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Winkler A, Adler P, Ludwig J, Hofmann N, Soliman S, Krastl G, Krug R. Endodontic Outcome of Root Canal Treatment Using Different Obturation Techniques: A Clinical Study. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:200. [PMID: 37623296 PMCID: PMC10453118 DOI: 10.3390/dj11080200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical outcome of root canal treatment by obturation technique, root canal filling quality, and tooth- and patient-related variables. METHODS This clinical study investigated the endodontic outcome of 114 teeth treated between the years 2009 and 2012. Three different obturation methods were used: (1) adhesive obturation using the continuous wave of condensation technique with Resilon® (CWR), (2) matching-taper single-cone technique with gutta-percha and AH Plus® (SCGP), and (3) matching-taper single-cone technique with gutta-percha and GuttaFlow® (SCGF). Pre- and postoperative periapical radiographs were performed to detect the presence of endodontic lesions (PAI classification) and to assess the quality of both the obturation and the restoration. Tooth- and patient-related data were collected. RESULTS The overall endodontic success rate was 75.4% after a mean observation period of 6.3 years. There were no significant correlations between the type or overall quality of obturation and the treatment outcome. Teeth with preoperative lesions had the highest odds ratio (factor of 4.98) for endodontic failure. Tooth- and patient-related variables had no significant effect on endodontic outcome. CONCLUSIONS The preoperative periapical status of teeth requiring endodontic treatment was a substantial prognostic factor for endodontic outcome, whereas the type of obturation material or technique did not affect it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Winkler
- Center of Dental Traumatology, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Würzburg (UKW), Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (J.L.); (N.H.); (S.S.); (G.K.); (R.K.)
| | - Philipp Adler
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude W 30, 48149 Münster, Germany;
| | - Julia Ludwig
- Center of Dental Traumatology, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Würzburg (UKW), Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (J.L.); (N.H.); (S.S.); (G.K.); (R.K.)
| | - Norbert Hofmann
- Center of Dental Traumatology, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Würzburg (UKW), Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (J.L.); (N.H.); (S.S.); (G.K.); (R.K.)
| | - Sebastian Soliman
- Center of Dental Traumatology, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Würzburg (UKW), Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (J.L.); (N.H.); (S.S.); (G.K.); (R.K.)
| | - Gabriel Krastl
- Center of Dental Traumatology, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Würzburg (UKW), Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (J.L.); (N.H.); (S.S.); (G.K.); (R.K.)
| | - Ralf Krug
- Center of Dental Traumatology, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Würzburg (UKW), Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (J.L.); (N.H.); (S.S.); (G.K.); (R.K.)
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El Hachem C, Chedid JCA, Nehme W, Kaloustian MK, Ghosn N, Rabineau M, Kharouf N, Haikel Y, Mancino D. The Contribution of Various In Vitro Methodologies to Comprehending the Filling Ability of Root Canal Pastes in Primary Teeth. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:818. [PMID: 37508845 PMCID: PMC10376379 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10070818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A void-free obturation during root canal treatment on primary teeth is currently very difficult to attain. In this study, the pulpectomy filling abilities of Bio-C Pulpecto (Angelus, Basil, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil) and of zinc oxide eugenol, or "ZOE" (DenPro, Prevest, New York, NY, USA), were compared using several in vitro techniques. Therefore, 30 primary anterior teeth were used in the present in vitro study. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), including a multiple comparison procedure (Holm-Sidak method, Dunn's Method, or Tukey test), was used. On micro-CT, Bio-C Pulpecto exhibited higher void percentages than did ZOE (10.3 ± 3.8%, and 3.5 ± 1.3%), respectively (p < 0.05). With digital microscopy, higher total void percentages were found in the BC (13.2 ± 26.7%) group compared to the ZOE (2.7 ± 2.8%) group (p < 0.05). With the CLSM, mean tubular penetration depths were higher for Bio-C Pulpecto than for ZOE in all canal thirds (p < 0.05). SEM images demonstrated no tags into dentinal tubules in either group throughout the three thirds. Moreover, higher statistically significant flowability was found for Bio-C (2.657 ± 0.06 mm) compared to ZOE (1.8 ± 0.13 mm) (p < 0.05). The findings of this study indicate that neither ZOE nor Bio-C Pulpecto appears to meet the criteria for an ideal root canal filling paste for primary teeth. This study laid the groundwork for future research by determining how micro-CT, digital microscopy, SEM, and CLSM contribute to our understanding of the filling process of primary teeth. More thorough research on the mechanism of root canal obturation on primary teeth is required to achieve a long-term successful root canal therapy in young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire El Hachem
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Saint Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon
| | - Jean Claude Abou Chedid
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Saint Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon
| | - Walid Nehme
- Department of Endodontics, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, 155 5th Street, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
| | - Marc Krikor Kaloustian
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Saint Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon
| | - Nabil Ghosn
- Craniofacial Research Laboratory, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon
| | - Morgane Rabineau
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg and Fédération des Matériaux et Nanoscience d'Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S 1121, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Naji Kharouf
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S 1121, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Youssef Haikel
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S 1121, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaire, Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaire de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Davide Mancino
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S 1121, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaire, Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaire de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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Chew ST, Eshak Z, Al-Haddad A. Evaluation of interfacial adaptation and penetration of bioceramic-based sealers in oval root canals: A confocal laser scanning microscope study. Microsc Res Tech 2023; 86:754-761. [PMID: 37078493 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
To assess the interfacial adaptation and penetration depth of three different bioceramic-based sealers (CeraSeal, EndoSeal MTA, Nishika Canal Sealer BG) compared to an epoxy resin-based sealer (AH Plus) in oval root canals. Fourty extracted single-rooted mandibular premolar with oval canal were prepared and randomly allocated according to the obturation into; CeraSeal, EndoSeal MTA, Nishika Canal Sealer BG and AH Plus. The roots were sectioned at 3, 6 and 9 mm from the apex. The sealer adaptation and the penetration depth were evaluated under confocal laser scanning microscope. One-way ANOVA and Repeated measure ANOVA were used to statistically analyze the data. Nishika Canal Sealer BG showed significantly higher sealer adaptation than EndoSeal MTA (P < .001) at apical and middle thirds. Meanwhile, AH Plus showed significantly higher sealer adaptation than EndoSeal MTA (P = 0.011) at middle third. For sealer penetration, Nishika Canal Sealer BG showed the longest sealer penetration that was significant compared to AH Plus (P < .001) and EndoSeal MTA (P < .001) whereas CeraSeal was significantly higher than EndoSeal MTA (P = 0.029) at coronal third. For AH Plus, there was a significant less sealer penetration at coronal third compared to apical and middle thirds (P < .05). Whereas for EndoSeal MTA, the coronal third has significant less penetration compared to the middle third (P = 0.032). Endoseal has the lowest adaptation and penetration depth. Nishika Canal Sealer BG has better adaptation and penetration depth using single cone obturation technique in oval canal. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: All the tested root canal sealers have some percentage of gaps and vary in their penetration capability into dentinal tubules. Nishika Canal Sealer BG has significantly better sealer adaptation to root dentinal walls than that of EndoSeal MTA at the apical and middle third but not significantly different from other type of sealers used. Nishika Canal Sealer BG has significantly better penetration depth than AH Plus and EndoSeal MTA at the coronal third of radicular dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Teng Chew
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zolkapli Eshak
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Teknologi MARA Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Afaf Al-Haddad
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Selangor, Malaysia
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Braun A, Berthold M, Buttler P, Glock J, Wenzler JS. A New Mass Spectroscopy-Based Method for Assessing the Periodontal-Endodontic Interface after Intracanal Placement of Biomaterials In Vitro. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14040175. [PMID: 37103265 PMCID: PMC10143328 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14040175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Optimizing the interface between biomaterials and dental hard tissues can prevent leakage of bacteria or inflammatory mediators into periapical tissues and thus avoid alveolar bone inflammation. In this study, an analysis system for testing the periodontal-endodontic interface using gas leakage and subsequent mass spectrometry was developed and validated using the roots of 15 single-rooted teeth in four groups: (I) roots without root canal filling, (II) roots with an inserted gutta-percha post without sealer, (III) roots with gutta-percha post and sealer, (IV) roots filled with sealer only, and (V) adhesively covered roots. Helium was used as the test gas, and its leakage rate was found by measuring the rising ion current using mass spectrometry. This system made it possible to differentiate between the leakage rates of tooth specimens with different fillings. Roots without filling showed the highest leakage values (p < 0.05). Specimens with a gutta-percha post without sealer showed statistically significantly higher leakage values than groups with a filling of gutta-percha and sealer or sealer alone (p < 0.05). This study shows that a standardized analysis system can be developed for periodontal-endodontic interfaces to prevent biomaterials and tissue degradation products from affecting the surrounding alveolar bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Braun
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Berthold
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Patricia Buttler
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Joanna Glock
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Johannes-Simon Wenzler
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Song D, Yang SE. Comparison of Dentinal Tubule Penetration between a Calcium Silicate-Based Sealer with Ultrasonic Activation and an Epoxy Resin-Based Sealer: A Study Using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy. Eur J Dent 2021; 16:195-201. [PMID: 34674198 PMCID: PMC8890920 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1735429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the degree of dentinal penetration between an epoxy resin-based sealer applied by using two different filling methods and an ultrasonically activated calcium silicate-based sealer via confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-five extracted permanent maxillary premolars with type II canals (Vertucci's classification) were subjected to the experiment. The root canals were instrumented and distributed randomly into the following three groups: AH Plus + continuous wave technique (AHC group); AH Plus + single cone technique (AHS group); and Endoseal MTA + single cone technique with ultrasonic activation (EMS) group. Each sealer was labeled with rhodamine B dye to allow visualization under CLSM. The sealer penetration depth in each sample was observed at 2 mm and 5 mm from the apex by using CLSM. The data were statistically analyzed by using analysis of variance or Kruskal-Wallis H test according to normality of variable (α = 0.05). RESULTS In all groups, the maximum sealer penetration depth, mean fluorescence intensity, and sum fluorescence intensity values were higher at the 5-mm level than at the 2-mm level. At the 5-mm level, the EMS group showed the lowest value (p = 0.02). At the 2-mm level, there were no statistically significant differences among any of the groups. The AHC group showed higher values than the other groups, but there was no statistically significant difference in the apical area where access of instruments was difficult. CONCLUSION The AHC group showed the highest dentinal tubule penetration, but had questionable filing efficacy in the apical area, which is of particular importance for the success of root canal treatment. Therefore, in areas such as the apical 2 mm of premolars with type II canals, which are difficult to access by using instruments such as heat carriers, other appropriate approaches may be required accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dani Song
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Yang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Dastorani M, Malekpour B, AminSobhani M, Alemrajabi M, Mahdian A, Malekpour B. Comparison of bacterial microleakage of three bioactive endodontic sealers in simulated underwater diving and aviation conditions. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:345. [PMID: 34266421 PMCID: PMC8283829 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01699-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial microleakage is an important cause of apical periodontitis and endodontic treatment failure. This study aimed to assess the bacterial microleakage of nano-mineral trioxide aggregate (nano-MTA) as a sealer, Endoseal MTA, and GuttaFlow Bioseal sealers in atmospheric pressure, and simulated underwater diving and aviation conditions. METHODS In this in vitro, experimental study, 180 extracted single-rooted teeth were cleaned and shaped, and were then randomly divided into three groups for single-cone obturation using Endoseal MTA, GuttaFlow Bioseal, or nano-MTA as a sealer. Each group was then randomly divided into three subgroups, and subjected to ambient atmospheric pressure, 2 atm pressure (to simulate underwater diving), and 0.5 atm pressure (to simulate aviation) using a custom-made pressure chamber. The teeth then underwent microbial leakage test using Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), and the percentage of samples showing microleakage was recorded for up to 1 month, and analyzed using the Chi-square test. RESULTS The three sealer groups were significantly different regarding bacterial microleakage (P < 0.05). The nano-MTA group showed significantly higher microleakage after 15 days than the other two groups (P = 0.006). The effect of pressure on bacterial microleakage was not significant in any sealer group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this in vitro study, it may be concluded that single-cone obturation technique using nano-MTA as a sealer results in lower resistance to bacterial microleakage compared with the use of GuttaFlow Bioseal, and Endoseal MTA. Pressure changes in simulated underwater diving and aviation conditions had no significant effect on bacterial microleakage. Trial Registration Number This is not a human subject research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Dastorani
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, AJA University of Medical Sciences, End of 13th East St., Ajodanieh, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnam Malekpour
- School of Dentistry, AJA University of Medical Sciences, End of 13th East St., Ajodanieh, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen AminSobhani
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, AJA University of Medical Sciences, End of 13th East St., Ajodanieh, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadsadegh Alemrajabi
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, AJA University of Medical Science, End of 13th East St., Ajodanieh, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezoo Mahdian
- Orthodontic Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Qom Abad, Ghasrodasht St., 713451836 Shiraz, Iran
| | - Behrooz Malekpour
- School of Dentistry, AJA University of Medical Sciences, End of 13th East St., Ajodanieh, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Prosthodontics, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Isfahan Azad University, University Blvd, Arqavanieh, Jey Street, P.O.Box: 81595-158, Isfahan, Iran
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Comparison of the Effects of a Bioceramic and Conventional Resin-Based Sealers on Postoperative Pain after Nonsurgical Root Canal Treatment: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Study. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14102661. [PMID: 34069521 PMCID: PMC8161030 DOI: 10.3390/ma14102661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background: This clinical trial aimed to compare the effects of bioceramic sealer and resin-based sealer on the incidence and intensity of postoperative pain. Methods: Patients with anterior teeth or premolars requiring root canal treatment were assigned to group 1 (n = 51). Those with molars requiring treatment were assigned to group 2 (n = 57). In groups 1En and 2En, root canals were obturated with Endoseal MTA using the single-cone technique. In groups 1AH and 2AH, the sealer used was AH Plus with the continuous wave technique. On the day of canal filling, each patient was instructed to indicate their pain intensity over the 7 day postoperative period, at rest and, while biting, using a visual analog scale. Results: There was no significant difference in the incidence or intensity of postoperative pain between the Endoseal MTA and AH Plus groups during the 7 day postoperative period (p > 0.05). Less time was needed to seal the root canals with Endoseal MTA, especially in group 2 (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Endoseal MTA and AH Plus had similar effects on the incidence and intensity of postoperative pain. The obturation time was shorter when using Endoseal MTA compared to AH Plus.
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Kalantar Motamedi MR, Mortaheb A, Zare Jahromi M, Gilbert BE. Micro-CT Evaluation of Four Root Canal Obturation Techniques. SCANNING 2021; 2021:6632822. [PMID: 33717394 PMCID: PMC7932785 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6632822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the quality of four root canal obturation techniques using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 36 mandibular first premolars with mostly round canals were decoronated, then instrumented up to a size F3 rotary file, and dressed with an epoxy resin-based sealer. Subsequently, they were divided into 4 different groups (n = 9) based on the method of obturation: lateral condensation using 0.02 tapered master cone (LC2), lateral condensation using 0.04 tapered master cone (LC4), matched single-cone technique (MS), and matched single cone-mediated ultrasonic activation (MSUA). All the teeth were scanned using micro-CT (resolution of 19 μm), and the percentage volume of voids was calculated. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey test were used to analyze the data (α = 0.05). RESULTS The total percentage volume of voids was significantly lower in the MSUA group compared to all other groups (P < 0.05). The total percentage volume of voids was significantly lower in the MS group compared to the LC4 (P < 0.001) and LC2 (P < 0.001) groups. However, there was no significant difference between the LC2 and LC4 groups (P < 0.65). CONCLUSIONS MSUA, significantly, showed the least root canal filling voids amongst all the obturation techniques studied. MSUA can be considered an effective method for the filling of the round root canals. In general, lateral condensation using either 0.02 or 0.04 tapered master cones had significantly the highest volume percentage of voids amongst the experimental groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amin Mortaheb
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Zare Jahromi
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Brett E. Gilbert
- Department of Endodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Singla M, Panghal S. Comparative evaluation of sealing ability of three bioactive obturation materials: A bacterial leakage study. ENDODONTOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/endo.endo_90_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Real-time nanoleakage and the flow characteristics of calcium silicate root canal filling materials. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 112:104111. [PMID: 33002747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the real-time nanoleakage and flow characteristics of calcium silicate-based (Ca-Si) root canal filling materials. Extracted human teeth (n = 30) were decoronated and standardized in their inner and outer dimensions. After root canal enlargement, the roots were filled with gutta-percha (GP) and AH26 sealer, GP and EndoSeal MTA sealer, or Biodentine. The roots were connected to a Nanoflow device (IB Systems) under hydrostatic pressure (40 cm∙H2O) and fluid flow was traced through the filled roots. Data were detected at the nanoscale twice per second and automatically recorded in units of nL/s. Leakage was quantified as the mean slope until the curve plateaued over time, and all static flow intervals lasting longer than 1 s were analyzed to identify any increase in flow and duration. Data were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The calculated leakage values were 0.0670 ± 0.0516 nL/s for GP/AH26, 0.1397 ± 0.1579 nL/s for GP/EndoSeal MTA, and 0.0358 ± 0.0538 nL/s for Biodentine, with no statistically significant differences among the root filling materials (P > 0.05). An analysis of real-time flow data for 1000 s to identify spot trends and the overall tendency of flow until a plateau was reached revealed a stepwise increase in the roots filled with Ca-Si material, whereas the GP/AH26-filled roots showed a linear increase. Real-time measurements under hydrostatic pressure with the Nanoflow device enabled precise fluid flow tracing through the root canal filling material. In terms of nanoleakage, the tested root canal filling materials showed no significant differences, while the real-time flow patterns of roots filled with Ca-Si material showed different characteristics from those of GP/AH26-filled roots.
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Main and Accessory Canal Filling Quality of a Premixed Calcium Silicate Endodontic Sealer According to Different Obturation Techniques. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13194389. [PMID: 33019753 PMCID: PMC7579472 DOI: 10.3390/ma13194389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of different obturation techniques on the main and accessory canal filling quality of a premixed calcium silicate endodontic sealer (Endoseal TCS). We also highlighted the validity of the methods used for evaluating the canal filling quality. Thirty single-rooted premolars were used for the main canal filling and 75 were used for accessory canal filling. The canals were instrumented and randomly divided into three groups according to the filling techniques: (1) single-cone technique (SC), (2) single-cone with ultrasonic activation (SU), and (3) warm vertical compaction (WV). Voids in relation to the root canal fillings were assessed using cross-section images from microcomputed tomography (μCT) scans or transversely sectioned tooth specimens (n = 10). After demineralization and clearing of the teeth, the incidence, number, and completeness of the accessory canal fillings were evaluated (n = 25). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc test was used for the evaluation of the voids in the main root canal and the incidence and number of filled accessory canals. Pearson's chi-squared (χ2) test was used for the evaluation of the filling completeness (α = 0.05). In the stereomicroscopic evaluation of the sectioned specimen, the SC group had significantly higher void occurrence than the other groups (p < 0.05), although there was no difference between groups in the μCT evaluation. However, there was no difference between the SU and WV. There was no difference between all the groups regarding the incidence, number, and completeness of the accessory canal fillings. When the premixed calcium silicate sealer is used with SC, the ultrasonic activation is recommended to obtain a better main canal filling quality. In contrast, the obturation techniques did not affect the accessory canal filling. We also recommend using the sectioning method when the void formation in the root canal filling materials is evaluated.
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Lim M, Jung C, Shin DH, Cho YB, Song M. Calcium silicate-based root canal sealers: a literature review. Restor Dent Endod 2020; 45:e35. [PMID: 32839716 PMCID: PMC7431927 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2020.45.e35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epoxy resin-based sealers are currently widely used, and several studies have considered AH Plus to be the gold-standard sealer. However, it still has limitations, including possible mutagenicity, cytotoxicity, inflammatory response, and hydrophobicity. Drawing upon the advantages of mineral trioxide aggregate, calcium silicate-based sealers were introduced with high levels of biocompatibility and hydrophilicity. Because of the hydrophilic environment in root canals, water resorption and solubility of root canal sealers are important factors contributing to their stability. Sealers displaying lower microleakage and stronger push-out bond strength are also needed to endure the dynamic tooth environment. Although the physical properties of calcium silicate-based sealers meet International Organization for Standardization recommendations, and they have consistently reported to be biocompatible, they have not overcome conventional resin-based sealers in actual practice. Therefore, further studies aiming to improve the physical properties of calcium silicate-based sealers are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyoung Lim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Chanyong Jung
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Shin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Yong-bum Cho
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Minju Song
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
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Safai P, Farzaneh B, Fekrazad R. The effects of pressure in vitro on three methods of root canal obturation. Diving Hyperb Med 2019; 49:16-20. [PMID: 30856663 DOI: 10.28920/dhm49.1.16-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The seal of root canal fillings depends on the anatomy of the root canal system and on the properties of filling materials and their bond to the walls of the root canal. Alterations in pressure may influence these properties. The current study investigated and compared microleakage in a tapered single-cone method versus lateral and vertical condensation after diving simulation. METHODS One hundred and thirty five extracted single-rooted teeth were used. Following instrumentation and irrigation to #30.06 Mtwo rotary system, obturations were performed in three groups of 45 teeth: Group 1, tapered single-cone with Endoseal MTA sealer; Group 2, lateral condensation with AH26 sealer; Group 3, vertical condensation with AH26 sealer. Then all specimens were divided into three groups and incubated at ambient room pressure (101.3 kPa), 203 kPa or 304 kPa for 120 minutes respectively 20 times over one month to simulate diving conditions. Microleakage quantitative analysis was recorded by using a 2% Methylene blue dye for 24 hours. RESULTS The amounts of microleakage increased with increasing pressure in all obturation groups; however, the differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). At all three pressures, the least microleakage was recorded in Group 3, vertical condensation. Although the differences between vertical condensation, lateral condensation, and tapered single-cone methods were statistically significant (P < 0.001), the vertical condensation and lateral condensation groups did not differ from each other (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Vertical condensation may be the best technique, based on sealing ability, for people who frequently experience pressure alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooria Safai
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Farzaneh
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Corresponding author: Babak Farzaneh, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Faculty - Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran.,International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran
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Adl A, Sadat Shojaee N, Pourhatami N. Evaluation of the Dislodgement Resistance of a New Pozzolan-Based Cement (EndoSeal MTA) Compared to ProRoot MTA and Biodentine in the Presence and Absence of Blood. SCANNING 2019; 2019:3863069. [PMID: 31210836 PMCID: PMC6532292 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3863069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This in vitro study investigated the dislodgement resistance of EndoSeal MTA, a new pozzolan-containing calcium silicate-based material, in comparison with ProRoot MTA and Biodentine in the presence and absence of contamination with blood. METHODS Standard furcal perforations were created in 180 human mandibular first molars. The teeth were randomly allocated to 12 groups of 15 each. ProRoot MTA, Biodentine, and EndoSeal MTA were used to repair the perforations. In half of the samples, the walls of the perforated areas were contaminated with blood, whereas saline was injected into the other half. A push-out test was performed using a universal testing machine after 24 hours or 7 days. To evaluate failure patterns, the samples were split into half and were examined under a stereomicroscope at a 20x magnification. Data were analyzed using three-way analysis of variance, Tukey test, and Student's t-test. RESULTS At both time intervals and in the presence and absence of contamination with blood, ProRoot MTA and Biodentine had significantly higher retention values than EndoSeal MTA (p < 0.001). Contamination with blood had no effect on EndoSeal MTA; however, it negatively affected the dislodgement resistance of Biodentine at 24 hours and ProRoot MTA at both time intervals (p < 0.05). Time significantly affected only the bond strength of the uncontaminated groups (p > 0.001). The most common type of failure was mixed for ProRoot MTA and Biodentine, whereas it was cohesive for EndoSeal MTA. CONCLUSIONS ProRoot MTA and Biodentine showed higher values of bond strength than EndoSeal MTA and may thus be better options for the repair of root perforations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Adl
- Department of Endodontics, Biomaterials Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nooshin Sadat Shojaee
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Pourhatami
- Postgraduate Student of Endodontics, Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Kim Y, Kim BS, Kim YM, Lee D, Kim SY. The Penetration Ability of Calcium Silicate Root Canal Sealers into Dentinal Tubules Compared to Conventional Resin-Based Sealer: A Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy Study. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12030531. [PMID: 30754612 PMCID: PMC6385034 DOI: 10.3390/ma12030531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the penetration ability of calcium silicate root canal sealers and conventional resin-based sealer using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). A total of 60 recently extracted single-rooted human premolars were used in this study. The root canals were prepared to a size 40/0.06 taper with ProFile rotary instruments and irrigated with NaOCl and EDTA. After drying all canals, the specimens were randomly divided into three experimental groups (n = 20): Group 1, gutta-percha (GP)/AH Plus with continuous wave compaction; group 2, GP/BioRoot RCS with a single-cone technique; and group 3, GP/Endoseal MTA with a single-cone technique. All experimental samples were sectioned perpendicular to their long axis using a low-speed diamond wheel at the apical, middle, and coronal third levels. The penetration abilities of all samples were evaluated using CLSM. A Kruskal⁻Wallis analysis and a series of Mann⁻Whitney U post hoc tests were performed. A higher intensity level was found in the coronal area and a lower intensity level in the apical area in all the experimental groups. The AH Plus group showed higher sum fluorescence intensity in the apical and coronal thirds compared with the BioRoot RCS and Endoseal MTA groups, whereas the BioRoot RCS group showed a higher intensity level in the middle third, similar to the AH Plus group. The maximum sealer penetration depth was low in the apical area and high in the coronal area in the AH Plus and Endoseal MTA groups. In the BioRoot RCS group, maximum sealer penetration was observed in the middle third. In conclusion, there were significant differences in sealer penetration pattern and distance according to the root level and sealer type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yemi Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Korea.
| | - Ban-Suk Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Seoul St. Mary's Dental Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.
| | - Yong-Min Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Seoul St. Mary's Dental Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.
| | - Donghee Lee
- College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.
| | - Sin-Young Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Seoul St. Mary's Dental Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.
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Kim SR, Kwak SW, Lee J, Goo H, Ha J, Kim H. Efficacy and retrievability of root canal filling using calcium silicate‐based and epoxy resin‐based root canal sealers with matched obturation techniques. AUST ENDOD J 2019; 45:337-345. [DOI: 10.1111/aej.12323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seo Ryeong Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry School of Dentistry Dental Research Institute Pusan National University Yangsan Korea
| | - Sang Won Kwak
- Department of Conservative Dentistry School of Dentistry Dental Research Institute Pusan National University Yangsan Korea
- Department of Conservative Dentistry School of Dentistry IHBR Kyungpook National University Daegu Korea
| | - Ju‐Kyung Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry School of Dentistry Dental Research Institute Pusan National University Yangsan Korea
| | - Hye‐Jin Goo
- Department of Conservative Dentistry School of Dentistry Dental Research Institute Pusan National University Yangsan Korea
| | - Jung‐Hong Ha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry School of Dentistry IHBR Kyungpook National University Daegu Korea
| | - Hyeon‐Cheol Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry School of Dentistry Dental Research Institute Pusan National University Yangsan Korea
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Endodontic sealers based on calcium silicates: a systematic review. Odontology 2018; 107:421-436. [DOI: 10.1007/s10266-018-0400-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Comparing the Ability of Different Materials and Techniques in Filling Artificial Internal Resorption Cavities. Eur Endod J 2018; 4:21-27. [PMID: 32161882 PMCID: PMC7006561 DOI: 10.14744/eej.2018.13008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This ex vivo study aims to investigate the root filling quality of warm vertical technique, single-cone technique with GuttaFlow2, Endoseal MTA and EndoSequence BC sealer as a sealer in artificial internal resorption cavity. Methods For this study, 40 human single-root teeth were selected. After root preparation, the roots were horizontally sectioned 7 mm from the apex. The hemisphere cavities were created on both sides, and then they were re-approximated. According to filling methods and materials, the samples were randomly as-signed to four experimental groups: I: warm vertical compaction technique (WVC), II: single-cone technique with GuttaFlow2 (GF), III: single-cone technique with Endoseal MTA sealer (EM), IV: single-cone technique with EndoSequence BC sealer (ES). Filled roots were radiographed in buccolingual and mesiodistal views to check the obturation, and stored in humid environment at the room temperature for 7 days. Each tooth was sectioned 7 mm from the root apex at the level of the previous cut, and it was then photographed un-der stereomicroscope. The photographs and radiographs of all samples were imported to an image-analysis software to calculate the percentage of sealer, gutta-percha, and voids. The results were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis Dunn's tests. Results In buccolingual view of radiographs, the WVC and EM groups showed significantly lower percent-age of voids (P value<0.05) compared to that in the GF group. In mesiodistal view, the WVC and EM groups showed significantly lower percentage of voids (P value<0.05) compared to that in the GF and ES groups. In stereomicroscope evaluation, the WVC and EM groups showed significantly lower percentage of voids (P value<0.05) compared to that in the GF and ES groups. The differences observed between the WVC and EM groups (P value>0.05) or between the GF and ES groups (P value>0.05) were not significant. Conclusion WVC technique and single-cone technique with EM sealer are the optimum methods to fill ar-tificial resorption cavities.
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Novel Calcium Zirconate Silicate Cement Biomineralize and Seal Root Canals. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11040588. [PMID: 29641475 PMCID: PMC5951472 DOI: 10.3390/ma11040588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the sealing ability of gutta-percha (GP) with a calcium silicate-based sealer and a novel calcium zirconate containing calcium silicate cement (ZC). The root canals of the extracted premolars were prepared, which were then randomly allocated to three experimental groups (12 root canals per group) for obturation by continuous wave of condensation with the GP and AH 26 sealer (CW); obturation using a single GP with a calcium silicate-based EndoSequence BC sealer (SC); or obturation with ZC. The roots were inserted into sterile Eppendorf tubes, which were inoculated coronally with Porphyromonas gingivalis. The amount of endotoxin leakage into the apical reservoirs were measured using the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) assay over 21 days, with comparisons made using one-way ANOVA and Scheffe’s tests (α = 0.05). After 21 days, 75% of the canals that had been obturated by SC, 50% of those obturated by CW and 42% of those obturated by ZC showed endotoxin leakage. The amount of leakage was higher in the SC canals than in the CW (p = 0.031) or ZC (p = 0.03) canals, although there was no significant difference in the amount of leakage for CW and ZC (p > 0.05). X-ray diffraction revealed the presence of tricalcium silicate (Ca3SiO5) and calcium zirconate (CaZrO3) in the synthesized ZC. Scanning electron microscopy revealed mineralized precipitates on the dentin of canals obturated by ZC. The novel calcium zirconate silicate cement appears to promote biomineralization and seal root canals at least as effectively as the conventional sealer.
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20
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Suassuna FCM, Maia AMA, Melo DP, Antonino ACD, Gomes ASL, Bento PM. Comparison of microtomography and optical coherence tomography on apical endodontic filling analysis. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2018; 47:20170174. [PMID: 29106310 PMCID: PMC5965905 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20170174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To comparein vitro differences in the apical filling regarding working length (WL) change and presence of voids and to validate optical coherence tomography (OCT) in comparison with computerized microtomography (µCT) for the detection of failures in the apical filling. METHODS Forty-five uniradicular teeth with round canals, divided into groups (n = 15) following the obturation protocols: LC (lateral condensation), TMC (thermomechanical compaction) and SC (single cone). Samples were scanned using µCT (parameters: 80 kV, 222 µA, and resolution of 11 µm), OCT (parameters: SSOCT, 1300 nm and axial resolution of 12 µm), and periapical digital radiography. The images were analyzsed by two blind and calibrated observers using ImageJ software to measure the boundary of the obturation WL and voids presence. Categorical and metric data were submitted to inferential analysis, and the validity of the OCT as a diagnostic test was assessed with performance and reliability tests. RESULTS The WL average remained constant for all obturation techniques and image methods. OCT showed adequate sensitivity and specificity to detect voids in the WL of apical obturations in vitro in comparison with µCT. Both image methods found a higher number of voids for LC technique (µCT p = 0.011/OCT p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS OCT can be used in apical obturation voids assessment and the LC technique revealed more voids with larger dimensions.
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Root Canal Filling Quality of a Premixed Calcium Silicate Endodontic Sealer Applied Using Gutta-percha Cone-mediated Ultrasonic Activation. J Endod 2018; 44:133-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Yang DK, Kim S, Park JW, Kim E, Shin SJ. Different Setting Conditions Affect Surface Characteristics and Microhardness of Calcium Silicate-Based Sealers. SCANNING 2018; 2018:7136345. [PMID: 29576841 PMCID: PMC5822761 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7136345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of different setting conditions on surface microhardness and setting properties of calcium silicate-based sealers. METHODS Three sealers, EndoSequence Bioceramic (BC; Brasseler USA, Savannah, GA, USA), Endoseal MTA (ES; Maruchi, Wonju, Korea), and Well-Root ST (WR; Vericom, Chuncheon, Korea), were compared. Specimens were exposed to either butyric acid (pH 5.4) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS [pH 7.4]) for 48 h and stored at 100% humidity for 12 days. The control specimens were stored at 100% humidity for 14 days. Surface microhardness was measured, topographic changes were observed, and phase analysis was performed using X-ray diffraction. Microhardness according to storage conditions was compared using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's multiple comparison tests (P < .05). RESULTS The BC and ES sealers exhibited decreased microhardness when stored in acid or PBS compared with control (P < .05). In the WR group, acid exposure lowered microhardness of the specimens compared with control (P < .05). Scanning electron microscopy revealed different topographies in specimens from all tested sealers exposed to acid or PBS. CONCLUSION The surface microhardness of calcium silicate-based sealers was reduced by exposure to either acid or PBS. Acid solutions, however, had a more detrimental effect than PBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Kyu Yang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, 211 Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-720, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunil Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Won Park
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, 211 Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-720, Republic of Korea
| | - Euiseong Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jung Shin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, 211 Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-720, Republic of Korea
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Evaluation of the interface between gutta-percha and two types of sealers using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Clin Oral Investig 2017; 22:1631-1639. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2216-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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24
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Tonea A, Badea M, Oana L, Sava S, Vodnar D. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of endodontic intracanal medications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 90:344-347. [PMID: 28781531 PMCID: PMC5536214 DOI: 10.15386/cjmed-750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The sterilization of the entire root canal system represents the main goal of every endodontist, given the fact that the control of the microbial flora is the key point of every root canal treatment. The diversity of microorganisms found inside the root canal and also the resistance of some bacterial species to intracanal medications led to a continuous development of new endodontic products. The present study focuses on the comparison of the antibacterial and antifungal properties of different endodontic products, two commercially available, one experimental plant based extract, and two control substances. METHODS The disc diffusion assay was used to determine the antibacterial and antifungal properties of chlorhexidine, calcium hydroxide, a mix extract between Arctium lappa root powder and Aloe barbadensis Miller gel, Amoxicillin with clavulanic acid and Fluconazole (as control substances). Two of the most common microorganisms found in endodontic infections were chosen: Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) and Candida albicans ATCC(10231). RESULTS All tested substances showed inhibition zones around the discs, for Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans, including the experimental mix extract of Arctium lappa root powder with Aloe vera gel. CONCLUSION The experimental mix extract of Arctium lappa root powder and Aloe vera gel is able to inhibit very resistant microorganisms, like Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrada Tonea
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Materials, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mandra Badea
- Department of Prevention in Dentistry, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Liviu Oana
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Propedeutics, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sorina Sava
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Materials, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dan Vodnar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Silva EJNL, Carvalho NK, Prado MC, Zanon M, Senna PM, Souza EM, De-Deus G. Push-out Bond Strength of Injectable Pozzolan-based Root Canal Sealer. J Endod 2016; 42:1656-1659. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Use of flow cytometry and PCR analysis to detect 5-carboxyfluoroscein-stained obligate intracellular bacteria Lawsonia intracellularis invasion of McCoy cells. J Microbiol Methods 2016; 126:60-6. [PMID: 27154728 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we describe a method to quantify invasion of obligate intracellular bacteria, Lawsonia intracellularis, inside McCoy cells. In immunological research, the cell-permeable fluorescent dye 5'-carboxyfluoroscein succidyl ester (CFSE) is commonly used to quantify eukaryotic cellular proliferation. Instead of using it in this traditional way, we stained L. intracellularis with CFSE dye prior to infection of McCoy cells. Flow cytometry was performed to quantify the percentage of eukaryotic cells which had taken up or were associated with fluorescent bacteria. As obligate intracellular bacteria, they cannot replicate outside of eukaryotic cells and thus qPCR analysis was used to quantify bacterial growth. Indirectly, PCR analysis confirmed invasion rather than adherence to the McCoy cell surface. Fluorescent activated cell sorting (FACS) was used to sort the CFSE(+) (i.e. infected) McCoy cells from the CFSE(-) (i.e. non-infected) McCoy cells and confocal microscopy was used to confirm bacterial invasion and cytosolic localization of CFSE-L. intracellularis. To show that this approach could be used in conjunction with functional assays, we investigated the effect that serum antibodies had on CFSE-bacterial invasion and growth. Instead of blocking invasion, rabbit hyperimmune serum augmented invasion of the bacteria inside McCoy cells and qPCR analysis confirmed bacterial growth over the course of 5days. We conclude that CFSE-labeling of bacteria and qPCR can be used to track and quantify bacterial invasion and may be a valuable tool for studying the invasive properties of bacteria, especially if commercial antibodies are not available. This approach may be adapted for use in other obligate intracellular bacteria and intracellular pathogens.
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