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Ragozzini G, Abu Hasna A, dos Reis FAS, de Moura FB, Campos TMB, Bueno CES, Carvalho CAT, de Martin AS. Effect of Autoclave Sterilization on the Number of Uses and Resistance to Cyclic Fatigue of WaveOne Gold and Four Replica-Like Endodontic Instruments. Int J Dent 2024; 2024:6628146. [PMID: 38938694 PMCID: PMC11208808 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6628146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of autoclave sterilization on the integrity and instruments' fracture number after multiple uses and cyclic fatigue of the original WaveOne Gold (Dentsply Sirona Endodontics) compared to four replica-like instruments (TF4-Gold, Roll-Wave-Gold, W-File, and Micro-Gold). The instruments were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) before being used in root canal instrumentation (baseline). One hundred and fifty human molars, freshly extracted for orthodontic reasons or periodontal disease and with severe curvature (between 30° and 60°), were used. Fifty teeth were instrumented with 10 instruments from each group and were evaluated for integrity. After sterilization in an autoclave, the instruments were analyzed by SEM. This procedure was repeated twice more, totaling three rounds of instrumentation, sterilization, and SEM analysis. Ten unused instruments from each group were evaluated for resistance to cyclic fatigue in a static test using a motor and a device simulating a canal with a 60° curvature angle. The instruments were driven by the motor until separation, visually verified, and the time measured in seconds. Data were analyzed by Chi-square, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey analysis, considering a significance level of 5%. It was found that there was no statistically significant difference between the groups tested in the effect of sterilization on the number of uses. The SEM analysis showed distortions in the instruments after the 3rd use. There was a statistically significant difference in the cyclic fatigue test between the results of WaveOne Gold, TF4 Gold, and Roll Wave Gold compared to W File and Micro Gold (P < 0.0001) and a statistically significant difference between the W File and Micro Gold groups (P < 0.0001). In conclusion, this study affirmed that WaveOne Gold, TF4-Gold, and Roll-Wave-Gold instruments exhibit comparable cyclic fatigue resistance. Besides, all examined instruments can be reliably employed for up to two cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Ragozzini
- Faculdade São Leopoldo MandicInstituto de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic, Endodontia, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amjad Abu Hasna
- Department of Restorative DentistryEndodontics DivisionInstitute of Science and TechnologySão Paulo State University (ICT-UNESP), Eng. Francisco José Longo Avenue 777, São José dos Campos, São Paulo CEP 12245-000, Brazil
- School of DentistryUniversidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón, Ecuador
| | | | - Felipe Bernardo de Moura
- Department of Restorative DentistryEndodontics DivisionInstitute of Science and TechnologySão Paulo State University (ICT-UNESP), Eng. Francisco José Longo Avenue 777, São José dos Campos, São Paulo CEP 12245-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cláudio Antonio Talge Carvalho
- Department of Restorative DentistryEndodontics DivisionInstitute of Science and TechnologySão Paulo State University (ICT-UNESP), Eng. Francisco José Longo Avenue 777, São José dos Campos, São Paulo CEP 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Sigrist de Martin
- Faculdade São Leopoldo MandicInstituto de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic, Endodontia, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Marim AZ, Bueno CEDS, Stringheta CP, Pelegrine RA, De Martin AS, Rocha DGP, Nascimento WM, Limoeiro AG, Fontana CE. In vitro study of structural and chemical changes in two reciprocating files after multiple reuses and sterilisation. AUST ENDOD J 2024. [PMID: 38773855 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
To use scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy to evaluate the metallurgical-chemical changes of WaveOne Gold (WOG) and R-Motion (RM), after multiple uses. The instruments were divided into groups (n = 8): WOG and RM-control groups, new instruments; WOG1 and RM1; WOG2 and RM2; WOG3 and RM3 after instrumentation of 1, 2 or 3 molars, respectively. Burrs occurred mainly in the control group and after the first use. The RM files were found to have a higher nickel content, which increased during reuse, and a decrease in oxygen content with increasing reuse, in addition to calcium impregnation, which occurred in greater amounts in the corrosion areas in the WOG files. The presence of topographic and chemical changes was demonstrated, indicating that caution should be taken when reusing endodontic instruments to avoid fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Zambaldi Marim
- Department of Endodontics, São Leopoldo Mandic School, São Leopoldo Mandic Research Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Carolina Pessoa Stringheta
- Department of Endodontics, São Leopoldo Mandic School, São Leopoldo Mandic Research Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rina Andrea Pelegrine
- Department of Endodontics, São Leopoldo Mandic School, São Leopoldo Mandic Research Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Sigrist De Martin
- Department of Endodontics, São Leopoldo Mandic School, São Leopoldo Mandic Research Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Guimarães Pedro Rocha
- Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, Department of Endodontics, Center os Life Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wayne Martins Nascimento
- Department of Endodontics, São Leopoldo Mandic School, São Leopoldo Mandic Research Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Grasiela Limoeiro
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Fontana
- Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Center os Life Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
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Rego LF, Bronzato JD, Souza APC, de-Jesus-Soares A, Frozoni M. In Vitro Evaluation of the Dynamic Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of a New TruNatomy Glider File after Different Cycles of Use. J Endod 2024; 50:619-626. [PMID: 38311114 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2024.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Determination of the glide path is recommended before using rotary instruments. This study aimed to evaluate the dynamic cyclic fatigue resistance of new and used glider rotary instruments in up to 6 root canals. METHODS Seventy-two TruNatomy Glider files were used for the preparation of root canals of extracted lower molars, which were then submitted to the dynamic cyclic fatigue test carried out in a curved metallic artificial canal. The instruments were divided into 4 groups (n = 18): Control group, new instruments without any use in the root canal; Group 2U, instruments used in 2 mesial canals; Group 4U, instruments used in 4 mesial canals; Group 6U, instruments used in 6 mesial canals. The time to failure (TF) of the instrument was recorded, and the number of cycles to failure (NCF) was calculated. The data were submitted to 1-way analysis of variance and to the Games-Howell test for multiple comparisons, adopting a significance level of 5%. RESULTS TF and NCF were significantly affected by the number of file uses. The Games-Howell test revealed that TF and NCF were significantly greater in the control group than in Group 4U. In Group 2U, TF and NCF were intermediate and not significantly different from the control group. Group 6U had significantly lower TF and NCF than all other groups. CONCLUSION The TruNatomy Glider can be used as a glide path for up to 2 mesial canals of mandibular molars, whereas its use on 4 or 6 root canals is not suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Ferreira Rego
- Department of Endodontics, São Leopoldo Mandic School of Dentistry, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Delatorre Bronzato
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Adriana de-Jesus-Soares
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Frozoni
- Department of Endodontics, São Leopoldo Mandic School of Dentistry, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Dos Reis FAS, Abu Hasna A, Ragozzini G, de Moura FB, Campos TMB, de Martin AS, Carvalho CAT, Bueno CES. Assessing the cyclic fatigue resistance and sterilization effects on replica-like endodontic instruments compared to Reciproc Blue. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22956. [PMID: 38151487 PMCID: PMC10752872 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50096-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the number of uses and autoclave sterilization on the cyclic fatigue resistance of four replica-like instruments RC Blue; Only One File Blue; Recip One Blue; and Micro Blue compared to the original system Reciproc Blue (VDW, Munich, Germany). The instruments were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) before being used in root canal instrumentation (baseline). Fifty molars were instrumented by ten instruments (n=10). After sterilization in an autoclave, the instruments were analyzed by SEM. This procedure was repeated twice more using different molars, totaling 3 rounds of instrumentation, sterilization and SEM analysis. Then, ten different instruments from each brand were tested for cyclic fatigue resistance. Number of uses data were analyzed using Chi-squared analysis, and cyclic fatigue data were analyzed by one-way Anova followed by Tukey's test as the data had normal distribution. The fracture times for all systems had no significant difference, but Micro Blue had significantly lower values than the other systems (p < 0.05). The SEM analysis showed distortions in the instruments after the 3rd use. Therefore, all tested instruments except of Micro Blue have similar resistance to cyclic fatigue, and all are reliable for use in up to 2-cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amjad Abu Hasna
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Eng. Francisco José Longo Avenue 777, São José dos Campos, SP, CEP 12245-000, Brazil.
- School of Dentistry, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón, Ecuador.
| | - Gustavo Ragozzini
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic, Endodontia, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe Bernardo de Moura
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Eng. Francisco José Longo Avenue 777, São José dos Campos, SP, CEP 12245-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cláudio Antonio Talge Carvalho
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Eng. Francisco José Longo Avenue 777, São José dos Campos, SP, CEP 12245-000, Brazil
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dos Reis FAS, Abu Hasna A, Ragozzini G, de Moura FB, Campos TMB, de Martin AS, Carvalho CAT, Bueno CES. Assessing the cyclic fatigue resistance and sterilization effects on replica-like endodontic instruments compared to Reciproc Blue. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22956. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-50096-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of the number of uses and autoclave sterilization on the cyclic fatigue resistance of four replica-like instruments RC Blue; Only One File Blue; Recip One Blue; and Micro Blue compared to the original system Reciproc Blue (VDW, Munich, Germany). The instruments were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) before being used in root canal instrumentation (baseline). Fifty molars were instrumented by ten instruments (n=10). After sterilization in an autoclave, the instruments were analyzed by SEM. This procedure was repeated twice more using different molars, totaling 3 rounds of instrumentation, sterilization and SEM analysis. Then, ten different instruments from each brand were tested for cyclic fatigue resistance. Number of uses data were analyzed using Chi-squared analysis, and cyclic fatigue data were analyzed by one-way Anova followed by Tukey’s test as the data had normal distribution. The fracture times for all systems had no significant difference, but Micro Blue had significantly lower values than the other systems (p < 0.05). The SEM analysis showed distortions in the instruments after the 3rd use. Therefore, all tested instruments except of Micro Blue have similar resistance to cyclic fatigue, and all are reliable for use in up to 2-cases.
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The Use of Premixed Calcium Silicate Bioceramic Sealer with Warm Carrier-Based Technique: A 2-Year Study for Patients Treated in a Master Program. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14030164. [PMID: 36976088 PMCID: PMC10054578 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14030164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Recently several calcium silicate flowable sealers have been introduced as endodontic materials for the root canal. This clinical study tested the use of a new premixed calcium silicate bioceramic sealer in association with the Thermafil warm carrier-based technique (TF). Epoxy-resin-based sealer with the warm carrier-based technique was the control group. Methodology: Healthy consecutive patients (n = 85) requiring 94 root canal treatments were enrolled in this study and assigned to one filling group (Ceraseal-TF n = 47, AH Plus-TF n = 47) in accordance with operator training and best clinical practice. Periapical X-rays were taken preoperatively, after root canal filling and after 6, 12 and 24 months. Two evaluators blindly assessed the periapical index (PAI) and sealer extrusion in the groups (k = 0.90). Healing rate and survival rate were also evaluated. Chi-square tests was used to analyze significant differences between the groups. Multilevel analysis was performed to evaluate the factors associated with healing status. Results: A total of 89 root canal treatments in 82 patients were analyzed at the end-line (24 months). The total drop-out was 3.6% (3 patients; 5 teeth). A total of 91.1% of healed teeth (PAI 1-2) was observed in Ceraseal-TF, with 88.6% in AH Plus-TF. No significant difference was observed on healing outcome and survival among the two filling groups (p > 0.05). Apical extrusion of the sealers occurred in 17 cases (19.0%). Of these, 6 occurred in Ceraseal-TF (13.3%) and 11 in AH Plus-TF (25.0%). Three Ceraseal extrusions were radiographically undetectable after 24 months. All the AH Plus extrusions did not change during the evaluation time. Conclusions: The combined use of the carrier-based technique and premixed CaSi-based bioceramic sealer showed clinical results comparable with carrier-based technique and epoxy-resin-based sealer. The radiographical disappearance of apically extruded Ceraseal is a possible event in the first 24 months.
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7
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Kermeoglu F, Abduljalil M. Impacts of NaOCl and Irritrol irrigation solutions with/without autoclave sterilisation on the cyclic fatigue resistance of different nickel-titanium files. AUST ENDOD J 2022; 48:392-399. [PMID: 34617638 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This research aimed to examine the impact of NaOCl and Irritrol solutions with/without autoclave sterilisation on the cyclic fatigue resistance of ProTaper, WaveOne Gold and Reciproc NiTi files. Seventy files in every group were separated into seven subgroups (n = 10) according to irrigation solutions and sterilisation procedures. The mean and standard deviations of the time to fracture was calculated for each group, and the data statistical analysis was performed (P ≤ 0.05). Significantly higher cyclic fatigue resistance was found in Reciproc files than the other types of files. The differences between the control and other subgroups were found to be statistically insignificant (P > 0.05), except for subgroups 5 and 7 (P ≤ 0.05). Immersing NiTi files in NaOCl or Irritrol with sterilisation for three times considerably reduced the cyclic fatigue resistance of these files. Reciproc files exhibited the highest cyclic fatigue resistance in comparison with ProTaper and WaveOne Gold files.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Kermeoglu
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Mersin10, Turkey
| | - Mohamad Abduljalil
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Mersin10, Turkey
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8
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Wear Analysis of Four Different Single-File Reciprocating Instruments before and after Four Uses in Simulated Root Canals. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12126253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess the surface alterations of four reciprocating instruments before and after the shaping of four resin-simulated root canals. The following four different reciprocating instruments are selected: 10 Reciproc Blue (RB25), 10 WaveOne Gold (WOG), 10 EdgeOne Fire (EOF) and 10 recently introduced instruments OneRECI (OR), for a total of 40 new instruments. Before root canal shaping, each instrument is mounted on a stub in a standardized position and observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to detect any surface alteration, such as microfractures, metal defects, deformations, blunt and disruption of cutting edges, debris, pitting and tip flattening. Micrographs are acquired at the level of the tip, 4 mm, 8 mm and 12 mm from it. After that, each instrument is used in four simulated resin root canals. SEM observation was repeated after the simulated clinical use to assess the wear resistance of the instruments. Surface alterations are registered before and after instrumentation and statistical analysis is performed using a Chi-Square test to verify homogeneity of defects distribution and GLM to evaluate the differences of RMS at baseline and after use for both groups (α level 0.05). Before simulated clinical uses, no alterations are found except for three cases of EOF with metal strips in correspondence to the tip, disruption of the cutting edge of WOG and oily spotting on two different OR. After simulated clinical use, EOF shows a statistically significant difference in terms of spiral distortion and flattening of the cutting edges. The OR shows the highest presence of debris despite the ultrasonic cleaning procedures. No instrument fractures are observed. EOF should be discarded after four clinical uses and carefully inspected after each insertion into root canals. Moreover, tough attention should be paid during disinfection and cleaning procedures after instrumentation considering the copious debris detected in each instrument, particularly in OR.
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Zaccaro-Scelza MF, Martinez RLCH, Tavares SO, Gonçalves FP, Montagnana M, Silva EJNLD, Scelza P. Noncontact 3D evaluation of surface topography of reciprocating instruments after retreatment procedures. Braz Dent J 2022; 33:38-46. [PMID: 35766715 PMCID: PMC9645204 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202204876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the Reciproc R25 and Pro-R 25 instruments in unused
condition, after one and a second use in endodontic retreatment employing a
noncontact 3D light interferometer profiler, scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
and cyclic fatigue tests. Twenty single-root teeth were instrumented with
Reciproc R25 and filled with gutta-percha and sealer. A 3D profiler with a 20x
objective using the Mx™ software was used to evaluate the cutting blade surfaces
of Reciproc R25 and Pro-R 25 (n=5 per group) in unused condition, after the
first and second uses in retreatment procedures. After retreatment, SEM was used
to evaluate the topographic features of the used instruments. Cyclic fatigue
tests were performed to compare new to used instruments. One-way ANOVA followed
by Tukey test was used to compare the tested instruments before and after the
first and second uses. Student t-test was used to compare the different
instruments and for cyclic fatigue evaluation. No significant differences were
observed in the cutting blade surfaces of Reciproc and Pro-R before and after
one and two uses (p>0.05). Reciproc without use showed higher Sa and Sq when
compared to Pro-R without use (p<0.05). No differences were observed between
Reciproc and Pro-R after one and two uses (p>0.05). New and unused Reciproc
showed longer time to fracture than Pro-R instruments (p<0.05), and only
Pro-R showed differences between new and used instruments (p<0.05).
Retreatment procedures with Reciproc and Pro-R did not change the surface
topography of instruments. Reciproc had greater resistance to cyclic fatigue
compared with Pro-R.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Pantaleo Scelza
- Geriatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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Terauchi Y, Ali WT, Abielhassan MM. Present status and future directions - Removal of fractured instruments. Int Endod J 2022; 55 Suppl 3:685-709. [PMID: 35377473 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Success rate of fractured instrument retrieval varies because it is dependent mainly on several factors including the visibility of the fractured instrument, the length of the fractured instrument in relation to the curvature of the canal, and the techniques applied to each case. This review aims to update the present status on removal of fractured instruments to identify factors and variables that could affect the success of fractured instrument retrieval based on both the preparation techniques and the instrument retrieval techniques. On the other hand, future directions of fractured instrument retrieval should focus on management of non-visible fractured instruments since the removal of those instruments are deemed unpredictable with the current techniques, whereas the removal of visible fractured instruments are considered predictable now. Another possible direction of it is there might be no more instrument fracture due to possible significant changes in the root canal preparation technique which may dispense with the use of rotary instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshi Terauchi
- CT & MicroEndodontic center, 3-3-1 Chuorinkan, Yamato-Shi, KANAGAWA, 242-0001, Japan.,Yoshitsugu Terauchi, 9-8-14 Chuorinkan, Yamato City, KANAGAWA, 2420007, Japan
| | - Wagih Tarek Ali
- Endodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Scardini IDL, Zezell DM, Marques JLC, Freire LG, Santos MD. Surface profile of different heat-treated nickel-titanium files before and after root canal preparation. Braz Dent J 2022; 32:8-15. [PMID: 35019022 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202104045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate surface wear, presence of microcracks and surface irregularities of WaveOne (WO) and WaveOne Gold (WOG) instruments before and after multiple uses. Eight Primary instruments of the WO and WOG systems were evaluated, each one was used to prepare six mesial canals of extracted human mandibular molars. The surface of the instruments was evaluated before use (T0), after instrumentation of three (T1) and six (T2) root canals. Surface wear was analyzed using a three-dimensional optical profiler and the presence of microcracks and surface irregularities were evaluated using a tabletop scanning electron microscopy. The Friedman test was used to assess surface wear and Kruskal-Wallis test to evaluate the presence of microcracks and surface irregularities, with a 5% significance level. There was a significant increase in wear in both groups at T2, compared to T0 (p=0.0003). The surface wear after instrumentation of six canals (T2-T0) was statistically greater in the WOG group, than in the WO group (p=0.02), where the presence of microcracks was significantly greater and increased after multiple uses (p<0.05). The presence of surface irregularities in the cutting blade before and after use was statistically greater in the WOG group than WO group (p<0.05). Wear of the cutting blade, microcracks and surface irregularities were observed on the surface topography of all the instruments after multiple uses. These surface changes may affect the cutting efficiency of WOG files and increase the risk of fracture of WO files.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iandara de Lima Scardini
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise Maria Zezell
- Center for Lasers and Applications, Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN-CNEN/SP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Laila Gonzales Freire
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dos Santos
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Metallurgical Tests in Endodontics: A Narrative Review. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9010030. [PMID: 35049739 PMCID: PMC8773015 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since there are no reviews of the literature on this theme, the aim of this narrative review is to summarize the metallurgical tests used in endodontics, pointing out their functional use and their pros and cons and giving readers a user-friendly guide to serve as an orientation aid in the plethora of metallurgical tests. With this purpose, a literature search for articles published between January 2001 and December 2021 was conducted, using the electronic database PubMed to collect all published articles regarding the metallurgical tests used in endodontics for the evaluation of NiTi rotary instruments. The search was conducted using the following keywords: “metallurgy”, “differential scanning calorimetry” (DSC), “X-ray diffraction” (XRD), “atomic force microscopy” (AFM), “energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy” (EDS), “focused ion beam analysis” (FIB) and “Auger electron spectroscopy” (AES) combined with the term “endodontics” or “NiTi rotary instruments”. Considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, of the 248 articles found, only 81 were included in the narrative review. According to the results, more than 50% of the selected articles were published in one of the two most relevant journals in endodontics: International Endodontic Journal (22.2%) and Journal of Endodontics (29.6%). The most popular metallurgical test was DSC, with 43 related articles, followed by EDS (33 articles), AFM (22 articles) and XRD (21 articles). Few studies were conducted using other tests such as FIB (2 articles), micro-Raman spectroscopy (4 articles), metallographic analysis (7 articles) and Auger electron spectroscopy (2 articles).
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Kalyoncuoğlu E, Keskin C, Keleş A, Aydemir H. Metallurgical characterisation and torsional resistance of blue thermomechanically treated nickel titanium instruments after simulated ex vivo retreatment procedure. AUST ENDOD J 2021; 48:121-130. [PMID: 34670014 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
To compare used and unused Reciproc Blue and Reciproc after retreatment, the instruments were used in the mesiobuccal canals of maxillary molars with curvature. The torsional resistances were tested and then unused instruments were subjected to XRD, DSC and microhardness tests. Student's t, ANOVA and Tukey's tests were performed (α-level 0.05). The torsional strength of used Reciproc Blue was not significantly different than unused ones (P > .05), while torsional strength of Reciproc decreased significantly (P < .05). DSC and XRD indicated that Reciproc Blue exhibited prominent transformation peaks corresponding austenite to R-phase. Microhardness of Reciproc was significantly higher (P < .05). A second reuse of Reciproc Blue for retreatment could be considered safe in terms of torsional strength. Blue treatment also decreased surface microhardness of the instrument and changed phase composition by increasing the R-phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Kalyoncuoğlu
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Cangül Keskin
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ali Keleş
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Hikmet Aydemir
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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14
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Pedullà E, LA Rosa GR, Franciosi G, Corsentino G, Rapisarda S, Lo Savio F, LA Rosa G, Grandini S. Cyclic fatigue and torsional resistance evaluation of Reciproc R25 instruments after simulated clinical use. Minerva Dent Oral Sci 2021; 71:174-179. [PMID: 34132510 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6329.21.04465-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the influence of multiple uses on the cyclic flexural fatigue and torsional resistance of Reciproc R25 (REC) instruments. METHODS 256 canals (2 for each mandibular molar) were prepared using Reciproc R25 instruments. A total of 96 25-mm-long Reciproc R25 instruments were divided in six groups (n=8) on the basis of different number of canal shaped: new instruments (control group), 1, 2, 3, 4 or 6 canals shaped during simulated clinical use for other groups respectively. Sixteen files were used for each of the six groups (8 instruments for cyclic fatigue test and 8 ones for torsional test). Times to fracture (TtF) for cyclic fatigue and ultimate torsional strength and angle of rotation to fracture for torsional resistance were recorded. Data were statistically evaluated by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) with P<.05. RESULTS As for cyclic fatigue resistance, there was no significant difference between new REC and REC used in one, two and three canals respectively (P>.05). REC used in four and six canals showed significant lower times to fracture when compared with other groups (P<.05) with REC used in six canals showing the significant lowest times to fracture (P<.05). Considering torsional resistance parameters, no significant difference was observed between the new and used instruments (P>.05). CONCLUSIONS REC25 files showed a significant decrease in cyclic fatigue resistance only when used in four or more molar canals while their torsional behavior was not affected by multiple uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Pedullà
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giusy R LA Rosa
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy -
| | - Giovanni Franciosi
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giacomo Corsentino
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Silvia Rapisarda
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Fabio Lo Savio
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Guido LA Rosa
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Simone Grandini
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Peraça VDO, Xavier SR, de Almeida Gomes F, Dos Santos LGP, Souza EM, Pappen FG. Effect of number of uses and sterilization on the instrumented area and resistance of reciprocating instruments. Restor Dent Endod 2021; 46:e28. [PMID: 34123764 PMCID: PMC8170385 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2021.46.e28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study evaluated the effect of repeated uses and autoclaving in the instrumented area, fracture resistance, and time of instrumentation of thermally treated nickel-titanium reciprocating systems. Materials and Methods Two hundred simulated canals were instrumented using Reciproc Blue and WaveOne Gold. Each file was used up to 10 times or until fracture. The instrumented area was measured in pre- and post-operative images, using ImageJ software. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis evaluated the number of uses of instruments before fracture. Instrumented area and time of instrumentation were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis. Correlations among the number of uses and instrumented area were measured. The level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results Reciproc Blue presented a higher estimated number of uses in comparison with WaveOne Gold (p = 0.026), but autoclaving did not affect the resistance to fracture of instruments (p > 0.05). The instrumented area was different among the evaluated groups (p = 0.039), and the instrumented area along the uses of both tested instruments was reduced. With the time of instrumentation, there was also a significant difference among the evaluated groups; the groups without sterilization cycles were faster, in comparison to those submitted to autoclaving (p = 0.010). Conclusions Reciproc Blue was more resistant than WaveOne Gold, suffering later fracture. Additionally, the sterilization cycles did not influence the estimated number of uses of thermally treated reciprocating instruments, but the instrumented area of root canals was reduced along with the repeated uses of both instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Erick Miranda Souza
- Department of Endodontics, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luiz, MA, Brazil
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16
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Zafar MS. Impact of Endodontic Instrumentation on Surface Roughness of Various Nickel-Titanium Rotary Files. Eur J Dent 2021; 15:273-280. [PMID: 33111285 PMCID: PMC8184277 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1718469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to evaluate the surface roughness (SR) of various nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary endodontic instruments (ProTaper Next [PTN], WaveOne Gold [WOG], and ProTaper Gold [PTG]) before and after root canal instrumentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS For each type (PTN, WOG, and PTG), the endodontic instrumentation was performed using extracted mandibular molar teeth's curved mesial root canals (curvature: 20-40 degrees) after determining the working length. Each NiTi file was cleaned, and sterilized following preparation of four root canals and characterized for surface properties before and after endodontic instrumentation using a contact-mode three-dimensional surface profiler. The data were analyzed statistically using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences for SR parameters including average surface roughness value (Sa), root mean square roughness (Sq), and peak to valley height (Sz). RESULTS Preinstrumentation assessment revealed a significant difference for all the three SR variables (p < 0.05) for the cutting blade and the flute area. WOG instruments showed the highest SR values (p = 0.000). The postinstrumentation assessment revealed significant differences in SR values in the blade and the flute between the three groups (p < 0.05), with WOG and PTG exhibiting the highest values in the blade and flute sections, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The SR parameters of intact PTN, WOG, and PTG NiTi files vary and that was increased following the endodontic instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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17
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ARICAN B, ATAV ATEŞ A. Effect of number of uses on the cyclic fatigue resistance of single-file rotary instruments. JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.32322/jhsm.862248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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18
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In-Depth Metallurgical and Microstructural Analysis of Oneshape and Heat Treated Onecurve Instruments. Eur Endod J 2021; 6:90-97. [PMID: 33762534 DOI: 10.14744/eej.2021.63634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To define surface, mechanical, microstructural and metallurgical features of conventional One-Shape (OShape) and heat-treated OneCurve (OCurve) nickel-titanium instruments. METHODS Instruments were analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on new instruments and after simulated clinical use (SCU). Cyclic fatigue testing was performed and the number of cycles to fracture (NCF) and the length of the fractured instruments were measured (Mann-Whitney test). Fractured instruments during cyclic fatigue testing were then inspected by SEM fractographic analysis. Field emission gun scanning scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and micro-Raman spectroscopy were used to assess alloy surface chemistry. Focused ion beam (FIB) was performed to analyse the oxide layer on the surface of OCurve before and after SCU. X-Ray diffraction (XRD), metallographic evaluation and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to determine martensitic/austenitic phase transformation temperatures. RESULTS SEM observations on new instruments revealed a smooth regular surface with flattened milling grooves. No wear features were detected after SCU. OCurve exhibited a higher cyclic fatigue resistance (P<0.05), slower crack propagation and a surface layer of TiO2. Metallographic analysis and XRD showed the prevalence of martensitic grains on OCurve instruments that were stable at body temperature as confirmed by DSC analysis. Furthermore, DSC demonstrated a shift in the temperature transformation ranges suggesting an increase of martensite phase in autoclaved OCurve instruments. CONCLUSION Heat treatment processes were confirmed as a valid enhancement of the properties of the new generation NiTi instruments. OCurve presented a significant improvement over OShape regarding both mechanical and metallurgical characteristics.
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Moreira EJL, Antunes HDS, Vieira VTL, Cavalcante DM, Oliveira HE, Oliveira DDS, DE-Deus G, Silva EJNLD. Effects of clinical use of NiTi reciprocating instruments on cyclic and torsional resistance, and on roughness. Braz Oral Res 2021; 35:e021. [PMID: 33605352 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cyclic fatigue, torsional resistance and surface roughness of Reciproc R25 instruments in four different situations, namely as new instruments and as instruments tested after clinical preparation of one, two or three maxillary molars with four root canals. The total time required to perform each root canal preparation was recorded. Cyclic fatigue resistance was determined by the time to fracture using a customized testing device (n = 10 per group). The torsional test evaluated the torque and angle of rotation to failure according to ISO 3630-1 (n = 10 per group). The roughness of the working parts of new and used instruments was evaluated with a profilometer (n = 5 per group). Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. The level of significance was set at 5%. No fractures or deformations were observed after clinical use. Higher preparation time was needed during the third use of the instruments for all root canals (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences among the groups in regard to either cyclic fatigue or torsional resistance (p > 0.05). Regarding the roughness measurements, groove depth was higher on new and one- versus two- or three-maxillary-molar-prepared instruments (p < 0.05). It can be concluded that the clinical use of Reciproc instruments increased preparation time and decreased surface roughness. However, clinical use did not affect the cyclic fatigue or torsional resistance of the Reciproc instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edson Jorge Lima Moreira
- Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF, School of Dentistry , Department of Endodontics , Niterói , RJ , Brazil
| | - Henrique Dos Santos Antunes
- Universidade do Grande Rio - Unigranrio, School of Dentistry , Department of Endodontics , Rio de Janeiro , RJ , Brazil
| | - Victor Talarico Leal Vieira
- Universidade do Grande Rio - Unigranrio, School of Dentistry , Department of Endodontics , Rio de Janeiro , RJ , Brazil
| | - Daniele Moreira Cavalcante
- Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF, School of Dentistry , Department of Endodontics , Niterói , RJ , Brazil
| | - Henrique Eduardo Oliveira
- Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF, School of Dentistry , Department of Endodontics , Niterói , RJ , Brazil
| | - Diogo da Silva Oliveira
- Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF, School of Dentistry , Department of Endodontics , Niterói , RJ , Brazil
| | - Gustavo DE-Deus
- Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF, School of Dentistry , Department of Endodontics , Niterói , RJ , Brazil
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Armagan S, Haznedaroglu F. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of conventional and controlled-memory nickel titanium files before and after multi-uses in root canals. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 84:1321-1327. [PMID: 33429461 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The current study aimed to examine changes in the physical properties of conventional and CM nickel-titanium instruments after repeated clinical use, disinfection-sterilization processes, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Sixty extracted mandibular molar mesial roots were used in this ex vivo study. The 60 teeth underwent final apical shaping (#25/.06) by the Revo-S SU (Revo-S Group: #25/.06; Micromega; n = 10) and Hyflex CM (Hyflex CM group: #25/.06; Coltene-Whaledent; n = 10) groups. One instrument of each group was used to shape six different teeth (Revo-S SU in 3 MB and 3 ML canals, and Hyflex CM in 3 MB and 3 ML canals), sequentially. The physical changes evident on the surfaces of the files after sequential use and sterilization processes were analyzed by SEM after the first, third, and sixth use. The first SEM examination was performed immediately after removal from the packages. Following first SEM examination, the files were sterilized before the first use as would be customary in practice. Qualitative evaluations were made by two evaluators, according to the following criteria: tip deformation, cutting edge deformation, debris, and microfracture. Revo-S showed a significant difference in cutting edge deformation, tip deformation, and microcrack formation, as compared to Hyflex CM. There was no significant difference between the groups in debris with the increasing number of uses. In this study, Hyflex CM (CM nickel-titanium) files showed better performance in terms of deformation and microcrack formation as the number of uses increased than did Revo-S (conventional nickel-titanium) files.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Armagan
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Unıversity, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Faruk Haznedaroglu
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Unıversity, Istanbul, Turkey
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21
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Tobón-Arroyave S, Restrepo-Restrepo F, Holguín-Vásquez V, Cañas-Jiménez S, Villa-Machado P, Ochoa-Soto S, Ossa-Orozco C. Microstructural, microchemical, and mechanical changes associated with the clinical reuse of two nickel–titanium endodontic instruments. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.318943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Does the type of endodontic access influence in the cyclic fatigue resistance of reciprocating instruments? Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:3691-3698. [PMID: 33219876 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03694-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of the present study was to compare the cyclic fatigue resistance of Reciproc R25 (R25) and Reciproc Blue R25 (R25B) instruments, after simulated clinical use in traditional (TradAC) and ultraconservative (UltraAC) endodontic access cavities. METHODS Forty mandibular molars were randomly assigned into the following groups, according to the type of access and instrument to be used: TradAC and R25, TradAC and R25B, UltraAC and R25, and UltraAC and R25B. Teeth were accessed accordingly, and the root canals were prepared using "RECIPROC ALL" kinematics. The cyclic fatigue resistance of the forty used instruments was obtained measuring the time to fracture in an artificial stainless-steel canal. Ten brand new R25 and R25B were used as control groups. The fracture surfaces and the side cutting edges of the instruments were examined with a scanning electron microscope. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests with a significance level of P < 0.05. RESULTS R25B instruments showed significantly higher cyclic fatigue resistance than R25, regardless of the access cavity type (P < 0.05). No differences were observed in the cyclic fatigue resistance between instruments without simulated clinical use and used in TradAC (P > 0.05). R25 and R25B used in UltraAC showed significantly lower cyclic fatigue resistance compared with the instruments used in TradAC and without simulated clinical use (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS R25B files showed improved cyclic fatigue resistance than R25. The use of R25B and R25 files in mandibular molars with UltraACs decreased their cyclic fatigue resistance, compared with TradAC. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The use of Reciproc and Reciproc Blue files in mandibular molars with ultra-conservative endodontic access cavities reduced their cyclic fatigue resistance. Clinicians should be aware about the reduced cyclic fatigue resistance of these files when used in mandibular molars with UltraAC, due to the synergistic effect of access angulation and severe curvature induced in the endodontic files.
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Serafin M, Biasi MD, Franco V, Generali L, Angerame D. Influence of different motions on the cyclic fatigue resistance of Reciproc and Reciproc Blue endodontic instruments. J Conserv Dent 2020; 22:449-453. [PMID: 33082660 PMCID: PMC7537752 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_430_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the cyclic fatigue resistance of Reciproc (RCP) and RPC Blue (RCPB) instruments used in continuous rotation, "RECIPROC" mode, and "WAVEONE" mode. Materials and Methods Sixty RCP and 60 RCPB R25 files were used. For each file type, three groups (n = 20) were defined depending on the used kinematics: continuous rotation, "RECIPROC" mode, and "WAVEONE" mode. A stainless-steel artificial canal with 60° angle and 5-mm radius of curvature was milled reproducing the size and taper of the used files. The test device was electrically heated to 35°C to simulate the clinical environment. All files were reciprocated or rotated until fracture. The time to failure and the length of the fractured fragments were measured. A fractographic examination was performed by scanning the electron microscopy to confirm the cause of fracture. Collected data underwent a two-way analysis of variance (α = 0.05). Results RCPB files exhibited better cyclic fatigue resistance than RCP. The "RECIPROC" motion yielded greater cyclic fatigue resistance than the "WAVEONE" movement; the least resistance was observed in the continuous rotation groups. No significant differences were found among groups in terms of length of the fractured fragment. The fractographic analysis confirmed that all scanned samples separated due to cyclic fatigue. Conclusions Within the limitation of the present study, the "RECIPROC" mode increased the cyclic fatigue resistance of the tested instruments compared to "WAVEONE" mode and continuous rotation. To prevent RCP and RCPB file separation, motion kinematics other than the native "RECIPROC" movement should be discouraged in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matteo De Biasi
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Generali
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Daniele Angerame
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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Fráter M, Jakab A, Braunitzer G, Tóth Z, Nagy K. The potential effect of instrumentation with different nickel titanium rotary systems on dentinal crack formation-An in vitro study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238790. [PMID: 32903275 PMCID: PMC7480847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential mechanical impact of different rotary systems used for root canal preparation has been a matter of debate for long. The aim of this study was to explore the incidence of dentinal cracks after root canal instrumentation with various rotary systems, in vitro. One hundred and eighty intact lower central incisors were selected and randomly divided into fourteen treatment groups (n = 12/group) and a control group (n = 12). After decoronation, the root canals were instrumented with fourteen different rotary systems (E3, E3 azure, NT2, Hyflex CM, Hyflex EDM, 2Shape, OneCurve, ProTaper Next, ProTaper Gold, WaveOne Gold, Mtwo, Reciproc Blue, TF adaptive, K3XF). All roots were horizontally sectioned at 3, 6, and 9 mm from the apex with a low-speed saw under water-cooling. The slices were then examined under stereomicroscope for dentinal cracks. No cracks were found in the control group. Cracks were found in all treatment groups, predominantly in the 3 mm slices. There was no statistically significant difference in the number of cracks when comparing the different systems to each other at any section level. At 3 mm, however, five of the studied systems, namely K3XF (p = 0.004), Protaper Next (p = 0.001), Reciproc Blue (p<0.001), TF adaptive (p = 0.050), and 2Shape (p = 0.009) presented a significantly higher number of cracks than the control group. Within the limitations of this study, instrumented canals presented dentinal cracks, while uninstrumented ones presented no cracks after sectioning. There seems to be no significant difference among the tested systems regarding crack formation in the instrumented root canal wall. Crack formation occurred irrespective of the motion of the rotary system (rotational or reciprocation). Further studies are needed to clarify the factors that contribute to crack formation in the case of each individual rotary system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márk Fráter
- Department of Operative and Esthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Jakab
- Department of Operative and Esthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Zsolt Tóth
- Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Katalin Nagy
- Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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25
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Alberton CS, Tomazinho FSF, Calefi PS, Duarte MAH, Vivan RR, Baratto-Filho F. Influence of the Preparation Order in Four-Canal Maxillary Molars with WaveOne Gold System. J Endod 2020; 46:1291-1296. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Karamifar K, Samavi S, Saghiri MA. Topographic changes in NiTi rotary instruments after the clinical use. AUST ENDOD J 2020; 46:315-322. [PMID: 32748502 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Surface alterations of instruments were investigated after single and multiple uses in the root canals. XP-endo Shaper (n = 5) and WaveOne GOLD (n = 5) files were used until the separation of the instruments occurred. The apical 3-mm and separated fragments were analysed by SEM to determine the changes in the instruments and the cross-sections of the separated fragments. Each group was divided into five subgroups: control, first, second, third and fourth molar. The results were reported descriptively for each group. In the XP-endo Shaper group, microcracks started to appear after the second use, and pitting and galvanic corrosion occurred after the third use. During the fourth use, microcracks propagated, resulting in ductile fracture while it happened after the third use in the second group. The single use of XP-endo Shaper and WaveOne GOLD was safe without any major changes on their surfaces. Reciprocating motion was not necessarily superior to full rotation motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasra Karamifar
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Shiraz Azad University, Shiraz, Iran.,Sector of Angiogenesis Regenerative Medicine, Dr.Hajar Afsar Lajevardi Research Cluster (DHAL), Hackensack, NJ, USA.,Oral and Dental disease Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sama Samavi
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Shiraz Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Saghiri
- Biomaterial and Prosthodontic Laboratory, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, USA
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Bueno CSP, Oliveira DP, Pelegrine RA, Fontana CE, Rocha DGP, Gutmann JL, Bueno CES. Fracture incidence of WaveOne Gold files: a prospective clinical study. Int Endod J 2020; 53:1192-1198. [PMID: 32573799 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM This prospective clinical study evaluated the incidence of instrument fracture observed after single-file root canal treatment of molars using WaveOne Gold instruments. METHODOLOGY Three standardized, experienced and calibrated specialists treated 750 maxillary and mandibular molars with curvatures less than 45° (2691 root canals) over a 12-month period. All the treatments were performed in a single session. A total of 1104 WaveOne Gold instruments were used, including 38 small, 750 primary, 228 medium and 88 large instruments. Intracanal procedures were performed according to the manufacturer's recommendations, and each instrument was used in a single clinical case. The instruments were examined after their removal from the canal, under an operating microscope at 8× magnification. RESULTS No fractures were observed in any of the 1104 instruments used. CONCLUSIONS No fractures of WaveOne Gold reciprocating instruments occurred during root canal preparations performed in maxillary and mandibular molars with curvatures less than 45° when used strictly according to the manufacturer's recommendations and applied in a single clinical case.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S P Bueno
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Endodontia, Instituto de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - D P Oliveira
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Endodontia, Instituto de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - R A Pelegrine
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Endodontia, Instituto de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - C E Fontana
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - D G P Rocha
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Endodontia, Instituto de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - J L Gutmann
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Pontifical Javeriana University, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - C E S Bueno
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Endodontia, Instituto de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Serefoglu B, Miçooğulları Kurt S, Kaval ME, Güneri P, Kandemir Demirci G, Çalışkan MK. Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Multiused Reciproc Blue Instruments during Retreatment Procedure. J Endod 2019; 46:277-282. [PMID: 31812359 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2019.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Root canal retreatment procedure may reduce the mechanical resistance of nickel-titanium instruments and increase the frequency of instrument fracture. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of multiuse of Reciproc Blue R25 instruments on cyclic fatigue resistance during retreatment procedure in mandibular molar teeth. METHODS Forty-eight Reciproc Blue R25 files were included in the study. In control group, 12 new Reciproc Blue R25 instruments were subjected to cyclic fatigue test by using a stainless steel artificial canal with a 90° angle and 3-mm radius of curvatures. In experimental groups, Reciproc Blue R25 files (n = 12) were used to remove the root canal filling (RCF) material of 1, 2, and 3 molar teeth, respectively. Then cyclic fatigue tests of these 36 instruments were performed. The number of cycles to fracture (NCF) and the length of the fractured fragment were calculated for each instrument. Working time for retreatment procedures was determined in seconds with a digital chronometer. The data were analyzed by using one-way analysis of variance followed by post hoc Tukey test and mixed-effect analysis (P = .05). RESULTS No significant difference was found between NCF values of new and first time used files (P > .05), but NCF values of new and first time used files were significantly higher than those of second and third time used files (P < .05). The second and third time used files revealed no difference (P > .05). As the number of uses increased, the average time for retreatment procedure statistically extended (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Reciproc Blue R25 instrument can be used to remove RCF material of 2 molar teeth. However, because of its decreased NCF values, multiple use over 2 molars may not be suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Serefoglu
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey.
| | | | - Mehmet Emin Kaval
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Pelin Güneri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Mehmet Kemal Çalışkan
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
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Scott R, Arias A, Macorra JC, Govindjee S, Peters OA. Resistance to cyclic fatigue of reciprocating instruments determined at body temperature and phase transformation analysis. AUST ENDOD J 2019; 45:400-406. [DOI: 10.1111/aej.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Scott
- Department of Endodontics University of the Pacific Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry San Francisco California USA
| | - Ana Arias
- Department of Endodontics University of the Pacific Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry San Francisco California USA
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Prothesis School of Dentistry Complutense University Madrid Spain
| | - José C. Macorra
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Prothesis School of Dentistry Complutense University Madrid Spain
| | - Sanjay Govindjee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of California Berkeley California USA
| | - Ove A. Peters
- Department of Endodontics University of the Pacific Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry San Francisco California USA
- Oral Health Centre University of Queensland Herston Queensland Australia
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Surface nanoscale profile of WaveOne, WaveOne Gold, Reciproc, and Reciproc blue, before and after root canal preparation. Odontology 2019; 107:500-506. [DOI: 10.1007/s10266-019-00424-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Generali L, Borghi A, Lusvarghi L, Bolelli G, Veronesi P, Vecchi A, Consolo U, Becce C, Bertoldi C, Sassatelli P. Evaluation of the usage-induced degradation of Genius and Reciproc nickel-titanium reciprocating instruments. Odontology 2019; 107:473-481. [PMID: 30924034 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-019-00423-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the main features and the usage-induced degradation of the Genius file after four severely curved root canal instrumentations and to compare their properties to the Reciproc files. Brand new and ex vivo used files were analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical metallography, and nano-indentation to disclose their morphological, chemical, mechanical, thermal, and phase composition features. Nano-indentation data were statistically analysed using the Student's t test for normal distribution or the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for not-normal distributions. SEM analysis showed the presence of micro-cracks near the tip on both files after ex vivo usage test. EDS analysis confirmed that both files are manufactured from an almost equiatomic NiTi alloy. DSC analysis revealed that the transition temperature of the Genius is below 20 °C, while that of the Reciproc is above 20 °C. XRD analysis of Genius files identified cubic B2 austenite with minor peaks of residual monoclinic B19 martensite, while the contemporaneous presence of martensite, austenite and hexagonal R-phase was observed in the Reciproc files. Significant differences in nanohardness and modulus of elasticity (P < .05) were observed in both Genius and Reciproc files before and after use. The collected results showed that both instruments can be safely used as single-use files.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Generali
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance (CHIMOMO), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | - Alessia Borghi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance (CHIMOMO), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Lusvarghi
- Department of Engineering Enzo Ferrari (DIEF), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bolelli
- Department of Engineering Enzo Ferrari (DIEF), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Paolo Veronesi
- Department of Engineering Enzo Ferrari (DIEF), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Ugo Consolo
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance (CHIMOMO), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Bertoldi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance (CHIMOMO), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Paolo Sassatelli
- Department of Engineering Enzo Ferrari (DIEF), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Spicciarelli V, Corsentino G, Ounsi HF, Ferrari M, Grandini S. Shaping effectiveness and surface topography of reciprocating files after multiple simulated uses. J Oral Sci 2019; 61:45-52. [PMID: 30713265 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.17-0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
This in vitro study assessed morphological changes and efficiency of reciprocating files after multiple uses. Sixty standardized Endo Training Blocks and 10 ReciprocR25 files were selected (six blocks for each file). Each file was its own control (before use vs. after each instrumentation). The instruments were used according to the manufacturer's instructions, and scanning electron microscopy was used to observe fatigue cracks, metal strips/metal flash, pitting, fretting, debris, disruption of the cutting edge, and plastic deformations after each instrumentation. The presence of seven wear variables was scored semiquantitatively by viewing micrographs collected before and after use. The prepared areas in resin blocks were calculated and compared by using AutoCAD software. The control group had significantly lower values for all wear variables except fretting and plastic deformation. The presence of fatigue cracks and metal strips/metal flash significantly differed between unused instruments and instruments used four or five times, in all observed sections. The area of instrumented Endo Training Blocks significantly differed in relation to the number of instrument uses. The Reciproc files wore progressively, and repeated use affected their shaping efficiency in simulated canals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giacomo Corsentino
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, University of Siena
| | - Hani F Ounsi
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Lebanese University
| | - Marco Ferrari
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics and Dental Materials, University of Siena
| | - Simone Grandini
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, University of Siena
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Bastos MMB, Hanan ARA, Bastos AMB, Marques AAF, Garcia LDFR, Sponchiado EC. Topographic and Chemical Analysis of Reciprocating and Rotary Instruments Surface after Continuous Use. Braz Dent J 2018; 28:461-466. [PMID: 29160398 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201701528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at evaluating the changes in surface characteristics and NiTi content of reciprocating and rotary instruments after continuous use. Thirty brand-new instruments were assigned to 3 groups (n=10): PNX1 Group - ProTaper Next system - instrument X1; PNX2 Group - ProTaper Next system - instrument X2 and WO Group - WaveOne system - Primary instrument 25.08. The instruments were used to prepare 60 simulated root canals. Analysis of surface characteristics by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and chemical analysis of Ni and Ti content by energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were performed before and after the first and third use of the instruments. Only WO Group had significant increase in the quantity of defects and deformations after the third use (p<0.05). PNX1 Group had significant decrease in Ni content after the third use, in comparison with the unused instruments (p<0.05). PNX1 Group had no decrease in Ti content throughout the time of use (p>0.05), however, in PNX2 Group, there was significant decrease in the different time interval of analysis (p<0.05). Continuous use promoted increase in defects and deformations only for WaveOne instruments. Chemical composition presented significant changes according to the time of instruments use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lucas da Fonseca Roberti Garcia
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Health Sciences Center, UFSC - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Barbosa I, Ferreira F, Scelza P, Neff J, Russano D, Montagnana M, Zaccaro Scelza M. Defect propagation in NiTi rotary instruments: a noncontact optical profilometry analysis. Int Endod J 2018; 51:1271-1278. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Barbosa
- Department of Endodontics; Fluminense Federal University (UFF); Niteroi RJ Brazil
| | - F. Ferreira
- Department of Endodontics; Fluminense Federal University (UFF); Niteroi RJ Brazil
| | - P. Scelza
- Department of Endodontics; Fluminense Federal University (UFF); Niteroi RJ Brazil
| | - J. Neff
- ZYGO Corporation; Middlefield CT USA
| | | | | | - M. Zaccaro Scelza
- Department of Endodontics; Fluminense Federal University (UFF); Niteroi RJ Brazil
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35
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Özyürek T, Yılmaz K, Uslu G, Plotino G. The effect of root canal preparation on the surface roughness of WaveOne and WaveOne Gold files: atomic force microscopy study. Restor Dent Endod 2018; 43:e10. [PMID: 29487840 PMCID: PMC5816987 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2018.43.e10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To examine the surface topography of intact WaveOne (WO; Dentsply Sirona Endodontics) and WaveOne Gold (WOG; Dentsply Sirona Endodontics) nickel-titanium rotary files and to evaluate the presence of alterations to the surface topography after root canal preparations of severely curved root canals in molar teeth. Materials and Methods Forty-eight severely curved canals of extracted molar teeth were divided into 2 groups (n = 24/each group). In group 1, the canals were prepared using WO and in group 2, the canals were prepared using WOG files. After the preparation of 3 root canals, instruments were subjected to atomic force microscopy analysis. Average roughness and root mean square values were chosen to investigate the surface features of endodontic files. The data was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tamhane's tests at 5% significant level. Results The surface roughness values of WO and WOG files significantly changed after use in root canals (p < 0.05). The used WOG files exhibited higher surface roughness change when compared with the used WO files (p < 0.05). Conclusions Using WO and WOG Primary files in 3 root canals affected the surface topography of the files. After being used in root canals, the WOG files showed a higher level of surface porosity value than the WO files.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Özyürek
- Department of Endodontics, Ondokuz Mayis University Faculty of Dentistry, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Koray Yılmaz
- Çorum Oral and Dental Health Center, Çorum, Turkey
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36
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Ferreira FG, Barbosa IB, Scelza P, Montagnana MB, Russano D, Neff J, Scelza MZ. Noncontact three-dimensional evaluation of surface alterations and wear in NiTi endodontic instruments. Braz Oral Res 2017; 31:e74. [PMID: 29019548 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2017.vol31.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to undertake a qualitative and quantitative assessment of nanoscale alterations and wear on the surfaces of nickel-titanium (NiTi) endodontic instruments, before and after use, through a high-resolution, noncontact, three-dimensional optical profiler, and to verify the accuracy of the evaluation method. Cutting blade surfaces of two different brands of NiTi endodontic instruments, Reciproc R25 (n = 5) and WaveOne Primary (n = 5), were examined and compared before and after two uses in simulated root canals made in clear resin blocks. The analyses were performed on three-dimensional images which were obtained from surface areas measuring 211 × 211 µm, located 3 mm from their tips. The quantitative evaluation of the samples was conducted before and after the first and second usage, by the recordings of three amplitude parameters. The data were subjected to statistical analysis at a 5% level of significance. The results revealed statistically significant increases in the surface wear of both instruments groups after the second use. The presence of irregularities was found on the surface topography of all the instruments, before and after use. Regardless of the evaluation stage, most of the defects were observed in the WaveOne instruments. The three-dimensional technique was suitable and effective for the accurate investigation of the same surfaces of the instruments in different periods of time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor Bastos Barbosa
- Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF, Department of Endodontics, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Pantaleo Scelza
- Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF, Department of Endodontics, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Russano
- Zygo Corporation, Middlefield, CT, United States of America
| | - John Neff
- Zygo Corporation, Middlefield, CT, United States of America
| | - Miriam Zaccaro Scelza
- Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF, Department of Endodontics, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
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37
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Solda C, Langaro MC, Machado AN, Vanni JR, de A Decurcio D, Silva JA, Estrela C, Barletta FB. Presence of Metallic Microfragments on Dentinal Walls and Instrument Defects following Root Canal Preparation. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017; 18:270-276. [PMID: 28349903 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine the presence of metallic microfragments and their elemental composition in the dentinal walls of root canals following preparation using different endodontic instruments and to assess the active cutting edges of instruments with regard to structural defects. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 108 molar teeth were selected and prepared using different endodontic instruments. Teeth were randomly divided into nine groups of 12 teeth each, according to the instruments employed: Manual systems -K-FlexoFile, K-File, and Hedstroem; rotary systems - ProTaper Next, Mtwo, BioRaCe; and reciprocating systems - Reciproc, Unicone, and WaveOne. Both root canals and instruments were assessed using scanning electron microscopy, and the elemental composition of metallic microfragments was determined using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. RESULTS Metallic microfragments were found in the groups prepared with both manual and reciprocating instruments, with no statistically significant differences between groups, thirds, or presence of metallic microfragments (p ≥ 0.05). Moreover, all groups presented structural defects in both new and used instruments; however, rotary instruments (ProTaper Next, Mtwo 702, BioRaCe) were the ones with the lowest number of defects, at statistically significant differences in comparison with other instruments (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The presence of metallic microfragments on dentinal walls following root canal preparation was associated with manual and reciprocating instrumentation. Furthermore, rotary instruments were the ones with the lowest number of defects. Considering the outcomes measured in this study, rotary instruments performed better than the other two groups, as they were associated with the lowest number of metallic microfragments and structural defects. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE During root canal preparation, operative procedures may induce changes to the root canal shape, as well as the release of metallic fragments resulting from the action of instruments on dentinal walls. Therefore, it is important to determine, among the different techniques used for this purpose, which ones are least susceptible to this occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Solda
- Department of Dentistry, Universidade Luterana do Brasil Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marina C Langaro
- Department of Dentistry, Universidade Luterana do Brasil Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alessandra N Machado
- Department of Dentistry, Universidade Luterana do Brasil Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - José R Vanni
- Department of Endodontics, CEOM and Faculdade Meridional IMED, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Julio A Silva
- Department of Endodontics, Universidade Federal de Goiás Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Carlos Estrela
- Department of Endodontics, Universidade Federal de Goiás Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Fernando B Barletta
- Department of Endodontics, Universidade Luterana do Brasil Canoas, Rua Voluntários da Pátria, 9, Centro Histórico, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil, e-mail:
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Bueno CSP, Oliveira DPD, Pelegrine RA, Fontana CE, Rocha DGP, Bueno CEDS. Fracture Incidence of WaveOne and Reciproc Files during Root Canal Preparation of up to 3 Posterior Teeth: A Prospective Clinical Study. J Endod 2017; 43:705-708. [PMID: 28343932 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Reciprocating instruments were developed to improve and simplify the preparation of the root canal system by allowing greater centralization of the canal and requiring a shorter learning curve. Despite the risk of instrument separation, using a reciprocating instrument in more than 1 case is a relatively common clinical practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the fracture resistance of Reciproc (R25; VDW, Munich, Germany) and WaveOne (Primary; Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) instruments according to the number of uses during the preparation of root canals in up to 3 posterior teeth. METHODS A prospective clinical study was conducted by 3 experienced specialists who performed treatment of 358 posterior teeth (1130 canals) over a period of 12 months using 120 reciprocating instruments, 60 of which were Reciproc R25 and 60 were WaveOne Primary. The motion used during instrumentation followed the recommendations of the respective manufacturers. After each use, the instruments were observed under a dental operating microscope at 8× magnification. In the case of fracture or deformation, the instrument was discarded. RESULTS None of the instruments showed any signs of deformation, but 3 instruments fractured (0.26% of the number of canals and 0.84% of the number of teeth). All fractures occurred in mandibular molars (1 WaveOne Primary file during the third use and 2 Reciproc R25 files, 1 during the first use and the other during the third use). CONCLUSIONS There was a low incidence of fracture when reciprocating files were used in up to 3 cases of endodontic treatment in posterior teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rina Andrea Pelegrine
- Department of Endodontics, São Leopoldo Mandic Dental Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Fontana
- Department of Endodontics, São Leopoldo Mandic Dental Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Alsilani R, Jadu F, Bogari DF, Jan AM, Alhazzazi TY. Single file reciprocating systems: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature: Comparison of reciproc and WaveOne. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2016; 6:402-409. [PMID: 27891305 PMCID: PMC5109853 DOI: 10.4103/2231-0762.192945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of single-file nickel-titanium (NiTi) reciprocating systems has been a major breakthrough in the field of endodontics. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the available reciprocating systems, Reciproc and WaveOne, using a meta-analysis with different parameters. A comprehensive electronic literature search for Reciproc and WaveOne using PubMed and Google scholar was initially conducted in September 2014 and updated in September 2016. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were then established. Twenty-six studies were qualified for the systematic review, and only three studies were considered for the meta-analysis using cyclic fatigue resistance as the main parameter. The time to fracture for the Reciproc and WaveOne systems ranged from 119.7 sec to 156.4 sec and 74.8 sec to 99.6 sec, respectively. The pooled difference in mean time to fracture was longer for the Reciproc system by 45.6 sec. This difference was statistically significantly at P value < 0.001. In conclusion, our study supports the finding that Reciproc is more resistant to cyclic fatigue than WaveOne. However, with regard to other parameters, mixed results were obtained. Well-designed randomized clinical trials comparing both systems under the same experimental conditions should be done in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Alsilani
- Department of Dental, Batterjee Medical School, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatima Jadu
- Department of Diagnostic Oral Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Dentistry, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dania F Bogari
- Department of Endodontics, King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Dentistry, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Jan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Dentistry, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki Y Alhazzazi
- Department of Oral Biology, King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Dentistry, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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40
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Iacono F, Pirani C, Generali L, Bolelli G, Sassatelli P, Lusvarghi L, Gandolfi MG, Giorgini L, Prati C. Structural analysis of HyFlex EDM instruments. Int Endod J 2016; 50:303-313. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Iacono
- Endodontic Clinical Section; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM); University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - C. Pirani
- Endodontic Clinical Section; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM); University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - L. Generali
- Endodontic Section; Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery; Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance (CHIMOMO); School of Dentistry; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Modena Italy
| | - G. Bolelli
- Department of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari” (DIEF); University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Modena Italy
| | - P. Sassatelli
- Department of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari” (DIEF); University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Modena Italy
| | - L. Lusvarghi
- Department of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari” (DIEF); University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Modena Italy
| | - M. G. Gandolfi
- Endodontic Clinical Section; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM); University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - L. Giorgini
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari” and INSTM UdR-Bologna; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - C. Prati
- Endodontic Clinical Section; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM); University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
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41
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Plotino G, Ahmed HMA, Grande NM, Cohen S, Bukiet F. Current Assessment of Reciprocation in Endodontic Preparation: A Comprehensive Review—Part II: Properties and Effectiveness. J Endod 2015; 41:1939-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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42
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Pirani C, Iacono F, Generali L, Sassatelli P, Nucci C, Lusvarghi L, Gandolfi MG, Prati C. HyFlex EDM: superficial features, metallurgical analysis and fatigue resistance of innovative electro discharge machined NiTi rotary instruments. Int Endod J 2015; 49:483-93. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Pirani
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM); Endodontic Clinical Section; University of Bologna; Alma Mater Studiorum; Bologna Italy
| | - F. Iacono
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM); Endodontic Clinical Section; University of Bologna; Alma Mater Studiorum; Bologna Italy
| | - L. Generali
- Department of Surgery, Medicine; Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery; Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance (CHIMOMO); School of Dentistry; Endodontic Section; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Modena Italy
| | - P. Sassatelli
- Department of Engineering Enzo Ferrari (DIEF); University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Modena Italy
| | - C. Nucci
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM); Endodontic Clinical Section; University of Bologna; Alma Mater Studiorum; Bologna Italy
| | - L. Lusvarghi
- Department of Engineering Enzo Ferrari (DIEF); University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Modena Italy
| | - M. G. Gandolfi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM); Endodontic Clinical Section; University of Bologna; Alma Mater Studiorum; Bologna Italy
| | - C. Prati
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM); Endodontic Clinical Section; University of Bologna; Alma Mater Studiorum; Bologna Italy
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