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Korotaev VY, Kutyashev IB, Sannikov MS, Mishchenko MA, Zavyalova LS, Kochnev IA, Barkov AY, Zimnitskiy NS, Sosnovskikh VY. Tunable Zinc-Mediated Reductive Cyclization of Diastereomeric 3-Nitro-4-phenacyl-2-(trihalomethyl)chromanes to Fused Pyrroline N-Oxides, Pyrrolines, and Pyrrolidines. J Org Chem 2024; 89:1567-1590. [PMID: 38243900 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Reductive cyclization of trans,trans- and trans,cis-isomers of the 2-CF3-substituted 3-nitro-4-phenacylchromanes with Zn-based reductive systems, depending on the conditions, affords 4-CF3-substituted 1,3a,4,9b-tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]pyrrole 3-oxides, 1,3a,4,9b-tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]pyrroles, or 1,2,3,3a,4,9b-hexahydrochromeno[3,4-b]pyrroles in good yields without changing the relative configuration of the pyran ring. A similar process involving the 2-CCl3-substituted 3-nitro-4-phenacylchromanes is accompanied by reductive dehalogenation to form the corresponding 4-dichloromethyl-substituted fused chromanes along with the 3-(2-hydroxyaryl)-2-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-5-phenyl-2H-pyrroline 1-oxides as pyran ring opening products. The structure and relative configuration of the obtained products was reliably confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis and 2D NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav Y Korotaev
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620000 Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - Igor B Kutyashev
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620000 Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - Maxim S Sannikov
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620000 Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - Maria A Mishchenko
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620000 Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - Lyudmila S Zavyalova
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620000 Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - Ivan A Kochnev
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620000 Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey Y Barkov
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620000 Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolay S Zimnitskiy
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620000 Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - Vyacheslav Y Sosnovskikh
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620000 Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
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Vera S, Landa A, Mielgo A, Ganboa I, Oiarbide M, Soloshonok V. Catalytic Asymmetric α-Functionalization of α-Branched Aldehydes. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062694. [PMID: 36985666 PMCID: PMC10056299 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldehydes constitute a main class of organic compounds widely applied in synthesis. As such, catalyst-controlled enantioselective α-functionalization of aldehydes has attracted great interest over the years. In this context, α-branched aldehydes are especially challenging substrates because of reactivity and selectivity issues. Firstly, the transient trisubstituted enamines and enolates resulting upon treatment with an aminocatalyst or a base, respectively, would exhibit attenuated reactivity; secondly, mixtures of E- and Z-configured enamines/enolates may be formed; and third, effective face-discrimination on such trisubstituted sp2 carbon intermediates by the incoming electrophilic reagent is not trivial. Despite these issues, in the last 15 years, several catalytic approaches for the α-functionalization of prostereogenic α-branched aldehydes that proceed in useful yields and diastereo- and enantioselectivity have been uncovered. Developments include both organocatalytic and metal-catalyzed approaches as well as dual catalysis strategies for forging new carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom (C-O, N, S, F, Cl, Br, …) bond formation at Cα of the starting aldehyde. In this review, some key early contributions to the field are presented, but focus is on the most recent methods, mainly covering the literature from year 2014 onward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Vera
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Aitor Landa
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Antonia Mielgo
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (M.O.)
| | - Iñaki Ganboa
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Mikel Oiarbide
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (M.O.)
| | - Vadim Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
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García‐Urricelqui A, Cózar A, Campano TE, Mielgo A, Palomo C. syn
‐Selective Michael Reaction of α‐Branched Aryl Acetaldehydes with Nitroolefins Promoted by Squaric Amino Acid Derived Bifunctional Brønsted Bases. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ane García‐Urricelqui
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU Manuel Lardizábal 3 20018 San Sebastián Spain
| | - Abel Cózar
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU Manuel Lardizábal 3 20018 San Sebastián Spain
- IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science 48009 Blbao Spain
| | - Teresa E. Campano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU Manuel Lardizábal 3 20018 San Sebastián Spain
| | - Antonia Mielgo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU Manuel Lardizábal 3 20018 San Sebastián Spain
| | - Claudio Palomo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU Manuel Lardizábal 3 20018 San Sebastián Spain
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Das T, Mohapatra S, Mishra NP, Nayak S, Raiguru BP. Recent Advances in Organocatalytic Asymmetric Michael Addition Reactions to α, β‐Unsaturated Nitroolefins. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tapaswini Das
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry Ravenshaw University Cuttack 753003, Odisha India
| | - Seetaram Mohapatra
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry Ravenshaw University Cuttack 753003, Odisha India
| | - Nilima P. Mishra
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry Ravenshaw University Cuttack 753003, Odisha India
| | - Sabita Nayak
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry Ravenshaw University Cuttack 753003, Odisha India
| | - Bishnu P. Raiguru
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry Ravenshaw University Cuttack 753003, Odisha India
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Möhler JS, Schnitzer T, Wennemers H. Amine Catalysis with Substrates Bearing N-Heterocyclic Moieties Enabled by Control over the Enamine Pyramidalization Direction. Chemistry 2020; 26:15623-15628. [PMID: 32573875 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stereoselective organocatalytic C-C bond formations that tolerate N-heterocycles are valuable since these moieties are common motifs in numerous chiral bioactive compounds. Such transformations are, however, challenging since N-heterocyclic moieties can interfere with the catalytic reaction. Here, we present a peptide that catalyzes conjugate addition reactions between aldehydes and nitroolefins bearing a broad range of different N-heterocyclic moieties with basic and/or H-bonding sites in excellent yields and stereoselectivities. Tuning of the pyramidalization direction of the enamine intermediate enabled the high stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper S Möhler
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Schnitzer
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Helma Wennemers
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
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Castro-Alvarez A, Carneros H, Calafat J, Costa AM, Marco C, Vilarrasa J. NMR and Computational Studies on the Reactions of Enamines with Nitroalkenes That May Pass through Cyclobutanes. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:18167-18194. [PMID: 31720519 PMCID: PMC6844152 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The addition of aldehyde enamines to nitroalkenes affords cyclobutanes in all solvents, with all of the pyrrolidine and proline derivatives tested by us and with all of the substrates we have examined. Depending on the temperature, concentration of water, solvent polarity, and other factors, the opening and hydrolysis of such a four-membered ring may take place rapidly or last for several days, producing the final Michael-like adducts (4-nitrobutanals). Thirteen new cyclobutanes have now been characterized by NMR spectroscopy. As could be expected, s-trans-enamine conformers give rise to all-trans-(4S)-4-nitrocyclobutylpyrrolidines, while s-cis-enamine conformers afford all-trans-(4R)-4-nitrocyclobutylpyrrolidines. These four-membered rings can isomerize to adduct enamines, which should be hydrolyzed via their iminium ions. MP2 and M06-2X calculations predict that one iminium ion is more stable than the other iminium species, so that protonation of the adduct enamines can be quite stereoselective; in the presence of water, the so-called syn adducts (e.g., OCH-*CHR-*CHPh-CH2NO2, with R and Ph syn) eventually become the major products. Why one syn adduct is obtained with aldehydes, whereas cyclic ketones (the predicted ring-fused cyclobutanes of which isomerize to their enamines more easily) produce the other syn adduct, is also explained by means of molecular orbital calculations. Nitro-Michael reactions of aldehyde enamines that "stop" at the nitrocyclobutane stage and final enamine stage do not work catalytically, as known, but those of cyclic ketone enamines that do not work stop at the final enamine stage (if their hydrolysis to the corresponding nitroethylketones is less favorable than expected). These and other facts are accounted for, and the proposals of the groups led by Seebach and Hayashi, Blackmond, and Pihko and Papai are reconciled.
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Szcześniak P, Buda S, Lefevre L, Staszewska-Krajewska O, Mlynarski J. Total Asymmetric Synthesis of (+)-Paroxetine and (+)-Femoxetine. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Szcześniak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Szymon Buda
- Faculty of Chemistry; Jagiellonian University; Gronostajowa 2 30-387 Krakow Poland
| | - Laura Lefevre
- Faculty of Chemistry; Jagiellonian University; Gronostajowa 2 30-387 Krakow Poland
| | | | - Jacek Mlynarski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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Szcześniak P, Staszewska-Krajewska O, Mlynarski J. Asymmetric total synthesis of (+)-asenapine. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:3225-3231. [PMID: 30840011 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00178f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric total synthesis of (+)-asenapine, an atypical antipsychotic drug, used for treating schizophrenia and acute mania associated with bipolar disorder, is reported. The key steps are the organocatalytic Michael addition of aldehydes to trans-nitroalkenes and subsequent reductive cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Szcześniak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
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9
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Solid supported Hayashi–Jørgensen catalyst as an efficient and recyclable organocatalyst for asymmetric Michael addition reactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Alonso DA, Baeza A, Chinchilla R, Gómez C, Guillena G, Pastor IM, Ramón DJ. Recent Advances in Asymmetric Organocatalyzed Conjugate Additions to Nitroalkenes. Molecules 2017; 22:E895. [PMID: 28555049 PMCID: PMC6152790 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The asymmetric conjugate addition of carbon and heteroatom nucleophiles to nitroalkenes is a very interesting tool for the construction of highly functionalized synthetic building blocks. Thanks to the rapid development of asymmetric organocatalysis, significant progress has been made during the last years in achieving efficiently this process, concerning chiral organocatalysts, substrates and reaction conditions. This review surveys the advances in asymmetric organocatalytic conjugate addition reactions to α,β-unsaturated nitroalkenes developed between 2013 and early 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Alonso
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Institute of Organic Synthesis (ISO), Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, PO Box 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Baeza
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Institute of Organic Synthesis (ISO), Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, PO Box 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Rafael Chinchilla
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Institute of Organic Synthesis (ISO), Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, PO Box 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Cecilia Gómez
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Institute of Organic Synthesis (ISO), Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, PO Box 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Gabriela Guillena
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Institute of Organic Synthesis (ISO), Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, PO Box 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Isidro M Pastor
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Institute of Organic Synthesis (ISO), Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, PO Box 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Diego J Ramón
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Institute of Organic Synthesis (ISO), Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, PO Box 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
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