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Kapidou E, Litinas KE. An Overview of the Synthesis of 3,4-Fused Pyrrolocoumarins of Biological Interest. Molecules 2024; 29:2748. [PMID: 38930816 PMCID: PMC11206682 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
3,4-Fused pyrrolocoumarins, synthetically prepared or naturally occurring, possess interesting biological properties. In this review, the synthetic strategies for the synthesis of the title compounds are presented along with their biological activities. Two routes are followed for that synthesis. In one, the pyrrole ring is formed from coumarin derivatives, such as aminocoumarins or other coumarins. In the other approach, the pyranone moiety is built from an existing pyrrole derivative or through the simultaneous formation of coumarin and pyrrole frameworks. The above syntheses are achieved via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions, Michael reaction, aza-Claisen rearrangement reactions, multi-component reactions (MCR), as well as metal-catalyzed reactions. Pyrrolocoumarins present cytotoxic, antifungal, antibacterial, α-glucosidase inhibition, antioxidant, lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibition, and fluorescent activities, as well as benzodiazepine receptor ability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Konstantinos E. Litinas
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
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Tiwari G, Khanna A, Mishra VK, Sagar R. Recent developments on microwave-assisted organic synthesis of nitrogen- and oxygen-containing preferred heterocyclic scaffolds. RSC Adv 2023; 13:32858-32892. [PMID: 37942237 PMCID: PMC10628940 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05986c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the utilization of microwave energy has experienced an extraordinary surge, leading to the introduction of innovative and revolutionary applications across various fields of chemistry such as medicinal chemistry, materials science, organic synthesis and heterocyclic chemistry. Herein, we provide a comprehensive literature review on the microwave-assisted organic synthesis of selected heterocycles. We highlight the use of microwave irradiation as an effective method for constructing a diverse range of molecules with high yield and selectivity. We also emphasize the impact of microwave irradiation on the efficient synthesis of N- and O-containing heterocycles that possess bioactive properties, such as anti-cancer, anti-proliferative, and anti-tumor activities. Specific attention is given to the efficient synthesis of pyrazolopyrimidines-, coumarin-, quinoline-, and isatin-based scaffolds, which have been extensively studied for their potential in drug discovery. The article provides valuable insights into the recent synthetic protocols and trends for the development of new drugs using heterocyclic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghanshyam Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Ashish Khanna
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Vinay Kumar Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Ram Sagar
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
- Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi 110067 India
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The synthesis, biological evaluation, and fluorescence study of 3-aminocoumarin and their derivatives: a brief review. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-022-03010-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Chen Z, Zeng P, Zhang S, Sun J. Recent Advances in Organic Synthesis of 3-Amino- or 4-Aminocoumarins. MINI-REV ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570193x18666211001124004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
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Coumarin is a privileged scaffold that contains the unique 2H-chromen-2-one motif, and its
derivatives are widely distributed in nature, especially in plants. In recent years, due to their diverse
pharmacological activities and remarkable photochemical properties, they have attracted significant
attention from scientists, which has also prompted the research on the synthesis approaches and the
availability of substrates for these compounds. This article is a brief description of the methods for the
synthesis of various coumarin derivatives via two- or multi-component reactions involving 3-amino
or 4-aminocoumarin reported during 2015-2021. This review may help expand the development of
various analogues with coumarin as the basic unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, and Institute of Drug Synthesis, Zhejiang University
of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Piaopiao Zeng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, and Institute of Drug Synthesis, Zhejiang University
of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, and Institute of Drug Synthesis, Zhejiang University
of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Jie Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, and Institute of Drug Synthesis, Zhejiang University
of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
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5
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Borah B, Dwivedi KD, Kumar B, Chowhan LR. Recent advances in the microwave- and ultrasound-assisted green synthesis of coumarin-heterocycles. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Pratap Reddy Gajulapalli V, Kumarswamyreddy N, Lokesh K, Kesavan V. Enantioselective Synthesis of 3‐Acetyl Coumarin Substituted 3‐Hydroxy Oxindoles and Pyranocoumarin Fused Spirooxindoles. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Pratap Reddy Gajulapalli
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology Bhupat and Jyothi Mehta School of Biosciences Building Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 India
| | - Nandarapu Kumarswamyreddy
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology Bhupat and Jyothi Mehta School of Biosciences Building Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 India
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati Tirupati 517506 Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Kanduru Lokesh
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology Bhupat and Jyothi Mehta School of Biosciences Building Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 India
| | - Venkitasamy Kesavan
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology Bhupat and Jyothi Mehta School of Biosciences Building Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 India
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Lodhi R, Prakash M, Samanta S. Diastereoselective desymmetrization reactions of prochiral para-quinamines with cyclopropenes generated in situ: access to fused hydroindol-5-one scaffolds. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:7129-7133. [PMID: 34369544 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01322j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Interesting desymmetric [3 + 2] annulation reactions between p-quinamines as prochiral N-donors and 2-aroyl-1-chlorocyclopropanecarboxylates facilitated by a base are reported. This successive double Michael reaction delivered a unique class of cyclopropane-fused hydoindol-5-one frameworks, each having four contiguous stereogenic centers, with three of them being fully substituted. Moreover, this method was found to provide acceptable chemical yields with promising diastereoselectivities (dr of up to ≤95 : 5) and to work with a variety of substrates. Importantly, a polycyclic tacrine analogue used to treat Alzheimer's disease was synthesized using our developed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajni Lodhi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, 453552, India.
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Samanta K, Patra P, Kar GK, Dinda SK, Mahanty DS. Diverse synthesis of pyrrolo/indolo[3,2- c]coumarins as isolamellarin-A scaffolds: a brief update. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj06267g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This review presents a different synthetic approach of pyrrolo/indolo[3,2-c]coumarins via classical reactions including metal-catalyzed and green reaction protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khokan Samanta
- Department of Chemistry
- Haldia Government College
- Purba Medinipur
- India
| | - Prasanta Patra
- Department of Chemistry
- Jhargram Raj College
- Jhargram 721507
- India
| | | | - Shaishab Kumar Dinda
- Department of Chemistry
- Government General Degree College Datan II
- Paschim Medinipur
- India
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Panday AK, Ali D, Choudhury LH. One-pot synthesis of pyrimidine linked naphthoquinone-fused pyrroles by iodine-mediated multicomponent reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:4997-5007. [PMID: 32572404 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00591f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report iodine-mediated multicomponent reactions for the synthesis of naphthoquinone-fused pyrroles tethered with a pyrimidine moiety. The reaction of aryl methyl ketones (3) or terminal aryl alkynes (5) in the presence of molecular iodine in DMSO medium followed by sequential addition of barbituric acids (2) and 2-amino-1,4-naphthoquinone (1) provides the corresponding three-component hybrid molecules 4 having naphthoquinone-fused pyrroles tethered with a barbituric acid moiety. This three-component reaction proceeds via metal-free C-H oxidation followed by multi-component cyclization forming three new bonds (2 C-C, 1 C-N) in one pot. Alternatively, the same molecules can also be prepared from the reaction of arylglyoxals, 2-aminonaphthoquinone, and barbituric acids in the presence of a catalytic amount of iodine in methanol medium under reflux conditions. The salient features of these methodologies are: one-pot metal-free method, good yields, wide substrate scope, easy purification of products, and the presence of medicinally important naphthoquinone, pyrrole and pyrimidine moieties in the products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Kumar Panday
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta 801106, Bihar, India.
| | - Danish Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta 801106, Bihar, India.
| | - Lokman H Choudhury
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta 801106, Bihar, India.
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Soni JP, Chemitikanti KS, Joshi SV, Shankaraiah N. The microwave-assisted syntheses and applications of non-fused single-nitrogen-containing heterocycles. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:9737-9761. [PMID: 33211792 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01779e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Microwave technology has emerged as a great tool for the efficient synthesis of organic compounds and it provides opportunities for chemists to achieve chemical transformations that tend to be challenging using classical approaches. Additionally, N-heterocycles are well-known for their medicinal/biological significance, along with their applications as excellent building blocks in chemical synthesis. The dominance of N-heterocycles in drug molecules and other pharmacological agents makes them attractive scaffolds, which encourages chemists to develop a wide range of strategies towards the greener synthesis and functionalization of these heterocycles. In this regard, we have collated and discussed literature relating to the microwave-assisted synthesis and the modification of non-(benzo)fused single-nitrogen-containing N-heterocycles from the past decade. The role of the microwave technique and its benefits over the conventional approach have also been emphasized in terms of overall reaction efficiency, reaction time, yield, reduced side-product generation, neat and clean reactions, chemo-/regio-/enantio-selectivity, and the use of mild reagents/reaction conditions to achieve the objectives of green and sustainable chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Prakash Soni
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad - 500037, India.
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