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Zaib S, Khan I, Ali HS, Younas MT, Ibrar A, Al-Odayni AB, Al-Kahtani AA. Design and discovery of anthranilamide derivatives as a potential treatment for neurodegenerative disorders via targeting cholinesterases and monoamine oxidases. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 272:132748. [PMID: 38821306 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases with progressive cellular loss of the central nervous system and elusive disease etiology provide a continuous impetus to explore drug discovery programmes aiming at identifying robust and effective inhibitors of cholinesterase and monoamine oxidase enzymes. We herein present a concise library of anthranilamide derivatives involving a palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction to install the diverse structural diversity required for the desired biological action. Using Ellman's method, cholinesterase inhibitory activity was performed against AChE and BuChE enzymes. In vitro assay results demonstrated that anthranilamides are potent inhibitors with remarkable potency. Compound 6k emerged as the lead candidate and dual inhibitor of both enzymes with IC50 values of 0.12 ± 0.01 and 0.49 ± 0.02 μM against AChE and BuChE, respectively. Several other compounds were found as highly potent and selective inhibitors. Anthranilamide derivatives were also tested against monoamine oxidase (A and B) enzymes using fluorometric method. In vitro data revealed compound 6h as the most potent inhibitor against MAO-A, showing an IC50 value of 0.44 ± 0.02 μM, whereas, compound 6k emerged as the top inhibitor of MAO-B with an IC50 value of 0.06 ± 0.01 μM. All the lead inhibitors were analyzed for the identification of their mechanism of action using Michaelis-Menten kinetics experiments. Compound 6k and 6h depicted a competitive mode of action against AChE and MAO-A, whereas, a non-competitive and mixed-type of inhibition was observed against BuChE and MAO-B by compounds 6k. Molecular docking analysis revealed remarkable binding affinities of the potent inhibitors with specific residues inside the active site of receptors. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations were performed to explore the ability of potent compounds to form energetically stable complexes with the target protein. Finally, in silico ADME calculations also demonstrated that the potent compounds exhibit promising pharmacokinetic profile, satisfying the essential criteria for drug-likeness. Altogether, the findings reported in the current work clearly suggest that the identified anthranilamide derivatives have the potential to serve as effective drug candidates for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumera Zaib
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester MI 7DN, UK.
| | - Hafiz Saqib Ali
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, the INEOS Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Muhammad Tayyab Younas
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Aliya Ibrar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical and Applied Sciences, The University of Haripur, Haripur, KPK 22620, Pakistan.
| | - Abdel-Basit Al-Odayni
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Al-Kahtani
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Vaaland Holmgard IC, González-Bakker A, Poeta E, Puerta A, Fernandes MX, Monti B, Fernández-Bolaños JG, Padrón JM, López Ó, Lindbäck E. Coumarin-azasugar-benzyl conjugates as non-neurotoxic dual inhibitors of butyrylcholinesterase and cancer cell growth. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3425-3438. [PMID: 38590227 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00312h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
We have applied the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction to prepare a library of ten coumarin-azasugar-benzyl conjugates and two phthalimide-azasugar-benzyl conjugates with potential anti-Alzheimer and anti-cancer properties. The compounds were evaluated as cholinesterase inhibitors, demonstrating a general preference, of up to 676-fold, for the inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) over acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Nine of the compounds behaved as stronger BuChE inhibitors than galantamine, one of the few drugs in clinical use against Alzheimer's disease. The most potent BuChE inhibitor (IC50 = 74 nM) was found to exhibit dual activities, as it also showed high activity (GI50 = 5.6 ± 1.1 μM) for inhibiting the growth of WiDr (colon cancer cells). In vitro studies on this dual-activity compound on Cerebellar Granule Neurons (CGNs) demonstrated that it displays no neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Caroline Vaaland Holmgard
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway.
| | - Aday González-Bakker
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González" (IUBO-AG), Universidad de La Laguna, c/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, La Laguna, E-38206, Spain
| | - Eleonora Poeta
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Adrián Puerta
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González" (IUBO-AG), Universidad de La Laguna, c/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, La Laguna, E-38206, Spain
| | - Miguel X Fernandes
- Department of Engineering and Chemical Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Barbara Monti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - José M Padrón
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González" (IUBO-AG), Universidad de La Laguna, c/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, La Laguna, E-38206, Spain
| | - Óscar López
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Emil Lindbäck
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway.
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Abdalla Ali A, Mhamad SA, Hasan AH, Ahmad I, Abdullah SA, Jamil S, Patel H, Murugesan S, Jamalis J. Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modeling studies of modulated benzyloxychalcones as potential acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:3604-3615. [PMID: 37293930 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2220032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) have become a significant target in the search for an efficient treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Chalcone-based compounds display a strong potency to hinder AChE. So, this study focused on the synthesis of a series of new chalcone derivatives with anti-cholinesterase potential and their structures were characterized based on spectroscopic methods including IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS. Chalcone derivatives were screened against AChE. Most of them exhibited potent inhibitory activity against AChE. Compound 11i showed the most potent activity toward acetylcholinesterase compared to the positive compound, Galantamine. Docking studies into the active site of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme ravealed the significant docking score of the synthesized compounds with docking score of -7.959 to -9.277 kcal/mol when compared to the co-crystallized ligand, Donepezil (-10.567 kcal/mol). The interaction's stability was further assessed using a conventional atomistic 100 ns dynamics simulation study, which revealed the conformational stability of representative compound 11i in the cavity of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Abdalla Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
- Tafan Preparatory School, General Directorate of Education of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq
| | - Shakhawan Ahmad Mhamad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Education, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq
| | - Aso Hameed Hasan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Garmian, Kalar, Kurdistan, Iraq
| | - Iqrar Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Prof. Ravindra Nikam College of Pharmacy, Gondur, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
- Division of Computer Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Siti Awanis Abdullah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Shajarahtunnur Jamil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Harun Patel
- Division of Computer Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sankaranarayanan Murugesan
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani (BITS Pilani), Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Joazaizulfazli Jamalis
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
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Hussen NH, Hamid SJ, Sabir MN, Hasan AH, Mohammed SJ, Shali AAK. Novel Penicillin Derivatives Against Selected Multiple-drug Resistant Bacterial Strains: Design, Synthesis, Structural Analysis, In Silico and In Vitro Studies. Curr Org Synth 2024; 21:684-703. [PMID: 37218207 DOI: 10.2174/1570179420666230510104319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The rising numbers of multiple drug-resistant (MDR) pathogens and the consequent antibacterial therapy failure that resulted in severe medical conditions push to illustrate new molecules with extended activity against the resistant strains. In this manner, chemical derivatization of known antibiotics is proposed to save efforts in drug discovery, and penicillins serve as an ideal in this regard. METHODS Seven synthesized 6-aminopenicillanic acid-imine derivatives (2a-g) were structure elucidated using FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and MS spectroscopy. In silico molecular docking and ADMET studies were made. The analyzed compounds obeyed Lipinski's rule of five and showed promising in vitro bactericidal potential when assayed against E. coli, E. cloacae, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and A. baumannii. MDR strains using disc diffusion and microplate dilution techniques. RESULTS The MIC values were 8 to 32 μg/mL with more potency than ampicillin, explained by better membrane penetration and more ligand-protein binding capacity. The 2g entity was active against E. coli. This study was designed to find new active penicillin derivatives against MDR pathogens. CONCLUSION The products showed antibacterial activity against selected MDR species and good PHK, PHD properties, and low predicted toxicity, offering them as future candidates that require further preclinical assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narmin Hamaamin Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sulaimaniyah, Sulaimani, 46001, Kurdistan Region-Iraq, Iraq
| | - Shokhan Jamal Hamid
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sulaimaniyah, Sulaimani, 46001, Kurdistan Region-Iraq, Iraq
| | - Mohammed Nawzad Sabir
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sulaimaniyah, Sulaimani, 46001, Kurdistan Region-Iraq, Iraq
| | - Aso Hameed Hasan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Garmian, Kalar, 46021, Kurdistan Region-Iraq, Iraq
| | - Sewara Jalal Mohammed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimaniyah, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani, 46001, Kurdistan Regional-Iraq, Iraq
| | - Aras Ahmed Kamal Shali
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Sulaimaniyah, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani, 46001, Kurdistan Regional-Iraq, Iraq
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Hasan AH, Abdulrahman FA, Obaidullah AJ, Alotaibi HF, Alanazi MM, Noamaan MA, Murugesan S, Amran SI, Bhat AR, Jamalis J. Discovery of Novel Coumarin-Schiff Base Hybrids as Potential Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, Enzyme Inhibition, and Computational Studies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:971. [PMID: 37513883 PMCID: PMC10385371 DOI: 10.3390/ph16070971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
To discover anti-acetylcholinesterase agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a series of novel Schiff base-coumarin hybrids was rationally designed, synthesized successfully, and structurally characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS) analyses. These hybrids were evaluated for their potential inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase (AChE). All of them exhibited excellent inhibitory activity against AChE. The IC50 values ranged from 87.84 to 515.59 μg/mL; hybrids 13c and 13d with IC50 values of 0.232 ± 0.011 and 0.190 ± 0.004 µM, respectively, showed the most potent activity as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs). The reference drug, Galantamine, yielded an IC50 of 1.142 ± 0.027 µM. Reactivity descriptors, including chemical potential (μ), chemical hardness (η), electrophilicity (ω), condensed Fukui function, and dual descriptors are calculated at wB97XD/6-311++ G (d,p) to identify reactivity changes of the designed compounds. An in-depth investigation of the natural charge pattern of the studied compounds led to a deep understanding of the important interaction centers between these compounds and the biological receptors of AChE. The molecular electrostatic surface potential (MESP) of the most active site in these derivatives was determined using high-quality information and visualization. Molecular docking analysis was performed to predict binding sites and binding energies. The structure-activity-property relationship studies indicated that the proposed compounds exhibit good oral bioavailability properties. To explore the stability and dynamic behavior of the ligand-receptor complexes, molecular dynamics simulations (MDS) were performed for 100 ns on the two best docked derivatives, 13c and 13d, with the AChE (4EY7) receptor. A popular method for determining the free binding energies (MM/GBSA) is performed using snapshots taken from the systems' trajectories at 100 ns. These results revealed that the complex system of compound 13d acquired a relatively more stable conformation and exhibited better descriptors than the complex system of compound 13c and the Galantamine drug, suggesting its potential as an effective inhibiting drug. The binding free energy analysis revealed that the 13d-4EY7 complex exhibited greater stability with AChE receptors compared to other complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aso Hameed Hasan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Garmian, Kalar 46021, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Faruq Azeez Abdulrahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Kalar Private Technical Institute, Kalar 46021, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Ahmad J Obaidullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadil Faris Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint AbdulRahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A Noamaan
- Mathematics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Sankaranarayanan Murugesan
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani (BITS Pilani), Pilani Campus, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Syazwani Itri Amran
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Ajmal R Bhat
- Department of Chemistry, R.T.M. Nagpur University, Nagpur 440033, Maharashtra, India
| | - Joazaizulfazli Jamalis
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
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Salih RHH, Hasan AH, Hussen NH, Hawaiz FE, Hadda TB, Jamalis J, Almalki FA, Adeyinka AS, Coetzee LCC, Oyebamiji AK. Thiazole-Pyrazoline Hybrids as Potential Antimicrobial Agent: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, Molecular Docking, DFT Studies and POM analysis. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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Hasan AH, Shakya S, Hussain FHS, Murugesan S, Chander S, Pratama MRF, Jamil S, Das B, Biswas S, Jamalis J. Design, synthesis, anti-acetylcholinesterase evaluation and molecular modelling studies of novel coumarin-chalcone hybrids. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:11450-11462. [PMID: 36591704 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2162583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The major enzyme responsible for the hydrolytic breakdown of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) is acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) are the most prescribed class of medications for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia. The limitations of available therapy, like side effects, drug tolerance, and inefficacy in halting disease progression, drive the need for better, more efficacious, and safer drugs. In this study, a series of fourteen novel chalcone-coumarin derivatives (8a-n) were designed, synthesized and characterized by spectral techniques like FT-IR, NMR, and HR-MS. Subsequently, the synthesized compounds were tested for their ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity by Ellman's method. All tested compounds showed AChE inhibition with IC50 value ranging from 0.201 ± 0.008 to 1.047 ± 0.043 μM. Hybrid 8d having chloro substitution on ring-B of the chalcone scaffold showed relatively better potency, with IC50 value of 0.201 ± 0.008 μM compared to other members of the series. The reference drug, galantamine, exhibited an IC50 at 1.142 ± 0.027 μM. Computational studies revealed that designed compounds bind to the peripheral anionic site (PAS), the catalytic active site (CAS), and the mid-gorge site of AChE. Putative binding modes, ligand-enzyme interactions, and stability of the best active compound are studied using molecular docking, followed by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The cytotoxicity of the synthesised derivatives was determined using the MTT test at three concentrations (100 g/mL, 500 g/mL, and 1 mg/mL). None of the chemicals had a significant effect on the body at the highest dose of 1 mg/mL.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aso Hameed Hasan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Garmian, Kalar, Kurdistan Region-Iraq, Iraq
| | - Sonam Shakya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Faiq H S Hussain
- Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Applied Science, Tishk International University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region-Iraq, Iraq
| | - Sankaranarayanan Murugesan
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani (BITS Pilani), Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Subhash Chander
- Amity Institute of Phytochemistry and Phytomedicine, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Rizki Fadhil Pratama
- Doctoral Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmacy, Universitas Muhammadiyah Palangkaraya, Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Shajarahtunnur Jamil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Basundhara Das
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Translational Cancer & Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Subhrajit Biswas
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Translational Cancer & Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Joazaizulfazli Jamalis
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
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Novel thiophene Chalcones-Coumarin as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, molecular docking, ADMET prediction and molecular dynamics simulation. Bioorg Chem 2021; 119:105572. [PMID: 34971946 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of around eight novel chalcone based coumarin derivatives (23a-h) was designed, subjected to in-silico ADMET prediction, synthesized, characterized by IR, NMR, Mass analytical techniques and evaluated as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The results of predicted ADMET study demonstrated the drug-likeness properties of the titled compounds with developmental challenges in lipophilicity and solubility parameters. The in vitro assessment of the synthesized compounds revealed that all of them showed significant activity (IC50 ranging from 0.42 to 1.296 µM) towards AChE compared to the standard drug, galantamine (IC50 = 1.142 ± 0.027 µM). Among these, compound 23e displayed the most potent inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 0.42 ± 0.019 µM. Cytotoxicity of all compounds was tested on normal human hepatic (THLE-2) cell lines at three different concentrations using the MTT assay, in which none of the compound showed significant toxicity at the highest concentration of 1000 µg/ml compared to the control group. Based on the docking study against AChE, the most active derivative 23e was orientated towards the active site and occupied both catalytic anionic site (CAS) and peripheral anionic site (PAS) of the target enzyme. In-silico studies revealed tested showed better inhibition activity of AChE compared to Butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). Molecular dynamics simulation explored the stability and dynamic behavior of 23e- AChE complex.
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Osmaniye D, Evren AE, Sağlık BN, Levent S, Özkay Y, Kaplancıklı ZA. Design, synthesis, biological activity, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics of novel benzimidazole derivatives as potential AChE/MAO-B dual inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 355:e2100450. [PMID: 34931332 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
To develop new acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) dual inhibitors against Alzheimer's disease, the benzimidazole ring, which has a propargyl side chain with previously proven selective MAO-B inhibitory activity, was used as the main structure. Moreover, like donepezil, it was thought that the enzyme AChE would provide π-π interactions with the peripheral anionic side in this structure. Piperazine derivatives were chosen for the cationic active site. The synthesis of the compounds was carried out in five steps. The structures of the compounds were determined using 1 H-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance), 13 C-NMR, and high-resolution mass spectrometry spectroscopic methods. First, the in vitro AChE, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), MAO-A, and MAO-B inhibitory potentials of the obtained compounds were investigated. As a result of activity tests, compounds 5b, 5e, 5g, and 5h showed inhibitory activity against AChE; compounds 5e and 5g showed inhibitory activity against MAO-B. None of the compounds showed inhibitory activity against BChE or MAO-A. Compounds 5e and 5g showed dual inhibition. Among these compounds, compound 5g had inhibition potential similar to that of donepezil and selegiline. For compound 5g, further kinetic studies and Aβ-plaque inhibitory potentials were investigated using in vitro methods. Molecular docking studies were performed using both AChE and hMAO-B crystals to elucidate the compound's interactions with the enzyme active site. The binding modes of the compound on AChE were fully elucidated by molecular dynamics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Osmaniye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey.,Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Asaf E Evren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey.,Vocational School of Health Services, Department of Pharmacy Services, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Begüm N Sağlık
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey.,Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Serkan Levent
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey.,Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Özkay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey.,Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Zafer A Kaplancıklı
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
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Ceyhun İ, Karaca Ş, Osmaniye D, Sağlık BN, Levent S, Özkay Y, Kaplancıklı ZA. Design and synthesis of novel chalcone derivatives and evaluation of their inhibitory activities against acetylcholinesterase. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 355:e2100372. [PMID: 34893996 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
According to the cholinergic hypothesis, an increase in the acetylcholine level in Alzheimer's disease patients relatively slows down the symptoms of the disease. The most commonly used drug, donepezil, is a cholinesterase inhibitor. In this study, 12 new chalcones (2a-l) were designed and synthesized. In biological activity studies, the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory potentials of all compounds were evaluated using the in vitro Ellman method. The biological evaluation showed that compounds 2d, 2f, 2j, and 2l displayed significant activity against AChE. The compounds 2d, 2f, 2j, and 2l displayed IC50 values of 0.042, 0.024, 0.053, and 0.033 µM against AChE, respectively. The reference drug donepezil (IC50 = 0.021 µM) also displayed significant inhibition of AChE. The inhibitory activities of these compounds for β-amyloid plaque aggregation were investigated. The enzyme kinetic study was performed to observe the effect of the most active compound 2f on the substrate-enzyme relationship, and a mixed-type inhibition of AchE was determined. Further, docking simulation also revealed that these compounds (2d, 2f, 2j, and 2l) interacted with the enzyme active site in a similar manner to donepezil. The most active derivative, compound 2f, interacted with the amino acids Trp286, Phe295, Tyr341, Trp86, and Glu202.
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Affiliation(s)
- İlçim Ceyhun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Şevval Karaca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Derya Osmaniye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey.,Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Begüm N Sağlık
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey.,Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Serkan Levent
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey.,Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Özkay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey.,Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Zafer A Kaplancıklı
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
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