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Das R, Paira P. GSH resistant, luminescent 2-(pyren-1-yl)-1 H-imidazo[4,5- f][1,10]phenanthroline-based Ru(II)/Ir(III)/Re(I) complexes for phototoxicity in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:15365-15376. [PMID: 37493615 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01667f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Selective chemotherapeutic strategies necessitate the emergence of a photosensitive scaffold to abate the nuisance of cancer. In the current context, photo-activated chemotherapy (PACT) has, therefore, appeared to be very effective to vanquish the vehemence of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Metal complexes have been identified to act well against cancer cell microenvironment (high GSH content, low pH, and hypoxia), and thus they have been employed in the treatment of various types of cancer. As TNBC is very challenging to treat owing to its poor prognosis, lack of a specific target, high chance of relapse, and strong metastatic ability, herein we have aspired to design GSH-resistant phototoxic Ru(II)/Ir(III)/Re(I) based pyrene imidazophenathroline complexes to selectively avert the triple-negative breast cancer. The application of complexes, [RuL], [IrL], and [ReL] in the absence and in the presence of GSH against MDA-MB-231TNBC cells, has revealed that they are very active upon irradiation of visible light compared to dark due to the creation of copious singlet oxygen (1O2) as reactive oxygen species (ROS). Among three synthesized complexes, [IrL] has shown outstanding potency (IC50 = 3.70 in the absence of GSH and IC50 = 3.90 in the presence of GSH). Also, the complex, [IrL] is capable of interacting with DNA with the highest binding constant (Kb = 0.023 × 106 M-1) along with higher protein binding affinity (KBSA = 0.0321 × 106 M-1). Here, it has been unveiled that all the complexes have been entitled to involve DNA covalent interaction through the available sites of both adenine and guanine bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishav Das
- Department of Chemistry, School of advanced sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Priyankar Paira
- Department of Chemistry, School of advanced sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamilnadu, India.
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2
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Ahmedova A, Mihaylova R, Stoykova S, Mihaylova V, Burdzhiev N, Elincheva V, Momekov G, Momekova D. Pyrenebutyrate Pt(IV) Complexes with Nanomolar Anticancer Activity. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2310. [PMID: 37765279 PMCID: PMC10537052 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on platinum-based anticancer drugs continuously strives to develop new non-classical platinum complexes. Pt(IV) prodrugs are the most promising, and their activation-by-reduction mechanism of action is being explored as a prospect for higher selectivity and efficiency. Herein, we present the anticancer potency and chemical reactivity of Pt(IV) complexes formed by linking pyrene butyric acid with cisplatin. The results from cytotoxicity screening on 10 types of cancer cell lines and non-malignant cells (HEK-293) indicated IC50 values as low as 50-70 nM for the monosubstituted Pt(IV) complex against leukemia cell lines (HL-60 and SKW3) and a cisplatin-resistant derivative (HL-60/CDDP). Interestingly, the bis-substituted complex is virtually non-toxic to both healthy and cancerous cells of adherent types. Nevertheless, it shows high cytotoxicity against multidrug-resistant derivatives HL-60/CDDP and HL-60/Dox. The reactivity of the complexes with biological reductants was monitored by the NMR method. Furthermore, the platinum uptake by the treated cells was examined on two types of cellular cultures: adherent and suspension growing, and proteome profiling was conducted to track expression changes of key apoptosis-related proteins in HL-60 cells. The general conclusion points to a possible cytoskeletal entrapment of the bulkier bis-pyrene complex that could be limiting its cytotoxicity to adherent cells, both cancerous and healthy ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anife Ahmedova
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University, 1, J. Bourchier Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (S.S.); (V.M.); (N.B.)
| | - Rositsa Mihaylova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, 2 Dunav Street, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (R.M.); (G.M.); (D.M.)
| | - Silviya Stoykova
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University, 1, J. Bourchier Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (S.S.); (V.M.); (N.B.)
| | - Veronika Mihaylova
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University, 1, J. Bourchier Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (S.S.); (V.M.); (N.B.)
| | - Nikola Burdzhiev
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University, 1, J. Bourchier Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (S.S.); (V.M.); (N.B.)
| | - Viktoria Elincheva
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, 2 Dunav Street, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (R.M.); (G.M.); (D.M.)
| | - Georgi Momekov
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, 2 Dunav Street, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (R.M.); (G.M.); (D.M.)
| | - Denitsa Momekova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, 2 Dunav Street, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (R.M.); (G.M.); (D.M.)
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3
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Annulation of Perimidines with 5-Alkynylpyrimidines en Route to 7-Formyl-1,3-Diazopyrenes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415657. [PMID: 36555299 PMCID: PMC9778996 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Unusual rearrangements were shown to accompany Brønsted acid-assisted peri-annulations of 1H-perimidines with 5-alkynylpyrimidines. These transformations take different routes depending on the nature of acetylene precursor, and lead to the formation of 7-formyl-1,3-diazopyrenes.
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Farine G, Migliore C, Terenzi A, Lo Celso F, Santoro A, Bruno G, Bonsignore R, Barone G. On the G‐Quadruplex Binding of a New Class of Nickel(II), Copper(II), and Zinc(II) Salphen‐Like Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Farine
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche Università degli Studi di Palermo Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 17 90128 Palermo Italy
| | - Claudio Migliore
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche Università degli Studi di Palermo Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 17 90128 Palermo Italy
| | - Alessio Terenzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche Università degli Studi di Palermo Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 17 90128 Palermo Italy
| | - Fabrizio Lo Celso
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica “E. Segre” Università degli Studi di Palermo Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 17 90128 Palermo Italy
- Institute of Structure of Matter National Research Council Laboratorio Liquidi Ionici Rome Italy
| | - Antonio Santoro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Biologiche Farmaceutiche e Ambientali Università degli Studi di Messina Via Stagno d'Alcontres 98166 Messina Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bruno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Biologiche Farmaceutiche e Ambientali Università degli Studi di Messina Via Stagno d'Alcontres 98166 Messina Italy
| | - Riccardo Bonsignore
- Department of Chemistry Technical University of Munich (TUM) Lichtenbergstr. 4 85748 Garching b. München Germany
| | - Giampaolo Barone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche Università degli Studi di Palermo Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 17 90128 Palermo Italy
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5
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Meier-Menches SM, Aikman B, Döllerer D, Klooster WT, Coles SJ, Santi N, Luk L, Casini A, Bonsignore R. Comparative biological evaluation and G-quadruplex interaction studies of two new families of organometallic gold(I) complexes featuring N-heterocyclic carbene and alkynyl ligands. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 202:110844. [PMID: 31739113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Experimental organometallic gold(I) compounds hold promise for anticancer therapy. This study reports the synthesis of two novel families of gold(I) complexes, including N1-substituted bis-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes of general formula [Au(N1-TBM)2]BF4 (N1-TBM = N1-substituted 9-methyltheobromin-8-ylidene) and mixed gold(I) NHC-alkynyl complexes, [Au(N1-TBM)alkynyl]. The compounds were fully characterised for their structure and stability in aqueous environment and in the presence of N-acetyl cysteine by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The structures of bis(1-ethyl-3,7,9-trimethylxanthin-8-ylidene)gold(I), (4-ethynylpyridine)(1,9-dimethyltheobromine-8-ylidene)gold(I) and of (2,8-Diethyl-10-(4-ethynylphenyl)-5,5-difluoro-1,3,7,9-tetramethyl-5H-4λ4,5λ4-dipyrrolo[1,2-c:2',1'-f][1,3,2]diazaborinine)(1,3,7,9-tetramethylxanthin-8-ylidene)gold(I) were also confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The compounds were studied for their properties as DNA G-quadruplex (G4 s) stabilizers by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) DNA melting. Only the cationic [Au(N1-TBM)2]BF4 family showed moderate G4 stabilization properties with respect to the previously reported benchmark compound [Au(9-methylcaffein-8-ylidene)2]+ (AuTMX2). However, the compounds also showed marked selectivity for binding to G4 structures with respect to duplex DNA in competition experiments. For selected complexes, the interactions with G4 s were also confirmed by circular dichroism (CD) studies. Furthermore, the gold(I) complexes were assessed for their antiproliferative effects in human cancer cells in vitro, displaying moderate activity. Of note, among the mixed gold(I) NHC-alkynyl compounds, one features a fluorescent boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) moiety which allowed determining its uptake into the cytoplasm of cancer cells by fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M Meier-Menches
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF103AT, United Kingdom
| | - Brech Aikman
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF103AT, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Döllerer
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF103AT, United Kingdom
| | - Wim T Klooster
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J Coles
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolò Santi
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF103AT, United Kingdom
| | - Louis Luk
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF103AT, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Casini
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF103AT, United Kingdom; Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Riccardo Bonsignore
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF103AT, United Kingdom.
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Karami K, Ramezanpour A, Zakariazadeh M, Shahpiri A, Kharaziha M, Kazeminasab A. Luminescent Palladacycles Containing a Pyrene Chromophor; Synthesis, Biological and Computational Studies of the Interaction with DNA and BSA. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazem Karami
- Department of ChemistryIsfahan University of Technology Isfahan 84156/83111 Iran
| | - Azar Ramezanpour
- Department of ChemistryIsfahan University of Technology Isfahan 84156/83111 Iran
| | - Mostafa Zakariazadeh
- Research Institute for Fundamental Sciences (RIFS) University of Tabriz Tabriz Iran
| | - Azar Shahpiri
- Department of BiotechnologyCollege of AgricultureIsfahan University of Technology Isfahan Iran
| | - Mahshid Kharaziha
- Department of Materials EngineeringIsfahan Univezrsity of Technology Isfahan Iran
| | - Akram Kazeminasab
- Department of BiotechnologyCollege of AgricultureIsfahan University of Technology Isfahan Iran
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7
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Amirbekyan K, Mansot J, Ohara K, Markarian SA, Vasseur JJ, Smietana M. Template-directed excimer formation via specific non-covalent interactions between pyrene guanidinium derivatives and nucleic acids. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Bonsignore R, Russo F, Terenzi A, Spinello A, Lauria A, Gennaro G, Almerico AM, Keppler BK, Barone G. The interaction of Schiff Base complexes of nickel(II) and zinc(II) with duplex and G-quadruplex DNA. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 178:106-114. [PMID: 29128495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Bonsignore
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Russo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessio Terenzi
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringerstr. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; Research Platform "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelo Spinello
- CNR-IOM-Democritos National Simulation Center c/o SISSA, via Bonomea 265, 34165 Trieste, Italy
| | - Antonino Lauria
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gennaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Almerico
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Bernhard K Keppler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringerstr. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; Research Platform "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giampaolo Barone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
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