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Zhang YL, Zhou QY, Zhang P, Huang LF, Jin L, Zhou ZG. Influence of static cartoons combined with dynamic virtual environments on preoperative anxiety of preschool-aged children undergoing surgery. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:4947-4955. [DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i22.4947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preschoolers become anxious when they are about to undergo anesthesia and surgery, warranting the development of more appropriate and effective interventions.
AIM To explore the effect of static cartoons combined with dynamic virtual environments on preoperative anxiety and anesthesia induction compliance in preschool-aged children undergoing surgery.
METHODS One hundred and sixteen preschool-aged children were selected and assigned to the drug (n = 37), intervention (n = 40), and control (n = 39) groups. All the children received routine preoperative checkups and nursing before being transferred to the preoperative preparation room on the day of the operation. The drug group received 0.5 mg/kg midazolam and the intervention group treatment consisting of static cartoons combined with dynamic virtual environments. The control group received no intervention. The modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale was used to evaluate the children’s anxiety level on the day before surgery (T0), before leaving the preoperative preparation room (T1), when entering the operating room (T2), and at anesthesia induction (T3). Compliance during anesthesia induction (T3) was evaluated using the Induction Compliance Checklist (ICC). Changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and respiratory rate (RR) were also recorded at each time point.
RESULTS The anxiety scores of the three groups increased variously at T1 and T2. At T3, both the drug and intervention groups had similar anxiety scores, both of which were lower than those in the control group. At T1 and T2, MAP, HR, and RR of the three groups increased. The drug and control groups had significantly higher MAP and RR than the intervention group at T2. At T3, the MAP, HR, and RR of the drug group decreased and were significantly lower than those in the control group but were comparable to those in the intervention group. Both the drug and intervention groups had similar ICC scores and duration of anesthesia induction (T3), both of which were higher than those of the control group.
CONCLUSION Combining static cartoons with dynamic virtual environments as effective as medication, specifically midazolam, in reducing preoperative anxiety and fear in preschool-aged children. This approach also improve their compliance during anesthesia induction and helped maintain their stable vital signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Lin Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Hangzhou Ninth People’s Hospital, Hangzhou 311225, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qi-Ying Zhou
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hangzhou Children’s Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hangzhou Children’s Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lin-Feng Huang
- Intensive Care Unit, Hangzhou Ninth People’s Hospital, Hangzhou 311225, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Li Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Hangzhou Ninth People’s Hospital, Hangzhou 311225, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhi-Guo Zhou
- Department of Surgical Anesthesia, Hangzhou Children’s Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
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2
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The Association between Parenting Stress, Positive Reappraisal Coping, and Quality of Life in Parents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Children: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 10:healthcare10010052. [PMID: 35052216 PMCID: PMC8775364 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Parents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) children generally suffer from poor coping and an impaired quality of life (QoL). This systematic review investigates parenting stress, positive reappraisal coping, and QoL in parents with ASD children. A literature search was carried out for publications written in English on the selected investigation topics using five databases, namely, Scopus, PubMed, Wiley, ScienceDirect Online, and EBSCO. Only studies investigating or measuring parenting stress, positive reappraisal coping, and QoL in ASD were included. Our results indicate that parents with ASD children have high stress levels. This is associated with the ineffective use of coping strategies and a low QoL. Adaptive coping strategies are related to a higher QoL, whereas maladaptive coping techniques are related to a worse QoL. Positive reappraisal coping is negatively correlated to meaningfulness, and it is used by parents to change their daily routines in order to motivate themselves towards new and evolving goals in life. Finally, we found a significant negative correlation between parenting stress, positive reappraisal coping, and the QoL of parents with ASD children. Positive reappraisal coping as a strategy helps parents adapt to stress and was found to be a potential mediatory function between parental stress and QoL.
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3
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Stipanicic A, Couture G, Rivest C, Rousseau M, Paquette M. Au-delà du TED, des compétences parentales à ma portée : évaluation des effets d’un programme de soutien destiné aux parents d’enfants présentant un trouble du spectre de l’autisme. ANNALES MEDICO-PSYCHOLOGIQUES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2021.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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4
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Friesen KA, Weiss JA, Howe SJ, Kerns CM, McMorris CA. Mental Health and Resilient Coping in Caregivers of Autistic Individuals during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings from the Families Facing COVID Study. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 52:3027-3037. [PMID: 34240291 PMCID: PMC8265288 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05177-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Many caregivers of autistic people experience mental health issues, and the impact of disruptions due to COVID-19 may present additional challenges for these individuals. This study characterized caregiver stress, anxiety, and resilient coping during COVID-19 and investigated the impact of COVID-19 disruptions, demographic variables, and resilient coping on mental health. The majority of caregivers reported some degree of disruption associated with COVID-19, and more than half reported moderate levels of stress and high anxiety. Resilient coping did not emerge as a moderator between COVID-19 disruptions and caregiver mental health, but instead had a direct effect on outcomes. Future research is needed to understand additional factors impacting the mental health of caregivers of autistic people during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey A Friesen
- Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, EDT 508, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Jonathan A Weiss
- Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Stephanie J Howe
- Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, EDT 508, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Connor M Kerns
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2329 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Carly A McMorris
- Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, EDT 508, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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5
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Jose P, Sundaram S, Varma RP. Buffering Effect of Spousal Support on Stress Levels in Mothers of Children with a Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Kerala, India. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2021; 12:535-542. [PMID: 34295109 PMCID: PMC8289558 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1727559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives
Bringing up a child with the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be highly stressful. This study aimed to assess perceived stress, level of spousal support, emotion-focused coping styles, and other potentially associated factors among mothers accompanying children diagnosed with ASD for care from selected institutions in Kerala, India.
Materials and Methods
Consenting parents accompanying children to therapeutic programs in selected institutions were administered a semi structured interview schedule incorporating questions of the vernacular version of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), emotion-based coping strategies, spousal support in care of the child diagnosed with ASD, and possible-associated factors. Since internal consistency of stress and coping questionnaires were low, principal component analysis was used to extract composite variables with reasonable psychometric characteristics for stress and coping.
Statistical Analysis
Ordinal logistic regression was performed with a three-level stress category as the outcome variable.
Results
High stress was significantly associated with low spousal support (adjusted odds ratio or AOR: 2.80; 95% confidence intervals or CI 1.28–6.11), having a completely dependent child (AOR 4.24 [95% CI 1.92–9.38]), and low acceptance levels (AOR 2.60 [95% CI 1.14–5.89]). Unlike mothers with high spousal support, mothers with low spousal support were likely to have difficulty in interacting with others (
p
= 0.02) and a low level of acceptance (
p
= 0.05).
Conclusion
Spousal support is important to preserve psychological health in mothers of children diagnosed with ASD. Mothers with low spousal support may need interventions that help increase acceptance levels or decrease avoidant behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prinu Jose
- Achutha Menon Center for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Soumya Sundaram
- Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.,Comprehensive Care Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders (CCCND), Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Ravi Prasad Varma
- Achutha Menon Center for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.,Comprehensive Care Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders (CCCND), Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
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6
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Sgoifo A, Carnevali L, Pattini E, Carandina A, Tanzi G, Del Canale C, Goi P, De Felici Del Giudice MB, De Carne B, Fornari M, Gavazzoli B, Poisa L, Manzoni D, Bollati D. Psychobiological evidence of the stress resilience fostering properties of a cosmetic routine. Stress 2021; 24:53-63. [PMID: 32241205 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2020.1750590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Everyday life psychosocial stressors contribute to poor health and disease vulnerabilty. Means alternative to pharmacotherapy that are able to foster stress resilience are more and more under the magnifying glass of biomedical research. The aim of this study was to test stress resilience fostering properties of the self-administration of a cosmetic product enriched with essential oils. On day 0, fourty women, 25-50 years old, self-administered both the enriched cosmetic product (ECP) and a placebo one (PCP). Then, women were randomized for daily self-administration (from day 1 to 28) of either ECP (n = 20) or PCP (n = 20). On day 29, subjects underwent a psychosocial stress test (PST). Autonomic (heart rate and its variability) and neuroendocrine (salivary cortisol) parameters were assessed both on day 0 and 29. All subjects filled a number of psychological questionnaires in order to quantify anxiety, perceived stress, and mood profile, and were videorecorded during PST for non-verbal behavior evaluation. A single application of ECP produced an acute potentiation of cardiac parasympathetic modulation, which was not observed when placebo was used. Prolonged self-administration of ECP induced: (i) a dampening of the cortisol rise produced by PST, (ii) a reduction of state anxiety, (iii) a favorable change in mood profile, and (iv) a reduction of non-verbal behavior patterns that signal anxiety, motivational conflict and avoidance. In conclusion, this study suggests that the self-administration of a cosmetic cream enriched with essential oils should be considered as a stress resilience fostering strategy due to its favorable physiological, neuroendocrine and psychological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sgoifo
- Stress Physiology Lab, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Stress Control Lab, Italian College of Osteopathy, Parma, Italy
| | - L Carnevali
- Stress Physiology Lab, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Stress Control Lab, Italian College of Osteopathy, Parma, Italy
| | - E Pattini
- Stress Control Lab, Italian College of Osteopathy, Parma, Italy
| | - A Carandina
- Stress Physiology Lab, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | - P Goi
- Davines s.p.a, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | - M Fornari
- Stress Control Lab, Italian College of Osteopathy, Parma, Italy
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7
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Mutluer T, Doenyas C, Aslan Genc H. Behavioral Implications of the Covid-19 Process for Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Individuals' Comprehension of and Reactions to the Pandemic Conditions. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:561882. [PMID: 33304279 PMCID: PMC7701051 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.561882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During disasters and pandemics, vulnerable populations such as patients with mental conditions are known to be overly influenced. Yet, not much is known about how the individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), one of the most common neurodevelopmental conditions globally with a prevalence of 1%, are affected from health-related disasters, especially the current Covid-19 pandemic. Therefore, we conducted an investigation of how individuals with ASD responded to Covid-19 in terms of comprehension and adherence to implemented measures; changes in their behavioral problems; and how their caregivers' anxiety levels relate with these behavioral changes. Our sample consisted of 87 individuals with ASD (15 girls; ages ranged from 3-29, with an average of 13.96 ± 6.1). The majority of our sample had problems understanding what Covid-19 is and the measures it requires. They also had challenges in implementing social distance and hygiene-related regulations of the pandemic. The majority stopped receiving special education during this period. We observed a Covid-19-related clinical presentation that resembled PTSD in individuals with ASD in terms of increased stereotypies, aggression, hypersensitivity, behavioral problems, and sleep and appetite alterations. All subscales of Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) differed significantly between before and after the pandemic conditions. The number of hours the children slept significantly decreased from before to during Covid-19. The anxiety levels of caregivers were high and correlated with the current behavioral problem levels of their children, but not with the level of their behavioral problems before the pandemic. The difference in ABC total score and specifically the lethargy/social withdrawal subscale score predicted parents' anxiety score. Our results suggest that the Covid-19 period inflicts specific challenges to individuals with ASD and their caregivers, underlining the need for targeted, distance special education interventions and other support services for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Mutluer
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ceymi Doenyas
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
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8
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Heart rate variability in individuals with autism spectrum disorders: A meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 118:463-471. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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9
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Yang H, Feng Y, Zhu Z, Qiao Z, Xiao B, Feng L. Evaluation of anxiety, depression, and sleep quality among parents of children with epilepsy in Southern China. Epilepsy Behav 2020; 112:107340. [PMID: 32861027 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to evaluate sleep quality in the parents of children with epilepsy (CWE) as well as their symptoms of anxiety and depression in Southern China. METHOD A structured questionnaire, comprised of The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), was administered to parents of CWE (n = 234) in Xiangya Hospital and parents of healthy children (n = 230) during 2019-2020. RESULTS The scores (Mean ± SD) of State Anxiety Inventory (S-AI) and Trait Anxiety Inventory (T-AI) among parents of CWE were 51.850 ± 11.380 and 48.201 ± 9.526, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of control group (37.172 ± 8.047 and 37.478 ± 7.314, respectively) (p < 0.001). Compared with 10.84% in parents of healthy children, 23.51% of parents of CWE had symptoms of depression (p < 0.001). The mean score of total PSQI among parents of CWE (6.944 ± 3.814) was statistically higher than that of parents of healthy children (5.039 ± 3.390) (p < 0.001). Moreover, anxiety and depression subscores among parents of infants with epilepsy were significantly higher than in other groups. The T-AI and CES-D could explain 43.9% of the variance (R2 = 0.444, F = 92.215, p < 0.001) on the PSQI. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed more severe symptoms of anxiety and depression as well as poorer sleep quality among parents of CWE, especially in the infants group. In light of this information, more attention should be paid to early identification and intervention of symptoms of anxiety and depression in susceptible parents who are the main caregivers of their CWE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojun Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China
| | - Yanyan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China
| | - Ziqing Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China
| | - Zhihua Qiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China
| | - Li Feng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China.
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10
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Frye RE, Vassall S, Kaur G, Lewis C, Karim M, Rossignol D. Emerging biomarkers in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:792. [PMID: 32042808 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.11.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects approximately 2% of children in the United States (US) yet its etiology is unclear and effective treatments are lacking. Therapeutic interventions are most effective if started early in life, yet diagnosis often remains delayed, partly because the diagnosis of ASD is based on identifying abnormal behaviors that may not emerge until the disorder is well established. Biomarkers that identify children at risk during the pre-symptomatic period, assist with early diagnosis, confirm behavioral observations, stratify patients into subgroups, and predict therapeutic response would be a great advance. Here we underwent a systematic review of the literature on ASD to identify promising biomarkers and rated the biomarkers in regards to a Level of Evidence and Grade of Recommendation using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine scale. Biomarkers identified by our review included physiological biomarkers that identify neuroimmune and metabolic abnormalities, neurological biomarkers including abnormalities in brain structure, function and neurophysiology, subtle behavioral biomarkers including atypical development of visual attention, genetic biomarkers and gastrointestinal biomarkers. Biomarkers of ASD may be found prior to birth and after diagnosis and some may predict response to specific treatments. Many promising biomarkers have been developed for ASD. However, many biomarkers are preliminary and need to be validated and their role in the diagnosis and treatment of ASD needs to be defined. It is likely that biomarkers will need to be combined to be effective to identify ASD early and guide treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard E Frye
- Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Deparment of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Sarah Vassall
- Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Gurjot Kaur
- Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Christina Lewis
- Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Mohammand Karim
- Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Deparment of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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