Catalytic efficiency of GO-PANI nanocomposite in the synthesis of N-Aryl-1,4-Dihydropyridine and hydroquinoline derivatives

In this research, graphene oxide-polyaniline (GO-PANI) nanocomposite was successfully synthesized and its catalytic performance was evaluated for the synthesis of N-aryl-1,4-dihydropyridine (1,4-DHP) and hydroquinoline derivatives. The GO nanosheets were prepared using the Hummers' method, and in-situ polymerization of aniline was conducted with ammonium persulfate (APS) serving as the polymerization initiator. The synthesized nanocomposite demonstrated notable efficiency, achieving yields of 80-94% for 1,4-DHP derivatives and 84-96% for hydroquinoline derivatives. The GO-PANI nanocomposite was thoroughly characterized by various techniques, including Fourier Transforms Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray Diffraction analysis (XRD), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), all of which confirmed the successful synthesis of the nanocomposite. Furthermore, after ten cycles of reusability testing, the nanocomposite retained its high catalytic performance with no significant degradation. This findings indicate that the GO-PANI nanocomposite is a promising non-metal catalyst for the synthesis of N-aryl-1,4-dihydropyridine and hydroquinoline derivatives.

An experimental and computational study of graphene oxide functionalized with tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane as an electrode material for supercapacitors

In this research, graphene oxide (GO) functionalized with tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (T) was synthesized with a simple one-pot method, and applied as an electrode material for supercapacitors. Electrochemical measurements on the synthesized tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane-functionalized graphene oxide (GO@T) indicated a specific capacitance of 549.8 F g- 1 at a specific current of 2.5 A g- 1 and a specific capacitance of 358 F g-1 at a specific current of 7 A g- 1 in the potential range of - 0.5-0.5 V versus Ag/AgCl. It also showed a high cyclic stability. According to the results, 80 and 68% of the initial capacitance was retained after 5500 and 9300 cycles, respectively. Density functional theory calculations were used to investigate the quantum capacitance, free energy change during functionalization reaction, and the layer distance of GO and GO@T.

Efficiency of zero-dimensional and two-dimensional graphene architectural nanocomposites for organic transformations in the contemporary environment: a review

Graphene derivatives-based nanocatalyst finds increasing utilisation in the catalysis field for organic transformations. Researchers have been working on the development of graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, and graphene quantum dots with metal or metal oxide nanocomposites over the last few years. These materials exhibit excellent electrical, catalytic, optical, thermal, and magnetic properties. In particular, GO/rGO/GQDs composites assisted by metal or metal oxides have attracted broad attention for their possible applications in organic compound synthesis, drug delivery, sensors, devices, and the related areas of the environment. In this review, we have summarised GO/rGO/GQDs-metal or metal oxide composites using catalyst for organic conversions and synthesis of organic compounds in accordance with the discussion on the key problems and prospects for future study. Furthermore, there is a significant function for the catalytic efficiency of composites assisted by metal or metal oxide nanocatalyst which is categorised by graphene derivatives bases.

Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of pyrimidines and their fused derivatives: A review

The pyrimidine scaffold is present in many bioactive drugs; therefore, efficient synthetic routes that provide shorter reaction times, higher yields, and site-selective reactions are constantly being sought. Ultrasound (US) irradiation has emerged as an alternative energy source in the synthesis of these heterocyclic scaffolds, and over the last ten years there has been a significant increase in the number of publications mentioning US in either the construction or derivatization of the pyrimidine core. This review presents a detailed summary (with 140 references) of the effects of US (synergic or not) on the construction and derivatization of the pyrimidine core through classical reactions (e.g., multicomponent, cyclocondensation, cycloaddition, and alkylation reactions). The main points that were taken into consideration are as follows: chemo- and regioselectivity issues, and the results of conventional heating methods compared to US and mechanistic insights that are also presented and discussed for key reactions.

Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheets Covalently Functionalized with Biocompatible Vitamin B1: Synthesis, Characterization, and Its Superior Performance for Synthesis of Quinoxalines

The physical properties of two-dimensional nanosheet materials make them promising candidates as active materials in the areas of photoelectronics, fuel cells, sensors, water splitting, solar energy conversion, CO2 reduction, and heterogeneous catalysis. Among two-dimensional nanosheet materials, graphitic carbon nitride due to its electronic structure and high chemical and thermal stability possesses unique properties. Covalent functionalization of graphitic carbon nitride could be the key step in modifying its ability and significantly improving its properties. To this purpose, a novel strategy for the covalent functionalization of g-C3N4 nanosheets (CN) with vitamin B1 (VB1) by using 1,3-dibromopropane as a covalent linker for the first time is demonstrated. The obtained CN-Pr-VB1 exhibits increased thermal stability compared to the VB1 which is important in the practice application and can be easily dispersed in common organic solvents. The efficacy of the CN-Pr-VB1 as a heterogeneous organocatalyst was evaluated in the quinoxaline synthesis under solvent-free conditions and afforded good isolated yield with high purity. Moreover, the prepared catalyst could be facilely recycled and reused for seven consecutive cycles without a noticeable decrease in the catalytic activity. Extensive characterization confirmed the stability of morphology and chemical structure after recyclability of the CN-Pr-VB1.