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Wilson K, Wilson K, Thompson C, Lawrence MAW. Optical and Electrochemical Sensing of Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) in DMSO. Pyridyl Thiazole and (Thio)Amide Pincer Ligands versus Di‐2‐pyridyl Ketone Hydrazones. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirk Wilson
- Department of Chemistry The University of the West Indies Mona Kingston 7 Jamaica, W.I
- School of Natural and Applied Sciences University of Technology, Jamaica 237 Old Hope Road Kingston 6 Jamaica W.I
| | - Kerrie‐Ann Wilson
- School of Natural and Applied Sciences University of Technology, Jamaica 237 Old Hope Road Kingston 6 Jamaica W.I
| | - Crystal Thompson
- Department of Chemistry The University of the West Indies Mona Kingston 7 Jamaica, W.I
| | - Mark A. W. Lawrence
- Department of Chemistry The University of the West Indies Mona Kingston 7 Jamaica, W.I
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2
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Ahmed N, Zareen W, Shafiq Z, Figueirêdo de Alcântara Morais S, Khalid M, Albert Carmo Braga A, Shahzad Munawar K, Yong Y. A coumarin based Schiff Base: An effective colorimetric sensor for selective detection of F - ion in real samples and DFT studies. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 286:121964. [PMID: 36274537 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chemosensors are molecular devices which react with target and give a visible signal, which is a degree of its sensitivity. Herein, a novel coumarin based Schiff Base has been synthesized for F- ions detection. The chemosensor showed an intense color change upon the addition of F- ions (light yellow to purple). The chemosensor has fewer effects of competing anions. The limit of detection is calculated as low as 1.1 × 10-6 and the binding constant was determined as 1.61 × 104. The job's plot confirmed 1:1 stoichiometry between chemosensor and F- ion. The reverse reaction of chemosensor with MeOH is useful to construct a combinatorial logic circuit gates. The interaction mechanism of chemosensor was deliberated by 1H NMR, FTIR, and DFT studies. Finally, the chemosensor was useful to detect F- ions in tooth-paste sample and test strip is prepared for F- ions detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Ahmed
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Wajeeha Zareen
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, 60800 Multan, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Shafiq
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, 60800 Multan, Pakistan.
| | - Sara Figueirêdo de Alcântara Morais
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. LineuPrestes 748, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Muhammad Khalid
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan; Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Ataualpa Albert Carmo Braga
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. LineuPrestes 748, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | | | - Ye Yong
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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3
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Naseem S, Shafiq Z, Taslimi P, Hussain S, Taskin-Tok T, Kisa D, Saeed A, Temirak A, Tahir MN, Rauf K, El-Gokha A. Synthesis and evaluation of novel xanthene-based thiazoles as potential antidiabetic agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2200356. [PMID: 36220614 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A series of xanthene-based thiazoles was synthesized and characterized by different scpectroscopic methods, i.e. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1 H NMR), carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (13 C NMR), infrared spectroscopy, carbon hydrogen nitrogen analysis, and X-ray crystallography. The inhibition potencies of 18 newly synthesized thiazole derivatives were investigated on the activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), α-amylase (α-Amy), and α-glycosidase (α-Gly) enzymes in accordance with their antidiabetic and anticholinesterase ability. The synthesized compounds have the highest inhibition potential against the enzymes at low nanomolar concentrations. Among the 18 newly synthesized molecules, 3b and 3p were superior to the known commercial inhibitors of the enzymes and have a much more effective inhibitory potential, with IC50 : 2.37 and 1.07 nM for AChE, 0.98 and 0.59 nM for BChE, 56.47 and 61.34 nM for α-Gly, and 152.48 and 124.84 nM for α-Amy, respectively. Finally, the optimized 18 compounds were subjected to molecular docking to describe the interaction between thiazole derivatives and AChE, BChE, α-Amy, and α-Gly enzymes in which important interactions were monitored with amino acid residues of each target enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira Naseem
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Shafiq
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.,Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Parham Taslimi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Bartin University, Bartin, Turkey.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Saghir Hussain
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Tugba Taskin-Tok
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey.,Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Dursun Kisa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Bartin University, Bartin, Turkey
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Temirak
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Muhammad N Tahir
- Department of Physics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Khawar Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. Post-Graduate Gordon College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed El-Gokha
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
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4
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Paul S, Mondal U, Nag S, Seth M, Banerjee P. Unveiling of a smartphone-mediated ratiometric chemosensor towards the nanomolar level detection of lethal CN -: combined experimental and theoretical validation with the proposition of a molecular logic circuitry. RSC Adv 2022; 12:12564-12572. [PMID: 35480356 PMCID: PMC9039805 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07139d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A promising naphthalene-functionalized ratiometric chemosensor (E)-1-((naphthalen-5-yl) methylene)-2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl) hydrazine (DNMH) is unveiled in the present work. DNMH demonstrates brisk discernible colorimetric response from yellow to red in the presence of CN−, a lethal environmental contaminant, in a near-perfect aqueous medium with a LOD of 278 nM. The “key role marker” controlling the electrochemical and non-covalent H-bonding interaction between DNMH and CN− is through the commendable role of acidic –NH functionalities. Kinetic studies reveal a pseudo second order reaction rate and the formation of an unprecedented photostable adduct. The negative value of ΔG as evaluated from ITC substantiates the spontaneity of the DNMH⋯CN− interaction. The sensing mechanism was further reinforced with state-of-the-art theoretical investigations, namely DFT, TDDFT and Fukui indices (FIs). Moreover, the proposition of a reversible multi-component logic circuitry implementing Boolean functions in molecular electronics has also been triggered by the turn-over spectrophotometric response of the ditopic ions CN− and Cd2+. The cytotoxicity of DNMH towards Bacillus thuringiensis and Escherichia coli is successfully investigated via the MTT assay. Impressively, “dip stick” and “easy to prepare” test paper device and silica gel-based solid-phase CN− recognition validate the on-site analytical application of DNMH. Furthermore, the involvement of a synergistic approach between ‘chemistry beyond the molecule’ and ‘engineering’ via an exquisitely implemented smartphone-assisted colorimetric sensory prototype makes this work unprecedented among its congeners and introduces a new frontier in multitudinous material-based functional product development. A ratiometric chemosensor (DNMH) is unveiled herein, demonstrating selective chromogenic response towards CN−, with a LOD of 278 nM. Consequently, molecular logic circuitry and a smartphone-based colorimetric sensory prototype has been explored.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Suparna Paul
- Surface Engineering & Tribology Group, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute M. G. Avenue Durgapur-713209 India https://www.cmeri.res.in https://www.priyabratabanerjee.in.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Udayan Mondal
- Surface Engineering & Tribology Group, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute M. G. Avenue Durgapur-713209 India https://www.cmeri.res.in https://www.priyabratabanerjee.in.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Somrita Nag
- Surface Engineering & Tribology Group, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute M. G. Avenue Durgapur-713209 India https://www.cmeri.res.in https://www.priyabratabanerjee.in.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Madhupa Seth
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Burdwan Burdwan-713104 West Bengal India
| | - Priyabrata Banerjee
- Surface Engineering & Tribology Group, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute M. G. Avenue Durgapur-713209 India https://www.cmeri.res.in https://www.priyabratabanerjee.in.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 Uttar Pradesh India
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5
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Quinoline based thiosemicarbazones as colorimetric chemosensors for fluoride and cyanide ions and DFT studies. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4927. [PMID: 35322108 PMCID: PMC8943172 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08860-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
High toxicity and extensive accessibility of fluoride and cyanide ions in diverse environmental media encouraged attention for scheming well-organized probes for their detection. Keeping in mind we have designed and synthesized thiosemicarbazone-based chemosensors RB-1, RB-2 and RB-3 for the detection of fluoride and cyanide ions. The structural elucidation of the synthesized chemosensors is done by employing different analytical techniques including nuclear magnetic resonance and electronic absorption specrtoscopies. Admirable detection limit, binding constant and fast response time (2 s) to F− and CN− ions enlarged the applications of these chemosensors. Additional confirmation of the sensing ability of these chemosensors is derived from DFT and TDDFT calculations with M06/6-311G(d,p) method by performing FMO, UV–Vis, QTAIM and global reactivity parameters elucidation. Overall results point out that investigated chemosensors are suitable candidates for sensing the F− ions. These chemosensors were successfully applied to detect F− ions in a commercial toothpaste sample.
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Saleeem T, Khan S, Yaqub M, Khalid M, Islam M, Yousaf ur Rehman M, Rashid M, Shafiq I, Braga AAC, Syed A, Bahkali AH, Trant JF, Shafiq Z. Novel Quinoline-Derived Chemosensors: Synthesis, Anion Recognition, Spectroscopic and Computational Study. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj02666j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent-small molecules offer an excellent source of chemosensors when optimized for detection of anions with sensitivity and selectivity, low-cost and robust synthesis. In the present study we synthesized new quinoline-based...
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7
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Islam M, Shafiq Z, Mabood F, Shah HH, Singh V, Khalid M, de Alcântara Morais SF, Braga AAC, Khan MU, Hussain J, Al-Harrasi A, Marraiki N, Zaghloul NSS. 2-Nitro- and 4-fluorocinnamaldehyde based receptors as naked-eye chemosensors to potential molecular keypad lock. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20847. [PMID: 34675345 PMCID: PMC8531455 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99599-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
New-generation chemosensors desire small organic molecules that are easy to synthesise and cost-effective. As a new interdisciplinary area of research, the integration of these chemosensors into keypad locks or other advanced communication protocols is becoming increasingly popular. Our lab has developed new chemosensor probes that contain 2-nitro- (1-3) and 4-fluoro-cinnamaldehyde (4-6) and applied them to the anion recognition and sensing process. Probes 1-6 are colorimetric sensors for naked-eye detection of AcO-/CN-/F-, while probes 4-6 could differentiate between F- and AcO-/CN- anions in acetonitrile. Using the density functional theory (DFT), it was found that probes 1-6 acted as effective chemosensors. By using Probe 5 as a chemosensor, we explored colorimetric recognition of multiple anions in more detail. Probe 5 was tested in combination with a combinatorial approach to demonstrate pattern-generation capability and its ability to distinguish among chemical inputs based on concentration. After pattern discrimination using principal component analysis (PCA), we examined anion selectivity using DFT computation. In our study, probe 5 demonstrates excellent performance as a chemosensor and shows promise as a future molecular-level keypad lock system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Islam
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Shafiq
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
| | - Fazal Mabood
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, P. O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Nizwa, Oman
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Hakikulla H Shah
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, P. O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Vandita Singh
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Applied and Health Sciences, A'Sharqiyah University, P. O. Box 42, Ibra, Oman
| | - Muhammad Khalid
- Department of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan.
| | - Sara Figueirêdo de Alcântara Morais
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor LineuPrestes, 748, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ataualpa Albert Carmo Braga
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor LineuPrestes, 748, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | | | - Javid Hussain
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, P. O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, P. O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Najat Marraiki
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf S S Zaghloul
- Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1FD, UK
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8
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Triple Action Sensing Behaviour of a Single Receptor for the Detection of Multiple Analytes via Different Approaches. J Fluoresc 2021; 31:733-745. [PMID: 33620620 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-021-02700-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The thiosemicarbazide based receptor was synthesized with 4-(diethylamino)salicylaldehyde and N- phenyl-thiosemicarbazide by the simple condensation method and the properties were studied under the naked eye, UV-Vis and fluorescence studies etc. The synthesized receptor detects cyanide, cobalt, and mercury in acetonitrile medium. The observed color changes included colourless to yellow for cyanide, colourless to green for cobalt and colourless to yellow for mercury which were seen under naked eye without the aid of any instruments. Furthermore, the cyanide bound receptor detects Cr3+ by the relay recognition method. The detection limit of receptor with cyanide, cobalt & mercury was found to be 5.8 × 10- 7 M, 3.6 × 10- 7 M and 8.1 × 10- 7 M respectively. Experimental results were verified by DFT calculations. Receptor was successfully employed in the construction of INHIBIT and IMPLICATION logic gates.
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Darroudi M, Mohammadi Ziarani G, Bahar S, Ghasemi JB, Badiei A. Lansoprazole-Based Colorimetric Chemosensor for Efficient Binding and Sensing of Carbonate Ion: Spectroscopy and DFT Studies. Front Chem 2021; 8:626472. [PMID: 33604329 PMCID: PMC7884336 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.626472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The new benzimidazole based receptor Lansoprazole has been used to detect carbonate anion by naked-eye and Uv-Vis spectroscopy. This receptor revealed visual changes withCO 3 2 - anion in ethanol. No detectable color changes were observed upon the addition of any other tested anions. The lansoprazole chemosensor selectively recognizesCO 3 2 - ion over the other interference anions in the ethanol, followed by deprotonation and reflected 1:1 complex formation between the receptor and the carbonate ion. Lansoprazole exhibits splendid selectivity toward carbonate ion via a visible color change from colorless to yellow with a detection limit of 57 μM. The binding mode ofCO 3 2 - to receptor L is supported by Density Functional Theory calculation. Moreover, this receptor shows a practical visible colorimetric test strip for the detection of carbonate ions. The transition states calculation demonstrates the occurrence of reaction from L to L-CO 3 2 - after overcoming an energy barrier of 10.1 kcal/mol, and there is considerable interaction energy between L andCO 3 2 - (94.9 kJ/mol), both of which confirmed that receptor L has high sensitivity and selectivity to the carbonate ion. The theoretical studies were performed to acquire an electronic description of the complexation mechanism byCO 3 2 - as well as to study bonding and structure in the complex. The optimized structures and binding mechanisms were supported with a high correlation and agreement by spectroscopy and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Darroudi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shahriyar Bahar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jahan B. Ghasemi
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Badiei
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Saima B, Khan N, Al-Faiyz YSS, Ludwig R, Rehman W, Habib-Ur-Rehman M, Sheikh NS, Ayub K. Photo-tunable linear and nonlinear optical response of cyclophanediene-dihydropyrene photoswitches. J Mol Graph Model 2019; 88:261-272. [PMID: 30780115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophanediene (CPD)-dihydropyrene (DHP) is a negative T-type photochrome pair having a thermodynamically stable colored form, i.e., DHP. Interconversion between cyclophanediene and dihydropyrene is associated with significant changes in dipole moment, absorption wavelength and polarizability, which can impart substantial linear and nonlinear optical response. In this study, phototunable linear and nonlinear optical response of cyclophanediene-dihdyropyrene photoswitches is described. Cyclophanedienes and dihydropyrenes are functionalized at the internal position for maximum changes in volume and polarizability. The UV-Vis spectra are calculated at ɷB97XD, which was validated through a benchmark approach. An excellent correlation is observed between theoretical and experimental absorption spectra. Several CPD-DHP pairs have been recognized for clean interconversion in UV-Vis light without formation of a photostationary state. Nonlinear optical response of dihydropyrenes is remarkably higher than that of cyclophanedienes. In general, the calculated hyperpolarizability values of dihydropyrenes are about two to three orders of magnitude higher than those for cyclophanedienes. The trends in calculated hyperpolarizabilities are rationalized through two level method. The high nonlinear optical response of dihydropyrenes stems from low excitation energies. The remarkable difference in hyperpolarizabilities of these isomeric forms paves path for the design of phototunable nonlinear optical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibi Saima
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Nasir Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Yasair S S Al-Faiyz
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 380, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ralf Ludwig
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 1, 18059, Rostock, Germany; Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock e, V. Alebert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Wajid Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Mian Habib-Ur-Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Education Lahore, Faisalabad Campus, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem S Sheikh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 380, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Pakistan.
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