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Gavasso S, Kråkenes T, Olsen H, Evjenth EC, Ytterdal M, Haugsøen JB, Kvistad CE. The Therapeutic Mechanisms of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in MS-A Review Focusing on Neuroprotective Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1365. [PMID: 38338644 PMCID: PMC10855165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In multiple sclerosis (MS), there is a great need for treatment with the ability to suppress compartmentalized inflammation within the central nervous system (CNS) and to promote remyelination and regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a promising therapeutic option, as they have been shown to migrate to the site of CNS injury and exert neuroprotective properties, including immunomodulation, neurotrophic factor secretion, and endogenous neural stem cell stimulation. This review summarizes the current understanding of the underlying neuroprotective mechanisms and discusses the translation of MSC transplantation and their derivatives from pre-clinical demyelinating models to clinical trials with MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Gavasso
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway; (T.K.); (H.O.); (E.C.E.); (J.B.H.); (C.E.K.)
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Torbjørn Kråkenes
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway; (T.K.); (H.O.); (E.C.E.); (J.B.H.); (C.E.K.)
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Håkon Olsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway; (T.K.); (H.O.); (E.C.E.); (J.B.H.); (C.E.K.)
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Claire Evjenth
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway; (T.K.); (H.O.); (E.C.E.); (J.B.H.); (C.E.K.)
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Marie Ytterdal
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway; (T.K.); (H.O.); (E.C.E.); (J.B.H.); (C.E.K.)
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Jonas Bull Haugsøen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway; (T.K.); (H.O.); (E.C.E.); (J.B.H.); (C.E.K.)
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Christopher Elnan Kvistad
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway; (T.K.); (H.O.); (E.C.E.); (J.B.H.); (C.E.K.)
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
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Tang YY, Wang DC, Chen YY, Xu WD, Huang AF. Th1-related transcription factors and cytokines in systemic lupus erythematosus. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1305590. [PMID: 38164134 PMCID: PMC10757975 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1305590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an inflammatory disorder related to immunity dysfunction. The Th1 cell family including Th1 cells, transcription factor T-bet, and related cytokines IFNγ, TNFα, IL-2, IL-18, TGF-β, and IL-12 have been widely discussed in autoimmunity, such as SLE. In this review, we will comprehensively discuss the expression profile of the Th1 cell family in both SLE patients and animal models and clarify how the family members are involved in lupus development. Interestingly, T-bet-related age-associated B cells (ABCs) and low-dose IL-2 treatment in lupus were emergently discussed as well. Collection of the evidence will better understand the roles of the Th1 cell family in lupus pathogenesis, especially targeting IL-2 in lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Yang Tang
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Da-Cheng Wang
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - You-Yue Chen
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Wang-Dong Xu
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - An-Fang Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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Li Z, Wang R, Wang D, Zhang S, Song H, Ding S, Zhu Y, Wen X, Li H, Chen H, Liu S, Sun L. Circulating miR-320b Contributes to CD4+ T-Cell Proliferation in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus via MAP3K1. J Immunol Res 2023; 2023:6696967. [PMID: 37928434 PMCID: PMC10622187 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6696967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the production of autoantibodies and tissue inflammation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising candidate therapy for SLE owing to the immunomodulatory and regenerative properties. Circulating miRNAs are small, single-stranded noncoding RNAs in a variety of body fluids that regulate numerous immunologic and inflammatory pathways. Recent studies have revealed many differentially expressed circulating miRNAs in autoimmune diseases including SLE. However, the role of circulating miRNAs in SLE has not been extensively studied. Here, we performed small RNA sequencing analysis to compare the circulating miRNA profiles of SLE patients before and after MSC transplantation (MSCT), and identified a significant decrease of circulating miR-320b level during MSCT. Importantly, we found that the expression of circulating miR-320b and its target gene MAP3K1 was closely associated with SLE disease activity. The in vitro experiments showed that decreased MAP3K1 level in SLE peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was involved in CD4+ T-cell proliferation. In MRL/lpr mice, miR-320b overexpression aggravated symptoms of SLE, while miR-320b inhibition could promote disease remission. Besides, MSCs regulate miR-320b/MAP3K1 expression both in vitro and in vivo. Our results suggested that circulating miR-320b and MAP3K1 may be involved in CD4+ T-cell proliferation in SLE. This trial is registered with NCT01741857.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zutong Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rou Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shujie Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Song
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuai Ding
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yantong Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hongwei Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingyun Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Maldonado VV, Patel NH, Smith EE, Barnes CL, Gustafson MP, Rao RR, Samsonraj RM. Clinical utility of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells in regenerative medicine and cellular therapy. J Biol Eng 2023; 17:44. [PMID: 37434264 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-023-00361-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have been carefully examined to have tremendous potential in regenerative medicine. With their immunomodulatory and regenerative properties, MSCs have numerous applications within the clinical sector. MSCs have the properties of multilineage differentiation, paracrine signaling, and can be isolated from various tissues, which makes them a key candidate for applications in numerous organ systems. To accentuate the importance of MSC therapy for a range of clinical indications, this review highlights MSC-specific studies on the musculoskeletal, nervous, cardiovascular, and immune systems where most trials are reported. Furthermore, an updated list of the different types of MSCs used in clinical trials, as well as the key characteristics of each type of MSCs are included. Many of the studies mentioned revolve around the properties of MSC, such as exosome usage and MSC co-cultures with other cell types. It is worth noting that MSC clinical usage is not limited to these four systems, and MSCs continue to be tested to repair, regenerate, or modulate other diseased or injured organ systems. This review provides an updated compilation of MSCs in clinical trials that paves the way for improvement in the field of MSC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitali V Maldonado
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 790 W Dickson St, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Neel H Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 790 W Dickson St, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Emma E Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 790 W Dickson St, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - C Lowry Barnes
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | | | - Raj R Rao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 790 W Dickson St, Fayetteville, AR, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Rebekah M Samsonraj
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 790 W Dickson St, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
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Mesenchymal stem cells and connective tissue diseases: From bench to bedside. J Transl Int Med 2022. [PMID: 37533846 PMCID: PMC10393058 DOI: 10.2478/jtim-2022-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The pathogenesis of connective tissue diseases (CTDs), represented by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic sclerosis (SSc), primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS), and idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM), includes various immune cells involved in both innate and adaptive immunity. The mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are unique due to their regulatory effect on immunity. This makes them a promising therapeutic approach for patients with immune-mediated disorders such as CTD. The safety and clinical efficacy of MSC treatment in CTD have been tested in a growing number of preclinical and clinical studies. Administration of MSCs has consistently shown benefits with both symptomatic and histologic improvement in CTD animal models. MSC therapies in severe and drug-resistant CTD patients have shown promise in a number of the pilot studies, cohort studies, and randomized controlled trials in SLE, RA, and SSc, but some problems still need to be resolved in the transition from the bench to the bedside. The relevant studies in pSS and IIM are still in their infancy, but have displayed encouraging outcomes. Considerable efficacy variations have been observed in terms of the route of delivery, time of MSC injection, origin of the MSCs and dosage. Furthermore, the optimization of conventional drugs combined with MSC therapies and the applications of novel cell engineering approaches requires additional research. In this review, we summarize the current evidence about the immunoregulatory mechanism of MSCs, as well as the preclinical and clinical studies of MSC-based therapy for the treatment of CTDs.
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Yao G, Qi J, Li X, Tang X, Li W, Chen W, Xia N, Wang S, Sun L. Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation alleviated atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus through reducing MDSCs. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:328. [PMID: 35850768 PMCID: PMC9290280 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03002-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The mechanism by which mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation alleviates atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remains elusive. In this study, we aim to explore the efficacy and mechanism of MSC in ameliorating atherosclerosis in SLE. Methods ApoE−/− and Fas−/− mice on the B6 background were cross-bred to generate SLE mice with atherosclerosis. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) were sorted and quantified. The apoE−/−Fas−/− mice were either treated with anti-Gr antibody or injected with MDSCs. The lupus-like autoimmunity and atherosclerotic lesions were evaluated. Furthermore, the apoE−/−Fas−/− mice were transplanted with MSCs and lupus-like autoimmunity and atherosclerotic lesions were assessed. Results MDSCs in peripheral blood, spleen, draining lymph nodes increased in apoE−/−Fas−/− mice compared with B6 mice. Moreover, the adoptive transfer of MDSCs aggravated both atherosclerosis and SLE pathologies, whereas depleting MDSCs ameliorated those pathologies in apoE−/−Fas−/− mice. MSC transplantation in apoE−/−Fas−/− mice decreased the percentage of MDSCs, alleviated the typical atherosclerotic lesions, including atherosclerotic lesions in aortae and liver, and reduced serum cholesterol, triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein levels. MSC transplantation also reduced SLE pathologies, including splenomegaly, glomerular lesions, anti-dsDNA antibody in serum, urine protein and serum creatinine. Moreover, MSC transplantation regulated the generation and function of MDSCs through secreting prostaglandin E 2 (PGE2). Conclusion Taken together, these results indicated that the increased MDSCs contributed to atherosclerosis in SLE. MSC transplantation ameliorated the atherosclerosis and SLE through reducing MDSCs by secreting PGE2. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-03002-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genhong Yao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jingjing Qi
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China.,Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xiaojun Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Wenchao Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Nan Xia
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Shiying Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Lingyun Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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Quaglia M, Merlotti G, Fornara L, Colombatto A, Cantaluppi V. Extracellular Vesicles Released from Stem Cells as a New Therapeutic Strategy for Primary and Secondary Glomerulonephritis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105760. [PMID: 35628570 PMCID: PMC9142886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatment of primary and secondary glomerulopathies is hampered by many limits and a significant proportion of these disorders still evolves towards end-stage renal disease. A possible answer to this unmet challenge could be represented by therapies with stem cells, which include a variety of progenitor cell types derived from embryonic or adult tissues. Stem cell self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation ability explain their potential to protect and regenerate injured cells, including kidney tubular cells, podocytes and endothelial cells. In addition, a broad spectrum of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory actions appears to interfere with the pathogenic mechanisms of glomerulonephritis. Of note, mesenchymal stromal cells have been particularly investigated as therapy for Lupus Nephritis and Diabetic Nephropathy, whereas initial evidence suggest their beneficial effects in primary glomerulopathies such as IgA nephritis. Extracellular vesicles mediate a complex intercellular communication network, shuttling proteins, nucleic acids and other bioactive molecules from origin to target cells to modulate their functions. Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles recapitulate beneficial cytoprotective, reparative and immunomodulatory properties of parental cells and are increasingly recognized as a cell-free alternative to stem cell-based therapies for different diseases including glomerulonephritis, also considering the low risk for potential adverse effects such as maldifferentiation and tumorigenesis. We herein summarize the renoprotective potential of therapies with stem cells and extracellular vesicles derived from progenitor cells in glomerulonephritis, with a focus on their different mechanisms of actions. Technological progress and growing knowledge are paving the way for wider clinical application of regenerative medicine to primary and secondary glomerulonephritis: this multi-level, pleiotropic therapy may open new scenarios overcoming the limits and side effects of traditional treatments, although the promising results of experimental models need to be confirmed in the clinical setting.
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Gilkeson GS. Safety and Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Other Cellular Therapeutics in Rheumatic Diseases in 2022: A review of what we know so far. Arthritis Rheumatol 2022; 74:752-765. [PMID: 35128813 DOI: 10.1002/art.42081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Although there are a number of new immunosuppressives and biologics approved for treating various autoimmune/inflammatory rheumatic diseases, there remain a substantial number of patients who have no clinical response or limited clinical response to these available treatments. Use of cellular therapies is a novel approach for the treatment of autoimmune/inflammatory rheumatic diseases with perhaps enhanced efficacy and less toxicity than current therapies. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplants were the first foray into cellular therapies with proven efficacy in scleroderma and multiple sclerosis. Newer yet unproven cellular therapies include allogenic mesenchymal stromal cells, shown effective in graft vs host disease and in healing of Crohn's fistulas. CAR-T cells are effective in various malignancies with possible usage in rheumatic diseases, as shown in preclinical studies in murine lupus and recently in human lupus. T regulatory cells are one of the master controllers of the immune response and are decreased in number and/or effectiveness in specific autoimmune diseases. Expansion of autologous T regulatory cells is an attractive approach to controlling autoimmunity. There are a number of other regulatory cells in the immune system including regulatory B cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, and other T cell types that are early in development. In this review, the current evidence for efficacy and mechanisms of actions of cellular therapies already in use or in clinical trials in human autoimmune diseases will be discussed including limitations of these therapies and potential side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary S Gilkeson
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.,Medical Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson VAMC, Charleston, SC
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Huang F, Thokerunga E, He F, Zhu X, Wang Z, Tu J. Research progress of the application of mesenchymal stem cells in chronic inflammatory systemic diseases. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:1. [PMID: 34998430 PMCID: PMC8742935 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02613-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory systemic diseases are the result of the body's immune imbalance, with a long course and recurring episodes. Immunosuppressants are the main treatment, but not all patients respond well to it. Being capable of both self-renewal and differentiation into multiple tissue cells and low immunogenicity, mesenchymal stem cell is a promising treatment for chronic inflammatory systemic diseases. In this article, we describe the research progress and clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells in chronic inflammatory systemic diseases and look for influencing factors and biomarkers that can predict the outcome of patient with mesenchymal stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Huang
- Program and Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Erick Thokerunga
- Program and Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Fajian He
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Xinyu Zhu
- Program and Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zi Wang
- Program and Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jiancheng Tu
- Program and Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Calcat-i-Cervera S, Sanz-Nogués C, O'Brien T. When Origin Matters: Properties of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells From Different Sources for Clinical Translation in Kidney Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:728496. [PMID: 34616756 PMCID: PMC8488400 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.728496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) offer new prospects to improve the treatment of conditions with unmet medical needs. Kidney diseases are a current major health concern with an increasing global prevalence. Chronic renal failure appears after many years of impairment, which opens a temporary window to apply novel therapeutic approaches to delay or halt disease progression. The immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and pro-regenerative properties of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have sparked interest for their use in cell-based regenerative therapies. Currently, several early-phase clinical trials have been completed and many are ongoing to explore MSC safety and efficacy in a wide range of nephropathies. However, one of the current roadblocks to the clinical translation of MSC therapies relates to the lack of standardization and harmonization of MSC manufacturing protocols, which currently hinders inter-study comparability. Studies have shown that cell culture processing variables can have significant effects on MSC phenotype and functionality, and these are highly variable across laboratories. In addition, heterogeneity within MSC populations is another obstacle. Furthermore, MSCs may be isolated from several sources which adds another variable to the comparative assessment of outcomes. There is now a growing body of literature highlighting unique and distinctive properties of MSCs according to the tissue origin, and that characteristics such as donor, age, sex and underlying medical conditions may alter the therapeutic effect of MSCs. These variables must be taken into consideration when developing a cell therapy product. Having an optimal scale-up strategy for MSC manufacturing is critical for ensuring product quality while minimizing costs and time of production, as well as avoiding potential risks. Ideally, optimal scale-up strategies must be carefully considered and identified during the early stages of development, as making changes later in the bioprocess workflow will require re-optimization and validation, which may have a significant long-term impact on the cost of the therapy. This article provides a summary of important cell culture processing variables to consider in the scale-up of MSC manufacturing as well as giving a comprehensive review of tissue of origin-specific biological characteristics of MSCs and their use in current clinical trials in a range of renal pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Timothy O'Brien
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), CÚRAM, Biomedical Science Building, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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TNF-α and IFN-γ Participate in Improving the Immunoregulatory Capacity of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells: Importance of Cell-Cell Contact and Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179531. [PMID: 34502453 PMCID: PMC8431422 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have an immunoregulatory capacity and have been used in different clinical protocols requiring control of the immune response. However, variable results have been obtained, mainly due to the effect of the microenvironment on the induction, increase, and maintenance of MSC immunoregulatory mechanisms. In addition, the importance of cell–cell contact for MSCs to efficiently modulate the immune response has recently been highlighted. Because these interactions would be difficult to achieve in the physiological context, the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their participation as intermediaries of communication between MSCs and immune cells becomes relevant. Therefore, this article focuses on analyzing immunoregulatory mechanisms mediated by cell contact, highlighting the importance of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and the participation of EVs. Moreover, the effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), the main cytokines involved in MSC activation, are examined. These cytokines, when used at the appropriate concentrations and times, would promote increases in the expression of immunoregulatory molecules in the cell and allow the acquisition of EVs enriched with these molecules. The establishment of certain in vitro activation guidelines will facilitate the design of conditioning protocols to obtain functional MSCs or EVs in different pathophysiological conditions.
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12
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Zayed M, Iohara K, Watanabe H, Ishikawa M, Tominaga M, Nakashima M. Characterization of stable hypoxia-preconditioned dental pulp stem cells compared with mobilized dental pulp stem cells for application for pulp regenerative therapy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:302. [PMID: 34051821 PMCID: PMC8164249 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02240-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have been developed as a potential source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for regeneration of dental pulp and other tissues. However, further strategies to isolate highly functional DPSCs beyond the colony-forming methods are required. We have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of DPSCs isolated by G-CSF-induced mobilization and cultured under normoxia (mobilized DPSCs, MDPSCs) for pulp regeneration. The device for isolation of MDPSCs, however, is not cost-effective and requires a prolonged cell culture period. It is well known that MSCs cultured under hypoxic-preconditions improved MSC proliferation activity and stemness. Therefore, in this investigation, we attempted to improve the clinical utility of DPSCs by hypoxia-preconditioned DPSCs (hpDPSCs) compared with MDPSCs to improve the potential clinical utility for pulp regeneration in endodontic dentistry. Methods Colony-forming DPSCs were isolated and preconditioned with hypoxia in a stable closed cultured system and compared with MDPSCs isolated from the individual dog teeth. We examined the proliferation rate, migration potential, anti-apoptotic activity, and gene expression of the stem cell markers and angiogenic/neurotrophic factors. Trophic effects of the conditioned medium (CM) were also evaluated. In addition, the expression of immunomodulatory molecules upon stimulation with IFN-γ was investigated. The pulp regenerative potential and transplantation safety of hpDPSCs were further assessed in pulpectomized teeth in dogs by histological and immunohistochemical analyses and by chemistry of the blood and urine tests. Results hpDPSCs demonstrated higher proliferation rate and expression of a major regulator of oxygen homeostasis, HIF-1α, and a stem cell marker, CXCR-4. The direct migratory activity of hpDPSCs in response to G-CSF was significantly higher than MDPSCs. The CM of hpDPSCs stimulated neurite extension. However, there were no changes in angiogenic, migration, and anti-apoptotic activities compared with the CM of MDPSCs. The expression of immunomodulatory gene, PTGE was significantly upregulated by IFN gamma in hpDPSCs compared with MDPSCs. However, no difference in nitric oxide was observed. The regenerated pulp tissue was quantitatively and qualitatively similar in hpDPSC transplants compared with MDPSC transplants in dog teeth. There was no evidence of toxicity or adverse events of the hpDPSC transplantation. Conclusions These results demonstrated that the efficacy of hpDPSCs for pulp regeneration was identical, although hpDPSCs improved stem cell properties compared to MDPSCs, suggesting their potential clinical utility for pulp regeneration. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02240-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Zayed
- Research Institute, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430, Morioka, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan.,Department of Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | - Koichiro Iohara
- Research Institute, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430, Morioka, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
| | - Hideto Watanabe
- Institute for Molecular Science of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Mami Ishikawa
- Air Water Group, Aeras Bio Inc., Kobe, Hyogo, 650-047, Japan
| | - Michiyo Tominaga
- Research Institute, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430, Morioka, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
| | - Misako Nakashima
- Research Institute, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430, Morioka, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan. .,Air Water Group, Aeras Bio Inc., Kobe, Hyogo, 650-047, Japan.
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13
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Yang C, Wu M, You M, Chen Y, Luo M, Chen Q. The therapeutic applications of mesenchymal stromal cells from human perinatal tissues in autoimmune diseases. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:103. [PMID: 33541422 PMCID: PMC7859900 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02158-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The autoimmune diseases are characterized by overactivation of immune cells, chronic inflammation, and immune response to self-antigens, leading to the damage and dysfunction of multiple organs. Patients still do not receive desired clinical outcomes while suffer from various adverse effects imparted by current therapies. The therapeutic strategies based on mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) transplantation have become the promising approach for the treatment of autoimmune diseases due to the immunomodulation property of MSCs. MSCs derived from perinatal tissues are collectively known as perinatal MSCs (PMSCs), which can be obtained via painless procedures from donors with lower risk of being contaminated by viruses than those MSCs from adult tissue sources. Therefore, PMSCs may be the ideal cell source for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. This article summarizes recent progress and possible mechanisms of PMSCs in treating autoimmune diseases in animal experiments and clinical studies. This review also presents existing challenges and proposes solutions, which may provide new hints on PMSC transplantation as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan Stem Cell Bank/Sichuan Neo-life Stem Cell Biotech Inc., 15 Jinquan Road, Chengdu, 610036, China.
| | - Mingjun Wu
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan Stem Cell Bank/Sichuan Neo-life Stem Cell Biotech Inc., 15 Jinquan Road, Chengdu, 610036, China
| | - Min You
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan Stem Cell Bank/Sichuan Neo-life Stem Cell Biotech Inc., 15 Jinquan Road, Chengdu, 610036, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan Stem Cell Bank/Sichuan Neo-life Stem Cell Biotech Inc., 15 Jinquan Road, Chengdu, 610036, China
| | - Maowen Luo
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan Stem Cell Bank/Sichuan Neo-life Stem Cell Biotech Inc., 15 Jinquan Road, Chengdu, 610036, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan Stem Cell Bank/Sichuan Neo-life Stem Cell Biotech Inc., 15 Jinquan Road, Chengdu, 610036, China. .,Center for Stem Cell Research & Application, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, China.
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14
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Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Exposed to an Inflammatory Environment Increase the Expression of ICAM-1 and Release Microvesicles Enriched in This Adhesive Molecule: Analysis of the Participation of TNF- α and IFN- γ. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:8839625. [PMID: 33335929 PMCID: PMC7723491 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8839625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BM-MSCs) have immunoregulatory capacity; therefore, they have been used in different clinical protocols in which it is necessary to decrease the immune response. This capacity is mainly regulated by TNF-α and IFN-γ, and it has been observed that cell-cell contact, mainly mediated by ICAM-1, is important for MSCs to carry out efficient immunoregulation. Therefore, in the present work, we analyzed the effect of TNF-α alone or in combination with IFN-γ on the expression of ICAM-1. Besides, given the importance of cell contact in the immunoregulatory function of MSCs, we analyzed whether these cells release ICAM-1+ microvesicles (MVs). Our results show for the first time that TNF-α is capable of increasing the early expression of ICAM-1 in human BM-MSCs. Also, we observed that TNF-α and IFN-γ have a synergistic effect on the increase in the expression of ICAM-1. Furthermore, we found that BM-MSCs exposed to an inflammatory environment release MVs enriched in ICAM-1 (MVs-ICAM-1high). The knowledge generated in this study will contribute to the improvement of in vitro conditioning protocols that favor the therapeutic effect of these cells or their products.
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15
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Liu J, Liu Q, Chen X. The Immunomodulatory Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Regulatory B Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1843. [PMID: 32922398 PMCID: PMC7456948 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been investigated in many preclinical and clinical studies. This potential is dominantly based on the immunosuppressive properties of MSCs. Although the therapeutic profiles of MSC transplantation are still not fully characterized, accumulating evidence has revealed that B cells change after MSC infusion, in particular inducing regulatory B cells (Bregs). The immunosuppressive effects of Bregs have been demonstrated, and these cells are being evaluated as new targets for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. MSCs are capable of educating B cells and inducing regulatory B cell production via cell-to-cell contact, soluble factors, and extracellular vesicles (EVs). These cells thus have the potential to complement each other's immunomodulatory functions, and a combined approach may enable synergistic effects for the treatment of immunological diseases. However, compared with investigations regarding other immune cells, investigations into how MSCs specifically regulate Bregs have been superficial and insufficient. In this review, we discuss the current findings related to the immunomodulatory effects of MSCs on regulatory B cells and provide optimal strategies for applications in immune-related disease treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Liu
- The Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuli Liu
- The Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyong Chen
- The Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Qi J, Tang X, Li W, Chen W, Yao G, Sun L. Mesenchymal stem cells inhibited the differentiation of MDSCs via COX2/PGE2 in experimental sialadenitis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:325. [PMID: 32727564 PMCID: PMC7391592 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01837-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can regulate innate and adaptive immune systems through interacting with immune cells directly and secreting multiple soluble factors. Due to their immunosuppressive properties, MSC transplantation has been applied to treat many clinical and experimental autoimmune diseases. However, the therapeutic effects and mechanisms by which MSCs regulate myeloid cells in Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) still remain elusive. Methods The number and immune-suppressive activity of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), polymorphonuclear MDSCs (PMN-MDSCs), and monocytic MDSCs (M-MDSCs) were determined in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice with sialadenitis and in NOD mice with human umbilical cord-derived MSC (UC-MSC) transplantation. Bone marrow cells were cultured with MSC-conditioned medium (MSC-CM) for 4 days. The number and immune-suppressive gene of MDSCs were detected by flow cytometry or qRT-PCR. Results The results showed that the number of MDSCs and PMN-MDSCs was higher and M-MDSCs were lower in NOD mice with sialadenitis. UC-MSCs ameliorated SS-like syndrome by reducing MDSCs, PMN-MDSCs, and M-MDSCs and promoting the suppressive ability of MDSCs significantly in NOD mice. UC-MSCs inhibited the differentiation of MDSCs. In addition, UC-MSCs enhanced the suppressive ability of MDSCs in vitro. Mechanistically, MSCs inhibited the differentiation of MDSCs and PMN-MDSCs via secreting prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and inhibited the differentiation of M-MDSCs through secreting interferon-β (IFN-β). Conclusions Our findings suggested that MSCs alleviated SS-like symptoms by suppressing the aberrant accumulation and improving the suppressive function of MDSCs in NOD mice with sialadenitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Qi
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China.,Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenchao Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Genhong Yao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lingyun Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Liu Y, Xiao F, Hu X, Tang Z, Fu Z, Liang X, Zeng G, Zeng W, Liao Y, Ren Y, Liu Z, Peng H, Mei Q, Liu M. Recovery and maintenance of NESTIN expression in umbilical cord-MSC using a novel culture medium. AMB Express 2020; 10:132. [PMID: 32725504 PMCID: PMC7387401 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-01067-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are a popular candidate in cellular therapy for many diseases. MSCs are well known by their feature of self-renewal and their differentiation potential. NESTIN is a cytoskeletal protein expressed in MSC that functions directly in cell proliferation and differentiation. Here, we demonstrated that adding UltraGRO, a medium supplement, could maintain and partially recover the expression of NESTIN in human umbilical cord derived MSCs (UC-MSCs). Furthermore, the UC-MSCs cultured with UltraGRO showed a better immunomodulation ability in a colitis mouse model compared with those cultured in other types of media. This indicates that the use of novel culture medium benefits the maintenance of NESTIN expression and NESTIN may be one of the vital factors that regulates the performance of MSCs.
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18
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Li D, Li X, Duan M, Dou Y, Feng Y, Nan N, Zhang W. MiR-153-3p induces immune dysregulation by inhibiting PELI1 expression in umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Autoimmunity 2020; 53:201-209. [PMID: 32321315 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2020.1750011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are identified as a promising tool for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, and several microRNAs (miRNAs) are shown to exhibit vital roles in immune diseases. However, their function and mechanism in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is still unclear. The qRT-PCR analysis was employed to investigate level of miR-153-3p. Subsequently, western blot and luciferase reporter assays were carried out to determine miR-153-3p targets. Cell proliferation and migration were determined using EdU proliferation assays and transwell migration assays. Apoptosis levels were evaluated by annexin V staining and flow cytometry. We used human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) transplantation to treat MRL/lpr mice. It was observed that miR-153-3p was upregulated in patients with SLE, and was closely related to SLE disease activity. Overexpression of miR-153-3p decreased UC-MSCs proliferation and migration, and weakened UC-MSCs-mediated decrease of follicular T helper (Tfh) cells and increase of regulatory T (Treg) cells through repressing PELI1 in vitro. We also found that PELI1 overexpression abolished the function of miR-153-3p on UC-MSCs. Furthermore, miR-153-3p overexpression weakened the therapeutic effect of UC-MSCs in MRL/lpr mice in vivo. Taken together, all data suggested that miR-153-3p is a mediator of SLE UC-MSCs regulation and may function as a new therapeutic target for the treatment of lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Department of Hematopathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University (Xibei Hospital), Xi'an, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Mingyue Duan
- Institute of Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Yufeng Dou
- Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Feng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Nan Nan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Wanggang Zhang
- Department of Hematopathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University (Xibei Hospital), Xi'an, China
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19
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Circulating Exosomes Derived-miR-146a from Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients Regulates Senescence of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:6071308. [PMID: 31428639 PMCID: PMC6679864 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6071308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The senescence of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) plays a crucial role in the development and progression of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Exosomes, small spherical bilayer proteolipid vesicles, contribute to the communication between various cells and their microenvironment by transferring information via their cargo, including the proteins, lipids, and RNAs. While exosomal miRNAs participate in various biological activities, correlations of circulating exosomes with senescent signs of BM-MSCs remain unclear. In our study, we aimed at exploring the roles of circulating exosomal miRNAs in the senescence of MSCs. We found that exosomes derived from SLE serum could increase the proportions of SA-β-gal positive cells, disorganize cytoskeletons, and reduce growth rates. Moreover, the expression of miR-146a declined significantly in serum exosomes of SLE patients compared with healthy controls. miR-146a could be internalized into MSCs via exosomes and participate in MSCs senescence through targeting TRAF6/NF-κB signaling. These results clarified the novel mechanism of MSCs senescence in SLE patients.
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20
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Mesenchymal stem cell therapy induces FLT3L and CD1c + dendritic cells in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2498. [PMID: 31175312 PMCID: PMC6555800 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10491-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit immunoregulatory function in human autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here we show that the number of peripheral tolerogenic CD1c+ dendritic cells (DCs) and the levels of serum FLT3L are significantly decreased in SLE patients especially with lupus nephritis, compared to healthy controls. Transplantation of allogeneic umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs) significantly up-regulates peripheral blood CD1c+DCs and serum FLT3L. Mechanistically, UC-MSCs express FLT3L that binds to FLT3 on CD1c+DCs to promote the proliferation and inhibit the apoptosis of tolerogenic CD1c+DCs. Conversely, reduction of FLT3L with small interfering RNA in MSCs abolishes the up-regulation of tolerogenic CD1c+DCs in lupus patients treated with MSCs. Interferon-γ induces FLT3L expression in UC-MSCs through JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Thus, allogeneic MSCs might suppress inflammation in lupus through up-regulating tolerogenic DCs. Promising pilot clinical trials of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy of lupus await validation in larger, controlled trials. Here the authors show that MSCs expand CD1c+ dendritic cells in cell culture by producing FLT3L, and that in lupus patients, circulating CD1c+ dendritic cells and FLT3L are increased following MSCs therapy.
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21
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Xie ZY, Wang P, Wu YF, Shen HY. Long non-coding RNA: The functional regulator of mesenchymal stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:167-179. [PMID: 30949295 PMCID: PMC6441937 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i3.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a subset of multipotent stroma cells residing in various tissues of the body. Apart from supporting the hematopoietic stem cell niche, MSCs possess strong immunoregulatory ability and multiple differentiation potentials. These powerful capacities allow the extensive application of MSCs in clinical practice as an effective treatment for diseases. Therefore, illuminating the functional mechanism of MSCs will help to improve their curative effect and promote their clinical use. Long noncoding RNA (LncRNA) is a novel class of noncoding RNA longer than 200 nt. Recently, multiple studies have demonstrated that LncRNA is widely involved in growth and development through controlling the fate of cells, including MSCs. In this review, we highlight the role of LncRNA in regulating the functions of MSCs and discuss their participation in the pathogenesis of diseases and clinical use in diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Yu Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan-Feng Wu
- Center for Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hui-Yong Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, Guangdong Province, China
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22
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Yi J, Chen Z, Xu F, Wang Z, Zhang A, Liu T, Zhao N, Xiong Y, Jiang G, Ma J, Luan X. IL-27 Promotes Human Placenta-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Ability To Induce the Generation of CD4 +IL-10 +IFN-γ + T Cells via the JAK/STAT Pathway in the Treatment of Experimental Graft-versus-Host Disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:1124-1136. [PMID: 30651340 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) harbor immunomodulatory properties to induce the generation of suppressive T cells. MSCs have been successfully used in treating graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) accompanied by abundant inflammatory cytokines such as IL-27. This study investigated the effects of IL-27 on the human placenta-derived MSCs (hPMSCs) to induce generation of CD4+IL-10+IFN-γ+ T cells in vitro and in the humanized xenogenic GVHD NOD/SCID model. The results showed that the percentages of CD4+IL-10+IFN-γ+ T cells were significantly increased in activated human PBMC from both healthy donors and GVHD patients with hPMSCs and in the liver and spleen of hPMSC-treated GVHD mice, and the level of CD4+IL-10+IFN-γ+ T cells in the liver was greater than that in the spleen in hPMSC-treated GVHD mice. The serum level of IL-27 decreased and the symptoms abated in hPMSC-treated GVHD. Further, in vitro results showed that IL-27 promoted the regulatory effects of hPMSCs by enhancing the generation of CD4+IL-10+IFN-γ+ T cells from activated PBMC. Activation occurred through increases in the expression of programmed death ligand 2 (PDL2) in hPMSCs via the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. These findings indicated that hPMSCs could alleviate GVHD mice symptoms by upregulating the production of CD4+IL-10+IFN-γ+ T cells in the spleen and liver and downregulating serum levels of IL-27. In turn, the ability of hPMSCs to induce the generation of CD4+IL-10+IFN-γ+ T cells could be promoted by IL-27 through increases in PDL2 expression in hPMSCs. The results of this study will be of benefit for the application of hPMSCs in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhu Yi
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province 264003, China
| | - Zhenghua Chen
- Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province 264100, China
| | - Fenghuang Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province 570102, China
| | - ZhuoYa Wang
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province 264003, China
| | - Aiping Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province 264003, China
| | - Tongshen Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province 264003, China
| | - Nannan Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province 264003, China
| | - Yanlian Xiong
- Department of Anatomy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province 264003, China
| | - Guosheng Jiang
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province 264003, China
| | - Junjie Ma
- Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong Province 264000, China; and
| | - Xiying Luan
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province 264003, China; .,Taishan Scholar Immunology Program, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province 264003, China
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23
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Sattwika PD, Mustafa R, Paramaiswari A, Herningtyas EH. Stem cells for lupus nephritis: a concise review of current knowledge. Lupus 2018; 27:1881-1897. [PMID: 30099942 DOI: 10.1177/0961203318793206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN), a common manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), accounts for significant morbidity and mortality in SLE patients. Since the available standard therapies and biologic agents for LN are yet to achieve the desired response and have considerable secondary effects, stem cell therapy has now emerged as a new approach. This therapy involves the transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Our current review will highlight the progress of stem cell therapy for LN, along with the challenges encountered and the future direction of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Sattwika
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr Sardjito General Hospital, Indonesia
| | - R Mustafa
- 2 Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr Sardjito General Hospital, Indonesia
| | - A Paramaiswari
- 3 Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr Sardjito General Hospital, Indonesia
| | - E H Herningtyas
- 4 Department of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
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Whiting D, Chung WO, Johnson JD, Paranjpe A. Characterization of the Cellular Responses of Dental Mesenchymal Stem Cells to the Immune System. J Endod 2018; 44:1126-1131. [PMID: 29884336 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dental stem cells have gained importance recently and are being used for various purposes in regenerative medicine and dentistry. Although much research has been done to show the various properties of these dental stem cells, the immunomodulatory properties of some of these stem cells are still unknown. This is important considering these cells are being used routinely. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the interactions between the activated immune cells and 3 types of dental-derived mesenchymal stem cells: dental pulp stem cells, stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, and stem cells of the apical papilla (SCAP). METHODS SCAP, dental pulp stem cells, stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, and periodontal ligament fibroblasts were cultured, and various assays were performed including a proliferation assay, flow cytometric analysis, lactate dehydrogenase and chromium-51 cytotoxicity assays, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to evaluate the interactions of these dental stem cells when cocultured with either peripheral blood mononuclear cells or natural killer cells. RESULTS SCAP were less resistant to immune cell-mediated cytotoxicity as seen from the results obtained from the LDH and chromium-51 cytotoxicity assays. The flow cytometric analysis showed a lower resilience of SCAP to cytotoxic compounds. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results demonstrated that the SCAP induced high levels of proinflammatory cytokine secretion compared with the other dental stem cells. CONCLUSIONS SCAP did not perform as well as the other dental stem cells. This could in turn affect their survival and differentiation abilities as well as their functionality. This may be an important aspect to consider when selecting dental stem cells for various regenerative procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Whiting
- Department of Endodontics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Whasun Oh Chung
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - James D Johnson
- Department of Endodontics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Avina Paranjpe
- Department of Endodontics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
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Therapeutic Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1089:73-85. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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