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Hashmat U, Rasool N, Kausar S, Altaf AA, Sultana S, Tahir AA. First-Principles Investigations of Novel Guanidine-Based Dyes. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:13917-13927. [PMID: 38559970 PMCID: PMC10976409 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
In the pursuit of finding efficient D-π-A organic dyes as photosensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), first-principles calculations of guanidine-based dyes [A1-A18] were executed using density functional theory (DFT). The various electronic and optical properties of guanidine-based organic dyes with different D-π-A structural modifications were investigated. The structural modification of guanidine-based dyes largely affects the properties of molecules, such as excitation energies, the oscillator strength dipole moment, the transition dipole moment, and light-harvesting efficiencies. The energy gap between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) is responsible for the reduction and injection of electrons. Modification of the guanidine subunit by different structural modifications gave a range of HOMO-LUMO energy gaps. Chemical and optical characteristics of the dyes indicated prominent charge transfer and light-harvesting efficiencies. The wide electronic absorption spectra of these guanidine-based dyes computed by TD-DFT-B3LYP with 6-31G, 6-311G, and cc-PVDZ basis sets have been observed in the visible region of spectra due to the presence of chromophore groups of dye molecules. Better anchorage of dyes to the surface of TiO2 semiconductors helps in charge-transfer phenomena, and the results suggested that -COOH, -CN, and -NO2 proved to be proficient anchoring groups, making dyes very encouraging candidates for DSSCs. Molecular electrostatic potential explained the electrostatic potential of organic dyes, and IR spectrum and conformational analyses ensured the suitability of organic dyes for the fabrication of DSSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Hashmat
- Department
of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- Environment
and Sustainability Institute (ESI), Faculty of Environment, Science
and Economy, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, TR10 9FE Cornwall, U.K.
| | - Nasir Rasool
- Department
of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Samia Kausar
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
| | - Ataf Ali Altaf
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara 56300, Pakistan
- Department
of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca,New York 14853, United States
| | - Sabiha Sultana
- Environment
and Sustainability Institute (ESI), Faculty of Environment, Science
and Economy, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, TR10 9FE Cornwall, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, Islamia College University, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Asif Ali Tahir
- Environment
and Sustainability Institute (ESI), Faculty of Environment, Science
and Economy, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, TR10 9FE Cornwall, U.K.
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Hashmat U, Rasool N, Kausar S, Altaf AA. Azo-guanidine-based novel molecules for dye-sensitized solar cell applications: a density functional theory study. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02606-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Delgado-Montiel T, Soto-Rojo R, Baldenebro-López J, Glossman-Mitnik D. Theoretical Study of the Effect of Different π Bridges Including an Azomethine Group in Triphenylamine-Based Dye for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Molecules 2019; 24:E3897. [PMID: 31671874 PMCID: PMC6864646 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ten molecules were theoretically calculated and studied through density functional theory with the M06 density functional and the 6-31G(d) basis set. The molecular systems have potential applications as sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells. Three molecules were taken from the literature, and seven are proposals inspired in the above, including the azomethine group in the π-bridge expecting a better charge transfer. These molecular structures are composed of triphenylamine (donor part); different combinations of azomethine, thiophene, and benzene derivatives (π-bridge); and cyanoacrylic acid (acceptor part). This study focused on the effect that the azomethine group caused on the π-bridge. Ground-state geometry optimization, the highest occupied molecular orbital, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, and their energy levels were obtained and analyzed. Absorption wavelengths, oscillator strengths, and electron transitions were obtained via time-dependent density functional theory using the M06-2X density functional and the 6-31G(d) basis set. The free energy of electron injection (ΔGinj) was calculated and analyzed. As an important part of this study, chemical reactivity parameters are discussed, such as chemical hardness, electrodonating power, electroaccepting power, and electrophilicity index. In conclusion, the inclusion of azomethine in the π-bridge improved the charge transfer and the electronic properties of triphenylamine-based dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Delgado-Montiel
- Facultad de Ingeniería Mochis, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Prol. Ángel Flores y Fuente de Poseidón, S/N, Los Mochis 81223, Sinaloa, Mexico.
| | - Rody Soto-Rojo
- Facultad de Ingeniería Mochis, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Prol. Ángel Flores y Fuente de Poseidón, S/N, Los Mochis 81223, Sinaloa, Mexico.
| | - Jesús Baldenebro-López
- Facultad de Ingeniería Mochis, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Prol. Ángel Flores y Fuente de Poseidón, S/N, Los Mochis 81223, Sinaloa, Mexico.
| | - Daniel Glossman-Mitnik
- Laboratorio Virtual NANOCOSMOS, Departamento de Medio Ambiente y Energía, Centro de investigación en Materiales Avanzados, Miguel de Cervantes 120, Complejo Industrial Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31136, Mexico.
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