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Di Cerbo A, Mescola A, Rosace G, Stocchi R, Rossi G, Alessandrini A, Preziuso S, Scarano A, Rea S, Loschi AR, Sabia C. Antibacterial Effect of Stainless Steel Surfaces Treated with a Nanotechnological Coating Approved for Food Contact. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020248. [PMID: 33530444 PMCID: PMC7910924 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stainless steel, widely present in the food industry, is frequently exposed to bacterial colonization with possible consequences on consumers' health. 288 stainless steel disks with different roughness (0.25, 0.5 and 1 μm) were challenged with four Gram-negative (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 1402, Yersinia enterocolitica ATCC 9610 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27588) and four Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 and Listeria monocytogenes NCTT 10888) and underwent three different sanitizing treatments (UVC, alcohol 70% v/v and Gold lotion). Moreover, the same procedure was carried out onto the same surfaces after a nanotechnological surface coating (nanoXHAM® D). A significant bactericidal effect was exerted by all of the sanitizing treatments against all bacterial strains regardless of roughness and surface coating. The nanoXHAM® D coating itself induced an overall bactericidal effect as well as in synergy with all sanitizing treatments regardless of roughness. Stainless steel surface roughness is poorly correlated with bacterial adhesion and only sanitizing treatments can exert significant bactericidal effects. Most of sanitizing treatments are toxic and corrosive causing the onset of crevices that are able to facilitate bacterial nesting and growth. This nanotechnological coating can reduce surface adhesion with consequent reduction of bacterial adhesion, nesting, and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Di Cerbo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (R.S.); (G.R.); (S.P.); (S.R.); (A.R.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0737-403466
| | - Andrea Mescola
- CNR-Nanoscience Institute-S3, 62024 Modena, Italy; (A.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Giuseppe Rosace
- Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Bergamo, 24044 Dalmine, Italy;
| | - Roberta Stocchi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (R.S.); (G.R.); (S.P.); (S.R.); (A.R.L.)
| | - Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (R.S.); (G.R.); (S.P.); (S.R.); (A.R.L.)
| | - Andrea Alessandrini
- CNR-Nanoscience Institute-S3, 62024 Modena, Italy; (A.M.); (A.A.)
- Department of Physics, Informatics e Mathematics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Silvia Preziuso
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (R.S.); (G.R.); (S.P.); (S.R.); (A.R.L.)
| | - Antonio Scarano
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Stefano Rea
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (R.S.); (G.R.); (S.P.); (S.R.); (A.R.L.)
| | - Anna Rita Loschi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (R.S.); (G.R.); (S.P.); (S.R.); (A.R.L.)
| | - Carla Sabia
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy;
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