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Gnacadja E, Pauly N, Kang HJ, Tougaard S. XPS quantification with universal inelastic electron scattering cross section including intrinsic excitations. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.7142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Gnacadja
- Université libre de Bruxelles, Service de Métrologie Nucléaire (CP 165/84) Brussels Belgium
| | - N. Pauly
- Université libre de Bruxelles, Service de Métrologie Nucléaire (CP 165/84) Brussels Belgium
| | - H. J. Kang
- Department of Physics Chungbuk National University Cheongju Korea
| | - S. Tougaard
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy University of Southern Denmark Odense M Denmark
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Tougaard S, Pauly N, Yubero F. QUEELS: Software to calculate the energy loss processes in TEELS, REELS, XPS, and AES including effects of the core hole. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.7095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Tougaard
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy University of Southern Denmark Odense M Denmark
| | - N. Pauly
- Université libre de Bruxelles, Service de Métrologie Nucléaire (CP 165/84) Brussels Belgium
| | - F. Yubero
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Univ. Sevilla ‐ CSIC Sevilla Spain
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A bioinspired approach to fabricate fluorescent nanotubes with strong water adhesion by soft template electropolymerization and post-grafting. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 606:236-247. [PMID: 34390991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS In this original work, we aim to control both the surface wetting and fluorescence properties of extremely ordered and porous conducting polymer nanotubes prepared by soft template electropolymerization and post-grafting. For reaching this aim, various substituents of different hydrophobicity and fluorescence were post-grafted and the post-grafting yields were evaluated by surface analyses. We show that the used polymer is already fluorescent before post-grafting while the post-grafting yield and as a consequence the surface hydrophobicity highly depend on the substituent. EXPERIMENTS Here, we have chosen to chemically grafting various fluorinated and aromatic substituents using a post-grafting in order to keep the same surface topography. Flat conducting polymer surfaces with similar properties have been also prepared for determining the surface energy with the Owens-Wendt equation and estimating the post-grafting yield by X-ray Photoemission Spectroscopy (XPS) and Time of Flight Secondary Emission Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). For example, using fluorinated chains of various length (C4F9, C6F13 and C8F17), it is demonstrated that the surface hydrophobicity and oleophobicity do not increase with the fluorinated chain length due to the different post-grafting yields and because of the presence of nanoroughness after post-grafting. FINDINGS These surfaces have high apparent water contact angle up to 130.5° but also strong water adhesion, comparable to rose petal effect even if there are no nanotubes on petal surface. XPS and ToF-SIMS analyses provided a detailed characterisation of the surface chemistry with a qualitative classification of the grafted surfaces (F6 > F4 > F8). SEM analysis shows that grafting does not alter the surface morphology. Finally, fluorescence analyses show that the polymer surfaces before post-treatment are already nicely fluorescent. Although the main goal of this paper was and is to understand the role of surface chemistry in tailoring the wetting properties of these surfaces rather than provide specific application examples, we believe that the obtained results can help the development of specific nanostructured materials for potential applications in liquid transport, or in stimuli responsive antimicrobial surfaces.
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General and adaptive synthesis protocol for high-quality organosilane self-assembled monolayers as tunable surface chemistry platforms for biochemical applications. Biointerphases 2020; 15:041005. [PMID: 32698591 DOI: 10.1116/6.0000250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The controlled modification of surface properties represents a pervasive requirement to be fulfilled when developing new technologies. In this paper, we propose an easy-to-implement protocol for the functionalization of glass with self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). The adaptivity of the synthesis route was demonstrated by the controlled anchoring of thiol, amino, glycidyloxy, and methacrylate groups onto the glass surface. The optimization of the synthetic pathway was mirrored by extremely smooth SAMs (approximately 150 pm roughness), layer thickness comparable to the theoretical molecule length, absence of silane islands along the surface, quasi-unitary degree of packing, and tailored wettability and charge. The functionalization kinetics of two model silanes, 3-mercapto- and 3-amino-propyltrimethoxysilane, was determined by cross-comparing x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry data. Our SAMs with tailored physicochemical attributes will be implemented as supports for the crystallization of pharmaceuticals and biomolecules in upcoming studies. Here, the application to a small molecule drug model, namely aspirin, was discussed as a proof of concept.
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Pauly N, Yubero F, Tougaard S. Optical properties of molybdenum in the ultraviolet and extreme ultraviolet by reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:4527-4532. [PMID: 32400432 DOI: 10.1364/ao.391014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Optical properties of polycrystalline molybdenum are determined from ultraviolet up to extreme ultraviolet by reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy (REELS). Calculations are performed within the dielectric response theory by means of the quantitative analysis of electron energy losses at surfaces QUEELS-ϵ(k,ω)-REELS software [Surf. Interface Anal.36, 824 (2004)SIANDQ0142-242110.1002/sia.1774] that allows the simulation of inelastic scattering cross sections, using a parametric energy loss function describing the optical response of the material. From this energy loss function, the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric function, the refractive index, and the extinction coefficient are deduced and compared with previously published results.
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Gnacadja E, Pauly N, Tougaard S. Universal inelastic electron scattering cross‐section including extrinsic and intrinsic excitations in XPS. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.6749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eustache Gnacadja
- Service de Métrologie NucléaireUniversité libre de Bruxelles (CP 165/84) Brussels Belgium
| | - Nicolas Pauly
- Service de Métrologie NucléaireUniversité libre de Bruxelles (CP 165/84) Brussels Belgium
| | - Sven Tougaard
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and PharmacyUniversity of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
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Wiesing M, Grundmeier G. Lifshitz analysis of dispersion forces based on quantitative reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 514:625-633. [PMID: 29306193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.12.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The energy loss experienced by an electron while moving through a solid is determined by the optical properties of the surrounding. Hence, quantitative Reflection Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (REELS) should allow the determination of optical data required for the calculation of Hamaker coefficients using Lifshitz theory. This approach might improve the accuracy of calculated Hamaker coefficients and should also enable to harness the unique capabilities of REELS to analyse nanostructured surfaces and thin-films with great spatial resolution and surface sensitivity. EXPERIMENTS REELS spectra of a survey of insulating polymers and of metal-like Ti0.23Al0.32N0.44 (TiAlN) were measured, the complex dielectric functions determined and the corresponding Hamaker coefficients across vacuum and water calculated. The sensitivity of the quantification procedure towards typical systematic errors was investigated. For polystyrene the results were comparatively analysed using vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy (VUV). FINDINGS The accuracy especially of the non-retarded vacuum Hamaker constants of the polymers was increased when compared to VUV reflectance spectroscopy due to the higher spectral range of REELS. Furthermore, a new correction procedure for the intricate case of unresolved inelastic losses in the REELS spectrum, such as encountered in the case of TiAlN, could be developed using spectroscopic ellipsometry as a complementary mean.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wiesing
- Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Paderborn, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany.
| | - G Grundmeier
- Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Paderborn, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
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Pauly N, Yubero F, Tougaard S. Quantitative analysis of Yb 4d photoelectron spectrum of metallic Yb. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.6402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Pauly
- Service de Métrologie Nucléaire (CP 165/84); Université libre de Bruxelles; 50 av. F. D. Roosevelt, B-1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - F. Yubero
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Univ. Sevilla - CSIC; av. Américo Vespucio 49, E-41092 Sevilla Spain
| | - S. Tougaard
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy; University of Southern Denmark; DK-5230 Odense M Denmark
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Wiesing M, de Los Arcos T, Gebhard M, Devi A, Grundmeier G. Analysis of dispersive interactions at polymer/TiAlN interfaces by means of dynamic force spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 20:180-190. [PMID: 29181468 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp05373h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The structural and electronic origins of the interactions between polycarbonate and sputter deposited TiAlN were analysed using a combined electron and force spectroscopic approach. Interaction forces were measured by means of dynamic force spectroscopy and the surface polarizability was analysed by X-ray photoelectron valence band spectroscopy. It could be shown that the adhesive interactions between polycarbonate and TiAlN are governed by van der Waals forces. Different surface cleansing and oxidizing treatments were investigated and the effect of the surface chemistry on the force interactions was analysed. Intense surface oxidation resulted in a decreased adhesion force by a factor of two due to the formation of a 2 nm thick Ti0.21Al0.45O surface oxide layer. The origin of the residual adhesion forces caused by the mixed Ti0.21Al0.45O surface oxide was clarified by considering the non-retarded Hamaker coefficients as calculated by Lifshitz theory, based on optical data from Reflection Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy. This disclosed increased dispersion forces of Ti0.21Al0.45O due to the presence of Ti(iv) ions and related Ti 3d band optical transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wiesing
- Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Paderborn, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany.
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Pauly N, Yubero F, Espinós JP, Tougaard S. Optical properties and electronic transitions of zinc oxide, ferric oxide, cerium oxide, and samarium oxide in the ultraviolet and extreme ultraviolet. APPLIED OPTICS 2017; 56:6611-6621. [PMID: 29047953 DOI: 10.1364/ao.56.006611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Optical properties and electronic transitions of four oxides, namely zinc oxide, ferric oxide, cerium oxide, and samarium oxide, are determined in the ultraviolet and extreme ultraviolet by reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy using primary electron energies in the range 0.3-2.0 keV. This technique allows the evaluation of the optical response in these ultraviolet spectral regions of a thin layer of material, and the analysis is straightforward. It is performed within the dielectric response theory by means of the QUEELS-ε(k, ω)-REELS software developed by Tougaard and Yubero [Surf. Interface Anal.36, 824 (2004)SIANDQ0142-242110.1002/(ISSN)1096-9918]. The method consists basically in the fitting of experimentally determined single-scattering electron energy loss cross sections with a parametric energy loss function of the corresponding material, to the one calculated within a dielectric response formalism. The obtained refractive index and extinction coefficients, as well as the identified electronic transitions are compared, when available, with previously published results.
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Cabrera-German D, Molar-Velázquez G, Gómez-Sosa G, de la Cruz W, Herrera-Gomez A. Detailed peak fitting analysis of the Zn 2p
photoemission spectrum for metallic films and its initial oxidation stages. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.6280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - W. de la Cruz
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Km 107 Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada Ensenada B.C. Mexico
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Zheng Z, Da B, Mao SF, Ding ZJ. Calculation of Surface Excitation Parameters by a Monte Carlo Method. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/30/cjcp1607146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment, Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Bo Da
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Shi-feng Mao
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ze-jun Ding
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Hauschild D, Handick E, Göhl-Gusenleitner S, Meyer F, Schwab H, Benkert A, Pohlner S, Palm J, Tougaard S, Heske C, Weinhardt L, Reinert F. Band-Gap Widening at the Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 Surface: A Novel Determination Approach Using Reflection Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:21101-21105. [PMID: 27463021 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b06358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Using reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy (REELS), we have investigated the optical properties at the surface of a chalcopyrite-based Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 (CIGSSe) thin-film solar cell absorber, as well as an indium sulfide (InxSy) buffer layer before and after annealing. By fitting the characteristic inelastic scattering cross-section λK(E) to cross sections evaluated by the QUEELS-ε(k,ω)-REELS software package, we determine the surface dielectric function and optical properties of these samples. A comparison of the optical values at the surface of the InxSy film with bulk ellipsometry measurements indicates a good agreement between bulk- and surface-related optical properties. In contrast, the properties of the CIGSSe surface differ significantly from the bulk. In particular, a larger (surface) band gap than for bulk-sensitive measurements is observed, providing a complementary and independent confirmation of earlier photoelectron spectroscopy results. Finally, we derive the inelastic mean free path λ for electrons in InxSy, annealed InxSy, and CIGSSe at a kinetic energy of 1000 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Hauschild
- Experimental Physics VII, University of Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Evelyn Handick
- Experimental Physics VII, University of Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Frank Meyer
- Experimental Physics VII, University of Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Schwab
- Experimental Physics VII, University of Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Benkert
- Experimental Physics VII, University of Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation (IPS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-v.-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | | | - Jörg Palm
- AVANCIS GmbH , Otto-Hahn-Ring 6, 81739 Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Tougaard
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark , DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Clemens Heske
- Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation (IPS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-v.-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada , Las Vegas (UNLV), 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154-4003, United States
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Engesserstrasse 18/20, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Lothar Weinhardt
- Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation (IPS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-v.-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada , Las Vegas (UNLV), 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154-4003, United States
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Engesserstrasse 18/20, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Friedrich Reinert
- Experimental Physics VII, University of Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Bravo Sanchez M, Huerta-Ruelas JA, Cabrera-German D, Herrera-Gomez A. Composition assessment of ferric oxide by accurate peak fitting of the Fe 2pphotoemission spectrum. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.6124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - J. A. Huerta-Ruelas
- Instituto Politecnico Nacional; CICATA-IPN Unidad Queretaro; Queretaro 76090 Mexico
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Kövér L. Multiscale approach for modeling electron spectra induced by photons from solids. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.5894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Kövér
- Institute for Nuclear Research; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; 18/c Bem tér H-4026 Debrecen Hungary
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16
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Pauly N, Dubus A, Monier G, Robert-Goumet C, Mahjoub MA, Bideux L, Gruzza B. Energy dependence of the energy loss function parametrization of indium in the Drude-Lindhard model. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.5411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Pauly
- Service de Métrologie Nucléaire (CP 165/84); Université Libre de Bruxelles; 50 av. F. D. Roosevelt B-1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - A. Dubus
- Service de Métrologie Nucléaire (CP 165/84); Université Libre de Bruxelles; 50 av. F. D. Roosevelt B-1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - G. Monier
- Clermont Université; Université Blaise Pascal, Institut Pascal; BP 10448, F-63000, CNRS, UMR6602, IP F-63171 Clermont-Ferrand Aubière France
| | - C. Robert-Goumet
- Clermont Université; Université Blaise Pascal, Institut Pascal; BP 10448, F-63000, CNRS, UMR6602, IP F-63171 Clermont-Ferrand Aubière France
| | - M. A. Mahjoub
- Clermont Université; Université Blaise Pascal, Institut Pascal; BP 10448, F-63000, CNRS, UMR6602, IP F-63171 Clermont-Ferrand Aubière France
| | - L. Bideux
- Clermont Université; Université Blaise Pascal, Institut Pascal; BP 10448, F-63000, CNRS, UMR6602, IP F-63171 Clermont-Ferrand Aubière France
| | - B. Gruzza
- Clermont Université; Université Blaise Pascal, Institut Pascal; BP 10448, F-63000, CNRS, UMR6602, IP F-63171 Clermont-Ferrand Aubière France
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Pauly N, Tougaard S, Yubero F. Modeling of X-ray photoelectron spectra: surface and core hole effects. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.5372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Pauly
- Université Libre de Bruxelles; Service de Métrologie Nucléaire (CP 165/84); 50 Av. F. D. Roosevelt B-1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Sven Tougaard
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy; University of Southern Denmark; DK-5230 Odense M Denmark
| | - Francisco Yubero
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla; CSIC - Univ. Sevilla; Avda. Américo Vespucio 49 E-41092 Sevilla Spain
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18
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Pauly N, Novák M, Tougaard S. Surface excitation parameter for allotropic forms of carbon. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.5167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Pauly
- Université Libre de Bruxelles; Service de Métrologie Nucléaire (CP 165/84), 50 av. F. D. Roosevelt B-1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - M. Novák
- Université Libre de Bruxelles; Service de Métrologie Nucléaire (CP 165/84), 50 av. F. D. Roosevelt B-1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - S. Tougaard
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy; University of Southern Denmark; DK-5230 Odense M Denmark
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Tahir D, Tougaard S. Electronic and optical properties of Cu, CuO and Cu2O studied by electron spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2012; 24:175002. [PMID: 22475683 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/24/17/175002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The electronic and optical properties of Cu, CuO and Cu(2)O were studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and reflection electron energy-loss spectroscopy (REELS). We report detailed Cu 2p, Cu LVV, O 1s and O KLL spectra which are in good agreement with previous results. REELS spectra, recorded for primary energies in the range from 150 to 2000 eV, were corrected for multiple inelastically scattered electrons to determine the effective inelastic scattering cross section. The dielectric functions and optical properties were determined by comparing the experimental inelastic electron scattering cross section with a simulated cross section calculated within the semi-classical dielectric response model in which the only input is Im(-1/ε) by using the QUEELS-ε(k,ω)-REELS software package. By Kramers-Kronig transformation of the determined Im(-1/ε), the real and imaginary parts (ε(1) and ε(2)) of the dielectric function, and the refractive index n and extinction coefficient k were determined for Cu, CuO, and Cu(2)O in the 0-100 eV energy range. Observed differences between Cu, CuO and Cu(2)O are mainly due to modifications of the 3d and O 2p electron configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahlang Tahir
- Department of Physics, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
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Tougaard S, Yubero F. Software package to calculate the effects of the core hole and surface excitations on XPS and AES. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.4855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Tougaard
- Department of Physics and Chemistry; University of Southern Denmark; DK5230 Odense M Denmark
| | - F. Yubero
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales (CSIC - U.Sevilla); E-41092 Sevilla Spain
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Pauly N, Novák M, Dubus A, Tougaard S. Comparison between surface excitation parameter obtained from QUEELS and SESINIPAC. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.4829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Pauly
- Service de Métrologie Nucléaire (CP 165/84); Université Libre de Bruxelles; 50 av. F. D. Roosevelt; B-1050; Brussels; Belgium
| | - M. Novák
- Service de Métrologie Nucléaire (CP 165/84); Université Libre de Bruxelles; 50 av. F. D. Roosevelt; B-1050; Brussels; Belgium
| | - A. Dubus
- Service de Métrologie Nucléaire (CP 165/84); Université Libre de Bruxelles; 50 av. F. D. Roosevelt; B-1050; Brussels; Belgium
| | - S. Tougaard
- Department of Physics and Chemistry; University of Southern Denmark; DK-5230; Odense M; Denmark
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Tahir D, Choi EH, Cho YJ, Oh SK, Kang HJ, Jin H, Heo S, Chung JG, Lee JC, Tougaard S. Electronic and optical properties of La-aluminate dielectric thin films on Si (100). SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.3590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Tahir D, Lee EK, Kwon HL, Kun Oh S, Kang HJ, Heo S, Lee EH, Chung JG, Lee JC, Tougaard S. Electronic and optical properties of GIZO thin film grown on SiO2/Si substrates. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.3364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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24
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Pauly N, Tougaard S. Model for Monte Carlo simulations of reflection electron energy loss spectra applied to Silicon at energies between 300 and 2000 eV. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.3277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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25
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Pauly N, Tougaard S. Surface excitation parameter for 12 semiconductors and determination of a general predictive formula. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.3081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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26
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27
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Pauly N, Tougaard S. Calculation of the angular distribution of the surface excitation parameter for Ti, Fe, Cu, Pd, Ag, and Au. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.2650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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28
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de la Cruz W, Yubero F. Electron inelastic mean free paths: influence of the modelling energy-loss function. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.2545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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29
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Kövér L, Powell CJ. Report on the 42nd IUVSTA workshop ‘Electron scattering in solids: from fundamental concepts to practical applications’. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.2137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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30
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Kövér L, Novák M, Egri S, Cserny I, Berényi Z, Tóth J, Varga D, Drube W, Yubero F, Tougaard S, Werner WSM. Intrinsic and extrinsic excitations in deep core photoelectron spectra of solid Ge. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.2134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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31
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Theoretical study of the surface excitation parameter from reflection-electron-energy-loss spectra. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.2126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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