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Xu Y, Stanko AM, Cerione CS, Lohrey TD, McLeod E, Stoltz BM, Su J. Low Part-Per-Trillion, Humidity Resistant Detection of Nitric Oxide Using Microtoroid Optical Resonators. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:5120-5128. [PMID: 38240231 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The nitric oxide radical plays pivotal roles in physiological as well as atmospheric contexts. Although the detection of dissolved nitric oxide in vivo has been widely explored, highly sensitive (i.e., low part-per-trillion level), selective, and humidity-resistant detection of gaseous nitric oxide in air remains challenging. In the field, humidity can have dramatic effects on the accuracy and selectivity of gas sensors, confounding data, and leading to overestimation of gas concentration. Highly selective and humidity-resistant gaseous NO sensors based on laser-induced graphene were recently reported, displaying a limit of detection (LOD) of 8.3 ppb. Although highly sensitive (LOD = 590 ppq) single-wall carbon nanotube NO sensors have been reported, these sensors lack selectivity and humidity resistance. In this report, we disclose a highly sensitive (LOD = 2.34 ppt), selective, and humidity-resistant nitric oxide sensor based on a whispering-gallery mode microtoroid optical resonator. Excellent analyte selectivity was enabled via novel ferrocene-containing polymeric coatings synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization. Utilizing a frequency locked optical whispering evanescent resonator system, the microtoroid's real-time resonance frequency shift response to nitric oxide was tracked with subfemtometer resolution. The lowest concentration experimentally detected was 6.4 ppt, which is the lowest reported to date. Additionally, the performance of the sensor remained consistent across different humidity environments. Lastly, the impact of the chemical composition and molecular weight of the novel ferrocene-containing polymeric coatings on sensing performance was evaluated. We anticipate that our results will have impact on a wide variety of fields where NO sensing is important such as medical diagnostics through exhaled breath, determination of planetary habitability, climate change, air quality monitoring, and treating cardiovascular and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinchao Xu
- Wyant College of Optical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Allison M Stanko
- The Warren and Catherine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Chloe S Cerione
- The Warren and Catherine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Trevor D Lohrey
- The Warren and Catherine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Euan McLeod
- Wyant College of Optical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- The Warren and Catherine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Judith Su
- Wyant College of Optical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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Rauf U, Shabir G, Bukhari S, Albericio F, Saeed A. Contemporary Developments in Ferrocene Chemistry: Physical, Chemical, Biological and Industrial Aspects. Molecules 2023; 28:5765. [PMID: 37570735 PMCID: PMC10420780 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferrocenyl-based compounds have many applications in diverse scientific disciplines, including in polymer chemistry as redox dynamic polymers and dendrimers, in materials science as bioreceptors, and in pharmacology, biochemistry, electrochemistry, and nonlinear optics. Considering the horizon of ferrocene chemistry, we attempted to condense the neoteric advancements in the synthesis and applications of ferrocene derivatives reported in the literature from 2016 to date. This paper presents data on the progression of the synthesis of diverse classes of organic compounds having ferrocene scaffolds and recent developments in applications of ferrocene-based organometallic compounds, with a special focus on their biological, medicinal, bio-sensing, chemosensing, asymmetric catalysis, material, and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umair Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (U.R.); (G.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Ghulam Shabir
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (U.R.); (G.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Saba Bukhari
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (U.R.); (G.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban 4000, South Africa
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (U.R.); (G.S.); (S.B.)
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Malanina AN, Kuzin YI, Ivanov AN, Ziyatdinova GK, Shurpik DN, Stoikov II, Evtugyn GA. Polyelectrolyte Polyethylenimine–DNA Complexes in the Composition of Voltammetric Sensors for Detecting DNA Damage. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934822020095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Mathi S, Karthikeyan V, Jayabharathi J. Ferrocene Decorated N‐doped Carbon Modified Electrode with Enhanced Electrocatalytic Activity Towards Non‐enzymatic Glucose Detection. ELECTROANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Selvam Mathi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Science Lab Annamalai University Annamalai nagar Tamilnadu 608 002 India
| | - Venkatraman Karthikeyan
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Science Lab Annamalai University Annamalai nagar Tamilnadu 608 002 India
| | - Jayaraman Jayabharathi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Science Lab Annamalai University Annamalai nagar Tamilnadu 608 002 India
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Ivanov AS, Pershina LV, Nikolaev KG, Skorb EV. Recent Progress of Layer-by-layer Assembly, Free-Standing Film and Hydrogel Based on Polyelectrolytes. Macromol Biosci 2021; 21:e2100117. [PMID: 34272830 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, polyelectrolytes play an essential role in the development of new materials. Their use allows creating new properties of materials and surfaces and vary them in a wide range. Basically, modern methods are divided into three areas-the process of layer-by-layer deposition, free-standing films, and hydrogels based on polyelectrolytes. Layer-by-layer assembly of polyelectrolytes on various surfaces is a powerful technique. It allows giving surfaces new properties, for example, protect them from corrosion. Free-standing films are essential tools for the design of membranes and sensors. Hydrogels based on polyelectrolytes have recently shown their applicability in electrical and materials science. The creation of new materials and components with controlled properties can be achieved using polyelectrolytes. This review focuses on new technologies that have been developed with polyelectrolytes over the last five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artemii S Ivanov
- Infochemistry Scientific Center of ITMO University, Lomonosova str. 9, Saint Petersburg, 191002, Russia
| | - Lyubov V Pershina
- Infochemistry Scientific Center of ITMO University, Lomonosova str. 9, Saint Petersburg, 191002, Russia
| | - Konstantin G Nikolaev
- Infochemistry Scientific Center of ITMO University, Lomonosova str. 9, Saint Petersburg, 191002, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Skorb
- Infochemistry Scientific Center of ITMO University, Lomonosova str. 9, Saint Petersburg, 191002, Russia
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Škugor Rončević I, Krivić D, Buljac M, Vladislavić N, Buzuk M. Polyelectrolytes Assembly: A Powerful Tool for Electrochemical Sensing Application. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E3211. [PMID: 32517055 PMCID: PMC7313698 DOI: 10.3390/s20113211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The development of sensing coatings, as important sensor elements that integrate functionality, simplicity, chemical stability, and physical stability, has been shown to play a major role in electrochemical sensing system development trends. Simple and versatile assembling procedures and scalability make polyelectrolytes highly convenient for use in electrochemical sensing applications. Polyelectrolytes are mainly used in electrochemical sensor architectures for entrapping (incorporation, immobilization, etc.) various materials into sensing layers. These materials can often increase sensitivity, selectivity, and electronic communications with the electrode substrate, and they can mediate electron transfer between an analyte and transducer. Analytical performance can be significantly improved by the synergistic effect of materials (sensing material, transducer, and mediator) present in these composites. As most reported methods for the preparation of polyelectrolyte-based sensing layers are layer-by-layer and casting/coating methods, this review focuses on the use of the latter methods in the development of electrochemical sensors within the last decade. In contrast to many reviews related to electrochemical sensors that feature polyelectrolytes, this review is focused on architectures of sensing layers and the role of polyelectrolytes in the development of sensing systems. Additionally, the role of polyelectrolytes in the preparation and modification of various nanoparticles, nanoprobes, reporter probes, nanobeads, etc. that are used in electrochemical sensing systems is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Škugor Rončević
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (I.Š.R.); (N.V.)
| | - Denis Krivić
- Division of Biophysics, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Maša Buljac
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Nives Vladislavić
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (I.Š.R.); (N.V.)
| | - Marijo Buzuk
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (I.Š.R.); (N.V.)
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