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Pu Y, Cheng CK, Zhang H, Luo JY, Wang L, Tomlinson B, Huang Y. Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α agonists in cardiovascular health and disease. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:2086-2114. [PMID: 37119045 DOI: 10.1002/med.21970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been rising due to sedentary lifestyles and unhealthy dietary patterns. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is a nuclear receptor regulating multiple biological processes, such as lipid metabolism and inflammatory response critical to cardiovascular homeostasis. Healthy endothelial cells (ECs) lining the lumen of blood vessels maintains vascular homeostasis, where endothelial dysfunction associated with increased oxidative stress and inflammation triggers the pathogenesis of CVD. PPARα activation decreases endothelial inflammation and senescence, contributing to improved vascular function and reduced risk of atherosclerosis. Phenotypic switch and inflammation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) exacerbate vascular dysfunction and atherogenesis, in which PPARα activation improves VSMC homeostasis. Different immune cells participate in the progression of vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. PPARα in immune cells plays a critical role in immunological events, such as monocyte/macrophage adhesion and infiltration, macrophage polarization, dendritic cell (DC) embedment, T cell activation, and B cell differentiation. Cardiomyocyte dysfunction, a major risk factor for heart failure, can also be alleviated by PPARα activation through maintaining cardiac mitochondrial stability and inhibiting cardiac lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. This review discusses the current understanding and future perspectives on the role of PPARα in the regulation of the cardiovascular system as well as the clinical application of PPARα ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Pu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chak Kwong Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongsong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiang-Yun Luo
- Institute for Cardiovascular Development and Regenerative Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Brian Tomlinson
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science & Technology, Macau, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Perdomo L, Vidal-Gómez X, Soleti R, Vergori L, Duluc L, Chwastyniak M, Bisserier M, Le Lay S, Villard A, Simard G, Meilhac O, Lezoualc'h F, Khantalin I, Veerapen R, Dubois S, Boursier J, Henni S, Gagnadoux F, Pinet F, Andriantsitohaina R, Martínez MC. Large Extracellular Vesicle-Associated Rap1 Accumulates in Atherosclerotic Plaques, Correlates With Vascular Risks and Is Involved in Atherosclerosis. Circ Res 2020; 127:747-760. [PMID: 32539601 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.317086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of interrelated risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis. Circulating levels of large extracellular vesicles (lEVs), submicrometer-sized vesicles released from plasma membrane, from MetS patients were shown to induce endothelial dysfunction, but their role in early stage of atherosclerosis and on vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) remain to be fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE To determine the mechanisms by which lEVs lead to the progression of atherosclerosis in the setting of MetS. METHODS AND RESULTS Proteomic analysis revealed that the small GTPase, Rap1 was overexpressed in lEVs from MetS patients compared with those from non-MetS subjects. Rap1 was in GTP-associated active state in both types of lEVs, and Rap1-lEVs levels correlated with increased cardiovascular risks, including stenosis. MetS-lEVs, but not non-MetS-lEVs, increased Rap1-dependent endothelial cell permeability. MetS-lEVs significantly promoted migration and proliferation of human aortic SMC and increased expression of proinflammatory molecules and activation of ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) 5/p38 pathways. Neutralization of Rap1 by specific antibody or pharmacological inhibition of Rap1 completely prevented the effects of lEVs from MetS patients. High-fat diet-fed ApoE-/- mice displayed an increased expression of Rap1 both in aortas and circulating lEVs. lEVs accumulated in plaque atherosclerotic lesions depending on the progression of atherosclerosis. lEVs from high-fat diet-fed ApoE-/- mice, but not those from mice fed with a standard diet, enhanced SMC proliferation. Human atherosclerotic lesions were enriched in lEVs expressing Rap1. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that Rap1 carried by MetS-lEVs participates in the enhanced SMC proliferation, migration, proinflammatory profile, and activation of ERK5/p38 pathways leading to vascular inflammation and remodeling, and atherosclerosis. These results highlight that Rap1 carried by MetS-lEVs may be a novel determinant of diagnostic value for cardiometabolic risk factors and suggest Rap1 as a promising therapeutic target against the development of atherosclerosis. Graphical Abstract: A graphical abstract is available for this article.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animals
- Atherosclerosis/blood
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Extracellular Vesicles/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Middle Aged
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 7/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Permeability
- Phosphorylation
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Prognosis
- Proteomics
- Risk Assessment
- Risk Factors
- Signal Transduction
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- rap GTP-Binding Proteins
- rap1 GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Perdomo
- From the SOPAM, U1063, INSERM, UNIV Angers, SFR ICAT, France (L.P., X.V.-G., R.S., L.V., L.D., S.L.L., A.V., G.S., S.D., F.G., R.A., M.C.M.)
| | - Xavier Vidal-Gómez
- From the SOPAM, U1063, INSERM, UNIV Angers, SFR ICAT, France (L.P., X.V.-G., R.S., L.V., L.D., S.L.L., A.V., G.S., S.D., F.G., R.A., M.C.M.)
| | - Raffaella Soleti
- From the SOPAM, U1063, INSERM, UNIV Angers, SFR ICAT, France (L.P., X.V.-G., R.S., L.V., L.D., S.L.L., A.V., G.S., S.D., F.G., R.A., M.C.M.)
| | - Luisa Vergori
- From the SOPAM, U1063, INSERM, UNIV Angers, SFR ICAT, France (L.P., X.V.-G., R.S., L.V., L.D., S.L.L., A.V., G.S., S.D., F.G., R.A., M.C.M.)
| | - Lucie Duluc
- From the SOPAM, U1063, INSERM, UNIV Angers, SFR ICAT, France (L.P., X.V.-G., R.S., L.V., L.D., S.L.L., A.V., G.S., S.D., F.G., R.A., M.C.M.)
| | - Maggy Chwastyniak
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institute Pasteur De Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE, Lille, France (M.C., F.P.)
| | - Malik Bisserier
- Inserm, UMR-1048, Institut Des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France (M.B., F.L.)
| | - Soazig Le Lay
- From the SOPAM, U1063, INSERM, UNIV Angers, SFR ICAT, France (L.P., X.V.-G., R.S., L.V., L.D., S.L.L., A.V., G.S., S.D., F.G., R.A., M.C.M.)
| | - Alexandre Villard
- From the SOPAM, U1063, INSERM, UNIV Angers, SFR ICAT, France (L.P., X.V.-G., R.S., L.V., L.D., S.L.L., A.V., G.S., S.D., F.G., R.A., M.C.M.)
| | - Gilles Simard
- From the SOPAM, U1063, INSERM, UNIV Angers, SFR ICAT, France (L.P., X.V.-G., R.S., L.V., L.D., S.L.L., A.V., G.S., S.D., F.G., R.A., M.C.M.)
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- DéTROI, INSERM U1188, Université de La Réunion, France (O.M.)
| | - Frank Lezoualc'h
- Inserm, UMR-1048, Institut Des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France (M.B., F.L.)
| | | | - Reuben Veerapen
- Clinique Sainte-Clotilde, Groupe Clinifutur, Sainte-Clotilde, France (R.V.)
| | - Séverine Dubois
- From the SOPAM, U1063, INSERM, UNIV Angers, SFR ICAT, France (L.P., X.V.-G., R.S., L.V., L.D., S.L.L., A.V., G.S., S.D., F.G., R.A., M.C.M.)
- CHU d'Angers, France (S.D., J.B., S.H., F.G., R.A., M.C.M.)
| | | | - Samir Henni
- CHU d'Angers, France (S.D., J.B., S.H., F.G., R.A., M.C.M.)
| | - Frédéric Gagnadoux
- From the SOPAM, U1063, INSERM, UNIV Angers, SFR ICAT, France (L.P., X.V.-G., R.S., L.V., L.D., S.L.L., A.V., G.S., S.D., F.G., R.A., M.C.M.)
- CHU d'Angers, France (S.D., J.B., S.H., F.G., R.A., M.C.M.)
| | - Florence Pinet
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institute Pasteur De Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE, Lille, France (M.C., F.P.)
| | - Ramaroson Andriantsitohaina
- From the SOPAM, U1063, INSERM, UNIV Angers, SFR ICAT, France (L.P., X.V.-G., R.S., L.V., L.D., S.L.L., A.V., G.S., S.D., F.G., R.A., M.C.M.)
- CHU d'Angers, France (S.D., J.B., S.H., F.G., R.A., M.C.M.)
| | - M Carmen Martínez
- From the SOPAM, U1063, INSERM, UNIV Angers, SFR ICAT, France (L.P., X.V.-G., R.S., L.V., L.D., S.L.L., A.V., G.S., S.D., F.G., R.A., M.C.M.)
- CHU d'Angers, France (S.D., J.B., S.H., F.G., R.A., M.C.M.)
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Zhang X, Mao G, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Guo Z, Chen J, Ding W. Activating α7nAChRs enhances endothelial progenitor cell function partially through the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Microvasc Res 2020; 129:103975. [PMID: 31926201 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2020.103975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Microvascular injury is a common pathological process in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are vital cells for angiogenesis and endothelial repair. These cells can home to injury sites and secrete angiogenic growth factors. α7nAChRs are pivotal in cholinergic angiogenesis, which is associated with endothelial cells and EPCs. Our study was designed to determine whether activating α7nAChRs enhances the function of EPCs and to explore the underlying mechanism. EPCs were derived from the bone marrow of male Sprague-Dawley rats and treated with an α7nAChR agonist (PNU282987), an α7nAChR antagonist (MLA) and a JAK2 antagonist (AG490). We then assayed the angiogenic abilities of the EPCs, including proliferation ability, adhesion ability, migration ability and in vitro tube formation ability. The levels of total JAK2 (t-JAK2), phosphorylated JAK2 (p-JAK2), total STAT3 (t-STAT3) and phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3) were estimated by western blot analysis. PNU282987 treatment facilitated the angiogenic abilities of EPCs compared with the control regimen. The western blot data suggested that PNU282987 increased the levels of p-JAK2 and p-STAT3. However, the differences in t-JAK2 levels and t-STAT3 levels between the agonist-treated group and the control group were not significant. Moreover, treating EPCs with AG490 reduced STAT3 phosphorylation and attenuated the PNU282987-induced enhancement of EPCs. We demonstrated that activating α7nAChRs can enhance EPC functions partially through the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. This study reveals that α7nAChRs are potential therapeutic targets for angiogenesis and that the JAK2/STAT3 pathway plays a vital role in the associated therapeutic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Guoren Mao
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Zhennan Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Wengang Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China.
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