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Alvi S, Sil A, Maity S, Singh V, Guchhait B, Ali R. C3-Symmetric Indole-Based Truxenes: Design, Synthesis, and Photophysical Studies. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:9098-9108. [PMID: 38434898 PMCID: PMC10905574 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, truxenes and related polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have engrossed ample interest of the scientific community because of their ease of synthesis, functionalizations, and use as building blocks for the synthesis of fullerene fragments, liquid crystals, larger polyarenes, and C3-tripod materials. In the present work, we have disclosed an ingenious method for the construction of various indolo-truxene hybrid molecules in good yields (52-90%), by means of the acid-catalyzed cotrimerization, Friedel-Crafts acylation, and Fischer indole synthesis, and fully characterized them through the standard spectroscopic techniques. The photophysical properties of the thus-prepared compounds have also been investigated using steady-state absorption and fluorescence and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy techniques. Moreover, the density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) calculations have been studied to correlate them with the measured photophysical properties of the synthesized indolo-truxene derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakeel Alvi
- Department
of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, Okhla, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Arnab Sil
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Dadri, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Sayantan Maity
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Dadri, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Vikash Singh
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Dadri, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Biswajit Guchhait
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Dadri, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Rashid Ali
- Department
of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, Okhla, New Delhi 110025, India
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Ali R, Chinnam AK, Aswar VR. The Double and Triple Role of L-(+)-tartaric Acid and Dimethyl Urea: A Prevailing Green Approach in Organic Synthesis. CURR ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272825666210111111313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The deep eutectic mixtures (DESs), introduced as a novel alternative to usual volatile
organic solvents for organic transformations, have attracted tremendous attention of the
research community because of their low cost, negligible vapour pressure, low toxicity, biodegradability,
recyclability, insensitivity towards moisture, and ready availability from bulk
renewable resources. Although the low melting mixture of dimethyl urea (DMU)/L-(+)-
tartaric acid (TA) is still in infancy, it is very effective as it plays multiple roles such as solvent,
catalyst and/or reagent in the same pot for many crucial organic transformations. These
unique properties of the DMU/TA mixture prompted us to provide a quick overview of where
the field stands presently and where it might be going in the near future. To our best knowledge,
no review dealing with the applications of a low melting mixture of DMU/TA appeared
in the literature except the one published in 2017, describing only the chemistry of indole systems. Therefore, we
intended to reveal the developments of this versatile, low melting mixture in the modern organic synthesis since its
first report in 2011 by Köenig’s team to date. Hopefully, the present review article will be useful to the researcher
working not only in the arena of synthetic organic chemistry but also to the scientists working in other branches of
science and technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashid Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Chinnam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, 83844-2343, United States
| | - Vikas R. Aswar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
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Kotha S, Meshram M, Panguluri NR, Shah VR, Todeti S, Shirbhate ME. Synthetic Approaches to Star-Shaped Molecules with 1,3,5-Trisubstituted Aromatic Cores. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:1356-1403. [PMID: 30762307 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we summarize the synthetic approaches that have been developed for the synthesis of star-shaped molecules. Typically, to design such highly functionalized molecules, simple building blocks are first assembled through trimerization reactions, starting from commercially available starting materials. Then, these building blocks are synthetically manipulated to generate extended star-shaped molecules. We also discuss the syntheses of star-shaped molecules that contain 2,4,6-trisubstituted 1,3,5-triazine or 1,3,5-trisubstituted benzene rings as a central core and diverse substituted styrene, phenyl, and fluorene derivatives at their periphery, which endows these molecules with extended conjugation. A variety of metal-catalyzed reactions, such as Suzuki, Buchwald-Hartwig, Sonogashira, Heck, and Negishi cross-coupling reactions, as well as metathesis, have been employed to functionalize a range of star-shaped molecules. The methods described herein will be helpful for designing a wide range of intricate compounds that are highly valuable in the fields of supramolecular chemistry and materials science. Owing to space limitations, we will not cover all of the publications on this topic. Instead, we will focus on examples that were reported by our research group and other relevant recent literature. Apart from the trimerization sequence, this Minireview has been structured based on the key reactions that were used to prepare the star-shaped molecules and other higher analogues. Finally, some examples that do not fit into this classification are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambasivarao Kotha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Milind Meshram
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Nageswara Rao Panguluri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Vrajesh R Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Saidulu Todeti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Mukesh E Shirbhate
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
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Kotha S, Todeti S. Synthesis of C3-Symmetric star-shaped molecules containing 1,3-azoles via hetero-aryl Heck coupling. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kotha S, Todeti S. Synthesis of C 3-symmetric star-shaped molecules containing α-amino acids and dipeptides via Negishi coupling as a key step. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:371-377. [PMID: 30800186 PMCID: PMC6369998 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate a new synthetic strategy toward star-shaped C3-symmetric molecules containing α-amino acid (AAA) derivatives and dipeptides. In this regard, trimerization and Negishi cross-coupling reactions are used as the key steps starting from readily available 4’-iodoacetophenone and L-serine. These C3-symmetric molecules containing AAA moieties are useful to design new ligands suitable for asymmetric synthesis and peptide dendrimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambasivarao Kotha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India
| | - Saidulu Todeti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India
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Kotha S, Todeti S, Aswar VR. Design and synthesis of C 3-symmetric molecules bearing propellane moieties via cyclotrimerization and a ring-closing metathesis sequence. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:2537-2544. [PMID: 30410614 PMCID: PMC6204777 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We have developed an efficient synthetic strategy to assemble C 3-symmetric molecules containing propellane moieties as end groups and a benzene ring as a central core. The synthesis of these C 3-symmetric molecules involves simple starting materials. Our approach to C 3-symmetric compounds relies on a Diels-Alder reaction, cyclotrimerization and ring-closing metathesis as key steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambasivarao Kotha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India
| | - Saidulu Todeti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India
| | - Vikas R Aswar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India
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Sun N, Li D, Hou J, Long W, Guo Q, Lu Y, Zhang K, Yuan W, Wong WL. A propeller-like small molecule as a novel G-quadruplex DNA binder: The study of fluorescent sensing property and preferential interactions with human telo21 structure. Chem Biol Drug Des 2018; 93:979-985. [PMID: 30218500 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A new propeller-like small molecule was synthesized with three terminal amino side groups. The molecule was found to be a selective nucleic acid binder towards telo21 G-quadruplex DNA compared with other representative nucleic acids including single-stranded DNA (dA21), duplex DNA (ds26) and RNA. The fluorescent signal of the molecule upon interaction with telo21 G-quadruplex structure shows remarkable enhancement (Fmax /F0 = 17.9) while interaction with other nucleic acids shows the signal enhancement which is less than 2.1. In addition, a good linear relationship of binding signal correlated with the concentration of telo21 DNA was obtained. Molecular docking study was also performed to acquire the binding behaviour and its interaction modes of the molecule with the structure of human telomeric DNA G-quadruplex. The modelling results show that the three conjugated terminal units (dimethylaminobenzyl groups) associated through the ethylene bridges with the central methylated pyridine ring formed a co-planar conformation upon stacking onto the G-quartets via pi-pi stacking interactions. This could be the key reason that the molecule shows excellent fluorescent signal of binding towards telo21 G-quadruplex DNA rather than other types of nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Sun
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongli Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China.,International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China
| | - Jinqiang Hou
- Institute of Natural Medicine and Green Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Long
- Institute of Natural Medicine and Green Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujing Lu
- Institute of Natural Medicine and Green Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China.,International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China
| | - Wenchang Yuan
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wing-Leung Wong
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China.,International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China
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Kotha S, Todeti S, Das T, Datta A. Synthesis of star-shaped pyrrole-based C3-symmetric molecules via ring-closing metathesis, Buchwald–Hartwig cross-coupling and Clauson–Kaas pyrrole synthesis as key steps. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.01.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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