukocytes (i.e., effector cells), and the total infection of the coculture (i.e., effector plus target cells). All 14 antiretrovirals tested were able to block target cell infection by all three sources of CAV, although a small decrease in activity (2- to 18-fold) was observed for all entry inhibitors. On the other hand, the production of Gag p24 by the infected effector cells could be blocked only by protease inhibitors. Overall, these results show that entry and protease inhibitors are eligible drug classes for inclusion in future combination microbicides.
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das Neves J, Michiels J, Ariën KK, Vanham G, Amiji M, Bahia MF, Sarmento B. Polymeric Nanoparticles Affect the Intracellular Delivery, Antiretroviral Activity and Cytotoxicity of the Microbicide Drug Candidate Dapivirine. Pharm Res 2011; 29:1468-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-011-0622-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Ariën KK, Vanham G, Gali Y. A dual-chamber model of the female genital tract to evaluate epithelial toxicity of candidate anti-HIV microbicides. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN CELL BIOLOGY 2011; Chapter 26:Unit26.13. [PMID: 21898337 DOI: 10.1002/0471143030.cb2613s52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the predominant mode of infection worldwide. The early steps of transepithelial infection are crucial, but how exactly infection is established in the female genital tract (FGT) is still under debate. Using epithelial cells originating from the FGT and primary cells as subepithelial HIV target cells, an in vitro dual-chamber model of the FGT was developed. Here we describe how this in vitro model can be used to assess the cellular toxicity and anti-HIV activity of antiretrovirals and formulations thereof that are intended to be used as microbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin K Ariën
- Virology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
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