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Liu KQ, Wang ZX, Li F, Li HY, Wang W. Preparation and utilization of carbon dots as a nanoprobe for sensitive detection of tartrazine and palladium (II). Analyst 2024; 149:3073-3077. [PMID: 38752735 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00502c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
We prepared novel green, eco-friendly carbon dots as a dual-channel probe for highly sensitive and selective detection of tartrazine (Trz) and palladium(II) (Pd(II)) involving, respectively, FRET and electron transfer mechanisms. Furthermore, the successful utilization of the carbon dots for detecting Trz and Pd(II) in actual samples implies its potential application prospects in analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Qi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
| | - Zhong-Xia Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
| | - Feng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
| | - Heng-Ye Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
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2
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Singh P, Arpita, Kumar S, Kumar P, Kataria N, Bhankar V, Kumar K, Kumar R, Hsieh CT, Khoo KS. Assessment of biomass-derived carbon dots as highly sensitive and selective templates for the sensing of hazardous ions. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:16241-16267. [PMID: 37439261 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr01966g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Access to safe drinking water and a hygienic living environment are the basic necessities that encourage healthy living. However, the presence of various pollutants (especially toxic heavy metal ions) at high concentrations in water renders water unfit for drinking and domestic use. The presence of high concentrations of heavy-metal ions (e.g., Pb2+, Hg2+, Cr6+, Cd2+, or Cu2+) greater than their permissible limits adversely affects human health, and increases the risk of cancer of the kidneys, liver, skin, and central nervous system. Therefore, their detection in water is crucial. Due to the various benefits of "green"-synthesized carbon-dots (C-dots) over other materials, these materials are potential candidates for sensing of toxic heavy-metal ions in water sources. C-dots are very small carbon-based nanomaterials that show chemical stability, magnificent biocompatibility, excitation wavelength-dependent photoluminescence (PL), water solubility, simple preparation strategies, photoinduced electron transfer, and the opportunity for functionalization. A new family of C-dots called "carbon quantum dots" (CQDs) are fluorescent zero-dimensional carbon nanoparticles of size < 10 nm. The green synthesis of C-dots has numerous advantages over conventional chemical routes, such as utilization of inexpensive and non-poisonous materials, straightforward operations, rapid reactions, and renewable precursors. Natural sources, such as biomass and biomass wastes, are broadly accepted as green precursors for fabricating C-dots because these sources are economical, ecological, and readily/extensively accessible. Two main methods are available for C-dots production: top-down and bottom-up. Herein, this review article discusses the recent advancements in the green fabrication of C-dots: photostability; surface structure and functionalization; potential applications for the sensing of hazardous anions and toxic heavy-metal ions; binding of toxic ions with C-dots; probable mechanistic routes of PL-based sensing of toxic heavy-metal ions. The green production of C-dots and their promising applications in the sensing of hazardous ions discussed herein provides deep insights into the safety of human health and the environment. Nonetheless, this review article provides a resource for the conversion of low-value biomass and biomass waste into valuable materials (i.e., C-dots) for promising sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Permender Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science & Technology, Murthal, Sonipat-131039, Haryana, India.
| | - Arpita
- J. C. Bose University of Science & Technology, YMCA, Faridabad-121006, Haryana, India.
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- J. C. Bose University of Science & Technology, YMCA, Faridabad-121006, Haryana, India.
| | - Parmod Kumar
- J. C. Bose University of Science & Technology, YMCA, Faridabad-121006, Haryana, India.
| | - Navish Kataria
- J. C. Bose University of Science & Technology, YMCA, Faridabad-121006, Haryana, India.
| | - Vinita Bhankar
- Department of Biochemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136119, Haryana, India
| | - Krishan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science & Technology, Murthal, Sonipat-131039, Haryana, India.
| | - Ravi Kumar
- J. C. Bose University of Science & Technology, YMCA, Faridabad-121006, Haryana, India.
| | - Chien-Te Hsieh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam-603103, Tamil Nadu, India
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3
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Kang K, Liu B, Yue G, Ren H, Zheng K, Wang L, Wang Z. Preparation of carbon quantum dots from ionic liquid modified biomass for the detection of Fe 3+ and Pd 2+ in environmental water. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 255:114795. [PMID: 36933478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A new type of green carbon quantum dots (ILB-CQDs) was prepared by hydrothermal method using ionic liquid as a modifier and grape skin as carbon source, and was obtained from hydrogen-bonded lattice structure ionic liquid preparation, which makes the CQDs in a ring-like stable structure with a stability period of more than 90 day. There is also the catalytic effect of the ionic liquid on cellulose, which makes the prepared CQDs show good advantages, such as uniform particle size, high quantum yield (26.7%), and very good fluorescence performance. This is a smart material for the selective detection of Fe3+ and Pd2+. It has a detection limit of 0.001 nM for Fe3+ and 0.23 µM for Pd2+ in pure water. It has a detection limit of 3.2 nmol/L for Fe3+ and 0.36 µmol/L for Pd2+ in actual water, both of which meet the requirements of WHO drinking water standards. And there is to achieve more than 90% of water restoration effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiming Kang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, PR China
| | - Baoyou Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Prevention and Control in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, PR China.
| | - Gang Yue
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, PR China; Ningxia Screen Display Material Technology Innovation Center, Ningxia Sinostar Display Material Co., Ltd, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750000, PR China.
| | - Hongwei Ren
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Prevention and Control in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, PR China
| | - Keyang Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, PR China
| | - Limin Wang
- Ningxia Screen Display Material Technology Innovation Center, Ningxia Sinostar Display Material Co., Ltd, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750000, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Ningxia Screen Display Material Technology Innovation Center, Ningxia Sinostar Display Material Co., Ltd, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750000, PR China
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4
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Shi C, Luo J, Wang Y, Ding L, Liang Q, Yang Z, Lu J, Wu A. A water-soluble naphthalimide fluorescent probe for Cr 2O 72- and Fe 3+ based on inner filter effect. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 289:122245. [PMID: 36535222 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A probe 3 (2-ethoxy-N-(2-(2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl)-1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[de] isoquinolin-6-yl)benzamide) that could selectively respond to Cr2O72- and Fe3+ was reported in this paper. The selectivity, pH titration, concentration titration, detection limit, time dependence, quenching constant and recognition mechanism of probe 3 for Cr2O72- and Fe3+ were studied in CH3CN/HEPES buffer solution. The results showed that Cr2O72- and Fe3+ could rapidly quench the fluorescence of probe 3 through the inner filter effect (IFE). The quenching kept constant after 30 s, and the quenching constants were 7.99 × 103 L.mol-1 and 4.13 × 103 L.mol-1, respectively. The detection limits of probe 3 for Cr2O72- and Fe3+ were 1.15 μmol.L-1 and 1.95 μmol.L-1, respectively, which were lower than the maximum allowable concentrations in drinking water stipulated by EPA. The determination results of Cr2O72- and Fe3+ in water samples indicated that probe 3 could be used as a potential detection tool in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuntian Shi
- School of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, PR China
| | - Jiangxiong Luo
- College of Mechanical & Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yijun Wang
- School of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, PR China
| | - Ling Ding
- School of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, PR China
| | - Qingxiang Liang
- School of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, PR China
| | - Zhihui Yang
- School of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, PR China
| | - Jihao Lu
- School of Science, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300392, PR China
| | - Aibin Wu
- School of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, PR China.
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5
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Zhang J, Chen H, Xu K, Deng D, Zhang Q, Luo L. Current Progress of Ratiometric Fluorescence Sensors Based on Carbon Dots in Foodborne Contaminant Detection. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:233. [PMID: 36831999 PMCID: PMC9953573 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are widely used in the detection of foodborne contaminants because of their biocompatibility, photoluminescence stability, and ease of chemical modification. In order to solve the interference problem of complexity in food matrices, the development of ratiometric fluorescence sensors shows great prospects. In this review, the progress of ratiometric fluorescence sensors based on CDs in foodborne contaminant detection in recent years will be summarized, focusing on the functionalized modification of CDs, the fluorescence sensing mechanism, the types of ratiometric fluorescence sensors, and the application of portable devices. In addition, the outlook on the development of the field will be presented, with the development of smartphone applications and related software helping to better enable the on-site detection of foodborne contaminants to ensure food safety and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialu Zhang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Huinan Chen
- College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Kaidi Xu
- College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Dongmei Deng
- College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Qixian Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200436, China
- Shaoxing Institute of Technology, Shanghai University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Liqiang Luo
- College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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Selective Detection of Fe3+ by Nitrogen–Sulfur-Doped Carbon Dots Using Thiourea and Citric Acid. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12081042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The quantum yield and fluorescence properties of carbon dots are key issues for environmental detection. In this study, nitrogen–sulfur-doped carbon dots (N,S-CDs) were prepared hydrothermally by adding thiourea to provide the N source. By adjusting the ratio of citric acid (CA) to thiourea (N,S) and adding anhydrous ethanol, blue fluorescent doped carbon dots with a quantum yield of up to 53.80% were obtained. The particle morphology and crystalline organization of the N,S-CDs were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to illuminate distinct functional units through the recording of typical vibration bands. The luminescence properties of the N,S-CDs were investigated using ultraviolet–visible (UV-vis) absorption spectroscopy and steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy (PL). In addition, the fluorescence stability of the N,S-CDs was studied in detail. The results showed that the functional groups of the N,S-CDs chelate Fe3+ ions to quench the fluorescence of carbon dots. This shows that the N,S-CDs exhibit high selectivity for Fe3+ ions. With the addition of Fe3+ in the concentration of 0–100 µM, the fluorescence intensity of the N,S-CDs exhibited distinct and linear dependence upon the Fe3+ concentration (R2 = 0.9965), and the detection limit (D = 3ơ/m) was measured as 0.2 µM. The excellent optical properties and Fe3+ selectivity of the N,S-CDs provide a huge boost for application in the field of environmental monitoring.
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Malavika JP, Shobana C, Sundarraj S, Ganeshbabu M, Kumar P, Selvan RK. Green synthesis of multifunctional carbon quantum dots: An approach in cancer theranostics. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 136:212756. [PMID: 35929302 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have gained significant growing attention in the recent past due to their peculiar characteristics including smaller size, high surface area, photoluminescence, chemical stability, facile synthesis and functionalization possibilities. They are carbon nanostructures having less than 10 nm size with fluorescent properties. In recent years, the scientific community is curiously adopting biomass precursors for the preparation of CQDs over the chemical compounds. These biomass sources are sustainable, eco-friendly, inexpensive, widely available and convert waste into valuable materials. Hence in our work the fundamental understating of diverse fabrication methodologies of CQDs, and the types of raw materials employed in recent times, are all examined and correlated comprehensively. Their unique combination of remarkable properties, together with the ease with which they can be fabricated, makes CQDs as promising materials for applications in diverse biomedical fields, in particular for bio-imaging, targeted drug delivery and phototherapy for cancer treatment. The mechanism for luminescence is of considerable significance for leading the synthesis of CQDs with tunable fluorescence emission. Therefore, it is aimed to explore and provide an updated review on (i) the recent progress on the different synthesis methods of biomass-derived CQDs, (ii) the contribution of surface states or functional groups on the luminescence origin and (iii) its potential application for cancer theranostics, concentrating on their fluorescence properties. Finally, we explored the challenges in modification for the synthesis of CQDs from biomass derivatives and the future scope of CQDs in phototherapy for cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalaja Prasad Malavika
- Department of Zoology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College (Autonomous), G. N. Mills, Coimbatore 641 029, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chellappan Shobana
- Department of Zoology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College (Autonomous), G. N. Mills, Coimbatore 641 029, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Shenbagamoorthy Sundarraj
- Department of Zoology, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College (Autonomous), Sivakasi - 626 124, Virudhunagar District, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Mariappan Ganeshbabu
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ponnuchamy Kumar
- Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
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8
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Shi C, Yu M, Wu A, Luo J, Li X, Wang N, Shu W, Yu W. A Water-Soluble Naphthalimide-Based Fluorescent Probe for Specific Sensing of Fe 3+ and $\text{C}{{\text{r}}_{2}}\text{O}_{7}^{2-}$. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202204032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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9
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Zhang C, Pan G, He Y. Conjugated microporous organic polymer as fluorescent chemosensor for detection of Fe 3+ and Fe 2+ ions with high selectivity and sensitivity. Talanta 2022; 236:122872. [PMID: 34635253 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A conjugated microporous organic polymer (TPA-Bp) comprised of triphenylamine (TPA) and 2,2'-bipyridine-5,5'-diformaldehyde (Bp) was prepared via the Schiff-base reaction under ambient conditions. TPA-Bp is an amorphous and microporous spherical nanoparticle with very high stability. TPA-Bp suspension in DMF displayed strong fluorescence emission and selective fluorescence quenching response towards Fe3+ and Fe2+ ions. The fluorescence intensity of TPA-Bp at 331 nm presents linear relationship with the concentrations of both Fe3+ and Fe2+ with low detection limits of 1.02 × 10-5 M for Fe3+ and 5.37 × 10-6 M for Fe2+. The results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirm the selective coordination of N atoms of pyridine unit with Fe ions. The fluorescence quenching of TPA-Bp upon the addition of Fe3+/Fe2+ ions can be attributed to the absorption competition quenching (ACQ) mechanism and the energy transfer between TPA-Bp and Fe3+/Fe2+ ions. This work demonstrates that the conjugated microporous polymers are promising candidates as luminescent sensor for detection of the special analytes in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Guanjun Pan
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Yi He
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China.
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Hashemi N, Mousazadeh MH. Green synthesis of photoluminescent carbon dots derived from red beetroot as a selective probe for Pd2+ detection. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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11
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Bi X, Hou X, Zhang X, Liu W, Ren G, Xu S, Wang H, Wei W. Facile Synthesis of Green Fluorescent Carbon Dots and Application for Iron (III) Detection, Patterning and Cell Imaging. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Bi
- Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan 030001 China
| | - Xiaoyu Hou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan 030001 China
| | - Xueyun Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan 030001 China
| | - Wen Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan 030001 China
| | - Guodong Ren
- School of Basic Medical Sciences Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan 030001 China
| | - Shuming Xu
- Children's Hospital of Shanxi Taiyuan 030013 China
| | - Haojiang Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan 030001 China
| | - Wenlong Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
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12
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Xu D, Li M, Xu H, Yu J, Wang Y, Zhang P. N,S-doped carbon quantum dots as a fluorescent probe for palladium(II) ions via Förster resonance energy transfer. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2021.100179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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