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Karaboga S, Severac F, Collins EMS, Stab A, Davis A, Souchet M, Hervé G. Organophosphate toxicity patterns: A new approach for assessing organophosphate neurotoxicity. J Hazard Mater 2024; 470:134236. [PMID: 38613959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Organophosphorus compounds or organophosphates (OPs) are widely used as flame retardants, plasticizers, lubricants and pesticides. This contributes to their ubiquitous presence in the environment and to the risk of human exposure. The persistence of OPs and their bioaccumulative characteristics raise serious concerns regarding environmental and human health impacts. To address the need for safer OPs, this study uses a New Approach Method (NAM) to analyze the neurotoxicity pattern of 42 OPs. The NAM consists of a 4-step process that combines computational modeling with in vitro and in vivo experimental studies. Using spherical harmonic-based cluster analysis, the OPs were grouped into four main clusters. Experimental data and quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) analysis were used in conjunction to provide information on the neurotoxicity profile of each group. Results showed that one of the identified clusters had a favorable safety profile, which may help identify safer OPs for industrial applications. In addition, the 3D-computational analysis of each cluster was used to identify meta-molecules with specific 3D features. Toxicity was found to correspond to the level of phosphate surface accessibility. Substances with conformations that minimize phosphate surface accessibility caused less neurotoxic effect. This multi-assay NAM could be used as a guide for the classification of OP toxicity, helping to minimize the health and environmental impacts of OPs, and providing rapid support to the chemical regulators, whilst reducing reliance on animal testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Karaboga
- Harmonic Pharma, Campus Artem 92, rue du Sergent Blandan, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Florence Severac
- R&D Laboratory and Technical Department, NYCO, 75008 Paris, France
| | | | - Aurélien Stab
- Harmonic Pharma, Campus Artem 92, rue du Sergent Blandan, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Audrey Davis
- UniCaen, Université de Caen Normandie, Normandie, CERMN, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Michel Souchet
- Harmonic Pharma, Campus Artem 92, rue du Sergent Blandan, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Grégoire Hervé
- R&D Laboratory and Technical Department, NYCO, 75008 Paris, France.
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2
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Gruendel MS, Brenneisen W, Wollborn J, Haaker G, Meersch M, Gurlit S, Goebel U. Perioperative point-of-care-testing of plasma cholinesterases identifies older patients at risk for postoperative delirium: an observational prospective cohort study. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:136. [PMID: 38321383 PMCID: PMC10848373 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04627-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative delirium (POD) is a severe perioperative complication that may increase mortality and length-of-stay in older patients. Moreover, POD is a major economic burden to any healthcare system. An altered expression of Acetylcholine- and Butyrylcholinesterases (AChE, BuChE) due to an unbalanced neuroinflammatory response to trauma or an operative stimulus has been reported to play an essential role in the development of POD. We investigated if perioperative measurement of cholinesterases (ChEs) can help identifying patients at risk for the occurrence of POD in both, scheduled and emergency surgery patients. METHODS This monocentric prospective observational cohort study was performed in a tertiary hospital (departments of orthopaedic surgery and traumatology). One hundred and fifty-one patients aged above 75 years were enrolled for scheduled (n = 76) or trauma-related surgery (n = 75). Exclusion criteria were diagnosed dementia and anticholinergic medication. Plasma samples taken pre- and postoperatively were analysed regarding AChE and BuChE activity. Furthermore, perioperative assessment using different cognitive tests was performed. The type of anaesthesia (general vs. spinal anaesthesia) was analysed. Primary outcome was the incidence of POD assessed by the approved Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) in combination with the expression of AChE and BuChE. RESULTS Of 151 patients included, 38 (25.2%) suffered from POD; 11 (14%) in scheduled and 27 (36%) in emergency patients. AChE levels showed no difference throughout groups or time course. Trauma patients had lower BuChE levels prior to surgery than scheduled patients (p < 0.001). Decline in BuChE levels correlated positively with the incidence of POD (1669 vs. 1175 U/l; p < 0.001). Emergency patients with BuChE levels below 1556 U/L were at highest risk for POD. There were no differences regarding length of stay between groups or incidence of POD. The type of anaesthesia had no influence regarding the incidence of POD. Only Charlson Comorbidity Index and Mini Nutrition Assessment demonstrated reliable strength in respect of POD. CONCLUSIONS Perioperative measurement of BuChE activity can be used as a tool to identify patients at risk of POD. As a point-of-care test, quick results may alter the patients' course prior to the development of POD. TRIAL REGISTRATION https://drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00017178 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias S Gruendel
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, St. Franziskus-Hospital GmbH, Hohenzollernring 70, Muenster, 48145, Germany
| | - Wibke Brenneisen
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, St. Franziskus-Hospital GmbH, Hohenzollernring 70, Muenster, 48145, Germany
| | - Jakob Wollborn
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Gerrit Haaker
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, St. Franziskus-Hospital GmbH, Hohenzollernring 70, Muenster, 48145, Germany
| | - Melanie Meersch
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Simone Gurlit
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, St. Franziskus-Hospital GmbH, Hohenzollernring 70, Muenster, 48145, Germany
- Department of Public Health, District Council, Muenster, Germany
| | - Ulrich Goebel
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, St. Franziskus-Hospital GmbH, Hohenzollernring 70, Muenster, 48145, Germany.
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Omedes S, Crespo-Picazo JL, Robinson NJ, García-Párraga D, Sole M. Identifying biomarkers of pollutant exposure in ocean sentinels: Characterisation and optimisation of B-esterases in plasma from loggerhead turtles undergoing rehabilitation. Chemosphere 2024; 348:140770. [PMID: 37992900 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Sea turtles are frequently proposed as indicator species for assessing ocean health. To faciliate the use of these species as bioindicators requires the development of tools for rapidly and effectively assessing individual health. Here, we collected 104 blood samples from 69 loggerhead sea turtles, Caretta caretta, undergoing rehabilitation to determine the connection between health status, the activity of B-esterases, and other biochemical parameters. To determine the optimal assay protocol for B-esterases, we measured the activity and kinetics of cholinesterases-(ChEs) and carboxylesterases (CEs) using 3 and 5 commercial substrates, respectively, at different assay conditions. IC50 values for the activity of B-esterases were calculated within a concentration range for model pesticide inhibitors. Turtles' health status was determined via routine veterinary procedures. During rehabilitation (which was associated with improving health status), we observed a decrease in the activity of most enzymes (especially in acetylcholinesterase) alongside an increase in CE when using p-nitrophenyl acetate as a substrate. As such, it is possible that the activity rates of plasmatic B-esterases could serve as an indicator of health status. There is also high potential that B-esterases could be specifically sensitive to marine pollutants although to further validate this would require future studies to specifically correlate B-esterarse activities to pollutant concentrations in blood or excreta.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Omedes
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J L Crespo-Picazo
- Fundació Oceanogràfic de la Comunitat Valenciana, Gran Vía Marques del Turia 19, 46005, Valencia, Spain
| | - N J Robinson
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Fundació Oceanogràfic de la Comunitat Valenciana, Gran Vía Marques del Turia 19, 46005, Valencia, Spain
| | - D García-Párraga
- Fundació Oceanogràfic de la Comunitat Valenciana, Gran Vía Marques del Turia 19, 46005, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Sole
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
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Basagni F, Ortega JA, Bertozzi SM, Armirotti A, Summa M, Bertorelli R, Bartolini M, Mellor IR, Bedeschi M, Bottegoni G, Lembo V, Minarini A, Cavalli A, Rosini M. Galantamine-memantine hybrids for Alzheimer's disease: The influence of linker rigidity in biological activity and pharmacokinetic properties. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 261:115803. [PMID: 37734258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative processes characterizing Alzheimer's disease (AD) are strictly related to the impairment of cholinergic and glutamatergic neurotransmitter systems which provoke synaptic loss. These experimental evidences still represent the foundation of the actual standard-of-care treatment for AD, albeit palliative, consisting on the coadministration of an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and the NMDAR antagonist memantine. In looking for more effective treatments, we previously developed a series of galantamine-memantine hybrids where compound 1 (ARN14140) emerged with the best-balanced action toward the targets of interest paired to neuroprotective efficacy in a murine AD model. Unfortunately, it showed a suboptimal pharmacokinetic profile, which required intracerebroventricular administration for in vivo studies. In this work we designed and synthesized new hybrids with fewer rotatable bonds, which is related to higher brain exposure. Particularly, compound 2, bearing a double bond in the tether, ameliorated the biological profile of compound 1 in invitro studies, increasing cholinesterases inhibitory potencies and selective antagonism toward excitotoxic-related GluN1/2B NMDAR over beneficial GluN1/2A NMDAR. Furthermore, it showed increased plasma stability and comparable microsomal stability in vitro, paired with lower half-life and faster clearance in vivo. Remarkably, pharmacokinetic evaluations of compound 2 showed a promising increase in brain uptake in comparison to compound 1, representing the starting point for further chemical optimizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Basagni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jose A Ortega
- Computational and Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Sine M Bertozzi
- Analytical Chemistry Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Armirotti
- Analytical Chemistry Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Summa
- Translational Pharmacology Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Rosalia Bertorelli
- Translational Pharmacology Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Manuela Bartolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ian R Mellor
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Martina Bedeschi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy; School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Giovanni Bottegoni
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029, Urbino, Italy; Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Vittorio Lembo
- Computational and Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy; Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Anna Minarini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavalli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy; Computational and Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy.
| | - Michela Rosini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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Zaib S, Younas MT, Khan I, Ali HS, McAdam CJ, White JM, Jaber F, Awwad NS, Ibrahium HA. Pyrimidine-morpholine hybrids as potent druggable therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease: Synthesis, biochemical and in silico analyses. Bioorg Chem 2023; 141:106868. [PMID: 37738768 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The identification of effective and druggable cholinesterase inhibitors to treat progressive neurodegenerative Alzheimer's disorder remains a continuous drug discovery hunt. In this perspective, the present study investigates the design and discovery of pyrimidine-morpholine hybrids (5a-l) as potent cholinesterase inhibitors. Palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction was employed to introduce the structural diversity on the pyrimidine heterocyclic core. A range of commercially available boronic acids was successfully coupled showing a high functional group tolerance. In vitro cholinesterase inhibitory potential using Ellman's method revealed significantly strong potency. Compound 5h bearing a meta-tolyl substituent at 2-position of pyrimidine ring emerged as a lead candidate against AChE with an inhibitory potency of 0.43 ± 0.42 µM, ∼38-fold stronger value than neostigmine (IC50 = 16.3 ± 1.12 µM). Compound 5h also showed the lead inhibition against BuChE with an IC50 value of 2.5 ± 0.04 µM. The kinetics analysis of 5h revealed the non-competitive mode of inhibition against AChE whereas computational modelling results of potent leads depicted diverse contacts with the binding site amino acid residues. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed the stability of biomolecular system, while, ADME analysis demonstrated druglikeness behaviour of potent compounds. Overall, the investigated pyrimidine-morpholine scaffold presented a remarkable potential to be developed as efficacious anti-Alzheimer's drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumera Zaib
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Tayyab Younas
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester MI 7DN, UK.
| | - Hafiz Saqib Ali
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the INEOS Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | | | - Jonathan M White
- School of Chemistry and Bio-21 Institute, University of Melbourne, 3052 Parkville, Australia
| | - Fadi Jaber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nasser S Awwad
- Department of Chemistry, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala A Ibrahium
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
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Ramírez-Cruz A, Gómez-González B, Baiza-Gutman LA, Manuel-Apolinar L, Ángeles-Mejía S, López-Cervantes SP, Ortega-Camarillo C, Cruz-López M, Gómez-Olivares JL, Díaz-Flores M. Nicotinamide, an acetylcholinesterase uncompetitive inhibitor, protects the blood‒brain barrier and improves cognitive function in rats fed a hypercaloric diet. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 959:176068. [PMID: 37775016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation induced by abundant consumption of high-energy foods and caloric overload are implicated in the dysfunction of the blood‒brain barrier (BBB), cognitive impairment, and overactivation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). These enzymes hydrolyse acetylcholine, affecting anti-inflammatory cholinergic signalling. Our aim was to evaluate whether nicotinamide (NAM) attenuates the impairment of the BBB and cognitive function, improving cholinergic signalling. Forty male rats were distributed into five groups: one group was fed a standard diet, and the remaining groups were fed a high-fat diet and a beverage with 40% sucrose (HFS; high-fat sucrose). In three of the HFS groups, the carbohydrate was replaced by drinking water containing different concentrations of NAM for 5 h every morning for 12 weeks. The biochemical profile, levels of stress and inflammation markers, cholinesterase activities, BBB permeability, and cognitive capacity were evaluated. The results showed that the HFS diet disturbed the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids, causing insulin resistance. Simultaneously, AChE and BChE activities, levels of proinflammatory cytokines, oxidation of proteins and lipoperoxidation increased along with decreased antioxidant capacity in serum. In the hippocampus, increased activity of cholinesterases, protein carbonylation and lipoperoxidation were associated with decreased antioxidant capacity. Systemic and hippocampal changes were reflected in increased BBB permeability and cognitive impairment. In contrast, NAM attenuated the above changes by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation through decreasing cholinesterase activities, especially by uncompetitive inhibition. NAM may be a potential systemic and neuroprotective agent to mitigate cognitive damage due to hypercaloric diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ramírez-Cruz
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades "Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez" Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - B Gómez-González
- Departamento de Biología de La Reproducción, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de La Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - L A Baiza-Gutman
- Laboratorio de Biología Del Desarrollo, Unidad de Morfología y Función, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Estado de México, Mexico.
| | - L Manuel-Apolinar
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Endocrinas, Hospital de Especialidades "Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez" Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - S Ángeles-Mejía
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades "Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez" Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - S P López-Cervantes
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - C Ortega-Camarillo
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades "Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez" Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - M Cruz-López
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades "Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez" Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - J L Gómez-Olivares
- Laboratorio de Biomembranas, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de La Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - M Díaz-Flores
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades "Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez" Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Bhanukiran K, Singh SK, Singh R, Kumar A, Hemalatha S. Discovery of Multitarget-Directed Ligands from Piperidine Alkaloid Piperine as a Cap Group for the Management of Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:2743-2760. [PMID: 37433759 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The naturally inspired multitarget-directed ligands (PC01-PC10 and PD01-PD26) were synthesized from piperine for the management of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The compound PD07 showed significant inhibitory activity on ChEs, BACE1, and Aβ1-42 aggregation in in vitro studies. Further, compound PD07 effectively displaced the propidium iodide at the AChE PAS site. The compound PD07 exhibited significant lipophilicity in PAMPA studies. Additionally, PD07 demonstrated neuroprotective properties in the Aβ1-42 induced SH-SY5Y cell line. Furthermore, DFT calculations were performed using B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) basis sets to explore the PD07 physical and chemical properties. The compound PD07 showed a similar binding interaction profile at active sites of AChE, BuChE, and BACE1 proteins as compared to reference ligands (donepezil, tacrine, and BSD) in molecular docking and dynamic simulation studies. In acute oral toxicity studies, compound PD07 exhibited no toxicity symptoms up to 300 mg/kg, po. The compound PD07 (10 mg/kg, po) improved memory and cognition in scopolamine-induced amnesia rats. Further, PD07 increased ACh levels in the brain by inhibiting the AChE activity. The results from in vitro, in silico, and in vivo studies suggested that compound PD07 is a potent multitarget-directed lead from piperine to overcome Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kancharla Bhanukiran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Ravi Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Siva Hemalatha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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Omedes S, Crespo-Picazo JL, García-Párraga D, Sole M. B-esterase measurements and other blood related biomarkers in loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) as indicators of health status. Sci Total Environ 2023; 879:163040. [PMID: 36965720 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) has been selected as sentinel species by the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) descriptor 10 in relation to marine litter. In this, and other protected species, there is a need to develop conservative pollution biomarkers equally informative of chemical exposures to those traditionally carried out in metabolic organs, such as the liver. With this aim, plasma from turtles undergoing rehabilitation at the Fundació Oceanogràfic rescue centre (Arca del Mar) were selected and tested for B-esterase measurements. Hydrolysis rates of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and carboxylesterases (CEs) using four commercial substrates were undertaken on 191 plasma samples. Results indicated that acetylthiocholine was the most adequate substrate of cholinesterases and butyrate esters for CE measures. The correlation of these parameters with well-established blood biochemistry measurements was analysed. B-esterase measures in wild specimens were discussed in relation to age group, pathology on admission to the rescue centre and season; moreover, contrasts with long-term resident turtles were also made. Although this study provides baseline data on B-esterase measures in a large sample size for this species, more complementary information is still needed in terms of population genetics, chemical exposures, and in relation to other biochemical parameters before they can be confidently applied in wild specimens within the regulatory MSFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Omedes
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Psg. Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J L Crespo-Picazo
- Fundació Oceanogràfic de la Comunidad Valenciana, Gran Vía Marqués del Turia 19, 46005 València, Spain
| | - D García-Párraga
- Fundació Oceanogràfic de la Comunidad Valenciana, Gran Vía Marqués del Turia 19, 46005 València, Spain
| | - M Sole
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Psg. Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
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Gajulaa SK, Kanthalac SK, Narrab MR, Vanamalab VD. Individual and interactive biochemical profile damages in Labeo rohita (Cyprinidae) by imidacloprid and clothianidin. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023:109689. [PMID: 37356513 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoid insecticide residues are found frequently in different water resources, but the knowledge of their ecological consequences is scanty. The present research focused on one-third of the LC50 concentration of the two neonicotinoids imidacloprid (66.6 mg/L) and clothianidin (30 mg/L) individually and a mixture (range of 33.3 + 15 mg/L) were exposed to Labeo rohita for 42 days. The investigation evaluated the single and combined insecticidal antagonistic effects on fish cholinesterases (AChE and BChE), oxidative stress activities, and DNA damage (8-OHdG) after intoxication. The imidacloprid (IMI), clothianidin (CLO), and combination intoxication significantly reduced AChE and BChE enzyme activities in the brain, muscle, and serum. The highest levels of AChE inhibition were found in the muscle and brain, whereas the highest levels of BChE were seen in the serum and muscle in the mixed group. The enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidative activities in the brain and liver varied, with significant increases in superoxide dismutase, catalase activities, lipid peroxidation levels, glutathione S-transferase activity, and a decreasing trend in reduced glutathione levels compared to controls. The 8-OHdG activity increased significantly in proportion to exposure time, while the liver showed the highest increase, followed by the brain in the mixture group. Long-period exposure to neonicotinoids can cause severe neurotoxicity by inhibiting cholinesterase, altering antioxidant activities, and inducing DNA damage (increasing 8-OHdG). The results showed that clothianidin is more toxic than imidacloprid as a single active ingredient, whereas the mixture of two insecticides is more toxic than the single active ingredients.
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Evangelista TCS, López Ó, Puerta A, Fernandes MX, Ferreira SB, Padrón JM, Fernández-Bolaños JG, Sydnes MO, Lindbäck E. A hybrid of 1-deoxynojirimycin and benzotriazole induces preferential inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) over acetylcholinesterase (AChE). J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:2395-2402. [PMID: 36065944 PMCID: PMC9467581 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2117912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of four heterodimers in which the copper(I)-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition was employed to connect a 1-deoxynojirimycin moiety with a benzotriazole scaffold is reported. The heterodimers were investigated as inhibitors against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). The heterodimers displayed preferential inhibition (> 9) of BuChE over AChE in the micromolar concentration range (IC50 = 7-50 µM). For the most potent inhibitor of BuChE, Cornish-Bowden plots were used, which demonstrated that it behaves as a mixed inhibitor. Modelling studies of the same inhibitor demonstrated that the benzotriazole and 1-deoxynojirimycin moiety is accommodated in the peripheral anionic site and catalytic anionic site, respectively, of AChE. The binding mode to BuChE was different as the benzotriazole moiety is accommodated in the catalytic anionic site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Cristina Santos Evangelista
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Óscar López
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Adrián Puerta
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González" (IUBO-AG), Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Miguel X Fernandes
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González" (IUBO-AG), Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Sabrina Baptista Ferreira
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José M Padrón
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González" (IUBO-AG), Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | | | - Magne O Sydnes
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Emil Lindbäck
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
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11
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Solé M, Figueres E, Mañanós E, Rojo-Solís C, García-Párraga D. Characterisation of plasmatic B-esterases in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and their potential as biomarkers of xenobiotic chemical exposures. Environ Pollut 2022; 313:120149. [PMID: 36115493 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A total of 164 blood samples from 16 clinically healthy bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), were obtained from an aquarium in Spain between 2019 and 2020, as part of their preventive medicine protocol. In addition to conventional haematological and biochemical analyses, plasmatic B-esterase activities were characterised to determine the potential application of such analyses in wild counterparts. The hydrolysis rates for the substrates of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) and carboxylesterase (CE) activity in plasma were measured, the last using two commercial substrates, p-nitrophenyl acetate (pNPA) and p-nitrophenyl butyrate (pNPB). Activity rates (mean ± SEM in nmol/min/mL plasma) were (in descending order): AChE (125.6 ± 3.8), pNPB-CE (65.0 ± 2.2), pNPA-CE (49.7 ± 1.1) and BuChE (12.8 ± 1.3). These values for dolphins are reported in here for the first time in this species. Additionally, the in vitro sensitivity of two B-esterases (AChE and pNPB-CE) to chemicals of environmental concern was determined, and the protective role of plasmatic albumin assessed. Out of the B-esterases measured in plasma of dolphin, AChE activity was more responsive in vitro to pesticides, while CEs had a low response to plastic additives, likely due to the protective presence of albumin. However, the clear in vitro interaction of these environmental chemicals with purified AChE from electric eels and recombinant human hCEs (hCE1 and hCE2) and albumin, predicts their impact in other tissues that require in vivo validation. A relationship between esterase-like activities and health parameters in terrestrial mammals has already been established. Thus, B-esterase measures could be easily included in marine mammal health assessment protocols for dolphins as well, once the relationship between these measures and the animal's fitness has been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Solé
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Psg. Marítim de La Barceloneta 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - E Figueres
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Psg. Marítim de La Barceloneta 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Mañanós
- Institute of Aquaculture Torre La Sal (IATS),-CSIC, 12595, Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - C Rojo-Solís
- Veterinary Services, Oceanogràfic, Ciudad de Las Artes y Las Ciencias, C/Eduardo Primo Yúfera (Científic) 1B, 46013, València, Spain
| | - D García-Párraga
- Veterinary Services, Oceanogràfic, Ciudad de Las Artes y Las Ciencias, C/Eduardo Primo Yúfera (Científic) 1B, 46013, València, Spain
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12
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Omedes S, Andrade M, Escolar O, Villanueva R, Freitas R, Solé M. B-esterases characterisation in the digestive tract of the common octopus and the European cuttlefish and their in vitro responses to contaminants of environmental concern. Environ Res 2022; 210:112961. [PMID: 35181305 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cephalopods are a group of marine invertebrates that have received little attention as sentinel species in comparison to other molluscs, such as bivalves. Consequently, their physiological and biochemical xenobiotic metabolism responses are poorly understood. Here we undertake a comparative analysis of the enzymatic activities involved in detoxification reactions and neural transmission in the digestive tract of two commercial cephalopods: the Common octopus, Octopus vulgaris, and the European cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis. For methodological purposes, several common B-esterases (five carboxylesterase (CE) substrates and three cholinesterase (ChE) determinations) were assayed as a proxy of metabolic and neuronal activities, respectively. Four components of the digestive tract in each species were considered: salivary glands, the stomach, the digestive gland and the caecum. The in vitro responses of digestive gland homogenates to model chemicals and contaminants of environmental concern were contrasted between both cephalopod species. The baseline biochemical activities in the four digestive tract components were also determined. Moreover, in order to validate the protocol, purified proteins, recombinant human CE (CE1 and CE2) and purified eel acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were included in the analysis. Overall, carboxylesterase activities were higher in octopus than in cuttlefish, with the activity quantified in the digestive tract components in the following order: digestive gland ≈ caecum > stomach ≈ salivary glands, with higher hydrolysis rates reached with naphthyl-derived substrates. In contrast, cuttlefish hydrolysis rates with ChE substrates were higher than in octopus. This trend was also reflected in a higher sensitivity to CE inhibitors in octopus and to AChE inhibitors in cuttlefish. Given the detoxification character of CEs and its protective role preventing AChE inhibition, octopus could be regarded as more efficiently protected than cuttlefish from neurotoxic exposures. A full characterisation of B-esterases in the digestive tract of the two common cephalopods is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Omedes
- Institut de Ciències del Mar ICM-CSIC, E-08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Andrade
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - O Escolar
- Institut de Ciències del Mar ICM-CSIC, E-08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Villanueva
- Institut de Ciències del Mar ICM-CSIC, E-08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Freitas
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Solé
- Institut de Ciències del Mar ICM-CSIC, E-08003, Barcelona, Spain.
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13
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Fernandes F, Barroso MF, De Simone A, Emriková E, Dias-Teixeira M, Pereira JP, Chlebek J, Fernandes VC, Rodrigues F, Andrisano V, Delerue-Matos C, Grosso C. Multi-target neuroprotective effects of herbal medicines for Alzheimer's disease. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 290:115107. [PMID: 35176467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia, but its treatment options remain few and ineffective. To find new therapeutic strategies, natural products have gained interest due to their neuroprotective potential, being able to target different pathological hallmarks associated with this disorder. Several plant species are traditionally used due to their empirical neuroprotective effects and it is worth to explore their mechanism of action. AIM OF THE STUDY This study intended to explore the neuroprotective potential of seven traditional medicinal plants, namely Scutellaria baicalensis, Ginkgo biloba, Hypericum perforatum, Curcuma longa, Lavandula angustifolia, Trigonella foenum-graecum and Rosmarinus officinalis. The safety assessment with reference to pesticides residues was also aimed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Decoctions prepared from these species were chemically characterized by HPLC-DAD and screened for their ability to scavenge four different free radicals (DPPH•, ABTS•+, O2•‒ and •NO) and to inhibit enzymes related to neurodegeneration (cholinesterases and glycogen synthase kinase-3β). Cell viability through MTT assay was also evaluated in two different brain cell lines, namely non-tumorigenic D3 human brain endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3) and NSC-34 motor neurons. Furthermore, and using GC, 21 pesticides residues were screened. RESULTS Regarding chemical composition, chromatographic analysis revealed the presence of several flavonoids, phenolic acids, curcuminoids, phenolic diterpenoids, one alkaloid and one naphthodianthrone in the seven decoctions. All extracts were able to scavenge free radicals and were moderate glycogen synthase kinase-3β inhibitors; however, they displayed weak to moderate acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibition. G. biloba and L. angustifolia decoctions were the less cytotoxic to hCMEC/D3 and NSC-34 cell lines. No pesticides residues were detected. CONCLUSIONS The results extend the knowledge on the potential use of plant extracts to combat multifactorial disorders, giving new insights into therapeutic avenues for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Fernandes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Fátima Barroso
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015, Porto, Portugal
| | - Angela De Simone
- Department of Drug Science and Technology University of Turin, via P.Giuria 9, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Eliška Emriková
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 47921, Rimini, Italy
| | - Mónica Dias-Teixeira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015, Porto, Portugal; NICiTeS-Núcleo de Investigação em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Escola Superior de Saúde Ribeiro Sanches, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José Paulo Pereira
- NICiTeS-Núcleo de Investigação em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Escola Superior de Saúde Ribeiro Sanches, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jakub Chlebek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Virgínia Cruz Fernandes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015, Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisca Rodrigues
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vincenza Andrisano
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 47921, Rimini, Italy
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015, Porto, Portugal
| | - Clara Grosso
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015, Porto, Portugal.
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14
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Darabi AH, Nabipour I, Mohebbi G, Vazirizadeh A, Vatanpour H, Maryamabadi A. Studies on the cholinesterases inhibiting compounds from the Cassiopea andromeda venom. Bioinformation 2021; 16:702-709. [PMID: 34621116 PMCID: PMC8457019 DOI: 10.6026/97320630016702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholinesterase inhibitors find application in the combat and care of several diseases, especially AD. Jellyfish venoms are the most promising sources of potent cholinesterase inhibitors. Therefore, it is of interest to study cholinesterases inhibiting compounds
from the Cassiopea andromeda venom. We report bioactive compounds using the GC-MC method followed by molecular modeling and docking data analysis. The GC-MS analysis of the crude venom led to the identification of seven bioactive compounds (C1-C7), comprising the
steroidal alkaloids, phenolic and carotenoid derivatives. The venom exhibited inhibitory activities against the cholinesterase enzymes. The compound C2, a Dioxolane steroid, displayed the strongest inhibition on both AChE and BChE activities for further consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Darabi
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Iraj Nabipour
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Mohebbi
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Amir Vazirizadeh
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, The Persian Gulf Research and Studies Center, The Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Hossein Vatanpour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaheed Beheshti Medical Sciences University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ammar Maryamabadi
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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15
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Vieira M, Nunes B. Cholinesterases of marine fish: characterization and sensitivity towards specific chemicals. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:48595-48609. [PMID: 33913109 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13748-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of cholinesterases has been frequently used as a biomarker for contamination of aquatic environments, because these enzymes are frequent targets for toxic effects of contaminants, such as insecticides derived from phosphoric and carbamic acids. However, this enzyme is also responsive to other contaminants, including metals. The use of cholinesterase inhibition as effect criterion in ecotoxicology studies requires the previous characterization of the specific enzymatic forms that can be present in the different tissues and/or organs of species. This work characterized the soluble ChEs present in the brain and dorsal muscle of three marine fish species, namely Scomber scombrus, Sardina pilchardus and Chelidonichthys lucerna. Pesticides (chlorpyrifos) and metals (copper sulphate) in vitro assays were conducted to quantify the effects of these contaminants on cholinesterases activity. The results of this study showed that acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was the predominant form present in the brain tissues of the three species and in the muscle tissue of one species (Sardina pilchardus). For Scomber scombrus and Chelidonichthys lucerna, the cholinesterase form present in the muscle tissue evidenced properties between the classic acetylcholinesterase and those of pseudocholinesterase forms. The results for the metal (copper) and pesticide (chlorpyrifos) showed that this species may be suitable for monitoring contaminations for these types of contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalena Vieira
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bruno Nunes
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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16
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Koller M, Thiermann H, Worek F, Wille T. Release of protein-bound nerve agents by excess fluoride from whole blood: GC-MS/MS method development, validation, and application to a real-life denatured blood sample. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1179:122693. [PMID: 34171608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In analogy to the fluoride-induced regeneration of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibited by nerve agents a method was developed and optimized for whole blood samples. Compared to the plasma method, regeneration grade was found to be higher for cyclosarin (GF), i-butylsarin from VR, and n-butylsarin from CVX, but lower for sarin (GB), fluorotabun from tabun (GA), and ethylsarin from VX. Regeneration grade of soman (GD) is the same for both matrices because it is released from serum albumin and not from cholinesterases. The method was fully validated for GB and GF to prove selectivity, linearity (n = 6), limit of determination (LOD1), reproducibility (within day (n = 8) and from day to day (n = 8)), effectiveness of extraction, matrix effect, and sample stability (after sample preparation and during three freeze/thaw cycles). The other agents were tested for selectivity, linearity (n = 2), limit of determination, and stability after sample preparation. The method showed high selectivity, good linearity up to the protein's saturation concentration (GB: R2 = 0.9995, GF: 0.9968), and high reproducibility (GB: C.V. 5.9-13.7%, GF: 4.9-10.3%). The limits of determination (calculated from the spiked amount of the original agent) were found with 0.3 ng/mL VX, 0.5 ng/mL GB, 1 ng/mL VR, 0.5 ng/mL GA, 1 ng/mL CVX, and 8 ng/mL GD. In the case of GF, it was found with 4 ng/mL using Isolute ENV + SPE cartridges as for the other analytes and with 2.5 ng/mL using Isolute C8 EC SPE cartridges instead. This method was then applied to a denatured whole blood sample obtained from an individual exposed to GB. While previously only the GB metabolite isopropyl methylphosphonic acid (IMPA) could be detected in this blood sample it was now possible to successfully release GB from the blood proteins by excess fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Koller
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstraße 11, D-80937 Munich, Germany.
| | - Horst Thiermann
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstraße 11, D-80937 Munich, Germany.
| | - Franz Worek
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstraße 11, D-80937 Munich, Germany.
| | - Timo Wille
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstraße 11, D-80937 Munich, Germany.
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17
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Spinelli R, Rietmann Á, Sanchis I, Siano ÁS. Natural multi-target modulators of pathological pathways in Alzheimer's disease isolated from the Rhinella arenarum skin. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:3193-3197. [PMID: 34311633 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1953022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The skin of anuran amphibians is a rich source of compounds with great medicinal potential. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex disease associated with numerous pathological pathways, making their simultaneous modulation necessary. Nowadays the development of anti-AD drugs is focused on a Multi-Target Directed Ligands strategy. Herein we report the bioactivity of the skin extracts of the toad Rhinella arenarum obtained by an invasive and non-invasive methods, against five AD pathological targets (AChE, BChE, MAO-B, antioxidant and chelating activities). The extract derived from the non-invasive technique showed the highest biological activity, being capable of acting on all or almost all the pathological targets of AD, while also avoiding harm to the animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roque Spinelli
- Laboratorio de Péptidos Bioactivos, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Álvaro Rietmann
- Laboratorio de Péptidos Bioactivos, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ivan Sanchis
- Laboratorio de Péptidos Bioactivos, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Álvaro Sebastián Siano
- Laboratorio de Péptidos Bioactivos, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
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18
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Makhaeva GF, Lushchekina SV, Boltneva NP, Serebryakova OG, Kovaleva NV, Rudakova EV, Elkina NA, Shchegolkov EV, Burgart YV, Stupina TS, Terentiev AA, Radchenko EV, Palyulin VA, Saloutin VI, Bachurin SO, Richardson RJ. Novel potent bifunctional carboxylesterase inhibitors based on a polyfluoroalkyl-2-imino-1,3-dione scaffold. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 218:113385. [PMID: 33831780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
An expanded series of alkyl 2-arylhydrazinylidene-3-oxo-3-polyfluoroalkylpropionates (HOPs) 3 was obtained via Cu(OAc)2-catalyzed azo coupling. All were nanomolar inhibitors of carboxylesterase (CES), while moderate or weak inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. Steady-state kinetics studies showed that HOPs 3 are mixed type inhibitors of the three esterases. Molecular docking studies demonstrated that two functional groups in the structure of HOPs, trifluoromethyl ketone (TFK) and ester groups, bind to the CES active site suggesting subsequent reactions: formation of a tetrahedral adduct, and a slow hydrolysis reaction. The results of molecular modeling allowed us to explain some structure-activity relationships of CES inhibition by HOPs 3: their selectivity toward CES in comparison with cholinesterases and the high selectivity of pentafluoroethyl-substituted HOP 3p to hCES1 compared to hCES2. All compounds were predicted to have good intestinal absorption and blood-brain barrier permeability, low cardiac toxicity, good lipophilicity and aqueous solubility, and reasonable overall drug-likeness. HOPs with a TFK group and electron-donor substituents in the arylhydrazone moiety were potent antioxidants. All compounds possessed low cytotoxicity and low acute toxicity. Overall, a new promising type of bifunctional CES inhibitors has been found that are able to interact with the active site of the enzyme with the participation of two functional groups. The results indicate that HOPs have the potential to be good candidates as human CES inhibitors for biomedicinal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina F Makhaeva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Sofya V Lushchekina
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia; Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Natalia P Boltneva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Olga G Serebryakova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Nadezhda V Kovaleva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Elena V Rudakova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Natalia A Elkina
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Urals Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, 620990, Russia
| | - Evgeny V Shchegolkov
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Urals Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, 620990, Russia
| | - Yanina V Burgart
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Urals Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, 620990, Russia
| | - Tatyana S Stupina
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Alexey A Terentiev
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Eugene V Radchenko
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia; Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Palyulin
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia; Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Victor I Saloutin
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Urals Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, 620990, Russia
| | - Sergey O Bachurin
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Rudy J Richardson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Center of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Delerue T, Fátima Barroso M, Dias-Teixeira M, Figueiredo-González M, Delerue-Matos C, Grosso C. Interactions between Ginkgo biloba L. and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in multicomponent mixtures towards cholinesterase inhibition and ROS scavenging. Food Res Int 2020; 140:109857. [PMID: 33648175 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This study gives new insights to understand the type of interactions between Ginkgo biloba L. and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, two Chinese medicinal plants with well documented neuroprotective effects, on three targets in Alzheimer's disease (AD): acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholnesterase (BuChE) inhibition and hydrogen peroxide scavenging. Individual samples, binary mixtures with different proportions of both plant species, and also a commercial multicomponent combination containing both plants together with unroasted Coffea arabica L. and quercetin-3-O-rutinoside were used to perform this in vitro evaluation. Sample phenolic profiles were also determined by HPLC-DAD, showing the presence of several flavonoid glycosides, phenolic acids and a methylxanthine. In order to investigate the possible synergism/antagonism interaction, data obtained were analyzed by CompuSyn software. The results showed that G. biloba and S. baicalensis alone display better activities than in mixtures, most of the interactions exhibiting different degrees of antagonism. A slight synergism interaction was only observed for the commercial multicomponent mixture tested against H2O2. Further analysis was carried out to understand which compounds could be responsible for the antagonistic interaction. Seventeen single pure compounds present in all extracts were tested against AChE inhibition, most of them displaying weak or no activity. Only caffeine had a remarkable activity. Five different binary and quaternary mixture compositions were design to deepen the interaction between these compounds, revealing mainly phenolic acid-flavonoid, flavonoid-flavonoid and methylxanthine-flavonoid-phenolic acid antagonistic interactions. These results clearly show that, for the targets evaluated, there is no potentiation of the neuroprotective effect by combining S. baicalensis and G. biloba extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Delerue
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - M Fátima Barroso
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mónica Dias-Teixeira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; NICiTeS-Núcleo de Investigação em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Escola Superior de Saúde Ribeiro Sanches, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Figueiredo-González
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Clara Grosso
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal.
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Sanahuja I, Dallarés S, Ibarz A, Solé M. Multi-organ characterisation of B-esterases in the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax): Effects of the insecticide fipronil at two temperatures. Aquat Toxicol 2020; 228:105617. [PMID: 32942115 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In fish, the study of cholinesterases (ChEs) and carboxylesterases (CEs), apart from their involvement in neural activity and xenobiotic metabolism, respectively, requires to be further explored. The European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) was the fish model used to characterise B-esterases in several matrices and organs, as well as to assess the impacts of the insecticide fipronil at two temperatures: the natural temperature at the time of sampling (13 °C) and at 16 °C (based on climate change-related predictions for the Mediterranean region). Fipronil exerts harmful effects in non-target species; however, some countries are reluctant to implement regulations without additional evidence on their toxicity. A comprehensive study was performed in fish pre-acclimated to the two targeted temperatures for 15 days. B-esterases were evaluated in multiple samples after 7 and 14 day exposures to fipronil in feed (dose of 10 mg/kg) and after a 7-day depurative period. Based on hydrolysis rates, results showed that CEs were measurable in all matrices while ChEs were more abundant in muscle and, particularly, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the brain. A + 3 °C increase in temperature had little influence on B-esterase activity; however, fipronil caused a significant increase in brain AChE (1.5-fold) and CE (3-fold) activities. Other matrices and organs also experienced alterations in their B-esterase activities that could compromise their physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignasi Sanahuja
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Dallarés
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Ibarz
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Solé
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
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Ferré DM, Jotallan PJ, Lentini V, Ludueña HR, Romano RR, Gorla NBM. Biomonitoring of the hematological, biochemical and genotoxic effects of the mixture cypermethrin plus chlorpyrifos applications in bovines. Sci Total Environ 2020; 726:138058. [PMID: 32481203 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
External antiparasitic agents applied in bovine production represent a risk to consumers of meat products, especially if the conditions of their use are not strictly respected. The post-mortem control of residues in meat is an activity that must be updated and reinforced by the biomonitoring of live animals and the use of analytical tools to help identifying signs of early warning risks. The objective of the present study was to carry out a pre-slaughter biomonitoring approach in Aberdeen Angus cattle and crosses (n = 12) with the application of a commercial formulation of cypermethrin plus chlorpyrifos. This was performed with a single therapeutic dose applied on the backs of the cattle, through hematological, enzymatic, as well as hepatic and renal function analysis in plasma, and then quantifying the genotoxic effect on lymphocytes. Analytical measurements of plasma concentrations of cypermethrin plus chlorpyrifos at 24 h were negative and therefore a low absorption of the compounds was assumed. Measurement of acetyl cholinesterase showed no inhibition after exposure. The concentration of urea increased between 24 h and 168 h post application of the formulation, without showing any kidney damage. The rest of the parameters analyzed did not show any variations. This evaluation of hematological and biochemical effects and of cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay in bovines is proposed as a pre-slaughter control of biomonitoring of the health status of animals, with a focus on food safety for meat consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela M Ferré
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Laboratorio de Genética, Ambiente y Reproducción, Universidad Juan Agustín Maza, lateral sur 2245, Guaymallén, Mendoza, Argentina.
| | - Paola J Jotallan
- Laboratorio de Genética, Ambiente y Reproducción, Universidad Juan Agustín Maza, lateral sur 2245, Guaymallén, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Valeria Lentini
- Laboratorio de Genética, Ambiente y Reproducción, Universidad Juan Agustín Maza, lateral sur 2245, Guaymallén, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Hector R Ludueña
- Laboratorio de Genética, Ambiente y Reproducción, Universidad Juan Agustín Maza, lateral sur 2245, Guaymallén, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Raquel R Romano
- Laboratorio de Genética, Ambiente y Reproducción, Universidad Juan Agustín Maza, lateral sur 2245, Guaymallén, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Nora B M Gorla
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Laboratorio de Genética, Ambiente y Reproducción, Universidad Juan Agustín Maza, lateral sur 2245, Guaymallén, Mendoza, Argentina.
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22
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Agbo EN, Gildenhuys S, Choong YS, Mphahlele MJ, More GK. Synthesis of furocoumarin-stilbene hybrids as potential multifunctional drugs against multiple biochemical targets associated with Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Chem 2020; 101:103997. [PMID: 32554280 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A series of furocoumarin-stilbene hybrids has been synthesized and evaluated in vitro for inhibitory effect against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinestarase (BChE), β-secretase, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and lipoxygenase-5 (LOX-5) activities including free radical-scavenging properties. Among these hybrids, 8-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-(3,5-dimethoxystyryl)furochromen-2-one 4h exhibited significant anticholinesterase activity and inhibitory effect against β-secretase, COX-2 and LOX-5 activities. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and an in vitro cell-based antioxidant activity assay involving lipopolysaccharide induced reactive oxygen species production revealed that 4h has capability of scavenging free radicals. Molecular docking into AChE, BChE, β-secretase, COX-2 and LOX-5 active sites has also been performed.
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Nazir N, Zahoor M, Nisar M, Karim N, Latif A, Ahmad S, Uddin Z. Evaluation of neuroprotective and anti-amnesic effects of Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. On scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:143. [PMID: 32397979 PMCID: PMC7216467 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-02942-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elaeagnus umbellata is abundantly found in Himalayan regions of Pakistan which is traditionally used to treat various health disorders. However, the experimental evidence supporting the anti-amnesic effect is limited. Therefore the study was aimed to evaluate the prospective beneficial effect of E. umbellata on learning and memory in mice. OBJECTIVES To assess neuroprotective and anti-amnesic effects of E. umbellata fruit extracts and isolated compounds on the central nervous system. METHODS Major phytochemical groups present in methanolic extract of E. umbellata were qualitatively determined. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also determined in extract/fractions of E. umbellata. On the basis of in vitro promising anticholinesterases (AChE & BChE) and antioxidant activities observed for CHF. Ext and isolated compound-I (Chlorogenic acid = CGA), they were further evaluated for learning and memory in normal and scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in mice using memory behavioral tests such as the Y maze and Novel object recognition using standard procedures. The test sample were further assessed for in vivo anticholinesterases (AChE & BChE) and DPPH free radical scavenging activities in mice brain sample and finally validated by molecular docking study using GOLD software. RESULTS The extract/fractions and isolated compounds were tested for their anticholinesterase and antioxidant potentials. The CHF. Ext and CGA showed maximum % inhibition of tested cholinesterases and free radicals. The CHF. Ext and CGA reversed the effects of scopolamine in mice. The CHF. Ext and CGA significantly increased the alternate arm returns and % spontaneous alteration performance while escape latency times (second) significantly decreased in Y maze test. The CHF. Ext and CGA significantly increased the time spent with novel object and also increased the discrimination index in the Novel object recognition test. Furthermore, molecular docking was used to validate the mechanism of cholinesterases inhibition of isolated compounds. CONCLUSION The data obtained from behavioral and biochemical studies (AChE/BChE and DPPH/ABTS inhibition) have shown that E. umbellata possessed significant memory enhancing potency. These results suggest that E. umbellata extract possess potential antiamnesic effects and amongst the isolated compounds, compound I could be more effective anti-amnesic therapeutics. However, further studies are needed to identify the exact mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nausheen Nazir
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir (L), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zahoor
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir (L), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Nisar
- Department of Botany, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir (L), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Nasiara Karim
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir (L), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Latif
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir (L), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Zia Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
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Araújo MJ, Quintaneiro C, Soares AMVM, Monteiro MS. Effects of triclosan on early development of Solea senegalensis: from biochemical to individual level. Chemosphere 2019; 235:885-899. [PMID: 31284137 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Harmful effects of triclosan (TCS) have been reported on several organisms; however, effects on early life stages of marine vertebrates are limited. Therefore, the objective of this work was to assess the effects of TCS during early development of the flatfish Solea senegalensis after initial characterization of cholinesterases (ChEs) and determination of selected biochemical markers baseline levels. Characterization of ChEs and determination of biochemical markers baseline levels of cholinergic activity, energy metabolism and oxidative stress were analysed in sole at 3 days after hatching (dah) and at the onset and end of metamorphosis. To assess TCS effects, fish were exposed during 96h to 30-500 μg L-1 TCS until 3 dah. Fish at 13 dah were exposed during 48h to 200-1,500 μg L-1 TCS and maintained until complete metamorphosis. Effects on survival, malformations, length, metamorphosis progression and biochemical markers were evaluated. The main ChE active form present in sole early life stages is acetylcholinesterase and baseline levels of oxidative stress and energy metabolism biomarkers changed according to fish developmental stage. Triclosan induced malformations (EC50 = 180 μg L-1 at 3 dah), decreased growth (95 μg L-1 at 3 dah; 548 μg L-1 at 24 dah) and affected metamorphosis progression (391 μg L-1 at 17 dah). Impairment of antioxidant system was observed, with TCS affecting catalase at the end of metamorphosis test, however, no oxidative damage on lipids was detected. Glutathione S-transferase was the most sensitive endpoint during early larval test (LOEC = 30 μg L-1). Exposure to TCS affected S. senegalensis at individual and sub-individual levels, both at early larval stage and during the critical period of metamorphosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Araújo
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - C Quintaneiro
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A M V M Soares
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M S Monteiro
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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da Luz Abreu E, Savall ASP, Boneberg AA, Martins BB, Gervini VC, Sampaio TB, Fajardo AR, Paroul N, Roos DH, Pinton S. (3Z)-5-Chloro-3-(Hydroxyimino)indolin-2-one attenuates hyperglycemia, increased hepatic glycogen content and hepatic damage induced by malathion acute exposure in rats. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2019; 16:61. [PMID: 31516541 PMCID: PMC6727524 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-019-0374-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organophosphorus pesticides (OP's) are heavily constituted in agriculture, gardens, home and veterinary and although it is useful, there are concerns about the environment, safety and health of human and animals. In this study, we investigated the effects of a new oxime, (3Z)-5-Chloro-3-(Hydroxyimino)indolin-2-one (OXIME) against the alterations induced by malathion, an OP insecticide, acute exposure on markers of hepatic damage, glucose homeostasis, oxidative stress in rats cholinesterase (ChE) activity in rats. METHODS Adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Control; Malathion; OXIME; and Malathion+OXIME. Twelve hours after co-treatment with malathion (250 mg/kg, i.p.) and/or OXIME (50 mg/kg, i.g.), the plasma and liver samples were collected for biochemical analyses. RESULTS The OXIME blocked the increase of plasma markers of hepatic function (AST and ALP) and the enzymatic inhibition of catalase and glutathione reductase in the liver of malathion-treated rats. Moreover, the hepatic cholinesterases inhibition induced by malathion acute exposure was suppressed by OXIME treatment. As assessed, a single dose of OXIME lowered the glycemia levels and hepatic glycogen content enhanced by malathion. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests promise effects of (3Z)-5-Chloro-3-(Hydroxyimino) indolin-2-one against the hyperglycemia and the hepatic damage induced by malathion acute exposure, as well as its use as a ChE activity reactivator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edina da Luz Abreu
- Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA) Campus Uruguaiana, Uruguaiana, RS CEP 97500-970 Brazil
| | - Anne Suély Pinto Savall
- Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA) Campus Uruguaiana, Uruguaiana, RS CEP 97500-970 Brazil
| | - Allyson Ardais Boneberg
- Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA) Campus Uruguaiana, Uruguaiana, RS CEP 97500-970 Brazil
| | - Bianca Barreto Martins
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS CEP 96201-900 Brazil
| | | | - Tuane Bazanella Sampaio
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Farroupilha – Campus Santo Ângelo, Santo Ângelo, RS CEP 98806-700 Brazil
| | - André Ricardo Fajardo
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel) - Campus Capão do Leão s/n, Pelotas, RS CEP 96010-900 Brazil
| | - Natália Paroul
- Universidade Regional Integrada (URI), Campus Erechim, Erechim, RS CEP 99709-910 Brazil
| | - Daniel Henrique Roos
- Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA) Campus Uruguaiana, Uruguaiana, RS CEP 97500-970 Brazil
| | - Simone Pinton
- Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA) Campus Uruguaiana, Uruguaiana, RS CEP 97500-970 Brazil
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Mughal EU, Sadiq A, Ashraf J, Zafar MN, Sumrra SH, Tariq R, Mumtaz A, Javid A, Khan BA, Ali A, Javed CO. Flavonols and 4-thioflavonols as potential acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors: Synthesis, structure-activity relationship and molecular docking studies. Bioorg Chem 2019; 91:103124. [PMID: 31319297 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To explore new scaffolds for the treat of Alzheimer's disease appears to be an inspiring goal. In this context, a series of varyingly substituted flavonols and 4-thioflavonols have been designed and synthesized efficiently. All the newly synthesized compounds were characterized unambiguously by common spectroscopic techniques (IR, 1H-, 13C NMR) and mass spectrometry (EI-MS). All the derivatives (1-24) were evaluated in vitro for their inhibitory potential against cholinesterase enzymes. The results exhibited that these derivatives were potent selective inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), except the compound 11 which was selective inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), with varying degree of IC50 values. Remarkably, the compounds 20 and 23 have been found the most potent almost dual inhibitors of AChE and BChE amongst the series with IC50 values even less than the standard drug. The experimental results in silico were further validated by molecular docking studies in order to find their binding modes with the active pockets of AChE and BChE enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amina Sadiq
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. College Women University, Sialkot 51300, Pakistan.
| | - Jamshaid Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Rubina Tariq
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. College Women University, Sialkot 51300, Pakistan
| | - Amara Mumtaz
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus 22060, Pakistan
| | - Asif Javid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Ahmad Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Anser Ali
- Department of Zoology, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur 10250, Pakistan
| | - Chaudhary Omer Javed
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. College Women University, Sialkot 51300, Pakistan
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Arslan T, Çakır N, Keleş T, Biyiklioglu Z, Senturk M. Triazole substituted metal-free, metallo-phthalocyanines and their water soluble derivatives as potential cholinesterases inhibitors: Design, synthesis and in vitro inhibition study. Bioorg Chem 2019; 90:103100. [PMID: 31288136 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, 1,2,3-triazole substituted metal-free and metallo phthalocyanines (4, 5, 6) and their water soluble derivatives (4a, 5a, 6a) were designed, synthesized for the first time and tested in vitro on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes. Most phthalocyanines exhibited good inhibitory activities on these enzymes. Among the six phthalocyanines and starting compounds, 4a showed the most interesting profile as a submicromolar selective inhibitor of AChE (IC50 = 0.040 µM) and 5a showed the most effective inhibitor of BChE (IC50 = 0.1198 µM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayfun Arslan
- Giresun University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, 28200 Giresun, Turkey; Giresun University, Technical Sciences Vocational School, Department of Textile, Giresun University, 28049 Giresun, Turkey.
| | - Nezaket Çakır
- Giresun University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, 28200 Giresun, Turkey
| | - Turgut Keleş
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Zekeriya Biyiklioglu
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Murat Senturk
- Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Basic Sciences of Pharmacy, 04100 Agri, Turkey
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28
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Stojan J. The mechanism and benefit of human butyrylcholinesterase activation by what would otherwise be inhibitors. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 308:350-356. [PMID: 31173753 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Activation of human butyrylcholinesterase by small quaternary ammonium ions is known. Here, additional ligands in this series are presented: edrophonium and choline, and the reactivator pyridine-2-aldoxime methochloride. Kinetic analysis of the progress curves with these compounds indicates the mechanism of enhanced deacylation by the ligand bound to the catalytic anionic site (Trp82) at the base of the active site. The larger, bis-quaternary ligands examined, as propidium, hexamethonium, decamethonium, and bis-thiocholine, show only competitive inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase, by preventing substrate approach. This hypothesis of enhanced deacylation was tested for reactivation of methanesulfonylfluoride-inactivated butyrylcholinesterase, a complex analogous to organophosphate-aged cholinesterases. The combination of substrate/products and pyridine-2-aldoxime methochloride improved butyrylcholinesterase activity over 2 h of continuous measurements, before which time substrate depletion prevailed. Similar reactivation of Torpedo californica acetylcholinesterase was unsuccessful, but both of these cholinesterases regain some activity if they have been inhibited and aged for days by diisopropylfluorophosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jure Stojan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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29
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Almeida F, Nunes B. Effects of acetaminophen in oxidative stress and neurotoxicity biomarkers of the gastropod Phorcus lineatus. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:9823-9831. [PMID: 30737714 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04349-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The growing use of pharmaceutical drugs has become a major environmental issue considering that these substances (or their metabolites) end up inevitably in sewage waters after excretion. In the wild, these chemicals may affect non-target organisms, and their potential toxicity is not sufficiently studied, a reality that is particularly true for marine organisms. Acetaminophen (also known as paracetamol) is known to be toxic in high dosages, namely, by triggering oxidative effects. These effects may be potentiated in marine organisms subjected to contamination resulting from large human settlements along coastal areas. In order to assess how different exposure regimes (acute vs. chronic) may affect aquatic wildlife, individuals of the gastropod species Phorcus lineatus were acutely (96 h) and chronically (28 days) exposed to ecologically relevant concentrations of acetaminophen. The effects were evaluated through the quantification of selected biomarkers-catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and cholinesterase (ChE) activities. The results from acute exposure showed no significant effects in all three biomarkers, but chronically exposed organisms showed significant increases in the activities of CAT and ChEs. The data show that P. lineatus triggered a defensive biological response in the presence of acetaminophen, and also show that realistically low levels of acetaminophen can exert adaptive changes with unknown consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Almeida
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bruno Nunes
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Campus de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Agrelo M, Rivadeneira PR, Cossi PF, Cacciatore LC, Kristoff G. Azinphos-methyl causes in Planorbarius corneus toxic effects on reproduction, offspring survival and B-esterases depending on the exposure time. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 217:114-121. [PMID: 30528701 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This work aimed to study in the freshwater gastropod Planorbarius corneus the effects of acute (2 days) and subchronic (14 days) exposures to an environmental concentration of the organophosphate azinphos-methyl on different reproductive parameters, offspring survival and B-esterase activities in gonads and in the whole organism soft tissue. The acute exposure inhibited only carboxylesterase activity in both tissues while the subchronic exposure also inhibited cholinesterase activity, decreased the number of hatched-eggs and increased offspring lethality (92%). On the other hand, B-esterases in gonads were more effective biomarkers than B-esterases in the whole organism due their inhibition appeared earlier in time (cholinesterase activity) and their activity remained inhibited for a longer time (carboxylesterase activity) when recovery studies were performed. We concluded that B-esterases and reproductive parameters can be used as effect biomarkers of aquatic contamination with azinphos-methyl. Our studies showed that a 14 days exposure to an environmental concentration of azinphos-methyl produced severe signs of toxicity in adult organisms, egg masses and juveniles that could cause negative effects at the population level in contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Agrelo
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática: Invertebrados Nativos (EAIN), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Nuñez, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, SC, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, SC, Brazil
| | - Pamela R Rivadeneira
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática: Invertebrados Nativos (EAIN), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Nuñez, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Costeros, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula F Cossi
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática: Invertebrados Nativos (EAIN), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Nuñez, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luis C Cacciatore
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática: Invertebrados Nativos (EAIN), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Nuñez, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Morón, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gisela Kristoff
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática: Invertebrados Nativos (EAIN), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Nuñez, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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31
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Abbasi MA, Hassan M, Ur-Rehman A, Siddiqui SZ, Hussain G, Shah SAA, Ashraf M, Shahid M, Seo SY. 2-Furoic piperazide derivatives as promising drug candidates of type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's diseases: In vitro and in silico studies. Comput Biol Chem 2018; 77:72-86. [PMID: 30245349 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The heterocyclic compounds have been extensively reported for their bioactivity potential. The current research work reports the synthesis of some new multi-functional derivatives of 2-furoic piperazide (1; 1-(2-furoyl)piperazine). The synthesis was initiated by reacting the starting compound 1 with 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxybenzenesulfonyl chloride (2) in a basic, polar and protic medium to obtain the parent sulfonamide 3 which was then treated with different electrophiles, 4a-g, in a polar and aprotic medium to acquire the designed molecules, 5a-g. These convergent derivatives were evaluated for their inhibitory potential against α-glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes. Acarbose was used as a reference standard for α-glucosidase inhibition while eserine for AChE and BChE inhibition. Some of the synthesized compounds were identified as promising inhibitors of these three enzymes and their bioactivity potentials were also supported by molecular docking study. The most active compounds among the synthetic analogues might be helpful in drug discovery and development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and Alzhiemer's diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Athar Abbasi
- College of Natural Science, Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, 32588, South Korea; Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Mubashir Hassan
- College of Natural Science, Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, 32588, South Korea
| | - Aziz Ur-Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | | | - Ghulam Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Syed Adnan Ali Shah
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Products Discovery (AuRIns), Level 9, FF3, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Sung Yum Seo
- College of Natural Science, Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, 32588, South Korea.
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32
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Sanchez-Hernandez JC, Ríos JM, Attademo AM. Response of digestive enzymes and esterases of ecotoxicological concern in earthworms exposed to chlorpyrifos-treated soils. Ecotoxicology 2018; 27:890-899. [PMID: 29497918 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-018-1914-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Assessment of organophosphorus (OP) pesticide exposure in non-target organisms rarely involves non-neural molecular targets. Here we performed a 30-d microcosm experiment with Lumbricus terrestris to determine whether the activity of digestive enzymes (phosphatase, β-glucosidase, carboxylesterase and lipase) was sensitive to chlorpyrifos (5 mg kg-1 wet soil). Likewise, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activities were measured in the wall muscle and gastrointestinal tissues as indicators of OP exposure. Chlorpyrifos inhibited the acid phosphatase (34% of controls), carboxylesterase (25.6%) and lipase activities (31%) in the gastrointestinal content. However, in the gastrointestinal tissue, only the carboxylesterase and lipase activities were significantly depressed (42-67% carboxylesterase inhibition in the foregut and crop/gizzard, and 15% lipase inhibition in the foregut). Chlorpyrifos inhibited the activity of both cholinesterases in the gastrointestinal tissues, whereas the AChE activity was affected in the wall muscle. These results suggested chlorpyrifos was widely distributed throughout the earthworm body after 30 d of incubation. Interestingly, we found muscle carboxylesterase activity strongly inhibited (92% of control) compared with that detected in the gastrointestinal tissues of the same OP-exposed individuals. This finding was explained by the occurrence of pesticide-resistant esterases in the gastrointestinal tissues, which were evidenced by zymography. Our results suggest that digestive processes of L. terrestris may be altered by chlorpyrifos, as a consequence of the inhibitory action of the insecticide on some digestive enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Sanchez-Hernandez
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Environmental Science and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071, Toledo, Spain.
| | - Juan Manuel Ríos
- Laboratorio de Química Ambiental, Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA)-CONICET, P.O. Box 131, ZC5500, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Andrés M Attademo
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (FBCB-UNL-CONICET), Paraje El Pozo s/n, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
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33
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Esmaeilnejad B, Tavassoli M, Samiei A, Hajipour N, Imani-Baran A, Farhang-Pajuh F. Evaluation of oxidative stress and antioxidant status, serum trace mineral levels and cholinesterases activity in cattle infected with Anaplasma marginale. Microb Pathog 2018; 123:402-409. [PMID: 30063976 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to assess the influence of an Anaplasma marginale infection on oxidative stress and antioxidant status, trace elements and cholinesterase as markers of the inflammatory process and biomarkers of oxidative imbalance. An infected group comprised of 35 crossbred Holstein cattle, about 2-3 years old, naturally infected with Anaplasma marginale, were divided into 4 subgroups according to their parasitemia rates (<1%, 1-10%, 10-20%, >20%) and also 10 healthy cattle as control were selected. Blood samples were taken and hematological parameters, activities of antioxidant enzymes including erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), median corpuscularfragility (MCF) as well as acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and serum concentrations of antioxidant trace minerals (copper, iron, zinc, manganese, and selenium) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) were determined. In addition, as an index of lipid peroxidation, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured. The results revealed a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in RBC count, packed cell volume (PCV) and Hb concentration as well as the activities of erythrocyte GSH-Px, SOD, CAT, G6PD, TAC, MCF and AChE and serum concentrations of Cu, Zn, Mn, Se and BchE in the infected cattle. In contrast, significantly increased (P < 0.05) levels of MDA and erythrocyte osmotic fragility as well as serum concentration of iron were recorded in the infected animals. The significant decrease in antioxidant enzyme activities and substantial elevated levels of lipid peroxidation and erythrocyte osmotic fragility associated with the notable increase in parasitemia indicate increased exposure of RBCs to oxidative damage. Furthermore, decrease of cholinesterase in infection by A. marginale can and directly or indirectly lead to increase acetylcholine levels potent anti-inflammatory molecules, thereby inhibiting inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijan Esmaeilnejad
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Mousa Tavassoli
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Awat Samiei
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Nasser Hajipour
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abbas Imani-Baran
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Farhang-Pajuh
- Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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Mughal EU, Javid A, Sadiq A, Murtaza S, Zafar MN, Khan BA, Sumrra SH, Tahir MN, Kanwal, Khan KM. Synthesis, structure-activity relationship and molecular docking studies of 3-O-flavonol glycosides as cholinesterase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:3696-3706. [PMID: 29886083 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The prime objective of this research work is to prepare readily soluble synthetic analogues of naturally occurring 3-O-flavonol glycosides and then investigate the influence of various substituents on biological properties of synthetic compounds. In this context, a series of varyingly substituted 3-O-flavonol glycosides have been designed, synthesized and characterized efficiently. The structures of synthetic molecules were unambiguously corroborated by IR, 1H, 13C NMR and ESI-MS spectroscopic techniques. The structure of compound 22 was also analyzed by X-ray diffraction analysis. All the synthetic compounds (21-30) were evaluated for in vitro inhibitory potential against cholinesterase enzymes. The results displayed that most of the derivatives were potent inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) with varying degree of IC50 values. The experimental results were further encouraged by molecular docking studies in order to explore their binding behavior with the active pocket of AChE and BChE enzymes. The experimental and theoretical results are in parallel with one another.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asif Javid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
| | - Amina Sadiq
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. College Women University, Sialkot 51300, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Murtaza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
| | | | - Bilal Ahmad Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Kanwal
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Carvalho FB, Gutierres JM, Beckmann D, Santos RP, Thomé GR, Baldissarelli J, Stefanello N, Andrades A, Aiello G, Ripplinger A, Lucio BM, Ineu R, Mazzanti A, Morsch V, Schetinger MR, Andrade CM. Quercetin treatment regulates the Na +,K +-ATPase activity, peripheral cholinergic enzymes, and oxidative stress in a rat model of demyelination. Nutr Res 2018; 55:45-56. [PMID: 29914627 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin is reported to exert a plethora of health benefits through many different mechanisms of action. This versatility and presence in the human diet has attracted the attention of the scientific community, resulting in a huge output of in vitro and in vivo (preclinical) studies. Therefore, we hypothesized that quercetin can protect Na+,K+-ATPase activity in the central nervous system, reestablish the peripheral cholinesterases activities, and reduce oxidative stress during demyelination events in rats. In line with this expectation, our study aims to find out how quercetin acts on the Na+,K+-ATPase activity in the central nervous system, peripheral cholinesterases, and stress oxidative markers in an experimental model of demyelinating disease. Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: vehicle, quercetin, ethidium bromide (EB), and EB plus quercetin groups. The animals were treated once a day with vehicle (ethanol 20%) or quercetin 50 mg/kg for 7 (demyelination phase, by gavage) or 21 days (remyelination phase) after EB (0.1%, 10 μL) injection (intrapontine).The encephalon was removed, and the pons, hypothalamus, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and cerebellum were dissected to verify the Na+,K+-ATPase activity. Our results showed that quercetin protected against reduction in Na+,K+-ATPase in the pons and cerebellum in the demyelination phase, and it increased the activity of this enzyme in the remyelination phase. During the demyelination, quercetin promoted the increase in acetylcholinesterase activity in whole blood and lymphocytes induced by EB, and it reduced the increase in acetylcholinesterase activity in lymphocytes in the remyelination phase. On day 7, EB increased the superoxide dismutase and decreased catalase activities, as well as increased the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance levels. Taken together, these results indicated that quercetin regulates the Na+,K+-ATPase activity, affects the alterations of redox state, and participates in the reestablishment of peripheral cholinergic activity during demyelinating and remyelination events.
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Vorčáková K, Májeková M, Horáková E, Drabina P, Sedlák M, Štěpánková Š. Synthesis and characterization of new inhibitors of cholinesterases based on N-phenylcarbamates: In vitro study of inhibitory effect, type of inhibition, lipophilicity and molecular docking. Bioorg Chem 2018; 78:280-289. [PMID: 29621640 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Based on current treatment of Alzheimer's disease, where the carbamate inhibitor Rivastigmine is used, two series of carbamate derivatives were prepared: (i) N-phenylcarbamates with additional carbamate group (1-12) and (ii) N-phenylcarbamates with monosaccharide moiety (13-24). All compounds were tested for the inhibitory effect on both of the cholinesterases, electric eel acetylcholinesterase (eeAChE) and butyrylcholinesterase from equine serum (eqBChE) and the inhibitory activity (expressed as IC50 values) was compared with that of the established drugs Galanthamine and Rivastigmine. The compounds with two carbamate groups 1-12 revealed higher inhibitory efficiency on both cholinesterases in compared with monosaccharide derived carbamates 13-24 and with Rivastigmine. The significant decrease of inhibitory efficiency on eqBChE (also for eeAChE but in less manner) was observed after deacetalization of monosaccharide. Moreover, the type of inhibitory mechanism of five chosen compounds was studied. It was found, that compounds with two carbamate groups act presumably via a mixed inhibitory mechanism and the compounds with monosaccharide moiety act as non-competitive inhibitors. The lipophilicity of tested compounds was determined using partition coefficient. Specific positions of the inhibitors in the binding sites of cholinesterases were determined using molecular modeling and the results indicate the importance of phenylcarbamate orientation in the catalytic gorges of both enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Vorčáková
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Magdaléna Májeková
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Science, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Eva Horáková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Drabina
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Sedlák
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Šárka Štěpánková
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic.
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37
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Ortiz JE, Garro A, Pigni NB, Agüero MB, Roitman G, Slanis A, Enriz RD, Feresin GE, Bastida J, Tapia A. Cholinesterase-inhibitory effect and in silico analysis of alkaloids from bulbs of Hieronymiella species. Phytomedicine 2018; 39:66-74. [PMID: 29433685 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Argentina, the Amaryllidaceae family (59 species) comprises a wide variety of genera, only a few species have been investigated as a potential source of cholinesterases inhibitors to treat Alzheimer disease (AD). PURPOSE To study the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activities of the basic dichloromethane extracts (E) from Hieronymiella aurea, H. caletensis, H. clidanthoides, H. marginata, and H. speciosa species, as well as the isolated compounds from these plant extracts. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS AChE and BChE inhibitory activities were evaluated with the Ellman's spectrophotometric method. The alkaloids composition from the E was obtained by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The E were successively chromatographed on a silica gel column and permeated on Sephadex LH-20 column to afford the main alkaloids identified by means of spectroscopic data. Additionally, an in silico study was carried out. RESULTS Nine known alkaloids were isolated from the E of five Hieronymiella species. Galanthamine was identified in all the species by GC-MS standing out H. caletensis with a relative abundance of 9.79% of the total ion current. Strong AChE (IC50 = 1.84 - 15.40 µg/ml) and moderate BChE (IC50 = 23.74 - 136.40 µg/ml) inhibitory activities were displayed by the extracts. Among the isolated alkaloids, only sanguinine and chlidanthine (galanthamine-type alkaloids) demonstrated inhibitory activity toward both enzymes. The QTAIM study suggests that sanguinine has the strongest affinity towards AChE, attributed to an additional interaction with Ser200 as well as stronger molecular interactions Glu199 and His440.These results allowed us to differentiate the molecular behavior in the active site among alkaloids possessing different in vitro inhibitory activities. CONCLUSION Hieronymiella species growing in Argentina represent a rich and widespread source of galanthamine and others AChE and BChE inhibitors alkaloids. Additionally, the new trend towards the use of natural extracts as pharmaceuticals rather than pure drugs opens a pathway for the development of a phytomedicine derived from extracts of Hieronymiella spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier E Ortiz
- Instituto de Biotecnología-Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, CONICET, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Libertador General San Martín 1109 (O), San Juan CP 5400, Argentina
| | - Adriana Garro
- Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco 915, San Luis 5700, Argentina
| | - Natalia B Pigni
- ICYTAC-CONICET, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5000, Argentina; Departament de Productes Naturals, Biologia Vegetal i Edafologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII s/n, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - María Belén Agüero
- Instituto de Biotecnología-Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, CONICET, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Libertador General San Martín 1109 (O), San Juan CP 5400, Argentina
| | - German Roitman
- Cátedra de Jardinería, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, Buenos Aires 1417, Argentina
| | - Alberto Slanis
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Fundación Miguel Lillo 251, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Ricardo D Enriz
- Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco 915, San Luis 5700, Argentina
| | - Gabriela E Feresin
- Instituto de Biotecnología-Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, CONICET, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Libertador General San Martín 1109 (O), San Juan CP 5400, Argentina
| | - Jaume Bastida
- Departament de Productes Naturals, Biologia Vegetal i Edafologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII s/n, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Alejandro Tapia
- Instituto de Biotecnología-Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, CONICET, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Libertador General San Martín 1109 (O), San Juan CP 5400, Argentina.
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Rivas-Hernández G, May-Uc Y, Noreña-Barroso E, Cobos-Gasca V, Rodríguez-Fuentes G. Plasma Cholinesterase Activity in Female Green Turtles Chelonia mydas Nesting in Laguna de Terminos, Mexico Related to Organochlorine Pesticides in Their Eggs. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2018; 100:101-105. [PMID: 29243208 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-017-2250-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The inhibition of cholinesterase (ChE) activity has been used as a biomarker of exposure to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides. ChE of nesting female green turtles (Chelonia mydas) were biochemically characterized using two substrates, acetylthiocholine iodide and butyrylthiocholine iodide, and three ChE inhibitors (eserine sulfate, BW284C51 and iso-OMPA). The results indicated that BChE is the predominant plasma ChE in female C. mydas, but with atypical properties that differ from those found in human BChE. Eggs from green turtles nesting at two sites in Laguna de Terminos contained µg g-1 (wet weight) quantities of organochlorine (OC) pesticides. Drins (aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, endrin ketone, endrin aldehyde) were found at the highest concentrations with no significant differences in the concentrations in eggs collected at the two sampling sites. A negative relationship was found between levels of OC pesticides in eggs and BChE activity in the plasma of female turtles laying the eggs. Since OC pesticides are not cholinesterase inhibitors, we hypothesized that this inverse relationship may be related to an antagonistic effect between OCs and organophosphate pesticides and mobilization of OCs from the fatty tissues of the female turtles into their eggs. However, further study is required to verify the hypothesis. It is also possible that other contaminants, such as petroleum hydrocarbons are responsible for the modulation of cholinesterase activity in female turtles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Rivas-Hernández
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
- Universidad Autónoma del Carmen, Cd. del Carmen, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Yaneli May-Uc
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Elsa Noreña-Barroso
- Unidad de Química en Sisal, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto de Abrigo s/n Sisal, 97356, Hunucma, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Víctor Cobos-Gasca
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Rodríguez-Fuentes
- Unidad de Química en Sisal, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto de Abrigo s/n Sisal, 97356, Hunucma, Yucatán, Mexico.
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Uysal S, Ugurlu A, Zengin G, Baloglu MC, Altunoglu YC, Mollica A, Custodio L, Neng NR, Nogueira JMF, Mahomoodally MF. Novel in vitro and in silico insights of the multi-biological activities and chemical composition of Bidens tripartita L. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 111:525-536. [PMID: 29217268 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Bidens tripartita L. is a traditional phyto-remedy used in several countries, yet there is still a paucity of data on its biological potential. We aimed to provide new insights on the pharmacological potential of extracts prepared from B. tripartita via highlighting its antioxidant, key enzymes inhibitory potency, and DNA protecting effects. Phytochemical profile was established using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode-Array Detection (HPLC-DAD) and bioactive compound(s) docked against target enzymes using in silico methods. Cytotoxicity against three cancer cell lines was assessed using the methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell viability test. The main compounds were luteolin-7-glucoside (cynaroside), chlorogenic acid, and epicatechin in the extracts. The methanol extract exhibited the highest radical scavenging activity. Ethyl acetate extract showed strongest α-amylase inhibitory activity, while the best α-glucosidase inhibitory effect recorded for the methanol extract. Molecular docking showed that cynaroside strongly interact to α-glucosidase cavity by establishing six hydrogen bonds. B. tripartita extracts were found to protect supercoiled form of pUC19 plasmid (>70%) and also showed anti-proliferative properties. Results amassed in the present study add on to a growing body of literature on the multi-pharmacological potency of B. tripartita which can be applied to bio-products development geared towards management of common diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sengul Uysal
- Selcuk University, Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Campus, 42250, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Asli Ugurlu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey.
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Selcuk University, Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Campus, 42250, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Cengiz Baloglu
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Celik Altunoglu
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Adriano Mollica
- Department of Pharmacy University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luisa Custodio
- Centre of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Campus of Gambelas, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Nuno R Neng
- Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, Centre of Chemistry and Biochemistry/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Building C8, Floor 5, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José M F Nogueira
- Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, Centre of Chemistry and Biochemistry/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Building C8, Floor 5, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
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Mohammadi H, Jalilian J, Karimi MY, Shetab-Boushehri SV. In Vitro Cysteine Reactivates Organophosphate Insecticide Dichlorvos-Inhibited Human Cholinesterases. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2017; 17:e293-e300. [PMID: 29062551 DOI: 10.18295/squmj.2017.17.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Organophosphate (OP) pesticides inhibit both red blood cell (RBC) and plasma cholinesterases (ChEs). Oximes, especially pralidoxime (2-PAM), are widely used as antidotes to treat OP poisoning. In addition, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is sometimes used as an adjuvant antidote. The current study aimed to assess the feasibility of using NAC as a single therapeutic agent for OP poisoning in comparison to in vitro 2-PAM. METHODS This study was carried out at the Razi Drug Research Center of Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, between April and September 2014. A total of 22 healthy human subjects were recruited and 8 mL citrated blood samples were drawn from each subject. Dichlorvos-inhibited blood samples were separately exposed to low and high doses (final concentrations of 300 and 600 μmol.L-1, respectively) of 2-PAM, NAC and cysteine. Plasma and RBCs were then separated by centrifugation and their ChE activity was measured using spectrophotometry. RESULTS Although cysteine-and not NAC-increased the ChE activity of both plasma and RBCs over those of dichlorvos, it did not increase them over those of a high dose of 2-PAM. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the direct reactions of 2-PAM and cysteine with dichlorvos and the reactivation of phosphorylated ChEs occurr via an associative stepwise addition-elimination process. High therapeutic blood concentrations of cysteine are needed for the elevation of ChE activity in plasma and RBCs; however, both this agent and NAC may still be effective in the reactivation of plasma and RBC ChEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Mohammadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Jafar Jalilian
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Y Karimi
- Razi Drug Research Center, School of Pharmacy, International Campus, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed V Shetab-Boushehri
- Razi Drug Research Center, School of Pharmacy, International Campus, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, International Campus, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Abdel-Salam OME, Youness ER, Mohammed NA, Yassen NN, Khadrawy YA, El-Toukhy SE, Sleem AA. Nitric oxide synthase inhibitors protect against brain and liver damage caused by acute malathion intoxication. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2017; 10:773-786. [PMID: 28942826 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME), a non-selective nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, and 7-nitroindazole (7-NI), a selective neuronal NOS inhibitor, on oxidative stress and tissue damage in brain and liver and on DNA damage of peripheral blood lymphocytes in malathion intoxicated rats. METHODS Malathion (150 mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally (i.p.) along with l-NAME or 7-NI (10 or 20 mg/kg, i.p.) and rats were euthanized 4 h later. The lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (nitrite), reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity were measured in both brain and liver. Moreover, the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glucose concentrations were determined in brain. Liver enzyme determination, Comet assay, histopathological examination of brain and liver sections and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) immunohistochemistry were also performed. RESULTS (i) Rats treated with only malathion exhibited increased nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) accompanied with a decrease in GSH content, and PON-1 activity in brain and liver. Glutathione peroxidase activity, TAC, glucose concentrations, AChE and BChE activities were decreased in brain. There were also raised liver aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities and increased DNA damage of peripheral blood lymphocytes (Comet assay). Malathion caused marked histopathological changes and increased the expression of iNOS in brain and liver tissues. (ii) In brain of malathion-intoxicated rats, l-NAME or 7-NI resulted in decreased nitrite and MDA contents while increasing TAC and PON1 activity. Reduced GSH and GPx activity showed an increase by l-NAME. AChE activity increased by 20 mg/kg l-NAME and 10 mg/kg 7-NI. AChE activity decreased by the higher dose of 7-NI while either dose of 7-NI resulted in decreased BChE activity. (iii) In liver of malathion-intoxicated rats, decreased MDA content was observed after l-NAME or 7-NI. Nitrite level was unchanged by l-NAME but increased after 7-NI which also resulted in decreased GSH concentration and PON1 activity. Either inhibitor resulted in decreased liver ALT activity. (iv) DNA damage of peripheral blood lymphocytes was markedly inhibited by l-NAME or 7-NI treatment. (v) iNOS expression in brain and liver decreased by l-NAME or 7-NI. (vi) More marked improvement of the histopathological alterations induced by malathion in brain and liver was observed after 7-NI compared with l-NAME. CONCLUSIONS In malathion intoxicated rats, the neuronal NOS inhibitor 7-NI and to much less extent l-NAME were able to protect the brain and liver tissue integrity along with improvement in oxidative stress parameters. The decrease in DNA damage of peripheral blood lymphocytes by NOS inhibitors also suggests the involvement of nitric oxide in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eman R Youness
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nadia A Mohammed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha N Yassen
- Department of Pathology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Amany A Sleem
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Soares MSP, Zanusso Costa M, da Silva TM, Gazal M, Couto CATD, Nogueira Debom G, Rodrigues R, Hofstätter Azambuja J, André Casali E, Moritz CEJ, Frescura Duarte M, Braganhol E, Moro Stefanello F, Maria Spanevello R. Methionine and/or Methionine Sulfoxide Alter Ectoenzymes Activities in Lymphocytes and Inflammatory Parameters in Serum from Young Rats: Acute and Chronic Effects. Cell Biochem Biophys 2017; 76:243-253. [PMID: 28726179 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-017-0815-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study we investigated the effect of acute and chronic treatment with Met and/or methionine sulfoxide (MetO) on ectonucleotidases and cholinesterases activities from lymphocytes and purine derivatives compounds, C-protein reactive, interleukin-10, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels in serum of young rats. Adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis was decreased in lymphocytes 1 h after treatment by MetO and Met + MetO. However, adenosine triphosphate and adenosine diphosphate hydrolysis in lymphocytes was increased in the groups MetO and Met + MetO and adenosine deaminase activity was increased in MetO 3 h after the treatment. Acetylcholinesterase activity was increased in lymphocytes after 3 h and 21 days of treatment by MetO and Met + MetO, while serum butyrycholinesterase activity was decreased after 1 h and 21 days of treatment in the same groups. In chronic treatment, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α level were increased, while that interleukin-10 level was decreased by Met, MetO, and Met + MetO when compared to control group. C-protein reactive level was increased by MetO and Met + MetO. Adenosine triphosphate and adenosine monophosphate levels were reduced in all amino acids treated groups, while adenosine diphosphate and hypoxanthine were enhanced by MetO and Met + MetO. Adenosine and xanthine were reduced in the MetO group, whereas inosine levels were decreased in the MetO and Met + MetO groups. These findings help to understand the inflammatory alterations observed in hypermethioninemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara Sandrielly Pereira Soares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção-Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Zanusso Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção-Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Morgana da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção-Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Marta Gazal
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção-Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlus Augustu Tavares do Couto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção-Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Nogueira Debom
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção-Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção-Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Hofstätter Azambuja
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Emerson André Casali
- Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cesar Eduardo Jacintho Moritz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Movimento Humano, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marta Frescura Duarte
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.,Laboratório de Análises Clínicas Labimed, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Elizandra Braganhol
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Francieli Moro Stefanello
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção-Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Roselia Maria Spanevello
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção-Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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Castro RRT, Porphirio G, Xavier SS, Moraes RS, Ferlin EL, Ribeiro JP, da Nóbrega ACL. Cholinesterase inhibition reduces arrhythmias in asymptomatic Chagas disease. Cardiovasc Ther 2017; 35. [PMID: 28715142 DOI: 10.1111/1755-5922.12288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parasympathetic dysfunction may play a role in the genesis of arrhythmias in Chagas disease. AIM This study evaluates the acute effects of pyridostigmine (PYR), a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor, on the occurrence of arrhythmias in patients with Chagas cardiac disease. METHOD Following a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over protocol, 17 patients (age 50±2 years) with Chagas cardiac disease type B underwent 24-hour Holter recordings after oral administration of either pyridostigmine bromide (45 mg, 3 times/day) or placebo (PLA). RESULTS Pyridostigmine reduced the 24-hours incidence (median [25%-75%]) of premature ventricular beats-PLA: 2998 (1920-4870), PYR: 2359 (940-3253), P=.044; ventricular couplets-PLA: 84 (15-159), PYR: 33 (6-94), P=.046. Although the total number of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia in the entire group was not different (P=.19) between PLA (1 [0-8]) and PYR (0 [0-4]), there were fewer episodes under PYR in 72% of the patients presenting this type of arrhythmia (P=.033). CONCLUSION Acute administration of pyridostigmine reduced the incidence of nonsustained ventricular arrhythmias in patients with Chagas cardiac disease. Further studies that address the use of pyridostigmine by patients with Chagas cardiac disease under a more prolonged follow-up are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata R T Castro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Post-Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Graciema Porphirio
- Division of Cardiology, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sergio S Xavier
- Division of Cardiology, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ruy S Moraes
- Division of Cardiology, Rio Grande do Sul Federal University, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Elton L Ferlin
- Division of Cardiology, Rio Grande do Sul Federal University, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jorge P Ribeiro
- Division of Cardiology, Rio Grande do Sul Federal University, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Antonio C L da Nóbrega
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Post-Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
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Krátký M, Štěpánková Š, Vorčáková K, Navrátilová L, Trejtnar F, Stolaříková J, Vinšová J. Synthesis of readily available fluorophenylalanine derivatives and investigation of their biological activity. Bioorg Chem 2017; 71:244-256. [PMID: 28245905 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A series of thirty novel N-acetylated fluorophenylalanine-based aromatic amides and esters was synthesized using N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide or phosphorus trichloride in pyridine. They were characterized by spectral methods and screened against various microbes (Mycobacterium tuberculosis, non-tuberculous mycobacteria, other bacteria, fungi), for their inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and cytotoxicity. All amino acids derivatives revealed a moderate inhibition of both cholinesterases with IC50 values for AChE and BChE of 57.88-130.75µM and 8.25-289.0µM, respectively. Some derivatives were comparable or superior to rivastigmine, an established drug. Phenyl 2-acetamido-3-(4-fluorophenyl)propanoate was identified as the selective and most potent inhibitor of BChE. The esterification and amidation of parent acids led to an improved BChE inhibition. The esters are better inhibitors of BChE than the amides. The introduction of NO2 and CH3 groups into aniline ring and CF3 moiety in phenol is translated into lower IC50 values. Seven compounds showed selectivity index higher than 10 for at least one cholinesterase. Especially the esters exhibited a mild activity against Gram-positive bacteria, mycobacteria and several fungal strains with minimum inhibitory concentrations starting from 125µM. The highest susceptibility was recorded for Trichophyton mentagrophytes fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Krátký
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Šárka Štěpánková
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Katarína Vorčáková
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Navrátilová
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - František Trejtnar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jiřina Stolaříková
- Laboratory for Mycobacterial Diagnostics and Tuberculosis, Regional Institute of Public Health in Ostrava, Partyzánské námĕstí 7, 702 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jarmila Vinšová
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Saliu JA, Oboh G, Omojokun OS, Rocha JBT, Schetinger MR, Guterries J, Stefanello N, Carvalho F, Schmatz R, Morsch VM, Boligon A. Effect of dietary supplementation of Padauk (Pterocarpus soyauxii) leaf on high fat diet/streptozotocin induced diabetes in rats' brain and platelets. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:1194-201. [PMID: 27788477 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the effects of Padauk leaf on brain malondialdehyde (MDA) content, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities, ectonucleotidases and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activities in the platelet of high fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. METHODS The animals were divided into six groups (n=7): normal control rats; diabetic rats+high fat diet (HFD); diabetic rats+HFD+Metformin; diabetic rats+HFD+acarbose; diabetic rats+HFD+10% Padauk leaf; normal rats+basal diet+10% Padauk leaf. After 30days of experiment comprising of acclimatization, dietary manipulation, pre-treatment with STZ and supplementation with Padauk leaf, the animals were sacrificed and the rats' brain and blood were collected for subsequent analysis. RESULTS The results demonstrated that the elevated MDA content and AChE activity in the diabetic rats were significantly reduced when compared with the control rats. Furthermore, the increased NTPDases, 5'-nucleotidase and ADA activities in the diabetic rats were significantly reduced when compared with the control rats. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that Padauk leaf exhibited modulatory effects on purinergic and cholinergic enzymes involved in the prevention of platelet abnormality and consequent vascular complications in diabetic state.
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Abdel-Salam OME, Youness ER, Khadrawy YA, Sleem AA. Acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and paraoxonase 1 activities in rats treated with cannabis, tramadol or both. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2016; 9:1089-1094. [PMID: 27890370 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of Cannabis sativa resin and/or tramadol, two commonly drugs of abuse on acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities as a possible cholinergic biomarkers of neurotoxicity induced by these agents. METHODS Rats were treated with cannabis resin (5, 10 or 20 mg/kg) (equivalent to the active constituent Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol), tramadol (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) or tramadol (10 mg/kg) combined with cannabis resin (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) subcutaneously daily for 6 weeks. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activities were measured in brain and serum. We also measured the activity of paraoxonase-1 (PON1) in serum of rats treated with these agents. RESULTS (i) AChE activity in brain increased after 10-20 mg/kg cannabis resin (by 16.3-36.5%). AChE activity in brain did not change after treatment with 5-20 mg/kg tramadol. The administration of both cannabis resin (5, 10 or 20 mg/kg) and tramadol (10 mg/kg) resulted in decreased brain AChE activity by 14.1%, 12.9% and 13.6%, respectively; (ii) BChE activity in serum was markedly and dose-dependently inhibited by cannabis resin (by 60.9-76.9%). BChE activity also decreased by 17.6-36.5% by 10-20 mg/kg tramadol and by 57.2-63.9% by the cannabis resin/tramadol combined treatment; (iii) Cannabis resin at doses of 20 mg/kg increased serum PON1 activity by 25.7%. In contrast, tramadol given at 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in serum PON1 activity by 19%, 36.7%, and 46.1%, respectively. Meanwhile, treatment with cannabis resin plus tramadol resulted in 40.2%, 35.8%, 30.7% inhibition of PON1 activity compared to the saline group. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that cannabis resin exerts different effects on AChE and BChE activities which could contribute to the memory problems and the decline in cognitive function in chronic users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eman R Youness
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Amany A Sleem
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Jollymore-Hughes CT, Pottie IR, Martin E, Rosenberry TL, Darvesh S. Development of acetophenone ligands as potential neuroimaging agents for cholinesterases. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:5270-5279. [PMID: 27637382 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Association of cholinesterase with β-amyloid plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease offers an opportunity to detect disease pathology during life. Achieving this requires development of radiolabelled cholinesterase ligands with high enzyme affinity. Various fluorinated acetophenone derivatives bind to acetylcholinesterase with high affinity, including 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(3-dimethylaminophenyl)ethanone (1) and 1-(3-tert-butylphenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethanone (2). Such compounds also offer potential for incorporation of radioactive fluorine (18F) for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging of cholinesterases in association with Alzheimer's disease pathology in the living brain. Here we describe the synthesis of two meta-substituted chlorodifluoroacetophenones using a Weinreb amide strategy and their rapid conversion to the corresponding trifluoro derivatives through nucleophilic substitution by fluoride ion, in a reaction amenable to incorporating 18F for PET imaging. In vitro kinetic analysis indicates tight binding of the trifluoro derivatives to cholinesterases. Compound 1 has a Ki value of 7nM for acetylcholinesterase and 1300nM for butyrylcholinesterase while for compound 2 these values are 0.4nM and 26nM, respectively. Tight binding of these compounds to cholinesterase encourages their development for PET imaging detection of cholinesterase associated with Alzheimer's disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian R Pottie
- Department of Chemistry, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Earl Martin
- Department of Chemistry, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Sultan Darvesh
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Medicine (Neurology and Geriatric Medicine), Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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Freitas EC, Printes LB, Rocha O. Use of cholinesterase activity as an ecotoxicological marker to assess anatoxin-a(s) exposure: Responses of two cladoceran species belonging to contrasting geographical regions. Harmful Algae 2016; 55:150-162. [PMID: 28073528 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The specificity of cholinesterase (ChE) activity to detect the presence of anatoxin-a(s) and sublethal effects of a 7-day exposure to Anabaena spiroides extract containing anatoxin-a(s) were assessed in two freshwater cladoceran species. Activities of ChE of both Pseudosida ramosa and Daphnia magna can be used to indicate the presence of the neurotoxin anatoxin-a(s), but not for the hepatotoxic microcystin. Activity of ChE of P. ramosa, however, performed better as a biomarker of exposure to A. spiroides than that of D. magna. Furthermore, sublethal exposure to A. spiroides extract significantly inhibited the ChE activity in P. ramosa and negatively affected both individual and population endpoints. For D. magna, the inhibition of ChE activity was not related to effects at higher levels of biological organization, since no direct effect was recorded on the individual and population endpoints. The activity of ChE in P. ramosa also proved to be a good predictor of chronic effects of the A. spiroides extract at higher levels of biological organization, since 48-h ChE inhibition was linked to the sublethal effects on the individual and population. These relationships could not be established for D. magna. Since relationships between the effects of A. spiroides extract at different levels of biological organization were species-specific, it can be concluded that the choice of test organism interferes with the accuracy of the environment risk assessment of this neurotoxin and, hence, the use of native species is recommended for its assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Cristina Freitas
- Post-Graduate Program of Ecology and Natural Resources, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, km 235, CEP 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Liane Biehl Printes
- Special Bureau for the Environment, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, km 235, CEP 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Odete Rocha
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, km 235, CEP 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Lozano-Paniagua D, Gómez-Martín A, Gil F, Parrón T, Alarcón R, Requena M, Lacasaña M, Hernández AF. Activity and determinants of cholinesterases and paraoxonase-1 in blood of workers exposed to non-cholinesterase inhibiting pesticides. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 259:160-167. [PMID: 27062891 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pesticide exposure has been associated with different adverse health effects which may be modulated to some extent by paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity and genetic polymorphisms. This study assessed seasonal variations in PON1 activity (using paraoxon -POase-, phenylacetate -AREase-, diazoxon -DZOase- and dihydrocoumarin -DHCase- as substrates), erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and plasma cholinesterase (using butyrylthiocholine -BuChE- and benzoylcholine -BeChE- as substrates. The study population consisted of intensive agriculture workers regularly exposed to pesticides other than organophosphates and non-exposed controls from Almería (Southeastern Spain). The effect of common genetic polymorphisms of PON1 and BCHE on paraoxonase-1 and cholinesterase activities toward different substrates was also assessed. Linear mixed models were used to compare esterase activities in agricultural workers and control subjects over the two study periods (high and low exposure to pesticides). The significant decrease in AChE and increase in BuChE and BeChE activities observed in workers with respect to control subjects was attributed to pesticide exposure. Workers also had higher levels of AREase, DZOase and, to a lesser extent, of POase, but showed decreased DHCase activity. While PON1 Q192R and PON1 -108C/T gene polymorphisms were significantly associated with all PON1 activities, PON1 L55M showed a significant association with AREase, DZOase and DHCase. BCHE-K (Karlow variant) was significantly associated with lower BeChE activity (but not with BuChE) and BCHE-A (atypical variant) showed no significant association with any cholinesterase activity. These findings suggest that increased PON1, BuChE and BeChE activities in exposed workers might result from an adaptive response against pesticide exposure to compensate for adverse effects at the biochemical level. This response appears to be modulated by PON1 and BCHE gene polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lozano-Paniagua
- Dept. Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, Spain
| | - Antonio Gómez-Martín
- Pfizer-University of Granada-Junta de Andalucía Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Spain
| | - Fernando Gil
- Dept. Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, Spain
| | | | | | - Mar Requena
- University of Almería School of Health Sciences, Spain
| | - Marina Lacasaña
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Spain; CIBERESP, Spain; ibs.GRANADA, Spain
| | - Antonio F Hernández
- Dept. Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, Spain.
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Akintunde JK, Oboh G. Subchronic exposure to leachate activates key markers linked with neurological disorder in Wistar male rat. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2015; 22:18541-18553. [PMID: 26362636 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5327-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The linking of various environmental chemicals exposure to neurodegenerative disorders is current. This study was undertaken to elucidate the toxic effects and the underlying biochemical mechanism of leachate obtained from Elewi Odo municipal battery recycling site (EOMABRL) using key markers of neuronal damage in rat via an oral route. Analysis of the concentrations of heavy metals showed that lead, cadmium, nickel, chromium, manganese, and iron were higher than the acceptable limits set by the regulatory authority-the World Health Organization. Whereas, copper, zinc, and cobalt were lower than permissible limits. EOMABRL was administered at 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% concentrations to adult male rats for 60 days. An in vitro study was also carried out in the cerebellum to assess cholinesterase biochemistry assays. Following exposure, brain was collected to determine the antioxidant status. EOMABRL administration significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, and a sequential decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) level with a concomitant increase in the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) level was observed, when compared with the control. The treated rat had a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the activities of acetycholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). Taken together, these findings conclude that some possible mechanisms by which EOMABRL elicits neuronal disorder in male rat could be through the activation of AChE and BuChE and induction of oxidative stress with necrosis of neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Akintunde
- Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals and Phytomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, 340001, Nigeria.
- Drug Metabolism and Molecular Environmental Toxicology Research Laboratory, Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, College of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kwara State University, Malete, P.M.B. 1530, Ilorin, Nigeria.
| | - G Oboh
- Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals and Phytomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, 340001, Nigeria.
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