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Lin Y, Sato N, Hong S, Nakamura K, Ferrante EA, Yu ZX, Chen MY, Nakamura DS, Yang X, Clevenger RR, Hunt TJ, Taylor JL, Jeffries KR, Keeran KJ, Neidig LE, Mehta A, Schwartzbeck R, Yu SJ, Kelly C, Navarengom K, Takeda K, Adler SS, Choyke PL, Zou J, Murry CE, Boehm M, Dunbar CE. Long-term engraftment and maturation of autologous iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes in two rhesus macaques. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:974-988.e5. [PMID: 38843830 PMCID: PMC11227404 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Cellular therapies with cardiomyocytes produced from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-CMs) offer a potential route to cardiac regeneration as a treatment for chronic ischemic heart disease. Here, we report successful long-term engraftment and in vivo maturation of autologous iPSC-CMs in two rhesus macaques with small, subclinical chronic myocardial infarctions, all without immunosuppression. Longitudinal positron emission tomography imaging using the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) reporter gene revealed stable grafts for over 6 and 12 months, with no teratoma formation. Histological analyses suggested capability of the transplanted iPSC-CMs to mature and integrate with endogenous myocardium, with no sign of immune cell infiltration or rejection. By contrast, allogeneic iPSC-CMs were rejected within 8 weeks of transplantation. This study provides the longest-term safety and maturation data to date in any large animal model, addresses concerns regarding neoantigen immunoreactivity of autologous iPSC therapies, and suggests that autologous iPSC-CMs would similarly engraft and mature in human hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongshun Lin
- iPSC Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Noriko Sato
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapeutics, Molecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sogun Hong
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kenta Nakamura
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Elisa A Ferrante
- Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zu Xi Yu
- Pathology Core, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marcus Y Chen
- Cardiovascular Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daisy S Nakamura
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Xiulan Yang
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Timothy J Hunt
- Animal Surgery and Resources Core, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joni L Taylor
- Animal Surgery and Resources Core, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Karen J Keeran
- Animal Surgery and Resources Core, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lauren E Neidig
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Atul Mehta
- Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robin Schwartzbeck
- Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shiqin Judy Yu
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Conor Kelly
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Keron Navarengom
- Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kazuyo Takeda
- Microscopy and Imaging Core, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Stephen S Adler
- Clinical Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Peter L Choyke
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapeutics, Molecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jizhong Zou
- iPSC Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Charles E Murry
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Manfred Boehm
- Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Cynthia E Dunbar
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Edenhofer FC, Térmeg A, Ohnuki M, Jocher J, Kliesmete Z, Briem E, Hellmann I, Enard W. Generation and characterization of inducible KRAB-dCas9 iPSCs from primates for cross-species CRISPRi. iScience 2024; 27:110090. [PMID: 38947524 PMCID: PMC11214527 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Comparisons of molecular phenotypes across primates provide unique information to understand human biology and evolution, and single-cell RNA-seq CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) screens are a powerful approach to analyze them. Here, we generate and validate three human, three gorilla, and two cynomolgus iPS cell lines that carry a dox-inducible KRAB-dCas9 construct at the AAVS1 locus. We show that despite variable expression levels of KRAB-dCas9 among lines, comparable downregulation of target genes and comparable phenotypic effects are observed in a single-cell RNA-seq CRISPRi screen. Hence, we provide valuable resources for performing and further extending CRISPRi in human and non-human primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona C. Edenhofer
- Anthropology and Human Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Anita Térmeg
- Anthropology and Human Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Mari Ohnuki
- Anthropology and Human Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg, Germany
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Hakubi Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Jessica Jocher
- Anthropology and Human Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Zane Kliesmete
- Anthropology and Human Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Eva Briem
- Anthropology and Human Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Ines Hellmann
- Anthropology and Human Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Enard
- Anthropology and Human Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg, Germany
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Young DJ, Edwards AJ, Quiroz Caceda KG, Liberzon E, Barrientos J, Hong S, Turner J, Choyke PL, Arlauckas S, Lazorchak AS, Morgan RA, Sato N, Dunbar CE. In vivo tracking of ex vivo generated 89 Zr-oxine labeled plasma cells by PET in a non-human primate model. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.24.595782. [PMID: 38903108 PMCID: PMC11188104 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.24.595782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
B cells are an attractive platform for engineering to produce protein-based biologics absent in genetic disorders, and potentially for the treatment of metabolic diseases and cancer. As part of pre-clinical development of B cell medicines, we demonstrate a method to collect, ex vivo expand, differentiate, radioactively label, and track adoptively transferred non-human primate (NHP) B cells. These cells underwent 10- to 15-fold expansion, initiated IgG class switching, and differentiated into antibody secreting cells. Zirconium-89-oxine labeled cells were infused into autologous donors without any preconditioning and tracked by PET/CT imaging. Within 24 hours of infusion, 20% of the initial dose homed to the bone marrow and spleen and distributed stably and equally between the two. Interestingly, approximately half of the dose homed to the liver. Image analysis of the bone marrow demonstrated inhomogeneous distribution of the cells. The subjects experienced no clinically significant side effects or laboratory abnormalities. A second infusion of B cells into one of the subjects resulted in an almost identical distribution of cells, suggesting a non-limiting engraftment niche and feasibility of repeated infusions. This work supports the NHP as a valuable model to assess the potential of B cell medicines as potential treatment for human diseases.
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Soma Y, Tani H, Morita-Umei Y, Kishino Y, Fukuda K, Tohyama S. Pluripotent stem cell-based cardiac regenerative therapy for heart failure. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 187:90-100. [PMID: 38331557 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac regenerative therapy using human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) is expected to become an alternative to heart transplantation for severe heart failure. It is now possible to produce large numbers of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and eliminate non-cardiomyocytes, including residual undifferentiated hPSCs, which can cause teratoma formation after transplantation. There are two main strategies for transplanting hPSC-CMs: injection of hPSC-CMs into the myocardium from the epicardial side, and implantation of hPSC-CM patches or engineered heart tissues onto the epicardium. Transplantation of hPSC-CMs into the myocardium of large animals in a myocardial infarction model improved cardiac function. The engrafted hPSC-CMs matured, and microvessels derived from the host entered the graft abundantly. Furthermore, as less invasive methods using catheters, injection into the coronary artery and injection into the myocardium from the endocardium side have recently been investigated. Since transplantation of hPSC-CMs alone has a low engraftment rate, various methods such as transplantation with the extracellular matrix or non-cardiomyocytes and aggregation of hPSC-CMs have been developed. Post-transplant arrhythmias, imaging of engrafted hPSC-CMs, and immune rejection are the remaining major issues, and research is being conducted to address them. The clinical application of cardiac regenerative therapy using hPSC-CMs has just begun and is expected to spread widely if its safety and efficacy are proven in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Soma
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Tani
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Joint Research Laboratory for Medical Innovation in Heart Disease, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuika Morita-Umei
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (KISTEC), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kishino
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Fukuda
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shugo Tohyama
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Saito Y, Nose N, Iida T, Akazawa K, Kanno T, Fujimoto Y, Sasaki T, Akehi M, Higuchi T, Akagi S, Yoshida M, Miyoshi T, Ito H, Nakamura K. In vivo tracking transplanted cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells using nuclear medicine imaging. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1261330. [PMID: 37745108 PMCID: PMC10512708 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1261330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Transplantation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) is a promising treatment for heart failure. Information on long-term cell engraftment after transplantation is clinically important. However, clinically applicable evaluation methods have not yet been established. Methods In this study, to noninvasively assess transplanted cell engraftment, human SLC5A5, which encodes a sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) that transports radioactive tracers such as 125I, 18F-tetrafluoroborate (TFB), and 99mTc-pertechnetate (99mTcO4-), was transduced into human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and nuclear medicine imaging was used to track engrafted human iPSC-CMs. Results To evaluate the pluripotency of NIS-expressing human iPSCs, they were subcutaneously transplanted into immunodeficient rats. Teratomas were detected by 99mTcO4- single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging. NIS expression and the uptake ability of 125I were maintained in purified human iPSC-CMs. NIS-expressing human iPSC-CMs transplanted into immunodeficient rats could be detected over time using 99mTcO4- SPECT/CT imaging. Unexpectedly, NIS expression affected cell proliferation of human iPSCs and iPSC-derived cells. Discussion Such functionally designed iPSC-CMs have potential clinical applications as a noninvasive method of grafted cell evaluation, but further studies are needed to determine the effects of NIS transduction on cellular characteristics and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Saito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Naoko Nose
- Molecular Imaging Project of RECTOR Program, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Iida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kaoru Akazawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kanno
- Molecular Imaging Project of RECTOR Program, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuki Fujimoto
- Molecular Imaging Project of RECTOR Program, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takanori Sasaki
- Okayama Medical Innovation Center, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masaru Akehi
- Okayama Medical Innovation Center, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Higuchi
- Molecular Imaging Project of RECTOR Program, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Satoshi Akagi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masashi Yoshida
- Department of Chronic Kidney Disease and Cardiovascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toru Miyoshi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ito
- Department of General Internal Medicine 3, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Nakamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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Shalaby N, Kelly JJ, Sehl OC, Gevaert JJ, Fox MS, Qi Q, Foster PJ, Thiessen JD, Hicks JW, Scholl TJ, Ronald JA. Complementary early-phase magnetic particle imaging and late-phase positron emission tomography reporter imaging of mesenchymal stem cells in vivo. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:3408-3418. [PMID: 36722918 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03684c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies have demonstrated significant potential in clinical applications for many debilitating diseases. The ability to non-invasively and dynamically track the location and viability of stem cells post administration could provide important information on individual patient response and/or side effects. Multi-modal cell tracking provides complementary information that can offset the limitations of a single imaging modality to yield a more comprehensive picture of cell fate. In this study, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were engineered to express human sodium iodide symporter (NIS), a clinically relevant positron emission tomography (PET) reporter gene, as well as labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIOs) to allow for detection with magnetic particle imaging (MPI). MSCs were additionally engineered with a preclinical bioluminescence imaging (BLI) reporter gene for comparison of BLI cell viability data to both MPI and PET data over time. MSCs were implanted into the hind limbs of immunocompromised mice and imaging with MPI, BLI and PET was performed over a 30-day period. MPI showed sensitive detection that steadily declined over the 30-day period, while BLI showed initial decreases followed by later rapid increases in signal. The PET signal of MSCs was significantly higher than the background at later timepoints. Early-phase imaging (day 0-9 post MSC injections) showed correlation between MPI and BLI data (R2 = 0.671), while PET and BLI showed strong correlation for late-phase (day 10-30 post MSC injections) imaging timepoints (R2 = 0.9817). We report the first use of combined MPI and PET for cell tracking and show the complementary benefits of MPI for sensitive detection of MSCs early after implantation and PET for longer-term measurements of cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourhan Shalaby
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
| | - John J Kelly
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Olivia C Sehl
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Julia J Gevaert
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Matthew S Fox
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Saint Joseph's Health Care, London, ON, Canada
| | - Qi Qi
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Paula J Foster
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Thiessen
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Saint Joseph's Health Care, London, ON, Canada
| | - Justin W Hicks
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Timothy J Scholl
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John A Ronald
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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Genome Editing and Cardiac Regeneration. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1396:37-52. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-5642-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Lauwerys L, Smits E, Van den Wyngaert T, Elvas F. Radionuclide Imaging of Cytotoxic Immune Cell Responses to Anti-Cancer Immunotherapy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051074. [PMID: 35625811 PMCID: PMC9139020 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is an evolving and promising cancer treatment that takes advantage of the body’s immune system to yield effective tumor elimination. Importantly, immunotherapy has changed the treatment landscape for many cancers, resulting in remarkable tumor responses and improvements in patient survival. However, despite impressive tumor effects and extended patient survival, only a small proportion of patients respond, and others can develop immune-related adverse events associated with these therapies, which are associated with considerable costs. Therefore, strategies to increase the proportion of patients gaining a benefit from these treatments and/or increasing the durability of immune-mediated tumor response are still urgently needed. Currently, measurement of blood or tissue biomarkers has demonstrated sampling limitations, due to intrinsic tumor heterogeneity and the latter being invasive. In addition, the unique response patterns of these therapies are not adequately captured by conventional imaging modalities. Consequently, non-invasive, sensitive, and quantitative molecular imaging techniques, such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using specific radiotracers, have been increasingly used for longitudinal whole-body monitoring of immune responses. Immunotherapies rely on the effector function of CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells (NK) at tumor lesions; therefore, the monitoring of these cytotoxic immune cells is of value for therapy response assessment. Different immune cell targets have been investigated as surrogate markers of response to immunotherapy, which motivated the development of multiple imaging agents. In this review, the targets and radiotracers being investigated for monitoring the functional status of immune effector cells are summarized, and their use for imaging of immune-related responses are reviewed along their limitations and pitfalls, of which multiple have already been translated to the clinic. Finally, emerging effector immune cell imaging strategies and future directions are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Lauwerys
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (L.L.); (T.V.d.W.)
| | - Evelien Smits
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium;
- Center for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Drie Eikenstraat 655, B-2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Tim Van den Wyngaert
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (L.L.); (T.V.d.W.)
- Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Drie Eikenstraat 655, B-2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Filipe Elvas
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (L.L.); (T.V.d.W.)
- Correspondence:
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Evaluation of [18F]tetrafluoroborate as a Potential PET Imaging Agent in a Sodium Iodide Symporter-Transfected Cell Line A549 and Endogenous NIS-Expressing Cell Lines MKN45 and K1. Mol Imaging 2022; 2022:2679260. [PMID: 35330799 PMCID: PMC8923191 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2679260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[18F]tetrafluoroborate (TFB) has been introduced as the 18F-labeled PET imaging probe for the human sodium iodide symporter (NIS). Noninvasive NIS imaging using [18F]TFB has received much interest in recent years for evaluating various NIS-expressing tumors. Cancers are a global concern with enormous implications; therefore, improving diagnostic methods for accurate detection of cancer is extremely important. Our aim was to investigate the PET imaging capabilities of [18F]TFB in NIS-transfected lung cell line A549 and endogenous NIS-expressing tumor cells, such as thyroid cancer K1 and gastric cancer MKN45, and broaden its application in the medical field. Western blot and flow cytometry were used to assess the NIS expression level. Radioactivity counts of [18F]TFB, in vitro, in the three tumor cells were substantially higher than those in the KI inhibition group in the uptake experiment. In vivo PET imaging clearly delineated the three tumors based on the specific accumulation of [18F]TFB in a mouse model. Ex vivo biodistribution investigation showed high [18F]TFB absorption in the tumor location, which was consistent with the PET imaging results. These results support the use of NIS-transfected lung cell line A549 and NIS-expressing tumor cells MKN45 and K1, to investigate probing capabilities of [18F]TFB. We also demonstrate, for the first time, the feasibility of [18F]TFB in diagnosing stomach cancer. In conclusion, this study illustrates the promising future of [18F]TFB for tumor diagnosis and NIS reporter imaging.
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Qiao H, Wu J, Zhang X, Luo J, Wang H, Ming D. The Advance of CRISPR-Cas9-Based and NIR/CRISPR-Cas9-Based Imaging System. Front Chem 2021; 9:786354. [PMID: 34976954 PMCID: PMC8716450 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.786354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of different genes, chromosomes and the spatiotemporal relationship between them is of great significance in the field of biomedicine. CRISPR-Cas9 has become the most widely used gene editing tool due to its excellent targeting ability. In recent years, a series of advanced imaging technologies based on Cas9 have been reported, providing fast and convenient tools for studying the sites location of genome, RNA, and chromatin. At the same time, a variety of CRISPR-Cas9-based imaging systems have been developed, which are widely used in real-time multi-site imaging in vivo. In this review, we summarized the component and mechanism of CRISPR-Cas9 system, overviewed the NIR imaging and the application of NIR fluorophores in the delivery of CRISPR-Cas9, and highlighted advances of the CRISPR-Cas9-based imaging system. In addition, we also discussed the challenges and potential solutions of CRISPR-Cas9-based imaging methods, and looked forward to the development trend of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Qiao
- Functional Materials Laboratory, Institute of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jieting Wu
- Functional Materials Laboratory, Institute of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Functional Materials Laboratory, Institute of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian Luo
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Hao Wang
- Functional Materials Laboratory, Institute of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Hao Wang, ; Dong Ming,
| | - Dong Ming
- Functional Materials Laboratory, Institute of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Hao Wang, ; Dong Ming,
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Cho HM, Cho JY. Cardiomyocyte Death and Genome-Edited Stem Cell Therapy for Ischemic Heart Disease. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1264-1279. [PMID: 33492627 PMCID: PMC8316208 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10096-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Massive death of cardiomyocytes is a major feature of cardiovascular diseases. Since the regenerative capacity of cardiomyocytes is limited, the regulation of their death has been receiving great attention. The cell death of cardiomyocytes is a complex mechanism that has not yet been clarified, and it is known to appear in various forms such as apoptosis, necrosis, etc. In ischemic heart disease, the apoptosis and necrosis of cardiomyocytes appear in two types of programmed forms (intrinsic and extrinsic pathways) and they account for a large portion of cell death. To repair damaged cardiomyocytes, diverse stem cell therapies have been attempted. However, despite the many positive effects, the low engraftment and survival rates have clearly limited the application of stem cells in clinical therapy. To solve these challenges, the introduction of the desired genes in stem cells can be used to enhance their capacity and improve their therapeutic efficiency. Moreover, as genome engineering technologies have advanced significantly, safer and more stable delivery of target genes and more accurate deletion of genes have become possible, which facilitates the genetic modification of stem cells. Accordingly, stem cell therapy for damaged cardiac tissue is expected to further improve. This review describes myocardial cell death, stem cell therapy for cardiac repair, and genome-editing technologies. In addition, we introduce recent stem cell therapies that incorporate genome-editing technologies in the myocardial infarction model. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Min Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - Je-Yoel Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea.
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Concilio SC, Russell SJ, Peng KW. A brief review of reporter gene imaging in oncolytic virotherapy and gene therapy. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2021; 21:98-109. [PMID: 33981826 PMCID: PMC8065251 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reporter gene imaging (RGI) can accelerate development timelines for gene and viral therapies by facilitating rapid and noninvasive in vivo studies to determine the biodistribution, magnitude, and durability of viral gene expression and/or virus infection. Functional molecular imaging systems used for this purpose can be divided broadly into deep-tissue and optical modalities. Deep-tissue modalities, which can be used in animals of any size as well as in human subjects, encompass single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET), and functional/molecular magnetic resonance imaging (f/mMRI). Optical modalities encompass fluorescence, bioluminescence, Cerenkov luminescence, and photoacoustic imaging and are suitable only for small animal imaging. Here we discuss the mechanisms of action and relative merits of currently available reporter gene systems, highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of deep tissue versus optical imaging systems and the hardware/reagents that are used for data capture and processing. In light of recent technological advances, falling costs of imaging instruments, better availability of novel radioactive and optical tracers, and a growing realization that RGI can give invaluable insights across the entire in vivo translational spectrum, the approach is becoming increasingly essential to facilitate the competitive development of new virus- and gene-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kah-Whye Peng
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Ostrominski JW, Yada RC, Sato N, Klein M, Blinova K, Patel D, Valadez R, Palisoc M, Pittaluga S, Peng KW, San H, Lin Y, Basuli F, Zhang X, Swenson RE, Haigney M, Choyke PL, Zou J, Boehm M, Hong SG, Dunbar CE. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated introduction of the sodium/iodide symporter gene enables noninvasive in vivo tracking of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:1203-1217. [PMID: 32700830 PMCID: PMC7519772 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Techniques that enable longitudinal tracking of cell fate after myocardial delivery are imperative for optimizing the efficacy of cell‐based cardiac therapies. However, these approaches have been underutilized in preclinical models and clinical trials, and there is considerable demand for site‐specific strategies achieving long‐term expression of reporter genes compatible with safe noninvasive imaging. In this study, the rhesus sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) gene was incorporated into rhesus macaque induced pluripotent stem cells (RhiPSCs) via CRISPR/Cas9. Cardiomyocytes derived from NIS‐RhiPSCs (NIS‐RhiPSC‐CMs) exhibited overall similar morphological and electrophysiological characteristics compared to parental control RhiPSC‐CMs at baseline and with exposure to physiological levels of sodium iodide. Mice were injected intramyocardially with 2 million NIS‐RhiPSC‐CMs immediately following myocardial infarction, and serial positron emission tomography/computed tomography was performed with 18F‐tetrafluoroborate to monitor transplanted cells in vivo. NIS‐RhiPSC‐CMs could be detected until study conclusion at 8 to 10 weeks postinjection. This NIS‐based molecular imaging platform, with optimal safety and sensitivity characteristics, is primed for translation into large‐animal preclinical models and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Ostrominski
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ravi Chandra Yada
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Noriko Sato
- Molecular Imaging Program, Laboratory of Cellular Therapeutics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Klein
- Division of Cardiology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ksenia Blinova
- Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Dakshesh Patel
- Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Racquel Valadez
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Maryknoll Palisoc
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stefania Pittaluga
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kah-Whye Peng
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Hong San
- Animal Surgery and Resources Core, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Falguni Basuli
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rolf E Swenson
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark Haigney
- Division of Cardiology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter L Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, Laboratory of Cellular Therapeutics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jizhong Zou
- iPSC Core, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Manfred Boehm
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - So Gun Hong
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Cynthia E Dunbar
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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