1
|
Cosentino F, Michenzi C, Di Noi A, Salvitti C, Pepi F, de Petris G, Chiarotto I, Troiani A. Photo-activated Carbon dots (CDs) as Catalysts in the Knoevenagel Condensation: A Mechanistic Study by Dual-Mode Monitoring via ESI-MS. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202400174. [PMID: 38771069 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) obtained from 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (5-HMF) were activated by a 365 nm-UV irradiation source and employed in the Knoevenagel condensation to investigate their photocatalytic mechanism. To this end, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was used to monitor the time progress of the condensation and follow the formation of the final product in positive and negative ion modes at once. The intervention of the superoxide radical anion in the photocatalytic mechanism of CDs was highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cosentino
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, "Sapienza" University of Rome P.le Aldo, Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Cinzia Michenzi
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Via Castro Laurenziano 7, 00161, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessia Di Noi
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, "Sapienza" University of Rome P.le Aldo, Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Chiara Salvitti
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, "Sapienza" University of Rome P.le Aldo, Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Federico Pepi
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, "Sapienza" University of Rome P.le Aldo, Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Giulia de Petris
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, "Sapienza" University of Rome P.le Aldo, Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Isabella Chiarotto
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Via Castro Laurenziano 7, 00161, Roma, Italy
| | - Anna Troiani
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, "Sapienza" University of Rome P.le Aldo, Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Salvitti C, Pepi F, Managò M, Bortolami M, Michenzi C, Chiarotto I, Troiani A, de Petris G. Free N-heterocyclic carbenes from Brønsted acidic ionic liquids: Direct detection by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2022; 36:e9338. [PMID: 35729083 PMCID: PMC9542177 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The occurrence of N-heterocyclic carbenes in imidazolium-based ionic liquids has long been discussed, but no spectroscopic evidence has been reported yet due to their transient nature. The insertion of an ionizable acid group into the cation scaffold of an ionic liquid which acts as a charge tag allows for the direct detection of free carbenes by mass spectrometry. METHODS Three different Brønsted acidic ionic liquids were synthesized: 1-methyl-3-carboxymethylimidazolium chloride (MAICl), 1-methyl-3-carboxymethylimidazolium acetate (MAIAc) and the corresponding 2-(3-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium-1-yl)acetate zwitterion (MAI - H). The speciation of these compounds was then analysed by electrospray ionization ion-trap mass spectrometry in the negative ion mode. RESULTS The C2-H deprotonation of the imidazolium cation leading to the formation of the corresponding carbene is highly affected by the basic properties of the counter-anion. In the case of MAICl and MAI - H ionic liquids, no charged species corresponding to the free N-heterocyclic carbene was detected. On the contrary, in the presence of a sufficiently basic anion, such as acetate of MAIAc ionic liquid, an intense signal related to the free carbenic species was observed without the addition of an external base. CONCLUSIONS In situ formation of free N-heterocyclic carbenes from Brønsted acidic ionic liquids was demonstrated, highlighting the crucial role of anion basicity in promoting the C2-H proton abstraction from imidazolium cations with a carboxylic side chain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Salvitti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del FarmacoSapienza Università di RomaRomeItaly
| | - Federico Pepi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del FarmacoSapienza Università di RomaRomeItaly
| | - Marta Managò
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del FarmacoSapienza Università di RomaRomeItaly
| | - Martina Bortolami
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Base e Applicate per l'IngegneriaSapienza Università di RomaRomeItaly
| | - Cinzia Michenzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Base e Applicate per l'IngegneriaSapienza Università di RomaRomeItaly
| | - Isabella Chiarotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Base e Applicate per l'IngegneriaSapienza Università di RomaRomeItaly
| | - Anna Troiani
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del FarmacoSapienza Università di RomaRomeItaly
| | - Giulia de Petris
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del FarmacoSapienza Università di RomaRomeItaly
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mannarsamy M, Prabusankar G. Highly Active Copper(I)-Chalcogenone Catalyzed Knoevenagel Condensation Reaction Using Various Aldehydes and Active Methylene Compounds. Catal Letters 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-021-03810-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
4
|
Novel Pyridinium Based Ionic Liquid Promoter for Aqueous Knoevenagel Condensation: Green and Efficient Synthesis of New Derivatives with Their Anticancer Evaluation. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092940. [PMID: 35566291 PMCID: PMC9105511 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, a distinctive dihydroxy ionic liquid ([Py-2OH]OAc) was straightforwardly assembled from the sonication of pyridine with 2-chloropropane-1,3-diol by employing sodium acetate as an ion exchanger. The efficiency of the ([Py-2OH]OAc as a promoter for the sono-synthesis of a novel library of condensed products through DABCO-catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation process of adequate active cyclic methylenes and ninhydrin was next investigated using ultimate greener conditions. All of the reactions studied went cleanly and smoothly, and the resulting Knoevenagel condensation compounds were recovered in high yields without detecting the aldol intermediates in the end products. Compared to traditional strategies, the suggested approach has numerous advantages including mild reaction conditions with no by-products, eco-friendly solvent, outstanding performance in many green metrics, and usability in gram-scale synthesis. The reusability of the ionic liquid was also studied, with an overall retrieved yield of around 97% for seven consecutive runs without any substantial reduction in the performance. The novel obtained compounds were further assessed for their in vitro antitumor potential toward three human tumor cell lines: Colo-205 (colon cancer), MCF-7 (breast cancer), and A549 (lung cancer) by employing the MTT assay, and the findings were evaluated with the reference Doxorubicin. The results demonstrated that the majority of the developed products had potent activities at very low doses. Compounds comprising rhodanine (5) or chromane (12) moieties exhibited the most promising cytotoxic effects toward three cell lines, particularly rhodanine carboxylic acid derivative (5c), showing superior cytotoxic effects against the investigated cell lines compared to the reference drug. Furthermore, automated docking simulation studies were also performed to support the results obtained.
Collapse
|
5
|
Khan D, Parveen I, Shaily, Sharma S. Design, Synthesis and Characterization of Aurone Based α,β‐unsaturated Carbonyl‐Amino Ligands and their Application in Microwave Assisted Suzuki, Heck and Buchwald Reactions. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danish Khan
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Roorkee 247 667 Uttarakhand India
| | - Iram Parveen
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Roorkee 247 667 Uttarakhand India
| | - Shaily
- Department of Chemistry D. B. S. (P.G.) College Dehradun 248001 Uttarakhand India
| | - Saurabh Sharma
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Roorkee 247 667 Uttarakhand India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Stoppelman JP, McDaniel JG. Physics-based, neural network force fields for reactive molecular dynamics: Investigation of carbene formation from [EMIM +][OAc -]. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:104112. [PMID: 34525833 DOI: 10.1063/5.0063187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive molecular dynamics simulations enable a detailed understanding of solvent effects on chemical reaction mechanisms and reaction rates. While classical molecular dynamics using reactive force fields allows significantly longer simulation time scales and larger system sizes compared with ab initio molecular dynamics, constructing reactive force fields is a difficult and complex task. In this work, we describe a general approach following the empirical valence bond framework for constructing ab initio reactive force fields for condensed phase simulations by combining physics-based methods with neural networks (PB/NNs). The physics-based terms ensure the correct asymptotic behavior of electrostatic, polarization, and dispersion interactions and are compatible with existing solvent force fields. NNs are utilized for a versatile description of short-range orbital interactions within the transition state region and accurate rendering of vibrational motion of the reacting complex. We demonstrate our methodology for a simple deprotonation reaction of the 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium cation with acetate to form 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazol-2-ylidene and acetic acid. Our PB/NN force field exhibits ∼1 kJ mol-1 mean absolute error accuracy within the transition state region for the gas-phase complex. To characterize the solvent modulation of the reaction profile, we compute potentials of mean force for the gas-phase reaction as well as the reaction within a four-ion cluster and benchmark against ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. We find that the surrounding ionic environment significantly destabilizes the formation of the carbene product, and we show that this effect is accurately captured by the reactive force field. By construction, the PB/NN potential may be directly employed for simulations of other solvents/chemical environments without additional parameterization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John P Stoppelman
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, USA
| | - Jesse G McDaniel
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Khusnutdinov RI, Shchadneva NA, Mayakova YY, Aminov RI. Condensation of Diamantan-3-one with Malononitrile and Methyl and Ethyl Cyanoacetates in the Presence of Binder-Free FeHY and NiHy Zeolites. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428021060105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
8
|
Vetica F, Bortolami M, Petrucci R, Rocco D, Feroci M. Electrogenerated NHCs in Organic Synthesis: Ionic Liquids vs Organic Solvents Effects. CHEM REC 2021; 21:2130-2147. [PMID: 33507627 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the last twenty years, N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have been extensively studied for their application as organocatalysts in stereoselective synthesis as well as ligands for transition metals-promoted synthetic methodologies. Derived mainly from azolium salts, NHCs have demonstrated exceptional versatility in their generation usually performed by deprotonation or reduction (chemical or electrochemical). In particular, the generation of NHC under electrochemical conditions, starting from azolium-based ionic liquids, has proven to be a successful green approach and demonstrated wide applicability in organic synthesis. In this Personal Account, the application of electrogenerated NHCs in organic synthesis will be discussed, with a particular attention to the different reactivity in ionic liquids compared to classical organic solvents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Vetica
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Bortolami
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering (SBAI), Sapienza University of Rome, Via Castro Laurenziano 7, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Petrucci
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering (SBAI), Sapienza University of Rome, Via Castro Laurenziano 7, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Rocco
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering (SBAI), Sapienza University of Rome, Via Castro Laurenziano 7, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Feroci
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering (SBAI), Sapienza University of Rome, Via Castro Laurenziano 7, 00161, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Salvitti C, Bortolami M, Chiarotto I, Troiani A, de Petris G. The Knoevenagel condensation catalysed by ionic liquids: a mass spectrometric insight into the reaction mechanism. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03594k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry was used to study the Knoevenagel condensation catalysed by imidazolium-based ionic liquids. Two pathways were highlighted by intercepting two different reaction intermediates: a base-catalysed and a carbene-catalysed mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Salvitti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Martina Bortolami
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Base e Applicate per l’Ingegneria, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via Castro Laurenziano 7, Roma, Italy
| | - Isabella Chiarotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Base e Applicate per l’Ingegneria, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via Castro Laurenziano 7, Roma, Italy
| | - Anna Troiani
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Giulia de Petris
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rui Li J, Chen C, Lin Hu Y. Novel and Efficient Knoevenagel Condensation over Mesoporous SBA‐15 Supported Acetate‐functionalized Basic Ionic Liquid Catalyst. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202004048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Rui Li
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key laboratory of inorganic nonmetallic crystalline and energy conversion materials China Three Gorges University Yichang 443002, Hubei province P. R. China
| | - Chen Chen
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang 212003 P. R. China
| | - Yu Lin Hu
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key laboratory of inorganic nonmetallic crystalline and energy conversion materials China Three Gorges University Yichang 443002, Hubei province P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sinha AK, Singh R, Kumar R. Towards an Understanding of the “
Ambiphilic
” Character of Ionic Liquids for Green Synthesis of Chemically Diverse Architectures. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arun K. Sinha
- Medicinal and ProcessChemistry DivisionCSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension Sitapur Road Lucknow 226031 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research New Delhi 110001 India
| | - Richa Singh
- Medicinal and ProcessChemistry DivisionCSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension Sitapur Road Lucknow 226031 India
- Current Address: Department of ChemistryGaya College Gaya 823001 India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR) Palampur 176061 India
- Current Address: State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fuzhou China- 350002
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
WO3 and Ionic Liquids: A Synergic Pair for Pollutant Gas Sensing and Desulfurization. METALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/met10040475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This review deals with the notable results obtained by the synergy between ionic liquids (ILs) and WO3 in the field of pollutant gas sensing and sulfur removal pretreatment of fuels. Starting from the known characteristics of tungsten trioxide as catalytic material, many authors have proposed the use of ionic liquids in order to both direct WO3 production towards controllable nanostructures (nanorods, nanospheres, etc.) and to modify the metal oxide structure (incorporating ILs) in order to increase the gas adsorption ability and, thus, the catalytic efficiency. Moreover, ionic liquids are able to highly disperse WO3 in composites, thus enhancing the contact surface and the catalytic ability of WO3 in both hydrodesulfurization (HDS) and oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of liquid fuels. In particular, the use of ILs in composite synthesis can direct the hydrogenation process (HDS) towards sulfur compounds rather than towards olefins, thus preserving the octane number of the fuel while highly reducing the sulfur content and, thus, the possibility of air pollution with sulfur oxides. A similar performance enhancement was obtained in ODS, where the high dispersion of WO3 (due to the use of ILs during the synthesis) allows for noteworthy results at very low temperatures (50 °C).
Collapse
|
13
|
Pandolfi F, Chiarotto I, Mattiello L, Petrucci R, Feroci M. Two Different Selective Ways in the Deprotonation of β‐Bromopropionanilides: β‐Lactams or Acrylanilides Formation. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201902841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Pandolfi
- Department of Scienze di Base e Applicate per l'Ingegneria (SBAI)Sapienza University of Rome via del Castro Laurenziano, 7 00161 Roma Italy
| | - Isabella Chiarotto
- Department of Scienze di Base e Applicate per l'Ingegneria (SBAI)Sapienza University of Rome via del Castro Laurenziano, 7 00161 Roma Italy
| | - Leonardo Mattiello
- Department of Scienze di Base e Applicate per l'Ingegneria (SBAI)Sapienza University of Rome via del Castro Laurenziano, 7 00161 Roma Italy
| | - Rita Petrucci
- Department of Scienze di Base e Applicate per l'Ingegneria (SBAI)Sapienza University of Rome via del Castro Laurenziano, 7 00161 Roma Italy
| | - Marta Feroci
- Department of Scienze di Base e Applicate per l'Ingegneria (SBAI)Sapienza University of Rome via del Castro Laurenziano, 7 00161 Roma Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rupanawar BD, Veetil SM, Suryavanshi G. Oxidative Olefination of Benzylamine with an Active Methylene Compound Mediated by Hypervalent Iodine (III). European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bapurao D. Rupanawar
- Chemical Engineering & Process Development Division; CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory; Dr. Homi Bhaba Road, Pashan, Pune- 411008 Maharashtra India
- Academy of Scientifc and Innovative Research (AcSIR); 201002 Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Sruthi M. Veetil
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory; Central NMR Facility; Dr. Homi Bhaba Road, Pashan, Pune- 411008 Maharashtra India
| | - Gurunath Suryavanshi
- Chemical Engineering & Process Development Division; CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory; Dr. Homi Bhaba Road, Pashan, Pune- 411008 Maharashtra India
- Academy of Scientifc and Innovative Research (AcSIR); 201002 Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Feroci M, Civitarese T, Pandolfi F, Petrucci R, Rocco D, Zane D, Zollo G, Mattiello L. Electrochemical Studies of New Donor‐Acceptor Oligothiophenes. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201900920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Feroci
- Dept. of Basic and Applied Sciences for EngineeringSapienza University of Rome Via del Castro Laurenziano 7 00161 Rome Italy
| | - Tommaso Civitarese
- Dept. of Basic and Applied Sciences for EngineeringSapienza University of Rome Via del Castro Laurenziano 7 00161 Rome Italy
| | - Fabiana Pandolfi
- Dept. of Basic and Applied Sciences for EngineeringSapienza University of Rome Via del Castro Laurenziano 7 00161 Rome Italy
| | - Rita Petrucci
- Dept. of Basic and Applied Sciences for EngineeringSapienza University of Rome Via del Castro Laurenziano 7 00161 Rome Italy
| | - Daniele Rocco
- Dept. of Basic and Applied Sciences for EngineeringSapienza University of Rome Via del Castro Laurenziano 7 00161 Rome Italy
| | - Daniela Zane
- CNR-ISMNSapienza University of Rome P.le Aldo Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zollo
- Dept. of Basic and Applied Sciences for EngineeringSapienza University of Rome Via del Castro Laurenziano 7 00161 Rome Italy
| | - Leonardo Mattiello
- Dept. of Basic and Applied Sciences for EngineeringSapienza University of Rome Via del Castro Laurenziano 7 00161 Rome Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Arafa WAA, Mourad AK. New dicationic DABCO-based ionic liquids: a scalable metal-free one-pot synthesis of bis-2-amino-5-arylidenethiazol-4-ones. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:190997. [PMID: 31417768 PMCID: PMC6689602 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.190997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a novel DABCO-based dicationic ionic liquid (bis-DIL) was easily prepared from the sonication of DABCO with 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol and then characterized by several techniques. Thereafter, under the ultimate green conditions, the performance of the bis-DIL was examined for the sono-synthesis of a new library of bis-2-amino-5-arylidenethiazol-4-ones via one-pot pseudo-five-component Knoevenagel condensation reaction of appropriate dialdehydes, rhodanine and amines. This protocol is tolerant towards several mono- and dialdehydes, excellently high yielding and affording access to the desired products in a single step within a short reaction time. Compared with the conventional methodologies, the proposed method displayed several remarkable merits such as milder reaction conditions without any side product, green solvent media, recording well in a variety of green metrics and applicability in gram-scale production. The recyclability of the bis-DIL was also investigated with an average recovered yield of 97% for six sequential cycles without any significant loss of the activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wael A. A. Arafa
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Jouf University, PO Box 2014, Sakaka, Aljouf, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, PO Box 63514, Fayoum City, Egypt
| | - Asmaa K. Mourad
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, PO Box 63514, Fayoum City, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Dong H, Yang H, Du Q, Zhang T, Liu Q. Ultrasonication-assisted Synthesis of α
, β
-Unsaturated Compounds Catalyzed by Amino-functionalized FDU-12 Catalyst. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201803899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy and Chemical Engineering; College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Shandong University of Science and Technology; Qingdao Shandong 266590 China
| | - Hongyuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy and Chemical Engineering; College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Shandong University of Science and Technology; Qingdao Shandong 266590 China
| | - Qingzhou Du
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy and Chemical Engineering; College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Shandong University of Science and Technology; Qingdao Shandong 266590 China
| | - Tengfei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy and Chemical Engineering; College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Shandong University of Science and Technology; Qingdao Shandong 266590 China
| | - Qing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy and Chemical Engineering; College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Shandong University of Science and Technology; Qingdao Shandong 266590 China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jain K, Chaudhuri S, Pal K, Das K. The Knoevenagel condensation using quinine as an organocatalyst under solvent-free conditions. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj04219e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
An organocatalytic Knoevenagel condensation has been developed for the synthesis of electrophilic alkenes using natural quinine under green reaction conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Jain
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemical Sciences and Technology
- Dr Harisingh Gour University
- Sagar
- India
| | - Saikat Chaudhuri
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal
- Bhopal
- India
| | - Kuntal Pal
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata 700 009
- India
| | - Kalpataru Das
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemical Sciences and Technology
- Dr Harisingh Gour University
- Sagar
- India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gogoi P, Boruah K, Borah R. Synthesis of Triethylamine-Bridged Basic Tricationic Ionic Liquids and Evaluation of Their Catalytic Efficiencies for Preparation of Arylidene or Alkylidenemalononitrile. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201801719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pinky Gogoi
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Tezpur University; Napaam-784028, Assam, Tezpur India
| | - Kabita Boruah
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Tezpur University; Napaam-784028, Assam, Tezpur India
| | - Ruli Borah
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Tezpur University; Napaam-784028, Assam, Tezpur India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chiarotto I, Mattiello L, Pandolfi F, Rocco D, Feroci M. NHC in Imidazolium Acetate Ionic Liquids: Actual or Potential Presence? Front Chem 2018; 6:355. [PMID: 30211149 PMCID: PMC6121013 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are considered in the majority of cases green solvents, due to their virtually null vapor pressure and to the easiness in recycling them. In particular, imidazolium ILs are widely used in many fields of Chemistry, as solvents or precursors of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs). The latter are easily obtained by deprotonation of the C2-H, usually using strong bases or cathodic reduction. Nevertheless, it is known that weaker bases (e.g., triethylamine) are able to promote C2-H/D exchange. From this perspective, the possibility of deprotonating C2-H group of an imidazolium cation by means of a basic counter-ion was seriously considered and led to the synthesis of imidazolium ILs spontaneously containing NHCs. The most famous of this class of ILs are N,N'-disubstituted imidazolium acetates. Due to the particular reactivity of this kind of ILs, they were appointed as “organocatalytic ionic liquids” or “proto-carbenes.” Many papers report the use of these imidazolium acetates in organocatalytic reactions (i. e., catalyzed by NHC) or in stoichiometric NHC reactions (e.g., with elemental sulfur to yield the corresponding imidazole-2-thiones). Nevertheless, the actual presence of NHC in N,N'-disubstituted imidazolium acetate is still controversial. Moreover, theoretical studies seem to rule out the presence of NHC in such a polar environment as an IL. Aim of this Mini Review is to give the reader an up-to-date overview on the actual or potential presence of NHC in such an “organocatalytic ionic liquid,” both from the experimental and theoretical point of view, without the intent to be exhaustive on N,N'-disubstituted imidazolium acetate applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Chiarotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Base e Applicate per l'Ingegneria, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Leonardo Mattiello
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Base e Applicate per l'Ingegneria, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiana Pandolfi
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Base e Applicate per l'Ingegneria, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Rocco
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Base e Applicate per l'Ingegneria, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Feroci
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Base e Applicate per l'Ingegneria, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|