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Sethi S, Jana NC, Panda S, Maharana SK, Bagh B. Copper( i)-catalyzed click chemistry in deep eutectic solvent for the syntheses of β- d-glucopyranosyltriazoles †. RSC Adv 2023; 13:10424-10432. [PMID: 37020881 PMCID: PMC10069229 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01844j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, click chemistry has progressed as a powerful tool in joining two different molecular units to generate fascinating structures with a widespread application in various branch of sciences. copper(i)-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction, also known as click chemistry, has been extensively utilized as a versatile strategy for the rapid and selective formation of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles. The successful use of CuAAC reaction for the preparation of biologically active triazole-attached carbohydrate-containing molecular architectures is an emerging area of glycoscience. In this regard, a well-defined copper(i)–iodide complex (1) with a tridentate NNO ligand (L1) was synthesized and effectively utilized as an active catalyst. Instead of using potentially hazardous reaction media such as DCM or toluene, the use of deep eutectic solvent (DES), an emerging class of green solvent, is advantageous for the syntheses of triazole-glycohybrids. The present work shows, for the first time, the successful use of DES as a reaction medium to click various glycosides and terminal alkynes in the presence of sodium azide. Various 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-glucopyranosyltriazoles were synthesized and the pure products were isolated by using a very simple work-up process (filtration). The reaction media was recovered and recycled in five consecutive runs. The presented catalytic protocol generated very minimum waste as reflected by a low E-factor (2.21–3.12). Finally, the optimized reaction conditions were evaluated with the CHEM21 green metrics toolkit. A well-defined copper(i)–iodide complex was effectively utilized as an active catalyst for azide–alkyne cycloaddition to synthesize various 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-glucopyranosyltriazoles in deep eutectic solvents as a reusable reaction media.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrat Sethi
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National InstituteJatni, KhurdaBhubaneswarOdishaPIN 752050India
| | - Narayan Ch. Jana
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National InstituteJatni, KhurdaBhubaneswarOdishaPIN 752050India
| | - Surajit Panda
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National InstituteJatni, KhurdaBhubaneswarOdishaPIN 752050India
| | - Suraj Kumar Maharana
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National InstituteJatni, KhurdaBhubaneswarOdishaPIN 752050India
| | - Bidraha Bagh
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National InstituteJatni, KhurdaBhubaneswarOdishaPIN 752050India
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Agrahari AK, Bose P, Jaiswal MK, Rajkhowa S, Singh AS, Hotha S, Mishra N, Tiwari VK. Cu(I)-Catalyzed Click Chemistry in Glycoscience and Their Diverse Applications. Chem Rev 2021; 121:7638-7956. [PMID: 34165284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Copper(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between organic azides and terminal alkynes, commonly known as CuAAC or click chemistry, has been identified as one of the most successful, versatile, reliable, and modular strategies for the rapid and regioselective construction of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles as diversely functionalized molecules. Carbohydrates, an integral part of living cells, have several fascinating features, including their structural diversity, biocompatibility, bioavailability, hydrophilicity, and superior ADME properties with minimal toxicity, which support increased demand to explore them as versatile scaffolds for easy access to diverse glycohybrids and well-defined glycoconjugates for complete chemical, biochemical, and pharmacological investigations. This review highlights the successful development of CuAAC or click chemistry in emerging areas of glycoscience, including the synthesis of triazole appended carbohydrate-containing molecular architectures (mainly glycohybrids, glycoconjugates, glycopolymers, glycopeptides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycoclusters, and glycodendrimers through regioselective triazole forming modular and bio-orthogonal coupling protocols). It discusses the widespread applications of these glycoproducts as enzyme inhibitors in drug discovery and development, sensing, gelation, chelation, glycosylation, and catalysis. This review also covers the impact of click chemistry and provides future perspectives on its role in various emerging disciplines of science and technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand K Agrahari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Priyanka Bose
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Manoj K Jaiswal
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Sanchayita Rajkhowa
- Department of Chemistry, Jorhat Institute of Science and Technology (JIST), Jorhat, Assam 785010, India
| | - Anoop S Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Srinivas Hotha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science and Engineering Research (IISER), Pune, Maharashtra 411021, India
| | - Nidhi Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Vinod K Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
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Kumar M, Gupta N, Singh AP. Malonyl-based Chemosensors: Selective Detection of Fe 3+ Ion in Aqueous Medium. ANAL SCI 2020; 36:659-666. [PMID: 31761811 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19p299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Two novel malonyl-based chemosensors, N,N'-bis(ethyl-4'-benzoate)-1,3-propanediamide (1) and N,N'-bis(ethyl-3'-benzoate)-1,3-propanediamide (2), have been synthesized and screened towards various biologically important metal ions such as Na+, Mg2+, K+, Ca2+, Al3+, Cr3+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Ag+, Cd2+, Hg2+, Ti3+, and Pb2+. The emission spectral studies of both 1 and 2 displayed 84 - 91% turn-off emission responses selectively with Fe3+ ion in aqueous buffer (MeCN/H2O, 1:4, v/v, pH = 7.4) solution. Chemosensors 1 and 2 exhibited remarkable sensing ability towards Fe3+ ion over other metal ions with limit of detection (LOD) of 4.28 and 4.33 μM, respectively. The binding stoichiometry of 1 and 2 with Fe3+ ion was studied by Benesi-Hildebrand fitting, Stern-Volmer plot and Job's plots, revealing that both chemosensors (1 - 2) bind with Fe3+ metal ion in 1:1 stoichiometric ratio with the apparent association constant (Ka) 8.90 × 103 and 11.16 × 103 M-1, respectively. Furthermore, the interactions of chemosensors (1 - 2) with metal ion were also investigated by using density functional theory (DFT) at B3LYP hybrid functional using 6-31G and LanL2DZ basis sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monu Kumar
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Institute of Technology Delhi
| | - Neha Gupta
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Institute of Technology Delhi
| | - Amit Pratap Singh
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Institute of Technology Delhi
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Mishra N, Agrahari AK, Bose P, Singh SK, Singh AS, Tiwari VK. Click Inspired Synthesis of Novel Cinchonidine Glycoconjugates as Promising Plasmepsin Inhibitors. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3586. [PMID: 32108142 PMCID: PMC7046651 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59477-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Among all the malaria parasites, P. falciparum is the most predominant species which has developed drug resistance against most of the commercial anti-malarial drugs. Thus, finding a new molecule for the inhibition of enzymes of P. falciparum is the pharmacological challenge in present era. Herein, ten novel molecules have been designed with an amalgamation of cinchonidine, carbohydrate moiety and triazole ring by utilizing copper-catalyzed click reaction of cinchonidine-derived azide and clickable glycosyl alkynes. The molecular docking of developed molecules showed promising results for plasmepsin inhibition in the form of effective binding with target proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Anand K Agrahari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Priyanka Bose
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Sumit K Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Anoop S Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Vinod K Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Agrahari AK, Singh. AS, Mukherjee R, Tiwari VK. An expeditious click approach towards the synthesis of galactose coated novel glyco-dendrimers and dentromers utilizing a double stage convergent method. RSC Adv 2020; 10:31553-31562. [PMID: 35520637 PMCID: PMC9056565 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05289b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary motive behind this article is to bring to the forefront a unique kind of dendrimer which has remained a dark horse since its discovery, namely dentromer. We herein report the synthesis of glycodendrimers and glycodentromers crowned with galactose units by harnessing an expeditious synthesis of dendrimer core 18 and dentromer core 19, divergently with branching directionality (1 → 2) and (1 → 3), respectively. A competent, double stage convergent synthetic path was chosen to facilitate ease of refining and spectroscopic elucidations. By exploiting a Cu(i)-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction strategy, we successfully developed a new series of galactosylated dendrimers 20, 21, 22, and 24 containing 6, 12, 18, and 18 peripheral galactose units, respectively. We are first to report the practical synthesis of 9-peripheral galactose coated glycodentromer 23 (0th generation) and 27-peripheral galactose coated glycodentromer 25 (1st generation). These synthesized scaffolds were characterized by spectral studies such as 1H, 13C NMR, FT-IR, MALDI-TOF MS, HRMS and SEC analysis. Additionally, gel permeation chromatography depicted the regular progression in size from 6 to 27-peripheral galactose coated glycodendrimers along with glycodentromers, with their high monodispersity. Also, the glyco-dendrimers and dentromers synthesized from two different hypercore units i.e. dendrimers core (18) and dentromer core (19), have been supported by their UV-visible absorbance and emission spectroscopy. A proficient double stage convergent approach has been exploited for an easy access of galactose coated novel glycodendrimers and dentromers under CuAAC click condition.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand K. Agrahari
- Department of Chemistry
- Centre of Advanced Study
- Institute of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221005
| | - Anoop S. Singh.
- Department of Chemistry
- Centre of Advanced Study
- Institute of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221005
| | - Rishav Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry
- Centre of Advanced Study
- Institute of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221005
| | - Vinod K. Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry
- Centre of Advanced Study
- Institute of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221005
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