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Cabeza JA, García-Álvarez P. Polydentate Amidinato-Silylenes, -Germylenes and -Stannylenes. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400786. [PMID: 38606572 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
This review article focuses on amidinatotetrylenes that potentially can (or have already shown to) behave as bi- or tridentate ligands because they contain at least one amidinatotetrylene moiety (silylene, germylene or stannylene) and one (or more) additional coordinable fragment(s). Currently, they are being widely used as ligands in coordination chemistry, small molecule activation and catalysis. This review classifies those that have been isolated as transition metal-free compounds into five families that differ in the position(s) of the donor group(s) (D) on the amidinatotetrylene moiety, namely: ED{R1NC(R2)NR1}, EX{DNC(R2)NR1}, EX{R1NC(D)NR1}, EX{DNC(R2)ND} and E{R1NC(R2)ND}2 (E=Si, Ge or Sn). Those that do not exist as transition metal-free compounds but have been observed as ligands in transition metal complexes are cyclometallated and ring-opened amidinatotetrylene ligands. This article presents schematic descriptions of their structures, the approaches used for their syntheses and a quick overview of their involvement (as ligands) in transition metal-catalysed reactions. The literature is covered up to the end of 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A Cabeza
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33071, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pablo García-Álvarez
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33071, Oviedo, Spain
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Alonso C, Cabeza JA, García-Álvarez P, García-Soriano R, Pérez-Carreño E. Amidinatotetrylenes Donor Functionalized on Both N Atoms: Structures and Coordination Chemistry. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:3118-3128. [PMID: 38289155 PMCID: PMC10865366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
E(hmds)(bqfam) (E = Ge (1a), Sn (1b); hmds = N(SiMe3)2, bqfam = N,N'-bis(quinol-8-yl)formamidinate), which are amidinatotetrylenes equipped with quinol-8-yl fragments on the amidinate N atoms, have been synthesized from the formamidine Hbqfam and Ge(hmds)2 or SnCl(hmds). Both 1a and 1b are fluxional in solution at room temperature, as the E atom oscillates from being attached to the two amidinate N atoms to being chelated by an amidinate N atom and its closest quinolyl N atom (both situations are similarly stable according to density functional theory calculations). The hmds group of 1a and 1b is still reactive and the deprotonation of another equivalent of Hbqfam can be achieved, allowing the formation of the homoleptic derivatives E(bqfam)2 (E = Ge, Sn). The reactions of 1a and 1b with [AuCl(tht)] (tht = tetrahydrothiophene), [PdCl2(MeCN)2], [PtCl2(cod)] (cod = cycloocta-1,5-diene), [Ru3(CO)12] and [Co2(CO)8] have been investigated. The gold(I) complexes [AuCl{κE-E(hmds)(bqfam)}] (E = Ge, Sn) have a monodentate κE-tetrylene ligand and display fluxional behavior in solution the same as that of 1a and 1b. However, the palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes [MCl{κ3E,N,N'-ECl(hmds)(bqfam)}] (M = Pd, Pt; E = Ge, Sn) contain a κ3E,N,N'-chloridotetryl ligand that arises from the insertion of the tetrylene E atom into an M-Cl bond and the coordination of an amidinate N atom and its closest quinolyl N atom to the metal center. Finally, the binuclear ruthenium(0) and cobalt(0) complexes [Ru2{μE-κ3E,N,N'-E(hmds)(bqfam)}(CO)6] and [Co2{μE-κ3E,N,N'-E(hmds)(bqfam)}(μ-CO)(CO)4] (E = Ge, Sn) have a related κ3E,N,N'-tetrylene ligand that bridges two metal atoms through the E atom. For the κ3E,N,N'-metal complexes, the quinolyl fragment not attached to the metal is pendant in all the germanium compounds but, for the tin derivatives, is attached to (in the Pd and Pt complexes) or may interact with (in the Ru2 and Co2 complexes) the tin atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Alonso
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación
en Química Avanzada ORFEO−CINQA, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Javier A. Cabeza
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación
en Química Avanzada ORFEO−CINQA, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pablo García-Álvarez
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación
en Química Avanzada ORFEO−CINQA, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rubén García-Soriano
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación
en Química Avanzada ORFEO−CINQA, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Enrique Pérez-Carreño
- Departamento
de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
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Cabeza JA, García F, García-Álvarez P, García-Soriano R, Pérez-Carreño E. Synthesis and Some Coordination Chemistry of Phosphane-Difunctionalized Bis(amidinato)-Heavier Tetrylenes: A Previously Unknown Class of PEP Tetrylenes (E = Ge and Sn). Inorg Chem 2023; 62:15502-15509. [PMID: 37696246 PMCID: PMC10523440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
The bis(amidinato)-heavier tetrylenes E(bzamP)2 (E = Ge (2a) and Sn (2b); bzamP = N-isopropyl-N'-(diphenylphosphanylethyl)benzamidinate), which are equipped with one heavier tetrylene (germylene or stannylene) and two phosphane fragments (one on each amidinate moiety) as coordinable groups, have been synthesized from the benzamidinum salt [H2bzamP]Cl and GeCl2(dioxane) or SnCl2 in 2:1 mol ratio. A preliminary inspection of their coordination chemistry has shown that their amidinate group can also be involved in the bonding with the metal atoms as tridentate ENP and tetradentate PENP' coordination modes have been observed for the ECl(bzamP)2 ligand of [Ir{κ3E,N,P-ECl(bzamP)2}(cod)] (E = Ge (3a) and Sn (3b); cod = η4-1,5-cyclooctadiene) and the E(bzamP)2 ligand of [Ni{κ4E,N,P,P'-E(bzamP)2}] (E = Ge (4a) and Sn (4b)), which are products of reactions of 2a and 2b with [IrCl(cod)]2 (1:0.5 mol ratio) and [Ni(cod)2] (1:1 mol ratio), respectively. These products contain a 5-membered NCNEM ring that results from the insertion of the metal M atom into an E-N bond of 2a and 2b. Additionally, while iridium(I) complexes 3a and 3b are chloridotetryl derivatives (insertion of the tetrylene E atom into the Ir-Cl bond has also occurred) that have an uncoordinated phosphane group, nickel(0) complexes 4a and 4b contain a tetrylene fragment that, maintaining the lone pair, behaves as a σ-acceptor (Z-type) ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A. Cabeza
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación
en Química Avanzada ORFEO−CINQA, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Felipe García
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación
en Química Avanzada ORFEO−CINQA, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
- School
of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Pablo García-Álvarez
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación
en Química Avanzada ORFEO−CINQA, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rubén García-Soriano
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación
en Química Avanzada ORFEO−CINQA, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Enrique Pérez-Carreño
- Departamento
de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
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Ruppert H, Greb L. Calix[4]pyrrolato Stannate(II): A Tetraamido Tin(II) Dianion and Strong Metal-Centered σ-Donor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116615. [PMID: 35019214 PMCID: PMC9306640 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Anionic, metal-centered nucleophiles are emerging compounds with unique reactivities. Here, we describe the isolation and full characterization of the first tetraamido tin(II) dianion, its behavior as ligand towards transition metals, and its reactivity as a tin-centered nucleophile. Experimental values such as the Tolman electronic parameter (TEP) and computations attest tin-located σ-donor ability exceeding that of carbenes or electron-rich phosphines. Against transition metals, the stannate(II) can act as η1 - or η5 -type ligand. With aldehydes, it reacts by hydride substitution to give valuable acyl stannates. The reductive dehalogenation of iodobenzene indicates facile redox pathways mediated by halogen bond interaction. Calix[4]pyrrolato stannate(II) represents the first example of this macrocyclic ligand in low-valent p-block element chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Ruppert
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Lutz Greb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry - Inorganic ChemistryFreie Universität BerlinFabeckstr. 34/3614195BerlinGermany
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
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Ruppert H, Greb L. Calix[4]pyrrolato Stannate(II): A Tetraamido Tin(II) Dianion and Strong Metal‐Centered σ‐Donor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Ruppert
- Ruprecht Karls Universität Heidelberg: Ruprecht Karls Universitat Heidelberg Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut GERMANY
| | - Lutz Greb
- Freie Universitat Berlin Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie Institut für Anorganische ChemieFabeckstr. 34-36 14195 Berlin GERMANY
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Zhong M, Wei J, Zhang WX, Xi Z. Synthesis and Reactivity of Side-Arm Phosphine Functionalized Amidinatosilylene- and Amidinatogermylene-Supported Nickel(0) Complexes. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingdong Zhong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junnian Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenfeng Xi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
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Chen X, Simler T, Yadav R, Gamer MT, Köppe R, Roesky PW. Reaction of an arsinoamide with chloro tetrylenes: substitution and As-N bond insertion. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:9315-9318. [PMID: 31310270 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04530a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of the arsinoamide [(Mes2AsNPh){Li(OEt2)2}] with the low-valent group 14 compounds, [{PhC(tBuN)2}ECl] (E = Si, Ge) and GeCl2·dioxane, resulted in two different reaction pathways: simple substitution or substitution accompanied by an insertion step. As a result, either insertion products with an As-Si[double bond, length as m-dash]N unit and an As-Ge bond, or substitution products, in which the intact arsinoamide binds to the group 14 elements via the N atom, were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstr. 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Thomas Simler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstr. 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Ravi Yadav
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstr. 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Michael T Gamer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstr. 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Ralf Köppe
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstr. 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Peter W Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstr. 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Bin Ismail ML, So CW. Synthesis of a dimeric phosphine-stabilized phosphidogermanium(i)-amidogermanium(ii) derivative. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:2074-2077. [PMID: 30693929 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09454c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a dimeric phosphine-stabilized phosphidogermanium(i)-amidogermanium(ii) derivative is described. The reaction of amidinato phosphinoamidosilylene [L{(Ar)(Ph2P)N}Si:] (1, L = PhC(NtBu)2, Ar = 2,6-iPr2C6H3) with GeCl2·dioxane afforded a phosphine-stabilized phosphidogermanium(i) dimer moiety in a mixed-valent germanium(i,ii) compound [:Ge(Cl){N(Ar)PPh2}(Ph2P)Ge:]2 (3). The mechanism for the formation of 3 is also studied and reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Luthfi Bin Ismail
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
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Pal S, Dasgupta R, Khan S. Acyclic α-Phosphinoamido-Germylene: Synthesis and Characterization. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Rajarshi Dasgupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Shabana Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411 008, India
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